Electromagnetic energy-capturing type nonlinear variable-damping shock absorber and control method thereof

Abstract

The application relates to an electromagnetic energy-capturing type nonlinear variable-damping vibration damper and a control method thereof, which comprises a box body (1), a spring-mass damping mechanism (2) and an electromagnetic energy-capturing mechanism (3); the spring-mass damping mechanism (2) comprises a mass block (21) slidingly arranged on a guide rail (22), a nonlinear spring (23) arranged perpendicularly to the movement direction of the mass block (21), and a linear spring (24) arranged in parallel with the movement direction of the mass block (21); the electromagnetic energy-capturing mechanism (3) comprises a permanent magnet (31) and a coil (32) for generating current when the permanent magnet (31) rotates; a transmission mechanism (4) for converting the translation of the mass block (21) into the rotation of the permanent magnet (31) is arranged between the spring-mass damping mechanism (1) and the electromagnetic energy-capturing mechanism (2). Compared with the prior art, the application can realize the balance between the damping performance and the energy-capturing efficiency of the system by controlling the resistance value change of a variable resistor (52).

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of structural vibration reduction technology, and in particular to an electromagnetic energy-harvesting type nonlinear variable damping vibration damper and its control method. Background Technology

[0002] Most building structures inevitably experience various forms of vibration. Unnecessary vibrations not only reduce the stability and safety of the building structure, accelerate the fatigue aging of structural materials, and shorten their service life, but can also seriously affect people's daily lives and health. Therefore, effective control of structural vibration is crucial. Meanwhile, with the development of intelligent building structures, due to the need for structural vibration control and structural health monitoring, a large number of sensor networks are often deployed within the structure to capture structural status data. Given the need for continuous power supply for large-scale sensor networks, and the urgent requirements to reduce dependence on traditional energy sources and lower operation and maintenance costs, exploring sustainable energy supply solutions is also particularly important. Therefore, research on integrated vibration reduction and energy harvesting designs has gradually emerged. However, existing vibration reduction-energy harvesting systems are based on linear resonance, and their performance is limited by the frequency of environmental vibrations, making it difficult to maintain high efficiency in highly random vibration environments.

[0003] Therefore, developing a novel dual-function vibration damper that can simultaneously achieve efficient structural vibration control and energy harvesting has extremely broad application prospects. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide an electromagnetic energy-harvesting type nonlinear variable damping vibration damper and its control method. The vibration damper is nonlinear, and the vibration damping frequency band and energy harvesting frequency band are broadened, enabling efficient structural vibration control and energy harvesting to be achieved simultaneously.

[0005] The objective of this invention can be achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0006] An electromagnetic energy-harvesting type nonlinear variable damping vibration damper includes a housing and a spring-mass damping mechanism and an electromagnetic energy-harvesting mechanism disposed on the housing.

[0007] The spring-mass damping mechanism includes a mass block, a guide rail, a nonlinear spring, and a linear spring. The mass block is slidably mounted on the guide rail. The axial direction of the nonlinear spring is perpendicular to the direction of movement of the mass block, and the axial direction of the linear spring is parallel to the direction of movement of the mass block.

[0008] The electromagnetic energy harvesting mechanism includes a permanent magnet and a coil that can generate current when the permanent magnet rotates;

[0009] A transmission mechanism is provided between the spring-mass damping mechanism and the electromagnetic energy harvesting mechanism to convert the translation of the mass block into the rotation of the permanent magnet.

[0010] Preferably, one end of the nonlinear spring is connected to the mass block, and the other end is connected to the housing.

[0011] Preferably, one end of the linear spring is connected to the mass block, and the other end is connected to the housing.

[0012] Preferably, the nonlinear spring is a spring with fixed stiffness or variable stiffness, and its initial state is pre-compressed or not pre-compressed, while the linear spring is a spring with fixed stiffness.

[0013] Preferably, one end of the guide rail is provided with a limiting member to prevent the mass block from falling off the guide rail, and the other end is connected to the housing.

[0014] Preferably, the transmission mechanism includes a gear-rack assembly, a fixed tube, a sliding tube, a fixed disc, and an end plate.

[0015] Preferably, one side of the end plate is connected to the mass block via an end plate connector, and the other side is connected to the sliding tube. The sliding tube is slidably connected to the fixed tube. The fixed tube is connected to the housing via a fixing device and a fixed tube connector. The gear-rack assembly is connected and fixed to the fixed tube via a fixing plate. The electromagnetic energy harvesting mechanism is connected to the fixed tube via a support. The gear-rack assembly is connected to the electromagnetic energy harvesting mechanism.

[0016] More preferably, the relative position of the fixed disk and the fixed tube is fixed and does not move with the sliding tube.

[0017] More preferably, the sliding tube is provided with a groove that allows the fixed plate to pass through.

[0018] Preferably, the gear-rack assembly is mounted on a fixed disk via a support plate, and the gear assembly includes a first gear, a second gear, a third gear, a first rotating shaft, a second rotating shaft, and a rack.

[0019] Preferably, the first rotating shaft passes through the support plate, the first gear and the second gear are coaxially arranged with the first rotating shaft, the first gear is in contact with the rack, one end of the rack is connected to the end plate, and the other end passes through the fixed disk, the second rotating shaft passes through the fixed disk and is connected to the electromagnetic energy harvesting mechanism, the second rotating shaft is coaxially arranged with the third gear, and the third gear is in perpendicular contact with the second gear.

[0020] Preferably, the radius of the first gear is smaller than the radius of the second gear, and the radius of the second gear is larger than the radius of the third gear, thereby significantly increasing the rotational speed of the rack transmission to the permanent magnet.

[0021] Preferably, the outer diameter of the sliding tube is less than or equal to the inner diameter of the fixed tube.

[0022] Preferably, the permanent magnet is coaxially arranged with the second rotating shaft, the coil is arranged around the permanent magnet, the axis of the coil coincides with the second rotating shaft, and there are multiple sets of coils and permanent magnets.

[0023] In this invention, multiple sets of coils can be arranged around a single permanent magnet, and these multiple sets of coils are symmetrically arranged around the center of the permanent magnet to ensure the stability of the electromagnetic force.

[0024] Preferably, the mass block drives the end plate to move through the connector, the end plate slides along the axial direction of the fixed tube through the sliding tube, the rack can move along the axial direction of the end plate and drive the first gear to rotate, the first gear drives the first shaft and the second gear to rotate at the same angular velocity, the second gear drives the third gear to rotate at the same linear velocity, the third gear drives the second shaft to rotate at the same angular velocity, the rotation of the second shaft drives the permanent magnet to rotate at the same angular velocity, the rotation of the permanent magnet causes the magnetic field to change, generating an induced electromotive force in the coil, and generating an induced alternating current in the closed circuit.

[0025] Preferably, the coil is connected to an external circuit, and when the permanent magnet rotates, an induced current is generated in the coil, and the induced current is alternating current.

[0026] More preferably, the external circuit includes a rectifier for converting alternating current in the coil into direct current, a variable resistor, a capacitor for collecting electrical energy, and a control device for controlling the resistance change of the variable resistor.

[0027] More preferably, the rectifier is composed of multiple diodes connected in series and parallel.

[0028] More preferably, the capacitor is one or more.

[0029] More preferably, the variable resistor is a thermistor, photoresistor, or other form.

[0030] This invention also provides a control method for the electromagnetic energy-harvesting type nonlinear variable damping vibration damper, which achieves a balance between the system's vibration damping performance and energy harvesting efficiency by controlling the change in the resistance value of the variable resistor. The specific control method is as follows:

[0031] When the system's vibration damping performance is poor and its energy harvesting efficiency is high, the control equipment controls the resistance of the variable resistor to reduce the induced current in the coil, thereby enhancing the electromagnetic induction effect and causing the surrounding magnetic field strength to increase accordingly. This results in a greater resistance to the rotation of the permanent magnet. The reaction force of this resistance constitutes the damping force of the entire system, thereby enhancing the system's vibration damping performance and reducing the system's energy harvesting efficiency.

[0032] When the system has good vibration reduction performance but poor energy harvesting efficiency, the control device increases the resistance of the variable resistor to reduce the induced current in the coil, weaken the electromagnetic induction effect, reduce the resistance of the magnetic field to the rotation of the permanent magnet, reduce the vibration reduction performance of the system, and thus increase the motion amplitude of the mass block, thereby improving the energy harvesting efficiency. This weakens the vibration reduction performance of the system and improves the energy harvesting efficiency, achieving a balance between the overall vibration reduction performance and energy harvesting efficiency of the system.

[0033] This invention aims to provide an electromagnetic energy-harvesting nonlinear variable damping vibration isolator. This isolator can capture and convert the mechanical energy of structural vibrations into electrical energy, which can be used for powering sensor networks or other low-power electronic devices in structural health monitoring and structural vibration control systems, thereby reducing operational energy consumption. Furthermore, this isolator broadens its vibration reduction and energy harvesting frequency bands through nonlinear stiffness, and utilizes a variable nonlinear damping mechanism to achieve an optimal balance between vibration reduction and energy harvesting performance, thus simultaneously achieving the dual goals of efficient vibration control and energy harvesting.

[0034] Traditional linear dampers have limitations in practical applications. Typically, the main structure has a first-order natural frequency ω1. Similarly, a traditional linear tuned damper also has a tuning frequency ω2, which is determined by the damper's spring stiffness k and mass m (frequency calculation formula: ω2 = (k / m)). 0.5 In external excitations, the components with frequencies close to ω1, which are prone to resonance, have the most significant impact on the main structure. Therefore, traditional designs often set the tuning frequency ω2 of the linearly tuned damper to be close to the first-order natural frequency ω1 of the main structure to maximize the transfer of structural vibration energy to the damper. However, this design has an inherent drawback: it only exhibits effective vibration reduction for excitations with frequencies close to ω1. The principle is similar for linear energy traps, which can also only effectively trap excitation energy with frequencies close to ω1.

[0035] The excitations faced by civil engineering structures are often random, with energy distributed across different frequency bands, such as natural phenomena like earthquakes and wind loads. This randomness significantly reduces the vibration reduction effect of traditional linear dampers, as their narrow operating frequency band limits their ability to cope with complex excitation environments. However, in the electromagnetic energy-harvesting nonlinear variable damping vibration isolator of this invention, the damper stiffness k is not constant but varies with the excitation, causing its damping frequency ω2 to dynamically adjust accordingly (frequency calculation formula: ω2 = (k / m)). 0.5 Compared to traditional linear tuned dampers, the electromagnetic energy-harvesting nonlinear variable damping vibration damper of this invention exhibits a wider operating frequency band, thus enabling it to more effectively cope with the complex and ever-changing excitation environment in the field of civil engineering.

[0036] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0037] (1) The electromagnetic energy-harvesting nonlinear variable damping vibration damper provided by the present invention has nonlinear stiffness characteristics. Compared with the traditional passive linear vibration damper, it has significantly broadened the vibration reduction frequency band and energy harvesting frequency band. At the same time, its vibration reduction performance and energy harvesting efficiency have also been greatly improved. The vibration damper has stronger vibration reduction robustness and power supply stability, and is more suitable for complex and variable vibration environments.

[0038] (2) In this invention, the introduction of the variable resistance mechanism can flexibly adjust the optimal balance between the vibration reduction performance and energy harvesting efficiency of the vibration damper, effectively avoiding the drawbacks of insufficient vibration reduction performance or energy harvesting effect of the vibration damper under certain working conditions; so that the vibration damper can ensure the maximization of energy harvesting efficiency while ensuring basic vibration reduction, which is more conducive to achieving the dual goals of high-efficiency vibration reduction and energy harvesting.

[0039] (3) The vibration damper of the present invention is a semi-active vibration damper. Even if the power is cut off under extreme working conditions, the vibration damper can still continue to play its role by relying on the passive control mechanism, which effectively avoids the potential risk of traditional active vibration dampers failing under extreme working conditions.

[0040] (4) The shock absorber of the present invention is integrated and installed by spring-mass damping mechanism, electromagnetic energy harvesting mechanism, transmission mechanism, external circuit, etc. It has a high degree of modularity, which is conducive to mass production for practical application, convenient installation and quick maintenance. Attached Figure Description

[0041] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the electromagnetic energy-harvesting type nonlinear variable damping vibration damper of the present invention;

[0042] Figure 2 for Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the AA cross section;

[0043] Figure 3 for Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the cross-section of BB;

[0044] Figure 4 This is a detailed structural diagram (side view) of the transmission mechanism of the present invention;

[0045] Figure 5 This is a detailed structural diagram (top view) of the transmission mechanism of the present invention;

[0046] Figure 6 This is a detailed structural diagram of the electromagnetic energy harvesting mechanism of the present invention;

[0047] Figure 7 This is a cross-sectional view of the electromagnetic energy harvesting mechanism of the present invention;

[0048] Figure 8 This is a detailed structural diagram of the external circuit of the present invention;

[0049] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of a conventional tuned mass damper for comparison.

[0050] In all the accompanying drawings, the same reference numerals are used to denote the same components or structures, wherein:

[0051] 1-Box body, 2-Spring-mass damping mechanism, 21-Mass block, 22-Guide rail, 23-Nonlinear spring, 24-Linear spring, 25-Limiting component, 3-Electromagnetic energy harvesting mechanism, 31-Permanent magnet, 32-Coil, 4-Transmission mechanism; 41-Gear-rack assembly, 42-Fixed tube, 43-Sliding tube, 44-Fixed disc, 45-End plate, 411-Support plate, 412-First gear, 413-Second gear, 414-Third gear, 415-First shaft, 416-Second shaft, 417-Rack, 5-External circuit, 51-Rectifier, 52-Variable resistor, 53-Capacitor, 54-Control device, 6-End plate connector, 7-Fixing device, 8-Fixed tube connector, 9-Support component, 10-Traditional tuned mass damper; 11-Hydraulic cylinder. Detailed Implementation

[0052] The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. These embodiments are based on the technical solution of the present invention and provide detailed implementation methods and specific operating procedures. However, the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments.

[0053] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that the terms "center," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for the convenience of describing the invention and for simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0054] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," and "linking" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention based on the specific circumstances.

[0055] Unless otherwise specified, the functional components or structures in the following embodiments or examples are conventional components or structures used in the art to achieve the corresponding functions.

[0056] Example 1

[0057] An electromagnetic energy-harvesting type nonlinear variable damping vibration damper, such as Figure 1 As shown, the invention includes a housing 1, inside which a spring-mass damping mechanism 2 and an electromagnetic energy harvesting mechanism 3 are arranged. The spring-mass damping mechanism 2 includes a mass block 21 that can slide along a guide rail 22, a nonlinear spring 23 arranged perpendicular to the direction of motion of the mass block 21, and a linear spring 24 arranged parallel to the direction of motion of the mass block 21. The electromagnetic energy harvesting mechanism 3 includes a permanent magnet 31 and a coil 32. When the permanent magnet 31 rotates, the coil 32 can generate an induced current. The invention also includes a transmission mechanism 4 disposed between the spring-mass damping mechanism 1 and the electromagnetic energy harvesting mechanism 2. The transmission mechanism 4 is used to convert the translational motion of the mass block 21 into the rotational motion of the permanent magnet 31.

[0058] Example 2

[0059] An electromagnetic energy-harvesting type nonlinear variable damping vibration damper, such as Figures 2-8 As shown, it includes a housing 1 and a spring-mass damping mechanism 2 and an electromagnetic energy harvesting mechanism 3 disposed on the housing 1.

[0060] The spring-mass damping mechanism 2 consists of a mass block 21, a guide rail 22, a nonlinear spring 23, and a linear spring 24. The mass block 21 slides along the guide rail 22, and a limit element 25 is provided at one end of the guide rail 22 to prevent the mass block 21 from derailing. The nonlinear spring 23 is connected to the mass block 21 perpendicular to the direction of movement of the mass block 21, while the linear spring 24 is connected to the mass block 21 parallel to the direction of movement of the mass block 21.

[0061] In this embodiment, the nonlinear spring 23 is a spring with fixed stiffness or variable stiffness, and its initial state is either pre-compressed or not pre-compressed, while the linear spring 24 is a spring with fixed stiffness.

[0062] The electromagnetic energy harvesting mechanism 3 includes a permanent magnet 31 and a coil 32. The external circuit 5 includes a rectifier 51, a variable resistor 52, a capacitor 53, and a control device 54. The rectifier 51 is used to convert the alternating current in the coil 32 into direct current. The capacitor 53 can collect electrical energy. The control device 54 can control the resistance change of the variable resistor 52 to balance the vibration reduction performance and energy harvesting efficiency.

[0063] A transmission mechanism 4 is provided between the spring-mass damping mechanism 2 and the electromagnetic energy harvesting mechanism 3. In this embodiment, the translational motion of the mass block 21 is converted into the rotational motion of the permanent magnet 31 through the transmission mechanism 4. The transmission mechanism 4 consists of a gear-rack assembly 41, a fixed tube 42, a sliding tube 43, a fixed disk 44, and an end plate 45. One side of the end plate 45 is connected to the mass block 21 through the end plate connector 6, and the other side is connected to the sliding tube 43. A sliding connection is formed between the sliding tube 43 and the fixed tube 42, and the fixed tube 42 is fixed to the housing 1 through the fixing device 7 and the fixed tube connector 8.

[0064] A gear-rack assembly 41 is mounted on a fixed disk 44 via a support plate 411. The gear-rack assembly 41 includes a first gear 412, a second gear 413, a third gear 414, a first rotating shaft 415, a second rotating shaft 416, and a rack 417. The first rotating shaft 415 passes through the support plate 411 and is coaxially arranged with the first gear 412 and the second gear 413. The first gear 415 contacts the rack 417, one end of which is connected to an end plate 45, and the other end passes through the fixed disk 44. The second rotating shaft 416 passes through the fixed disk 44, and the third gear 414 is in perpendicular contact with the second gear 413. A permanent magnet 31 is coaxially arranged with the second rotating shaft 416, and a coil 32 is arranged around the permanent magnet 31, with the axis of the coil 32 coinciding with the second rotating shaft 416.

[0065] In this embodiment, the outer diameter of the sliding tube 43 is less than or equal to the inner diameter of the fixed tube 42, the radius of the first gear 412 is less than the radius of the second gear 413, the radius of the second gear 413 is greater than the radius of the third gear 414, and there are multiple sets of coil 32 and permanent magnet 31.

[0066] In this embodiment, the movement of the mass block 21 is transmitted to the end plate 45 via the connector 6. The end plate 45 slides along the axial direction of the fixed tube 42 via the sliding tube 43. As the end plate 45 moves, the rack 417 also moves axially, causing the first gear 412 to rotate. This rotation is transmitted through the first shaft 415, causing the second gear 413 to rotate at a synchronized angular velocity. Subsequently, the rotation of the second gear 413 drives the third gear 414 to rotate at a consistent linear velocity, and the rotation of the third gear 414 drives the permanent magnet 31 to rotate at the same angular velocity via the second shaft 416. The rotation of the permanent magnet 31 causes a change in the magnetic field around it, thereby inducing an electromotive force in the surrounding coil 32. When the circuit is closed, an alternating current is generated in it.

[0067] This embodiment achieves a balance between the system's vibration reduction performance and energy harvesting efficiency by controlling the resistance change of the variable resistor 52. The specific control method is as follows:

[0068] When the system's vibration reduction performance is poor and its energy capture efficiency is high, the control device 54 controls the resistance of the variable resistor 52 to decrease, thereby increasing the induced current in the coil 32, enhancing the electromagnetic induction effect, and causing the surrounding magnetic field strength to increase accordingly. This results in a greater resistance to the rotation of the permanent magnet 31. The reaction force of this resistance constitutes the damping force of the entire system, thereby enhancing the system's vibration reduction performance and reducing the system's energy capture efficiency.

[0069] When the system has good vibration reduction performance but poor energy capture efficiency, the control device 54 controls the resistance of the variable resistor 52 to increase the induced current in the coil 32, weaken the electromagnetic induction effect, reduce the resistance of the magnetic field to the rotation of the permanent magnet 31, reduce the vibration reduction performance of the system, and thus increase the motion amplitude of the mass block 21, thereby improving the energy capture efficiency. This weakens the vibration reduction performance of the system and improves the energy capture efficiency of the system, achieving a balance between the overall vibration reduction performance and energy capture efficiency of the system.

[0070] Comparative Example 1

[0071] A conventional tuned mass damper 10 (TMD), such as Figure 9 As shown, the damper is a linear damper, including a housing 1, a guide mechanism, a stiffening element, a mass block 21, and a damping element disposed within the housing 1. The guide mechanism guides the mass block 21 to slide in a predetermined direction. The guide mechanism consists of two parallel guide rails 22, and the mass block 21 is slidably connected to the guide rails 22. The stiffening element consists of a linear spring 24, whose axial direction is parallel to the direction of movement of the mass block 21, and whose two ends are respectively connected to the inner wall of the housing 1 and the mass block 21. The damping element is a hydraulic cylinder 11, which is connected to the mass block 21 and the housing 1 through a connecting piece.

[0072] Preliminary simulation results show that, under white noise excitation, the traditional tuned mass damper reduces the peak displacement and root mean square displacement of a single-degree-of-freedom structure by 6.66% and 17.39%, respectively; while the electromagnetic energy-harvesting nonlinear variable damping damper of this invention reduces the peak displacement and root mean square displacement of a single-degree-of-freedom structure by 9.02% and 20.17%, respectively. Compared with the traditional tuned mass damper, the electromagnetic energy-harvesting nonlinear variable damping damper of this invention improves the vibration reduction performance of the structure's peak displacement and root mean square displacement by 35.35% and 15.98%, respectively.

[0073] In summary, the electromagnetic energy-harvesting nonlinear variable damping vibration damper of the present invention has broadened its vibration reduction and energy harvesting frequency bands, and can simultaneously achieve efficient structural vibration control and energy harvesting.

[0074] The above description of the embodiments is provided to enable those skilled in the art to understand and use the invention. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications can be made to these embodiments, and the general principles described herein can be applied to other embodiments without inventive effort. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and any improvements and modifications made by those skilled in the art based on the disclosure of the present invention without departing from the scope of the invention should be within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An electromagnetic energy-harvesting type nonlinear variable damping vibration damper, characterized in that, It includes a housing (1) and a spring-mass damping mechanism (2) and an electromagnetic energy harvesting mechanism (3) mounted on the housing (1). The spring-mass damping mechanism (2) includes a mass block (21), a guide rail (22), a nonlinear spring (23), and a linear spring (24). The mass block (21) is slidably disposed on the guide rail (22). The axial direction of the nonlinear spring (23) is perpendicular to the direction of motion of the mass block (21), and the axial direction of the linear spring (24) is parallel to the direction of motion of the mass block (21). The electromagnetic energy harvesting mechanism (3) includes a permanent magnet (31) and a coil (32) that can generate current when the permanent magnet (31) rotates. A transmission mechanism (4) is provided between the spring-mass damping mechanism (2) and the electromagnetic energy harvesting mechanism (3) to convert the translation of the mass block (21) into the rotation of the permanent magnet (31). One end of the nonlinear spring (23) is connected to the mass block (21), and the other end is connected to the box (1); One end of the linear spring (24) is connected to the mass block (21), and the other end is connected to the box (1); The nonlinear spring (23) is a spring with fixed stiffness or variable stiffness, and its initial state is either pre-compressed or not pre-compressed. The linear spring (24) is a spring with fixed stiffness. The coil (32) is connected to the external circuit (5). When the permanent magnet (31) rotates, an induced current is generated in the coil (32). The induced current is alternating current. The external circuit (5) includes a rectifier (51) for converting the alternating current in the coil (32) into direct current, a variable resistor (52), a capacitor (53) for collecting electrical energy, and a control device (54) for controlling the resistance change of the variable resistor (52). By controlling the resistance change of the variable resistor (52), the balance between the vibration reduction performance and energy harvesting efficiency of the system is achieved. The specific control method is as follows: When the system's vibration reduction performance is poor and its energy capture efficiency is high, the control device (54) controls the resistance of the variable resistor (52) to decrease, thereby increasing the induced current in the coil (32), enhancing the electromagnetic induction effect, and causing the surrounding magnetic field strength to increase accordingly, thus generating a greater resistance to the rotation of the permanent magnet (31). The reaction force of this resistance constitutes the damping force of the entire system, thereby enhancing the system's vibration reduction performance and reducing the system's energy capture efficiency. When the system has good vibration reduction performance but poor energy capture efficiency, the control device (54) controls the resistance of the variable resistor (52) to increase the resistance value, thereby reducing the induced current in the coil (32), weakening the electromagnetic induction effect, reducing the resistance of the magnetic field to the rotation of the permanent magnet (31), reducing the vibration reduction performance of the system, thereby increasing the motion amplitude of the mass block (21), improving the energy capture efficiency, thereby weakening the vibration reduction performance of the system, improving the energy capture efficiency of the system, and achieving a balance between the overall vibration reduction performance and energy capture efficiency of the system. The transmission mechanism (4) includes a gear-rack assembly (41), a fixed tube (42), a sliding tube (43), a fixed disc (44), and an end plate (45). One side of the end plate (45) is connected to the mass block (21) via the end plate connector (6), and the other side is connected to the sliding tube (43). The sliding tube (43) is slidably connected to the fixed tube (42). The fixed tube (42) is connected to the box body (1) via the fixing device (7) and the fixed tube connector (8). The gear-rack assembly (41) is connected to the fixed tube (42) via the fixed plate (44). The electromagnetic energy harvesting mechanism (3) is connected to the fixed tube (42) via the support (9). The gear-rack assembly (41) is connected to the electromagnetic energy harvesting mechanism (3). The gear-rack assembly (41) is mounted on the fixed disk (44) via a support plate (411). The gear-rack assembly (41) includes a first gear (412), a second gear (413), a third gear (414), a first rotating shaft (415), a second rotating shaft (416), and a rack (417). The first rotating shaft (415) passes through the support plate (411). The first gear (412) and the second gear (413) are coaxially arranged with the first rotating shaft (415). The first gear (412) contacts the rack (417). One end of the rack (417) is connected to the end plate (45), and the other end passes through the fixed disk (44). The second rotating shaft (416) passes through the fixed disk (44) and is connected to the electromagnetic energy harvesting mechanism (3). The second rotating shaft (416) is coaxially arranged with the third gear (414). The third gear (414) is in perpendicular contact with the second gear (413). The radius of the first gear (412) is smaller than the radius of the second gear (413), and the radius of the second gear (413) is larger than the radius of the third gear (414); the outer diameter of the sliding tube (43) is smaller than or equal to the inner diameter of the fixed tube (42).

2. The electromagnetic energy-harvesting type nonlinear variable damping vibration damper according to claim 1, characterized in that, One end of the guide rail (22) is connected to the housing (1), and the other end is provided with a limiting member (25) to prevent the mass block (21) from falling out of the guide rail (22).

3. The electromagnetic energy-harvesting type nonlinear variable damping vibration damper according to claim 1, characterized in that, The permanent magnet (31) is coaxially arranged with the second rotating shaft (416), and the coil (32) is arranged around the permanent magnet (31). The axis of the coil (32) coincides with the second rotating shaft (416). There are multiple sets of the coil (32) and the permanent magnet (31).

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