Seismic data static correction method and device, electronic equipment and storage medium

Abstract

The application discloses a seismic data static correction method and device, electronic equipment and a storage medium, relates to the field of physical exploration technology, and the seismic data static correction method comprises the following steps: acquiring single-shot first arrival data of a target region in seismic data; inputting the single-shot first arrival data into a preset static correction model to calculate refraction static correction and tomographic static correction of the target region; fusing a high-frequency quantity of the refraction static correction and a low-frequency quantity of the tomographic static correction to generate a fused static correction quantity; and correcting a single shot collected in advance based on the fused static correction quantity. Through refraction static correction and tomographic static correction, the high-frequency quantity of the former is fused with the low-frequency quantity of the latter, so that the authenticity of structural forms and the accuracy of imaging details are ensured, and the static correction problem of a complex piedmont zone can be well solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of geophysical exploration technology, specifically to a method, apparatus, electronic device, and storage medium for static correction of seismic data. Background Technology

[0002] For certain basin structures, the surface types of the work area are mainly gravel mountain areas, sandstone and mudstone mountain areas, and Gobi gravel areas. There are drastic changes in lateral velocity between different areas, and the static correction problem is relatively serious, which brings difficulties to preprocessing and fine imaging of the target geological body.

[0003] Among related technologies, the most commonly used static correction methods are elevation static correction, refraction static correction, and tomographic static correction. Elevation static correction corrects the elevation difference between a physical point and a fixed reference surface to eliminate the influence of surface undulations on underground structural morphology. This method is only suitable for areas without low-velocity zones or where the low-velocity zone structure does not change laterally. In indoor processing, elevation static correction is primarily used as a basic standard for static correction quality control. Refraction static correction is currently the most widely used technique, but its application requires the existence of a relatively stable refractive surface and a known surface velocity. However, in areas with complex surfaces, the effect of refraction static correction is not ideal. Tomographic static correction is more suitable for blocks with complex near-surface conditions and has greater adaptability.

[0004] However, among the above technologies, for complex piedmont structural zones, the lateral velocity variations between regions are drastic, and the static correction problem is seriously unsolvable, which affects the fine imaging of the underlying geological targets and brings difficulties to oil and gas exploration. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of the above problems, this application provides a method, apparatus, electronic device and storage medium for static correction of seismic data, so as to at least solve the problems existing in the related art.

[0006] In a first aspect, embodiments of this application provide a static correction method for seismic data, including:

[0007] Acquire first-arrival data of a single shot in the target area from seismic data;

[0008] The initial arrival data of the single shot is input into a preset static correction model to calculate the refraction static correction and tomographic static correction of the target area;

[0009] The high-frequency value of the refractive static correction is fused with the low-frequency value of the tomographic static correction to generate a fused static correction.

[0010] The pre-acquired single shot is corrected based on the fused static correction value.

[0011] In some embodiments, before fusing the high-frequency amount of the refractive static correction with the low-frequency amount of the tomographic static correction to generate the fused static correction, the method further includes:

[0012] The refractive static correction amount is subjected to high-frequency separation using a smoothing process to determine the high-frequency amount;

[0013] The low-frequency quantity is determined by performing a smoothing process to separate the chromatographic static correction amount at low frequencies.

[0014] In some embodiments, the smoothing process is used to perform high-frequency separation on the refractive static correction amount to determine the high-frequency amount, wherein the high-frequency amount is calculated using a first calculation formula, which is:

[0015] T1 = T 1high +T 1low ;

[0016] In the formula, T1 is the static refraction correction amount, T 1high T is the high-frequency quantity of the static refraction correction. 1low This is the low-frequency quantity of the static correction for refraction.

[0017] In some embodiments, the smoothing process is used to perform low-frequency separation on the chromatographic static correction amount to determine the low-frequency amount, wherein the low-frequency amount is calculated using a second formula, which is:

[0018] T2 = T 2high +T 2low ;

[0019] In the formula, T2 is the static correction amount for chromatography, T 2high T is a high-frequency quantity for chromatography static correction. 2low This is a low-frequency quantity used for static calibration in chromatography.

[0020] In some embodiments, the high-frequency quantity of the refractive static correction and the low-frequency quantity of the chromatographic static correction are fused to generate a fused static correction. The fused static correction is calculated using a third formula, which is:

[0021] T3 = T 1high +T 2low ;

[0022] In the formula, T3 is the fusion static correction amount, T 1high T is the high-frequency quantity of the static refraction correction. 2low This is a low-frequency quantity used for static calibration in chromatography.

[0023] In some embodiments, inputting the single-shot initial arrival data into a preset static correction model to calculate the refraction static correction amount for the target region includes:

[0024] The ray travel time, shot-receiver distance, refraction velocity, surface velocity, and refraction surface depth in the single shot initial arrival data are input into the refraction static correction module in the preset static correction model to generate at least the shot point delay time and receiver point delay time of the target area.

[0025] The shot point delay time and receiver point delay time of the target area are input into a preset first calculation model to calculate the first shot point static correction amount and the first receiver point static correction amount of the target area.

[0026] The refraction static correction is determined based on the static correction at the first shot point and the static correction at the first receiver point.

[0027] In some embodiments, inputting the single-shot initial arrival data into a preset static correction model to calculate the tomographic static correction amount for the target region includes:

[0028] The ray travel time, shot-receiver distance, refraction velocity, surface velocity, and refraction surface depth in the single shot first arrival data are input into the tomographic static correction module in the preset static correction model to generate at least the near-surface slowness model matrix, actual travel time, theoretical travel time based on the slowness model, distance matrix related to the model ray path, and time difference matrix between actual and theoretical travel time for the target area.

[0029] The near-surface slowness model matrix, actual travel time, theoretical travel time based on the slowness model, distance matrix related to the model ray path, and time difference matrix between actual and theoretical travel time are input into the preset second calculation model to calculate the static correction of the second shot point and the static correction of the second receiver point in the target area.

[0030] The tomographic static correction is determined based on the second shot point static correction and the second receiver point static correction.

[0031] Secondly, embodiments of this application provide a static correction device for seismic data, comprising:

[0032] The acquisition module is used to acquire the first arrival data of a single shot in the target area of ​​the seismic data.

[0033] The calculation module is used to input the single shot initial arrival data into a preset static correction model to calculate the refraction static correction and tomographic static correction of the target area.

[0034] The generation module is used to fuse the high-frequency quantity of the refractive static correction quantity with the low-frequency quantity of the tomographic static correction quantity to generate a fused static correction quantity.

[0035] The calibration module is used to calibrate the pre-acquired single shot based on the fused static calibration value.

[0036] Thirdly, embodiments of this application provide an electronic device comprising: at least one processor and a memory; the processor being configured to execute a computer program stored in the memory to implement the seismic data static correction method as described in any embodiment of the first aspect.

[0037] Fourthly, embodiments of this application provide a computer storage medium storing one or more programs, which can be executed by an electronic device as described in the third aspect to implement the seismic data static correction method as described in any embodiment of the first aspect.

[0038] This application provides a method, apparatus, electronic device, and storage medium for static correction of seismic data, comprising: acquiring first-arrival data of a single shot in a target area from seismic data; inputting the first-arrival data of a single shot into a preset static correction model to calculate the refractive static correction amount and the tomographic static correction amount of the target area; fusing the high-frequency amount of the refractive static correction amount with the low-frequency amount of the tomographic static correction amount to generate a fused static correction amount; and correcting the pre-acquired single shot based on the fused static correction amount. By fusing the high-frequency amount of the former with the low-frequency amount of the latter through refractive static correction and tomographic static correction, the authenticity of the structural morphology and the accuracy of imaging details are ensured, which can effectively solve the static correction problem of complex piedmont zones.

[0039] It should be understood that the description in this section is not intended to identify key or essential features of the embodiments of this application, nor is it intended to limit the scope of this application. Other features of this application will become readily apparent from the following description. Attached Figure Description

[0040] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application, the accompanying drawings used in the description of this embodiment will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0041] Figure 1 A schematic flowchart of a static correction method for seismic data according to an embodiment of this application is shown;

[0042] Figure 2 This illustration shows an exemplary refractive static correction and tomographic static correction stripping surface according to an embodiment of this application;

[0043] Figure 3This illustration shows a schematic diagram of the fusion of high-frequency quantities of refractive static correction and low-frequency quantities of tomographic static correction according to an embodiment of this application;

[0044] Figure 4 This paper presents a comparison diagram of an exemplary refractive static correction, tomographic static correction, and fusion static correction proposed in one embodiment of this application;

[0045] Figure 5 This invention provides a comparison of superimposed cross-sections after exemplary refractive static correction, tomographic static correction, and fusion static correction, as presented in one embodiment of this application.

[0046] Figure 6 This invention provides a structural block diagram of a seismic data static correction device according to one embodiment of the present application.

[0047] Figure 7 A structural block diagram of an electronic device for performing a static correction method for seismic data according to an embodiment of this application is shown;

[0048] Figure 8 A computer-readable storage medium for storing or carrying a static correction method for seismic data according to an embodiment of this application is shown. Detailed Implementation

[0049] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the embodiments and accompanying drawings. The illustrative embodiments and descriptions of the present invention are only used to explain the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0050] The technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0051] A study of a basin revealed it to be part of a complex piedmont tectonic zone. The surface types in the study area were primarily gravel mountains, sandstone and mudstone mountains, and Gobi gravel areas. In the gravel mountains, low-velocity layers typically had velocities of 400-800 m / s and a thickness of 1-5 m, while high-velocity layers had velocities of around 2000 m / s. In the sandstone and mudstone mountains, low-velocity layers typically had velocities of 400-950 m / s and a thickness of 1-20 m, while high-velocity layers mostly had velocities of 2000-3500 m / s, showing significant velocity variations. In the Gobi gravel areas, low-velocity layers typically had velocities of 350-700 m / s and a thickness of 1-13 m, while high-velocity layers mostly had velocities of 1600-2200 m / s, showing relatively stable velocities. Due to the dramatic lateral velocity variations between different areas, static correction was a significant challenge, posing difficulties for preprocessing and detailed imaging of the target geological bodies.

[0052] Currently, there are three commonly used methods for calculating static correction in related technologies: elevation static correction, refraction static correction, and tomographic static correction. Elevation static correction corrects the elevation difference between a physical point and a fixed reference surface to eliminate the influence of surface undulations on subsurface structural morphology. This method is only suitable for areas without low-velocity zones or where the low-velocity zone structure does not change laterally. In indoor processing, elevation static correction is primarily used as a basic standard for static correction quality control. Refraction static correction is currently the most widely used technique. Its application requires the existence of a relatively stable refractive surface and known surface velocities. However, in areas with complex surfaces, the effect of refraction static correction is not ideal. Tomographic static correction is more suitable for blocks with complex near-surface conditions and has stronger adaptability. Practice shows that as long as the observation system has sufficient near-offset channels and the first-arrival information is reliable, tomographic static correction can achieve good results.

[0053] The inventors' research revealed that the above method still has the following problems. On the one hand, the stripping depth of refractive static correction is equal to the inversion depth. After stripping, the replacement velocity is used to fill the gap. Since the replacement velocity is less than the shallow velocity in the mountain area, the travel time becomes longer, and the structural position shifts downward. However, its high-frequency components have advantages in imaging. On the other hand, tomographic static correction is performed on isokinetic surfaces, which can better control the low- and mid-frequency components of mesoscale structural morphology. However, the high-frequency components are weak and cannot reflect the details of the image well.

[0054] To address the aforementioned issues, the applicant has proposed a seismic data static correction method, apparatus, electronic device, and storage medium as described in this application. This method acquires first-arrival data of a single shot in the target area from seismic data, inputs this data into a preset static correction model to calculate the refractive static correction and tomographic static correction amounts for the target area. The high-frequency components of the refractive static correction and the low-frequency components of the tomographic static correction are then fused to generate a fused static correction amount. This fused static correction technique, combining the high-frequency components of the refractive static correction with the low-frequency components of the tomographic static correction, effectively solves the static correction problem in high-velocity outcrop areas of complex piedmont zones. Based on the fused static correction amount, pre-acquired single-shot data is corrected, achieving real-time static correction and fine imaging of the acquired data. This ensures the authenticity of the structural morphology and the accuracy of imaging details, effectively solving the static correction problem in complex piedmont zones. The seismic data static correction method will be described in detail in subsequent embodiments.

[0055] Example 1

[0056] The following describes the application scenarios of the seismic data static correction method provided in the embodiments of this application:

[0057] Please see Figure 1 , Figure 1 This is a schematic flowchart of a static correction method for seismic data provided in this embodiment of the application, which aims to solve the static correction problem in the target area and effectively addresses the static correction problem in complex piedmont zones. In this embodiment, the static correction method for seismic data can be applied to, for example... Figure 6 The seismic data static correction device 300 shown is... Figure 7 The electronic device 200 shown can be a desktop computer, tablet computer, smartphone, or other smart terminal. The electronic device 200 can include one or more devices, and multiple electronic devices can transmit information wirelessly and / or via wired means. Multiple electronic devices can work together to complete the static correction method for seismic data. For example, various types of data can be obtained through a smart terminal to complete the static correction method process for seismic data.

[0058] The following is about Figure 1 The process shown is described in detail. This static correction method for seismic data may include steps S110 to S140.

[0059] Step S110: Obtain the first arrival data of a single shot in the target area from the seismic data.

[0060] In the embodiments of this application, the first arrival data of a single shot refers to the time when the seismic wave arrives at the target area. Acquiring this data can provide preliminary information about the underground structure for subsequent processing and interpretation.

[0061] Step S120: Input the initial arrival data of a single shot into the preset static correction model to calculate the refraction static correction and tomographic static correction of the target area.

[0062] Step S130: The high-frequency amount of the refractive static correction and the low-frequency amount of the chromatographic static correction are fused to generate a fused static correction.

[0063] In the embodiments of this application, the refractive static correction amount involves high-frequency components, while the chromatographic static correction amount involves low-frequency components. By fusing these two correction amounts, a fused static correction amount can be obtained, which integrates high-frequency and low-frequency information and better corrects the data.

[0064] Step S140: Correct the pre-acquired single shot based on the fused static correction value.

[0065] In this embodiment, the pre-acquired single-shot seismic data are corrected based on the fused static correction. This eliminates time differences caused by subsurface velocity and medium inhomogeneity, improving the time shift and amplitude accuracy of the data.

[0066] In this embodiment, based on refractive static correction and tomographic static correction, the high-frequency quantity of the former is fused with the medium and low-frequency quantity of the latter, thereby ensuring the authenticity of the structural morphology and the accuracy of imaging details, and effectively solving the static correction problem of complex foreland zones.

[0067] In some embodiments, before fusing the high-frequency amount of the refractive static correction amount with the low-frequency amount of the chromatographic static correction amount in step S130 to generate the fused static correction amount, steps S210 to S220 may be included.

[0068] Step S110: Obtain the first arrival data of a single shot in the target area from the seismic data.

[0069] Step S120: Input the initial arrival data of a single shot into the preset static correction model to calculate the refraction static correction and tomographic static correction of the target area.

[0070] Step S210: Use smoothing processing to perform high-frequency separation of the refractive static correction amount in order to determine the high-frequency amount.

[0071] In this embodiment, the static refraction correction primarily reflects the characteristics of high-frequency signals, corresponding to the higher-frequency components in seismic wave propagation. By performing high-frequency separation on the static refraction correction, we can primarily extract and focus on subsurface velocity variations, medium boundaries, and subtle structural features that affect high-frequency data. In seismic records, high-frequency correction can make the data clearer, highlight subsurface details, and improve the accuracy of interpretation and analysis.

[0072] Step S220: Use smoothing processing to perform low-frequency separation on the chromatographic static correction amount in order to determine the low-frequency amount.

[0073] In this embodiment, the tomographic static correction primarily reflects the characteristics of low-frequency signals, corresponding to the lower-frequency components in seismic wave propagation. By performing low-frequency separation on the tomographic static correction, large-scale subsurface structures and velocity anomalies can be better detected. Low-frequency correction helps improve the overall morphology and amplitude accuracy of seismic profiles, reduces the impact of noise and environmental interference, and enhances the interpretability of seismic data.

[0074] Step S130: The high-frequency amount of the refractive static correction and the low-frequency amount of the chromatographic static correction are fused to generate a fused static correction.

[0075] Step S140: Correct the pre-acquired single shot based on the fused static correction value.

[0076] In the embodiments of this application, by separating high-frequency and low-frequency quantities, the subtle and large-scale changes of the underground structure can be analyzed more clearly. High-frequency quantities highlight the detailed features of the seismic profile and are an important basis for structural interpretation and oil and gas exploration, while low-frequency quantities provide regional large-scale features.

[0077] In some embodiments, in step S210, a smoothing process is used to perform high-frequency separation on the refractive static correction amount to determine the high-frequency quantity. The high-frequency quantity is calculated using a first calculation formula, which is:

[0078] T1 = T 1high +T 1low ;

[0079] In the formula, T1 is the static refraction correction amount, T 1high T is the high-frequency quantity of the static refraction correction. 1low This is the low-frequency quantity of the static correction for refraction.

[0080] In some embodiments, in step S220, a smoothing process is used to perform low-frequency separation on the chromatographic static correction amount to determine the low-frequency amount. The low-frequency amount is calculated using a second formula, which is:

[0081] T2 = T 2high +T 2low ;

[0082] In the formula, T2 is the static correction amount for chromatography, T 2high T is a high-frequency quantity for chromatography static correction. 2low This is a low-frequency quantity used for static calibration in chromatography.

[0083] In some embodiments, step S130 involves fusing the high-frequency amount of the refractive static correction with the low-frequency amount of the chromatographic static correction to generate a fused static correction. The fused static correction is calculated using a third formula, which is:

[0084] T3 = T 1high +T 2low ;

[0085] In the formula, T3 is the fusion static correction amount, T 1high T is the high-frequency quantity of the static refraction correction. 2low This is a low-frequency quantity used for static calibration in chromatography.

[0086] In some implementations, step S120, which involves inputting the initial arrival data of a single shot into a preset static correction model to calculate the refraction static correction amount of the target area, may include steps S121 to S123.

[0087] Step S110: Obtain the first arrival data of a single shot in the target area from the seismic data.

[0088] Step S121: Input the ray travel time, shot-receiver distance, refraction velocity, surface velocity and refraction surface depth from the single shot initial arrival data into the refraction static correction module in the preset static correction model to generate at least the shot point delay time and receiver point delay time of the target area.

[0089] Step S122: Input the shot point delay time and receiver point delay time of the target area into the preset first calculation model to calculate the first shot point static correction amount and the first receiver point static correction amount of the target area.

[0090] Step S123: Determine the refraction static correction based on the static correction of the first shot point and the static correction of the first receiver point.

[0091] Step S210: Use smoothing processing to perform high-frequency separation of the refractive static correction amount in order to determine the high-frequency amount.

[0092] Step S220: Use smoothing processing to perform low-frequency separation on the chromatographic static correction amount in order to determine the low-frequency amount.

[0093] Step S130: The high-frequency amount of the refractive static correction and the low-frequency amount of the chromatographic static correction are fused to generate a fused static correction.

[0094] Step S140: Correct the pre-acquired single shot based on the fused static correction value.

[0095] In this embodiment, determining the static refraction correction amount can achieve static correction of the data, eliminate time deviations caused by velocity changes, and improve the accuracy and interpretability of the data.

[0096] In some implementations, step S120, which involves inputting the first arrival data of a single shot into a preset static correction model to calculate the tomographic static correction amount for the target area, may include steps S124 to S126.

[0097] Step S110: Obtain the first arrival data of a single shot in the target area from the seismic data.

[0098] Step S121: Input the initial arrival data of a single shot into the refraction static correction module in the preset static correction model to generate at least the ray travel time, shot point delay time, receiver point delay time, shot-receiver distance, refraction velocity, surface velocity, and refraction surface depth of the target area.

[0099] Step S122: Input the ray travel time, shot point delay time, receiver delay time, shot-receiver distance, refraction velocity, surface velocity, and refraction surface depth of the target area into the preset first calculation model to calculate the first shot point static correction and the first receiver static correction of the target area.

[0100] Step S123: Determine the refraction static correction based on the static correction of the first shot point and the static correction of the first receiver point.

[0101] Step S124: Input the ray travel time, shot-receiver distance, refraction velocity, surface velocity and refraction surface depth from the first arrival data of a single shot into the tomographic static correction module in the preset static correction model, so as to generate at least the near-surface slowness model matrix, actual travel time, theoretical travel time based on the slowness model, distance matrix related to the model ray path and time difference matrix between actual and theoretical travel time of the target area.

[0102] Step S125: Input the near-surface slowness model matrix, actual travel time, theoretical travel time based on the slowness model, distance matrix related to the model ray path, and time difference matrix between actual and theoretical travel time into the preset second calculation model to calculate the static correction of the second shot point and the static correction of the second receiver point in the target area.

[0103] It should be noted that after generating the near-surface slowness model matrix, actual travel time, theoretical travel time based on the slowness model, distance matrix related to the model ray path, and time difference matrix between actual and theoretical travel time, the above data can be used as inputs to construct a preset second calculation model to generate a prediction model to calculate the static correction of the second shot point and the static correction of the second receiver point in the target area.

[0104] Step S126: Determine the tomographic static correction amount based on the static correction amount of the second shot point and the static correction amount of the second receiver point.

[0105] Step S210: Use smoothing processing to perform high-frequency separation of the refractive static correction amount in order to determine the high-frequency amount.

[0106] Step S220: Use smoothing processing to perform low-frequency separation on the chromatographic static correction amount in order to determine the low-frequency amount.

[0107] Step S130: The high-frequency amount of the refractive static correction and the low-frequency amount of the chromatographic static correction are fused to generate a fused static correction.

[0108] Step S140: Correct the pre-acquired single shot based on the fused static correction value.

[0109] In this embodiment, by inputting the near-surface slowness model matrix, actual travel time, theoretical travel time based on the slowness model, distance matrix related to the model ray path, and time difference matrix between actual and theoretical travel time into a preset second calculation model, the static correction quantities for the second shot point and the second receiver point in the target area can be calculated. These static correction quantities can be used to correct seismic data, eliminate time deviations caused by deep models, and further improve the accuracy and interpretability of seismic data. The tomographic static correction module can derive near-surface wave velocity information from single-shot first-arrival data, forming a near-surface slowness model matrix. This provides velocity information of shallow subsurface structures, which helps in the analysis and interpretation of subsurface structures. Applying the near-surface slowness model matrix to single-shot first-arrival data, the theoretical travel time based on the slowness model can be calculated. Theoretical travel time is the seismic wave propagation time information predicted by the model. The theoretical travel time based on the near-surface slowness model helps to better match actual data and further understand subsurface structures. By calculating the difference between the model ray path and the actual travel time, a distance matrix related to the model ray path and a time difference matrix between actual and theoretical travel time can be generated. These matrices provide comparisons of seismic wave propagation paths and times, which helps in assessing the model's adaptability and accuracy.

[0110] In summary, the seismic data static correction method provided in this embodiment can effectively solve the static correction problem caused by lateral velocity variations. By acquiring the first-arrival data of a single shot in the target area from the seismic data, the first-arrival data of a single shot is input into a preset static correction model to calculate the refractive static correction and tomographic static correction of the target area. The high-frequency quantity of the refractive static correction and the low-frequency quantity of the tomographic static correction are fused to generate a fused static correction quantity. By using the fused static correction technology to combine the high-frequency components of the refractive static correction with the low-frequency quantity of the tomographic static correction, the static correction problem in high-velocity outcrop areas of complex piedmont zones can be effectively solved. Based on the fused static correction quantity, the pre-acquired single shot data is corrected, realizing real-time static correction and fine imaging of the acquired data, thereby ensuring the authenticity of the structural morphology and the accuracy of imaging details. This method effectively solves the static correction problem in complex piedmont zones and provides better basic data for oil and gas exploration in complex piedmont zones.

[0111] Example 2

[0112] Based on Example 1, the following description uses a complex piedmont tectonic zone in a basin as an example, along with accompanying drawings, to further illustrate this application. Please refer to the attached drawings. Figure 2 , Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of an exemplary refractive static correction and tomographic static correction stripping surface proposed in this application. As shown in the figure, the stripping surface of refractive static correction is equal to the inversion depth, resulting in the stripping of high-velocity outcrops near the surface. After stripping, the area is filled with replacement velocity, which is less than the actual shallow surface velocity, thus increasing the travel time of the rays and causing mid-to-long wavelength issues. However, high-frequency components have advantages in imaging. The stripping surface of tomographic static correction is an isovelocity surface, preserving high-velocity outcrops near the surface. It can better control the mid-to-low frequency components of mesoscale tectonic morphology, but the high-frequency components are weaker. Specifically, the practical application process of seismic data static correction methods can include the following steps:

[0113] Step S1: Calculate the static refraction correction for the target region:

[0114] In this step, a refraction static correction module can be used to calculate the static correction amount of the shot point and the static correction amount of the receiver point in the target area based on the input single-shot initial arrival data.

[0115] The formula for calculating the first basic data required is as follows:

[0116] T SR =T S +X / v b +T R ;

[0117]

[0118] In the formula, T SR For the travel time of the ray, T S When the firing point is delayed, T R When the receiver delay is denoted by X, the shot-receiver distance is denoted by v. b v is the refraction velocity. w h is the surface velocity. s The depth of the refractive surface.

[0119] It should be noted that the initial arrival data of a single shot can be input into the refraction static correction module in the preset static correction model to generate the ray travel time, shot point delay time, receiver point delay time, shot-receiver distance, refraction velocity, surface velocity, and refraction surface depth of the target area.

[0120] Specifically, the ray travel time, shot point delay time, receiver point delay time, shot-receiver distance, refraction velocity, surface velocity, and refraction surface depth of the target area are input into a preset first calculation model to calculate the first shot point static correction and the first receiver point static correction of the target area.

[0121] The refraction static correction is determined based on the static correction at the first shot point and the static correction at the first receiver point.

[0122] Step S2: Calculate the tomographic static correction for the target region:

[0123] In this step, a tomographic static correction module can be used to calculate the static correction values ​​for the shot point and receiver point in the target area based on the input single-shot initial arrival data. The calculation formula for the required second basic data is as follows:

[0124]

[0125] AΔS=ΔT;

[0126] In the formula, S is the near-surface slowness model matrix. For actual running time, Let A be the theoretical travel time based on the slowness model, A be the distance matrix related to the model ray path, and ΔT be the time difference matrix between the actual and theoretical travel times.

[0127] It should be noted that the first arrival data of a single shot can be input into the tomographic static correction module in the preset static correction model to generate at least the near-surface slowness model matrix of the target area, the actual travel time, the theoretical travel time based on the slowness model, the distance matrix related to the model ray path, and the time difference matrix between the actual and theoretical travel times.

[0128] The near-surface slowness model matrix, actual travel time, theoretical travel time based on the slowness model, distance matrix related to the model ray path, and time difference matrix between actual and theoretical travel time are input into a preset second calculation model to calculate the static correction of the second shot point and the static correction of the second receiver point in the target area.

[0129] The tomographic static correction is determined based on the static correction at the second shot point and the static correction at the second receiver point.

[0130] Step S3: High- and low-frequency fusion:

[0131] In this step, the high-frequency components of refractive static correction can be fused with the mid-frequency and low-frequency components of chromatographic static correction to generate a new static correction value.

[0132] Among these methods, the refractive static correction and the chromatographic static correction can be separated into high- and low-frequency components through smoothing, as shown in the following expression:

[0133] T1 = T 1high +T 1low ;

[0134] T2 = T 2high +T 2low ;

[0135] In the formula, T1 is the static refraction correction amount, T 1high T is the high-frequency quantity of the static refraction correction. 1low T1 is the low-frequency quantity of the refractive static correction, T2 is the chromatography static correction, and T... 2high T is a high-frequency quantity for chromatography static correction. 2low This is a low-frequency quantity used for static calibration in chromatography.

[0136] The high-frequency quantity of the refractive static correction and the low-frequency quantity of the chromatographic static correction are combined, and the expression is as follows:

[0137] T3 = T 1high +T 2low ;

[0138] T3 is the static correction value for fusion.

[0139] Step S3: Application of static correction.

[0140] The calculated static correction values ​​for shot points and receiver points are applied to the pre-acquired actual single shot data and then superimposed for quality control.

[0141] Please see Figure 3 and Figure 4 , Figure 3 This application provides an exemplary schematic diagram of the fusion of high-frequency quantities in refractive static correction and low-frequency quantities in chromatographic static correction. Figure 4 This application provides an exemplary comparison chart of refractive static correction, chromatographic static correction, and fusion static correction. It can be seen that the fusion static correction combines the advantages of both refractive static correction and chromatographic static correction.

[0142] Please see Figure 5 , Figure 5 This application provides an exemplary superimposed cross-sectional comparison diagram after refractive static correction, tomographic static correction, and fusion static correction, such as... Figure 5 As can be seen, in the superimposed profile with refraction static correction, the overall morphology of the stratigraphy is downward dipped due to the replacement of the near-surface high-velocity outcrop area, making it impossible to obtain the true trend of the stratigraphic structure. However, the high-frequency information in the superimposed profile is relatively rich. In the superimposed profile with tomographic static correction, the overall morphology of the stratigraphy is relatively stable because the near-surface high-velocity outcrop area is preserved, but the high-frequency components in the profile are weak. In the superimposed profile with fusion static correction, the advantages of both refraction static correction and tomographic static correction are combined, the morphology of the stratigraphy is more realistic, and high-frequency information is also preserved.

[0143] Therefore, fusion static correction has a better stacking effect in high-speed outcrop areas of complex piedmont zones, laying a solid data foundation for subsequent migration imaging and oil and gas exploration.

[0144] In this embodiment, by combining the high-frequency quantities of refractive static correction with the mid- and low-frequency quantities of tomographic static correction, the authenticity of the structural morphology of complex piedmont zones and the accuracy of imaging details are ensured through practical application. This method effectively solves the static correction problem of complex piedmont zones and can be used for fine structural imaging of complex piedmont zones, providing better basic data for oil and gas exploration in complex piedmont zones.

[0145] Example 3

[0146] Please see Figure 6 , Figure 6 This application provides a static seismic data correction device 300, which includes: an acquisition module 310, a calculation module 320, a generation module 330, and a correction module 340, wherein:

[0147] The acquisition module 310 is used to acquire the first arrival data of a single shot in the target area of ​​the seismic data.

[0148] The calculation module 320 is used to input the single shot initial arrival data into a preset static correction model to calculate the refraction static correction and tomographic static correction of the target area.

[0149] The generation module 330 is used to fuse the high-frequency quantity of the refractive static correction quantity with the low-frequency quantity of the tomographic static correction quantity to generate a fused static correction quantity.

[0150] The correction module 340 is used to correct the pre-acquired single shot based on the fused static correction amount.

[0151] Optionally, the seismic data static correction device 300 may further include: a first separation module and a second separation module, wherein:

[0152] The first separation module is used to perform high-frequency separation on the refractive static correction amount using smoothing processing to determine the high-frequency amount.

[0153] The second separation module is used to perform low-frequency separation on the chromatographic static correction amount using smoothing processing, so as to determine the low-frequency amount.

[0154] Optionally, the first separation module further includes: a first calculation module, wherein the first calculation module is used to calculate high-frequency quantities using a first calculation formula, the first calculation formula being:

[0155] T1 = T 1high +T 1low ;

[0156] In the formula, T1 is the static refraction correction amount, T 1high T is the high-frequency quantity of the static refraction correction. 1lowThis is the low-frequency quantity of the static correction for refraction.

[0157] Optionally, the second separation module further includes: a second calculation module, wherein the second calculation module is used to calculate the low-frequency quantity using a second calculation formula, the second calculation formula being:

[0158] T2 = T 2high +T 2low ;

[0159] In the formula, T2 is the static correction amount for chromatography, T 2high T is a high-frequency quantity for chromatography static correction. 2low This is a low-frequency quantity used for static calibration in chromatography.

[0160] Optionally, the generation module 330 further includes: a third calculation module, wherein the third calculation module is used to calculate the fused static correction amount using a third calculation formula, the third calculation formula being:

[0161] T3 = T 1high +T 2low ;

[0162] In the formula, T3 is the fusion static correction amount, T 1high T is the high-frequency quantity of the static refraction correction. 2low This is a low-frequency quantity used for static calibration in chromatography.

[0163] Optionally, the calculation module 320 further includes: a static refraction correction calculation module, wherein the static refraction correction calculation module includes: a first generation module, a first correction calculation module, and a static refraction correction determination module, wherein:

[0164] The first generation module is used to input the ray travel time, shot-receiver distance, refraction velocity, surface velocity, and refraction surface depth from the single shot initial arrival data into the refraction static correction module in the preset static correction model, so as to generate at least the shot point delay time and receiver point delay time of the target area.

[0165] The first correction calculation module is used to input the shot point delay time and receiver point delay time of the target area into a preset first calculation model to calculate the first shot point static correction time and the first receiver point static correction time of the target area.

[0166] The refraction static correction determination module is used to determine the refraction static correction based on the first shot point static correction and the first receiver point static correction.

[0167] Optionally, the calculation module 320 further includes: a chromatographic static correction calculation module, wherein the chromatographic static correction calculation module includes: a second generation module, a second correction calculation module, and a chromatographic static correction determination module, wherein:

[0168] The second generation module is used to input the ray travel time, shot-receiver distance, refraction velocity, surface velocity, and refraction surface depth from the first arrival data of the single shot into the tomographic static correction module in the preset static correction model, so as to generate at least the near-surface slowness model matrix, actual travel time, theoretical travel time based on the slowness model, distance matrix related to the model ray path, and time difference matrix between actual and theoretical travel time for the target area.

[0169] The second correction calculation module is used to input the near-surface slowness model matrix, actual travel time, theoretical travel time based on the slowness model, distance matrix related to the model ray path, and time difference matrix between actual and theoretical travel time into a preset second calculation model to calculate the static correction of the second shot point and the static correction of the second receiver point in the target area.

[0170] The tomographic static correction determination module is used to determine the tomographic static correction based on the second shot point static correction and the second receiver point static correction.

[0171] It should be noted that the device embodiments in this application correspond to the aforementioned method embodiments. The specific principles in the device embodiments can be found in the content of the aforementioned method embodiments, and will not be repeated here.

[0172] In the several embodiments provided in this example, the coupling between modules can be electrical, mechanical, or other forms of coupling.

[0173] Furthermore, the functional modules in the various embodiments of the present invention can be integrated into one processing module, or each module can exist physically separately, or two or more modules can be integrated into one module. The integrated modules described above can be implemented in hardware or as software functional modules.

[0174] Example 4

[0175] Please see Figure 7 , Figure 7 The present application provides a structural block diagram of an electronic device 200 that can perform the above-described static correction method for seismic data. The electronic device 200 may be a computer, tablet computer, smartphone, or portable computer.

[0176] The electronic device 200 also includes a processor 202 and a memory 204. The memory 204 stores programs that can execute the contents of the foregoing embodiments, and the processor 202 can execute the programs stored in the memory 204.

[0177] The processor 202 may include one or more cores for data processing and message matrix units. The processor 202 connects to various parts of the electronic device 200 using various interfaces and lines, and performs various functions and processes data by running or executing instructions, programs, code sets, or instruction sets stored in the memory 204, and by calling data stored in the memory 204. Optionally, the processor 202 may be implemented using at least one hardware form of Digital Signal Processing (DSP), Field-Programmable Gate Array (FPGA), or Programmable Logic Array (PLA). The processor 202 may integrate one or more of the following: Central Processing Unit (CPU), Graphics Processing Unit (GPU), and modem / decoder. The CPU primarily handles the operating system, user interface, and applications; the GPU is responsible for rendering and drawing the displayed content; and the modem is used for wireless communication. It is understood that the modem / decoder may also not be integrated into the processor and may be implemented separately through a communication chip.

[0178] Memory 204 may include random access memory (RAM) or read-only memory (ROM). Memory 204 can be used to store instructions, programs, code, code sets, or instruction sets. Memory 204 may include a program storage area and a data storage area, wherein the program storage area may store instructions for implementing an operating system, instructions for implementing at least one function (e.g., instructions for a user to obtain random numbers), instructions for implementing the various method embodiments described below, etc. The data storage area may also store data (e.g., random numbers) created by the terminal during use.

[0179] Electronic device 200 may also include a network module and a screen. The network module is used to receive and transmit electromagnetic waves, converting electromagnetic waves into electrical signals, thereby enabling communication with communication networks or other devices, such as audio playback devices. The network module may include various existing circuit elements used to perform these functions, such as antennas, radio frequency transceivers, digital signal processors, encryption / decryption chips, SIM cards, memory, etc. The network module can communicate with various networks such as the Internet, corporate intranets, and wireless networks, or communicate with other devices via wireless networks. The aforementioned wireless networks may include cellular telephone networks, wireless local area networks, or metropolitan area networks. The screen can display interface content and facilitate data interaction.

[0180] Example 5

[0181] Please refer to Figure 8 This diagram illustrates a structural block diagram of a computer-readable storage medium provided in an embodiment of this application. The computer-readable storage medium 400 stores program code 410, which can be called by a processor to execute the methods described in the above method embodiments.

[0182] The computer-readable storage medium 400 may be an electronic memory such as flash memory, EEPROM (Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory), EPROM, hard disk, or ROM. Optionally, the computer-readable storage medium includes a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium. The computer-readable storage medium 400 has storage space for program code 410 that performs any of the method steps described above. This program code 410 can be read from or written to one or more computer program products. The program code 410 may, for example, be compressed in a suitable form.

[0183] This application also provides a computer program product or computer program that includes computer instructions stored in a computer-readable storage medium. A processor of a computer device reads the computer instructions from the computer-readable storage medium and executes the computer instructions, causing the computer device to perform the seismic data static correction method described in the various optional implementations above.

[0184] In the several embodiments provided in this disclosure, it should be understood that the disclosed methods can also be implemented in other ways. The method embodiments described above are merely illustrative.

[0185] It should be noted that, in this document, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Unless otherwise specified, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes that element.

[0186] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of this application, and are not intended to limit them. Although this application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application.

Claims

1. A method of seismic data statics correction, characterized by, The method comprises: acquiring single-shot first arrival data of a target area in seismic data; inputting the single-shot first arrival data into a preset static correction model to calculate refraction static correction and tomographic static correction of the target area; fusing high-frequency quantity of the refraction static correction and low-frequency quantity of the tomographic static correction to generate fused static correction; correcting pre-acquired single-shot based on the fused static correction; wherein the inputting the single-shot first arrival data into the preset static correction model to calculate the refraction static correction of the target area comprises: inputting ray travel time, offset, refraction velocity, surface velocity and refraction surface depth in the single-shot first arrival data into a refraction static correction module in the preset static correction model to generate at least shot point delay time and receiver point delay time of the target area; inputting the shot point delay time and the receiver point delay time of the target area into a preset first calculation model to calculate first shot point static correction and first receiver point static correction of the target area; determining the refraction static correction based on the first shot point static correction and the first receiver point static correction; wherein the inputting the single-shot first arrival data into the preset static correction model to calculate the tomographic static correction of the target area comprises: inputting ray travel time, offset, refraction velocity, surface velocity and refraction surface depth in the single-shot first arrival data into a tomographic static correction module in the preset static correction model to generate at least near-surface slowness model matrix, actual travel time, theoretical travel time based on the slowness model, distance matrix related to model ray path and time difference matrix of actual and theoretical travel time of the target area; inputting the near-surface slowness model matrix, actual travel time, theoretical travel time based on the slowness model, distance matrix related to model ray path and time difference matrix of actual and theoretical travel time into a preset second calculation model to calculate second shot point static correction and second receiver point static correction of the target area; determining the tomographic static correction based on the second shot point static correction and the second receiver point static correction.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein, Before the fusing high-frequency quantity of the refraction static correction and low-frequency quantity of the tomographic static correction to generate fused static correction, the method further comprises: performing high-frequency separation on the refraction static correction by using smoothing processing to determine the high-frequency quantity; performing low-frequency separation on the tomographic static correction by using smoothing processing to determine the low-frequency quantity.

3. The method of claim 2, wherein, The high-frequency quantity is calculated by using a first calculation formula, and the first calculation formula is: ； wherein is a refractive statics quantity, is a high frequency quantity of the refractive statics quantity, is a low frequency quantity of the refractive statics quantity.

4. The method of claim 2, wherein, The low-frequency quantity is calculated by using a second calculation formula, and the second calculation formula is: ； wherein is a tomographic statics quantity, is a high frequency component of the tomographic statics quantity, is a low frequency component of the tomographic statics quantity.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein, The fused static correction is calculated by using a third calculation formula, and the third calculation formula is: ； wherein is a fusion statics, is a high frequency component of the refractive statics, is a low frequency component of the tomographic statics.

6. A device for static correction of seismic data, characterized in that The device comprises: An acquisition module is configured to acquire single-shot first arrival data of a target region in seismic data; A calculation module is configured to input the single-shot first arrival data into a preset static correction model to calculate a refraction static correction quantity and a tomographic static correction quantity of the target region; A generation module is configured to fuse a high-frequency quantity of the refraction static correction quantity with a low-frequency quantity of the tomographic static correction quantity to generate a fused static correction quantity; A correction module is configured to correct a single shot collected in advance based on the fused static correction quantity; The calculation module is further configured to: input ray travel time, offset, refraction velocity, surface velocity and refraction surface depth in the single-shot first arrival data into a refraction static correction module in the preset static correction model to generate at least shot point delay time and receiver point delay time of the target region; input the shot point delay time and the receiver point delay time of the target region into a preset first calculation model to calculate first shot point static correction quantity and first receiver point static correction quantity of the target region; determine the refraction static correction quantity based on the first shot point static correction quantity and the first receiver point static correction quantity; The calculation module is further configured to: input ray travel time, offset, refraction velocity, surface velocity and refraction surface depth in the single-shot first arrival data into a tomographic static correction module in the preset static correction model to generate at least near-surface slowness model matrix, actual travel time, theoretical travel time based on the slowness model, distance matrix related to model ray path and time difference matrix of actual and theoretical travel time of the target region; input the near-surface slowness model matrix, actual travel time, theoretical travel time based on the slowness model, distance matrix related to model ray path and time difference matrix of actual and theoretical travel time into a preset second calculation model to calculate second shot point static correction quantity and second receiver point static correction quantity of the target region; determine the tomographic static correction quantity based on the second shot point static correction quantity and the second receiver point static correction quantity.

7. An electronic device, comprising: comprise: one or more processors; a memory; one or more programs, wherein the one or more programs are stored in the memory and configured to be executed by the one or more processors, and the one or more programs are configured to perform the method for seismic data static correction according to any one of claims 1-5.

8. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that, The computer readable storage medium stores program code, which can be called and executed by one or more processors to perform the method for seismic data static correction according to any one of claims 1-5.

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