Seismic data noise suppression method, device, equipment, medium and program

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of geophysical exploration, and discloses a seismic data noise suppression method, which comprises the following steps: screening adjacent shot interference from an original single shot record by using a tau-p-q domain sparse inversion method to obtain a primary single shot record; linear interference is screened out from the primary single-shot record in a frequency domain transformation mode, and a secondary single-shot record is obtained; extracting an energy threshold value of the secondary single-shot record by utilizing a frequency division energy statistics mode, and performing primary noise suppression on the secondary single-shot record by utilizing the energy threshold value to obtain a de-noised single-shot record; and respectively extracting a primary effective signal and a surface wave signal from the de-noised single-shot record, extracting a standard single-shot record from the primary effective signal and the surface wave signal by using a frequency division noise automatic identification and attenuation method and an adaptive spectrum editing method, and ending noise suppression. The invention further provides a noise suppression device and equipment for seismic data, a medium and a program. According to the invention, the accuracy of seismic data imaging can be improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of geophysical exploration technology, and in particular to a noise suppression method, device, equipment, medium and program for seismic data. Background Art

[0002] With the development of seismic exploration technology, the application of seismic acquisition by vibrator excitation is becoming more and more widespread. However, vibrator excitation will generate black triangle noise, adjacent shot interference, harmonic interference, surface wave, refracted multiple wave interference, abnormal amplitude noise, linear interference and other noises. These noises seriously reduce the signal-to-noise ratio of seismic data and affect the imaging of weak signals in deep layers. Therefore, it is necessary to suppress the noise of seismic data from vibrator.

[0003] Most of the existing noise suppression technologies for seismic data are based on random noise attenuation. They regard the controllable source noise as abnormal amplitude noise and uniformly perform random noise attenuation to achieve noise suppression. In practical applications, the noise suppression method based on random noise attenuation does not completely remove some noise in the middle and deep layers and damages the effective signal, which is not conducive to improving the signal-to-noise ratio of the data and weak signal imaging, resulting in low accuracy when imaging seismic data. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of the above problems, embodiments of the present invention provide a method, device, equipment, medium and program for noise suppression of seismic data.

[0005] In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for suppressing noise of seismic data, comprising:

[0006] The interference of adjacent shots is screened out from the original single shot record acquired in advance by using the time-inclination angle transformation method to obtain the primary single shot record;

[0007] Using frequency domain transformation to filter out linear interference from the primary single shot record to obtain a secondary single shot record;

[0008] The energy threshold value of the secondary single shot record is extracted by frequency division energy statistics, and the primary noise of the secondary single shot record is suppressed by the energy threshold value to obtain a denoised single shot record;

[0009] Extracting a primary effective signal and a surface wave signal from the denoised single shot record respectively, and generating a secondary effective signal using the denoised single shot record and the surface wave signal;

[0010] A third-level effective signal is calculated according to the first-level effective signal and the surface wave signal, and a standard single-shot record is generated using the second-level effective signal and the third-level effective signal, thereby ending noise suppression.

[0011] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the method of filtering out adjacent shot interference from the pre-acquired original single shot record by means of time tilt angle transformation to obtain the primary single shot record includes:

[0012] Perform time-dip conversion on the original single-shot record acquired in advance to obtain the seismic signal in the time-dip domain;

[0013] Using a sparse constrained inversion method, the interference of adjacent shots is screened out from the time-dip angle domain seismic signal to obtain a standard time-dip angle domain seismic signal;

[0014] The standard time-dip domain seismic signal is subjected to time-dip inverse transformation to obtain a primary single-shot record.

[0015] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the method of using sparse constrained inversion to screen out adjacent shot interference from the time-dip angle domain seismic signal to obtain a standard time-dip angle domain seismic signal includes:

[0016] Decomposing the time-dip angle domain seismic signal by using a preset sparse dictionary to obtain primary sparse coefficients;

[0017] Inverting the primary sparse coefficients by using a sparse constrained inversion method to obtain secondary sparse coefficients;

[0018] A standard sparse coefficient is extracted from the secondary sparse coefficient, and signal reorganization is performed on the standard sparse coefficient to obtain a standard time-dip domain seismic signal.

[0019] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the method of filtering out linear interference from the primary single shot record by frequency domain transformation to obtain a secondary single shot record includes:

[0020] Performing frequency domain transformation on the primary single shot record to obtain a frequency domain seismic signal;

[0021] Extracting linear interference features from the frequency domain seismic signal and generating an interference frequency domain according to the linear interference features;

[0022] Performing frequency domain filtering on the frequency domain seismic signal according to the interference frequency domain to obtain a standard frequency domain seismic signal;

[0023] The standard frequency domain seismic signal is subjected to frequency domain inverse transformation to obtain a secondary single shot record.

[0024] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the method of extracting the energy threshold value of the secondary single shot record by using frequency division energy statistics includes:

[0025] Rearranging the secondary single shot records into spatial single shot records according to a preset channel spatial order;

[0026] Splitting the spatial single shot record into a time window single shot record sequence according to a preset time window;

[0027] Performing multi-frequency energy filtering on the time window single shot record sequence to obtain a multi-frequency signal energy sequence;

[0028] A weighted average calculation is performed on the energy of each frequency signal in the multi-frequency signal energy sequence to obtain an average energy value, and an energy threshold value is generated according to the average energy value.

[0029] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the step of calculating the third-level effective signal based on the first-level effective signal and the surface roll signal includes:

[0030] extracting effective signal energy from the primary effective signal and surface roll energy from the surface roll signal respectively by means of root mean square amplitude statistics;

[0031] Calculating a primary amplitude factor corresponding to the primary effective signal according to the surface roll energy, and calculating a secondary amplitude factor corresponding to the surface roll signal according to the effective signal energy;

[0032] taking the maximum value between the primary amplitude factor and the secondary amplitude factor as the target amplitude factor;

[0033] The surface roll signal is suppressed according to the target amplitude factor to obtain a three-level effective signal.

[0034] In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a noise suppression device for seismic data, characterized in that it includes:

[0035] The adjacent gun suppression module is used to filter out the adjacent gun interference from the original single gun record obtained in advance by using the time tilt angle transformation method to obtain the primary single gun record;

[0036] A linear suppression module, used for filtering out linear interference from the primary single shot record by frequency domain transformation to obtain a secondary single shot record;

[0037] A frequency division suppression module is used to extract the energy threshold value of the secondary single shot record by means of frequency division energy statistics, and use the energy threshold value to perform primary noise suppression on the secondary single shot record to obtain a denoised single shot record;

[0038] A signal decomposition module, used to extract a primary effective signal and a surface wave signal from the denoised single shot record, and generate a secondary effective signal using the denoised single shot record and the surface wave signal;

[0039] The noise suppression module is used to calculate a third-level effective signal according to the first-level effective signal and the surface wave signal, generate a standard single-shot record using the second-level effective signal and the third-level effective signal, and end the noise suppression.

[0040] In a third aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides an electronic device, comprising:

[0041] processor;

[0042] a memory for storing instructions executable by the processor;

[0043] Wherein, the processor is configured to execute the instructions to implement a noise suppression method for seismic data as described in the first aspect above.

[0044] In the fourth aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, which, when executed by a processor, implements a noise suppression method for seismic data as described in the first aspect.

[0045] In a fifth aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a computer program, which, when executed by a processor, implements a noise suppression method for seismic data as described in the first aspect.

[0046] Compared with the prior art, the above technical solution of the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0047] Most of the existing noise suppression technologies for seismic data are noise suppression methods based on random noise attenuation, which regard the controllable source noise as abnormal amplitude noise and uniformly perform random noise attenuation to achieve noise suppression. However, some noise in the middle and deep layers is not completely removed and effective signals are damaged, which is not conducive to improving the signal-to-noise ratio and weak signal imaging of the data, resulting in low accuracy when imaging seismic data. This invention uses sparse constrained inversion to produce edge sparse results in the original single-shot record, and then separates the noise of adjacent shot interference; uses frequency domain transformation to extract the characteristics of linear noise from the primary single-shot record, and then separates the noise of linear interference; uses frequency division energy statistics to extract the secondary single-shot record The energy threshold value of the shot record is used to determine the abnormal amplitude, harmonic interference and black triangle noise according to the energy threshold value combined with the spatial and frequency distribution of energy in the single shot record, and the abnormal amplitude, harmonic interference and black triangle noise are suppressed. The surface wave energy is suppressed to the same level as the effective signal energy through the adaptive spectrum editing method, which greatly attenuates the surface wave while retaining part of the effective signal in the original surface wave, so as to achieve the purpose of suppressing the surface wave; the noise suppression method of the present invention can more reliably remove noise and suppress various noises such as black triangle noise, adjacent shot interference, harmonic interference, surface wave, refracted multiple wave interference, abnormal amplitude noise, linear interference, etc., and provide more reliable seismic data imaging for geophysical survey. Therefore, the noise suppression method, device, equipment and medium of seismic data proposed by the present invention can solve the problem of low accuracy when performing seismic data imaging. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0048] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0049] Figure 1 A flowchart showing the noise suppression method for seismic data according to the first embodiment of the present invention is shown;

[0050] Figure 2 A comparison diagram of the interference noise of adjacent guns in the first embodiment of the present invention is shown, wherein: Figure 2 a is a single shot record diagram in which neighboring shot interference appears in the original single shot record, Figure 2 b is a single shot record diagram in which interference from adjacent shots is removed from the primary single shot record;

[0051] Figure 3 A linear interference noise comparison diagram of the first embodiment of the present invention is shown, wherein: Figure 3 a is a single shot record diagram in which linear interference appears in the primary single shot record, Figure 3 b is a single shot record diagram with linear interference removed from the secondary single shot record;

[0052] Figure 4 A comparison diagram of harmonic interference noise according to the first embodiment of the present invention is shown, wherein: Figure 4 a is a single shot record diagram in which harmonic interference noise appears in the secondary single shot record, Figure 4 b is a single shot record diagram in which harmonic interference noise is removed from the denoised single shot record, Figure 4 c is a single shot record diagram of harmonic interference noise in the secondary single shot record;

[0053] Figure 5 The abnormal amplitude noise comparison diagram of the first embodiment of the present invention is shown, wherein: Figure 5 a is a single shot record diagram in which abnormal amplitude noise appears in the secondary single shot record, Figure 5 b is a single shot record diagram in which abnormal amplitude noise is removed from the denoised single shot record, Figure 5 c is a single shot record diagram of abnormal amplitude noise in the secondary single shot record;

[0054] Figure 6 A black triangle noise comparison diagram of the first embodiment of the present invention is shown, wherein: Figure 6 a is a single shot record diagram in which black triangle noise appears in the secondary single shot record, Figure 6 b is a single shot record diagram in which black triangle noise is removed from the denoised single shot record. Figure 6 c is a single shot record diagram of black triangle noise in the secondary single shot record;

[0055] Figure 7 The surface wave signal-noise comparison diagram of the first embodiment of the present invention is shown, wherein: Figure 7 a is a single shot record diagram in which surface wave signal noise appears in the denoised single shot record, Figure 7 b is a single shot record diagram in which the surface wave signal noise is removed from the standard single shot record. Figure 7 c is a single shot record diagram of surface wave signal noise in the secondary single shot record;

[0056] Figure 8 A functional module diagram showing a noise suppression device for seismic data according to a second embodiment of the present invention;

[0057] Fig. 9 A schematic diagram of the structure of an electronic device for implementing the noise suppression method for seismic data according to the third embodiment of the present invention is shown. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0058] The present disclosure is further described below in conjunction with the embodiments shown in the accompanying drawings.

[0059] It should be noted that, in the absence of conflict, the embodiments and features in the embodiments of the present application can be combined with each other. The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and in combination with the embodiments.

[0060] The present invention proposes a noise suppression method for seismic data based on geological exploration technology, which obtains seismic data by using controllable source seismic acquisition, eliminates adjacent shot interference from the seismic data by using a τ-pq domain sparse inversion method, eliminates linear interference from the seismic data by using a three-dimensional Fourier transform method, eliminates abnormal amplitude, harmonic interference and black triangle noise from the seismic data by using a frequency division noise automatic identification and attenuation method and an energy statistical weighting method, and suppresses surface wave signals in the seismic data by using an adaptive spectrum editing method, so as to achieve targeted noise suppression and establish seismic data images with higher accuracy and stronger imaging precision.

[0061] Embodiment 1

[0062] like Figure 1 As shown, the present invention proposes a noise suppression method for seismic data, comprising the following steps:

[0063] S1. Use the time-inclination angle transformation method to filter out the interference of adjacent shots from the original single-shot record obtained in advance to obtain the primary single-shot record.

[0064] In the embodiment of the present invention, the original single shot record refers to the single shot record (ShotRecord) initially obtained in seismic exploration. The single shot record means that in seismic exploration, in order to obtain information about underground strata, a shot point as a source and a detector as a receiver are usually set on the ground. The shot point is a location for generating source energy, and the detector is used to record the seismic wave signal reflected from the underground. The single shot record refers to a group of received seismic signals recorded at a specific shot point location.

[0065] In detail, when a shot point generates a seismic wave signal, the signals of other shot points will also affect the signals recorded by the receiver, thereby generating adjacent shot interference. In order to eliminate adjacent shot interference in seismic data and reduce the impact of adjacent shot interference on the imaging and analysis of underground strata, it is necessary to use the time-inclination angle transformation method to filter out adjacent shot interference from the pre-acquired original single shot record and obtain a primary single shot record.

[0066] In the embodiment of the present invention, the method of using the time tilt angle transformation to filter out the interference of adjacent shots from the original single shot record acquired in advance to obtain the primary single shot record includes:

[0067] Perform time-dip conversion on the original single-shot record acquired in advance to obtain the seismic signal in the time-dip domain;

[0068] Using a sparse constrained inversion method, the interference of adjacent shots is screened out from the time-dip angle domain seismic signal to obtain a standard time-dip angle domain seismic signal;

[0069] The standard time-dip domain seismic signal is subjected to time-dip inverse transformation to obtain a primary single-shot record.

[0070] Specifically, the time-dip angle transform refers to the τ-p transform (Tau-p Transform), which is a mathematical transformation method commonly used in seismic data processing, and can convert seismic data from the t domain in the time domain to the τ-p domain (Tau-pDomain). The τ-p domain is a coordinate system composed of time delay τ and dip angle p, which is used to represent the spectral characteristics of seismic data. In the τ-p domain, the distribution of seismic signals under different time delays and dip angles can be more clearly seen. The time-dip angle inverse transform refers to the τ-p inverse transform.

[0071] In detail, the method of using sparse constrained inversion to screen out adjacent shot interference from the time-dip angle domain seismic signal to obtain a standard time-dip angle domain seismic signal includes:

[0072] Decomposing the time-dip angle domain seismic signal by using a preset sparse dictionary to obtain primary sparse coefficients;

[0073] Inverting the primary sparse coefficients by using a sparse constrained inversion method to obtain secondary sparse coefficients;

[0074] A standard sparse coefficient is extracted from the secondary sparse coefficient, and signal reorganization is performed on the standard sparse coefficient to obtain a standard time-dip domain seismic signal.

[0075] In detail, the sparse dictionary is a key concept in sparse representation, which is a set consisting of a set of basis vectors, used to represent the signal as a linear combination of these basis vectors. The primary sparse coefficient is the weight of each basis vector of the time-inclination domain seismic signal in the coefficient dictionary. The sparse constrained inversion is a method for signal processing, data analysis and imaging, which aims to recover the original signal or image from part of the observed data, and assumes that the original signal or image is sparse in a certain specific representation. The secondary sparse coefficient is the value of the primary sparse coefficient after filtering the data residual, and the standard sparse coefficient is the valid signal value in the secondary sparse coefficient.

[0076] Specifically, refer to Figure 2 As shown, it is a single shot record comparison diagram of the original single shot record and the primary single shot record. It can be found that the interference of adjacent shots is basically removed, among which, Figure 2 a is a single shot record diagram in which neighboring shot interference appears in the original single shot record, Figure 2b is a single shot record diagram in which interference from adjacent shots is removed from the primary single shot record.

[0077] In an embodiment of the present invention, the interference of adjacent shots is screened out from the original single shot record acquired in advance by utilizing the time tilt angle transformation method to obtain a primary single shot record. The sparse constrained inversion method can be used to produce an edge sparse result in the original single shot record, thereby separating the adjacent shot noise and improving the accuracy of removing the adjacent shot noise.

[0078] S2. Using frequency domain transformation to filter out linear interference from the primary single shot record to obtain a secondary single shot record.

[0079] In the embodiment of the present invention, in the process of recording seismic signals, the recorded single-shot data are often interfered with by electromagnetic interference from cables, electrical appliances and other equipment, signal distortion, signal drift and other equipment problems from the seismograph itself, and environmental noise from traffic, wind or human activities. This can be described by a linear model and is called linear interference. In order to ensure the data accuracy of the single-shot recording, it is necessary to use frequency domain transformation to filter out linear interference from the primary single-shot record to obtain a secondary single-shot record.

[0080] In the embodiment of the present invention, the method of filtering out linear interference from the primary single shot record by frequency domain transformation to obtain the secondary single shot record includes:

[0081] Performing frequency domain transformation on the primary single shot record to obtain a frequency domain seismic signal;

[0082] Extracting linear interference features from the frequency domain seismic signal and generating an interference frequency domain according to the linear interference features;

[0083] Performing frequency domain filtering on the frequency domain seismic signal according to the interference frequency domain to obtain a standard frequency domain seismic signal;

[0084] The standard frequency domain seismic signal is subjected to frequency domain inverse transformation to obtain a secondary single shot record.

[0085] In detail, the primary single-shot record can be transformed in the frequency domain using a three-dimensional Fourier transform method to obtain a frequency domain seismic signal. The linear interference feature is a frequency domain feature that is abnormally distributed within a specific frequency range in the frequency domain seismic signal. The frequency domain feature can be the mean, variance, skewness or kurtosis of the frequency domain, etc. Generating an interference frequency domain based on the linear interference feature means using the frequency and range corresponding to the linear interference feature as the interference frequency domain.

[0086] Specifically, the frequency domain filtering of the frequency domain seismic signal according to the interference frequency domain to obtain a standard frequency domain seismic signal refers to using a frequency domain filter to frequency domain filter the signal of the interference frequency domain in the frequency domain seismic signal to obtain a standard frequency domain seismic signal, and the frequency domain inverse transform refers to a three-dimensional Fourier inverse transform.

[0087] For details, refer to Figure 3 As shown, it is a single shot record comparison diagram of the primary single shot record and the secondary single shot record. It can be found that the linear interference in the box area is basically removed, among which, Figure 3 a is a single shot record diagram in which linear interference appears in the primary single shot record, Figure 3 b is a single shot record diagram with linear interference removed from the secondary single shot record.

[0088] In an embodiment of the present invention, linear interference is filtered out from the primary single-shot record by utilizing frequency domain transformation to obtain a secondary single-shot record. This can filter out linear interference caused by electromagnetic interference, cable crosstalk, equipment problems, environmental noise, or cable failures in the primary single-shot record, thereby reducing the noise in the single-shot record and improving the accuracy of the single-shot record.

[0089] S3. Extracting an energy threshold value of the secondary single shot record by means of frequency division energy statistics, and performing primary noise suppression on the secondary single shot record by using the energy threshold value to obtain a denoised single shot record.

[0090] In the embodiment of the present invention, the secondary single shot record still has abnormal amplitude, harmonic interference and black triangle noise caused by signal distortion, instrument problems or other problems. In order to remove these signal noises, it is necessary to use the energy threshold value to perform primary noise suppression on the secondary single shot record to obtain a denoised single shot record, wherein the black triangle noise is a special type of noise in seismic data, usually referring to a noise component that appears in a shape similar to a black triangle in a spectrum diagram, and the energy value threshold refers to the amplitude energy threshold point in the secondary single shot record, and the amplitude and energy exceeding the energy value threshold are regarded as signal noise in the secondary single shot record.

[0091] In the embodiment of the present invention, the energy threshold value of the secondary single shot record is extracted by using frequency division energy statistics, including:

[0092] Rearranging the secondary single shot records into spatial single shot records according to a preset channel spatial order;

[0093] Splitting the spatial single shot record into a time window single shot record sequence according to a preset time window;

[0094] Performing multi-frequency energy filtering on the time window single shot record sequence to obtain a multi-frequency signal energy sequence;

[0095] A weighted average calculation is performed on the energy of each frequency signal in the multi-frequency signal energy sequence to obtain an average energy value, and an energy threshold value is generated according to the average energy value.

[0096] In detail, the channel spatial order refers to the spatial distance order corresponding to the recording information of each channel in the secondary single-shot record. By rearranging the secondary single-shot records into spatial single-shot records according to the preset channel spatial order, the strong noise in the seismic data can be extracted more clearly, thereby improving the efficiency of noise removal.

[0097] Specifically, the time window refers to a time domain window of a fixed time period, the multi-frequency signal energy sequence refers to the signal energy value of the time window single-shot recording sequence at different frequencies, and the time window single-shot recording sequence can be energy filtered using signal filters of different frequencies to obtain a multi-frequency signal energy sequence, the weighted average calculation of the energy of each frequency signal in the multi-frequency signal energy sequence to obtain the average energy value refers to calculating the weighted average of the energy value of each frequency signal in the multi-frequency signal energy sequence and the time window proportion to obtain the average energy value, and generating an energy threshold value based on the average energy value refers to taking the product of the average energy value and a preset threshold coefficient as the energy threshold value, and the threshold coefficient can be 1 or 1.5.

[0098] Specifically, the use of the energy threshold value to perform primary noise suppression on the secondary single-shot record to obtain a denoised single-shot record refers to energy interpolation or screening of amplitude energy greater than the energy threshold value in the secondary single-shot record. By using the energy threshold value to perform primary noise suppression on the secondary single-shot record to obtain a denoised single-shot record, abnormal amplitude noise, harmonic interference noise and black triangle noise in the secondary single-shot record can be removed.

[0099] For details, refer to Figure 4 As shown, it is a single shot record diagram in which the harmonic interference noise in the secondary single shot record is removed by using the energy threshold value, wherein: Figure 4 a is a single shot record diagram in which harmonic interference noise appears in the secondary single shot record, Figure 4 b is a single shot record diagram in which harmonic interference noise is removed from the denoised single shot record, Figure 4 c is a single shot record diagram of harmonic interference noise in the secondary single shot record.

[0100] Specifically, refer to Figure 5 As shown in FIG. 1 , it is a single shot record diagram in which the abnormal amplitude noise in the secondary single shot record is removed by using the energy threshold value, wherein: Figure 5 a is a single shot record diagram in which abnormal amplitude noise appears in the secondary single shot record, Figure 5 b is a single shot record diagram in which abnormal amplitude noise is removed from the denoised single shot record, Figure 5 c is a single shot record diagram of abnormal amplitude noise in the secondary single shot record.

[0101] For details, refer to Figure 6 As shown, it is a single shot record diagram in which the black triangle noise in the secondary single shot record is removed by using the energy threshold value, wherein: Figure 6 a is a single shot record diagram in which black triangle noise appears in the secondary single shot record, Figure 6 b is a single shot record diagram in which black triangle noise is removed from the denoised single shot record. Figure 6 c is a single shot record diagram of black triangle noise in the secondary single shot record.

[0102] In an embodiment of the present invention, the energy threshold value of the secondary single shot record is extracted by utilizing frequency division energy statistics, and the primary noise of the secondary single shot record is suppressed by utilizing the energy threshold value to obtain a denoised single shot record. The abnormal amplitude, harmonic interference and black triangle noise can be determined in combination with the spatial and frequency distribution of energy in the single shot record, and the abnormal amplitude, harmonic interference and black triangle noise are suppressed, thereby improving the clarity and accuracy of the seismic data.

[0103] S4. Extracting a primary effective signal and a surface roll signal from the denoised single shot record respectively, and generating a secondary effective signal using the denoised single shot record and the surface roll signal.

[0104] In the embodiment of the present invention, the primary effective signal refers to the effective signal (BodyWave) in the denoised single-shot record. The effective signal is a signal generated when the seismic wave propagates, reflects and refracts in the underground strata. The surface wave signal is the surface wave (Surface Wave) in the denoised single-shot record and a part of the weak effective signal. The surface wave is a seismic wave whose energy propagates along the surface of the earth. Surface waves usually have a lower frequency and a longer wavelength, and therefore appear as relatively long period oscillations in seismic records.

[0105] In an embodiment of the present invention, respectively extracting a primary effective signal and a surface roll signal from the denoised single shot record comprises: performing high-pass filtering on the denoised single shot record to obtain a primary effective signal; and performing low-pass filtering on the denoised single shot record to obtain a surface roll signal.

[0106] In detail, the denoised single-shot record can be high-pass filtered using filters such as Butterworth and Chebyshev to obtain a primary effective signal, and the denoised single-shot record can be low-pass filtered to obtain a surface roll signal. The secondary effective signal is the remaining weak effective signal in the surface roll signal. The generation of the secondary effective signal using the denoised single-shot record and the surface roll signal refers to subtracting the surface roll signal from the denoised single-shot record to obtain the secondary effective signal.

[0107] In the embodiment of the present invention, by respectively extracting the primary effective signal and the surface roll signal from the denoised single shot record, and generating the secondary effective signal using the denoised single shot record and the surface roll signal, the surface roll signal and the effective signal can be separated, which facilitates the subsequent suppression of the energy in the surface roll, thereby achieving noise suppression.

[0108] S5. Calculate a third-level effective signal according to the first-level effective signal and the surface wave signal, generate a standard single-shot record using the second-level effective signal and the third-level effective signal, and end noise suppression.

[0109] In the embodiment of the present invention, there is noise in the surface roll part in the denoised single-shot record. In order to remove the surface roll noise, it is necessary to suppress the surface roll noise. The third-level effective signal refers to the surface roll energy signal after energy suppression. Generally, the surface roll energy and the energy of the effective signal are not at the same order of magnitude, and the surface roll energy is much stronger than the energy of the effective signal. In order to suppress the surface roll energy and improve the accuracy of noise suppression, it is necessary to calculate the third-level effective signal based on the first-level effective signal and the surface roll signal, and suppress the surface roll energy to the same level as the effective signal energy, thereby achieving the purpose of suppressing the surface roll.

[0110] In the embodiment of the present invention, the step of calculating the third-level effective signal according to the first-level effective signal and the surface roll signal includes:

[0111] extracting effective signal energy from the primary effective signal and surface roll energy from the surface roll signal respectively by means of root mean square amplitude statistics;

[0112] Calculating a primary amplitude factor corresponding to the primary effective signal according to the surface roll energy, and calculating a secondary amplitude factor corresponding to the surface roll signal according to the effective signal energy;

[0113] taking the maximum value between the primary amplitude factor and the secondary amplitude factor as the target amplitude factor;

[0114] The surface roll signal is suppressed according to the target amplitude factor to obtain a three-level effective signal.

[0115] Specifically, the RMS amplitude statistics is a statistical method used to measure the amplitude of a signal. The amplitude energy of the signal is obtained by calculating the square root of the square average of the amplitude of the signal within a certain time window. The RMS amplitude statistics is often used in signal processing, seismic exploration, vibration analysis and other fields to evaluate the strength or amplitude change of the signal.

[0116] In detail, calculating the first-level amplitude factor corresponding to the first-level effective signal according to the surface roll energy and calculating the second-level amplitude factor corresponding to the surface roll signal according to the effective signal energy means calculating the values ​​of the first-level amplitude factor and the second-level amplitude factor when the product of the first-level effective signal and the first-level amplitude factor is equal to the product of the surface roll signal and the second-level amplitude factor.

[0117] In detail, suppressing the surface roll signal according to the target amplitude factor to obtain a three-level effective signal means dividing the surface roll signal by the target amplitude factor to obtain a three-level effective signal, and generating a standard single-shot record using the secondary effective signal and the tertiary effective signal means adding the third-level effective signal back to the third-level effective signal to obtain a standard single-shot record.

[0118] For details, refer to Figure 7 As shown, it is a single shot record diagram of the surface wave signal noise in the denoised single shot record before and after the noise suppression, wherein: Figure 7 a is a single shot record diagram in which surface wave signal noise appears in the denoised single shot record, Figure 7 b is a single shot record diagram in which the surface wave signal noise is removed from the standard single shot record. Figure 7 c is a single shot record diagram of the surface wave signal noise in the secondary single shot record.

[0119] In an embodiment of the present invention, by calculating a third-level effective signal based on the first-level effective signal and the surface roll signal, the surface roll signal can be subjected to noise suppression according to the energy of the effective signal. By using the second-level effective signal and the third-level effective signal to generate a standard single-shot record and ending the noise suppression, the surface roll noise in the denoised single-shot record can be removed, thereby improving the imaging accuracy of the seismic data.

[0120] The embodiment of the present invention uses the time-inclination angle transformation method to filter out the adjacent shot interference from the original single shot record obtained in advance to obtain the primary single shot record, and can use the sparse constraint inversion method to generate edge sparse results in the original single shot record, thereby separating the adjacent shot noise and improving the accuracy of removing the adjacent shot noise; by using the frequency domain transformation method to filter out the linear interference from the primary single shot record to obtain the secondary single shot record, the linear interference caused by electromagnetic interference, cable crosstalk, equipment problems, environmental noise or cable failure in the primary single shot record can be filtered out, thereby reducing the noise in the single shot record and improving the accuracy of the single shot record; by using the frequency division energy statistics method to extract the energy threshold value of the secondary single shot record, the energy threshold value is used to suppress the primary noise of the secondary single shot record to obtain the denoised single shot record, and the abnormal amplitude, harmonic interference and black triangle noise can be determined in combination with the spatial and frequency distribution of energy in the single shot record, and the abnormal amplitude, harmonic interference and black triangle noise are suppressed, thereby improving the clarity and accuracy of seismic data;

[0121] By respectively extracting the primary effective signal and the surface wave signal from the denoised single-shot record, and using the denoised single-shot record and the surface wave signal to generate the secondary effective signal, the surface wave signal and the effective signal can be separated, which is convenient for the subsequent suppression of the energy in the surface wave, thereby realizing noise suppression; by calculating the tertiary effective signal based on the primary effective signal and the surface wave signal, the surface wave signal can be subjected to noise suppression according to the energy size of the effective signal, and by using the secondary effective signal and the tertiary effective signal to generate a standard single-shot record, the noise suppression is terminated, and the surface wave noise in the denoised single-shot record can be removed, thereby improving the imaging accuracy of the seismic data. Therefore, the noise suppression method for seismic data proposed in the present invention can solve the problem of low accuracy when imaging seismic data.

[0122] Embodiment 2

[0123] like Figure 8 As shown, this embodiment also provides a functional module diagram of a noise suppression device for seismic data.

[0124] The noise suppression device 100 for seismic data described in this embodiment can be installed in an electronic device. According to the functions to be implemented, the noise suppression device 100 for seismic data can include an adjacent shot suppression module 101, a linear suppression module 102, a frequency division suppression module 103, a signal decomposition module 104 and a noise suppression module 105. The module described in the present invention can also be called a unit, which refers to a series of computer program segments that can be executed by an electronic device processor and can complete fixed functions, which are stored in the memory of the electronic device.

[0125] In this embodiment, the functions of each module / unit are as follows:

[0126] The adjacent shot suppression module 101 is used to filter out adjacent shot interference from the original single shot record acquired in advance by means of time tilt angle transformation to obtain a primary single shot record;

[0127] The linear suppression module 102 is used to filter out linear interference from the primary single shot record by frequency domain transformation to obtain a secondary single shot record;

[0128] The frequency division suppression module 103 is used to extract the energy threshold value of the secondary single shot record by means of frequency division energy statistics, and use the energy threshold value to perform primary noise suppression on the secondary single shot record to obtain a denoised single shot record;

[0129] The signal decomposition module 104 is used to extract the primary effective signal and the surface roll signal from the denoised single shot record, and generate the secondary effective signal by using the denoised single shot record and the surface roll signal;

[0130] The noise suppression module 105 is used to calculate a third-level effective signal according to the first-level effective signal and the surface wave signal, generate a standard single-shot record using the second-level effective signal and the third-level effective signal, and end noise suppression.

[0131] In detail, each module described in the noise suppression device 100 for seismic data described in the embodiment of the present invention adopts the same technical means as the noise suppression method for seismic data described in Example 1 when used, and can produce the same technical effects, which will not be repeated here.

[0132] Embodiment 3

[0133] like Fig. 9 As shown, this embodiment also provides a computer electronic device, which may include a processor 10, a memory 11, a communication bus 12 and a communication interface 13, and may also include a computer program stored in the memory 11 and executable on the processor 10, such as a noise suppression program for seismic data.

[0134] In some embodiments, the processor 10 may be composed of an integrated circuit, for example, a single packaged integrated circuit, or a plurality of packaged integrated circuits with the same or different functions, including one or more central processing units (CPUs), microprocessors, digital processing chips, graphics processors, and combinations of various control chips. The processor 10 is the control core (ControlUnit) of the electronic device, and uses various interfaces and lines to connect various components of the entire electronic device, and executes or executes programs or modules stored in the memory 11 (for example, executing noise suppression programs for seismic data, etc.), and calls data stored in the memory 11 to execute various functions of the electronic device and process data.

[0135] The memory 11 includes at least one type of readable storage medium, and the readable storage medium includes flash memory, mobile hard disk, multimedia card, card-type memory (for example: SD or DX memory, etc.), magnetic memory, disk, optical disk, etc. In some embodiments, the memory 11 can be an internal storage unit of an electronic device, such as a mobile hard disk of the electronic device. In other embodiments, the memory 11 can also be an external storage device of an electronic device, such as a plug-in mobile hard disk, a smart memory card (Smart Media Card, SMC), a secure digital (Secure Digital, SD) card, a flash card (Flash Card), etc. equipped on the electronic device. Further, the memory 11 can also include both an internal storage unit of the electronic device and an external storage device. The memory 11 can not only be used to store application software and various types of data installed in the electronic device, such as the code of the noise suppression program of the seismic data, but also can be used to temporarily store data that has been output or is to be output.

[0136] The communication bus 12 may be a peripheral component interconnect (PCI) bus or an extended industry standard architecture (EISA) bus, etc. The bus may be divided into an address bus, a data bus, a control bus, etc. The bus is configured to realize connection and communication between the memory 11 and at least one processor 10, etc.

[0137] The communication interface 13 is used for communication between the above-mentioned electronic device and other devices, including a network interface and a user interface. Optionally, the network interface may include a wired interface and / or a wireless interface (such as a WI-FI interface, a Bluetooth interface, etc.), which is generally used to establish a communication connection between the electronic device and other electronic devices. The user interface may be a display (Display), an input unit (such as a keyboard (Keyboard)), and optionally, the user interface may also be a standard wired interface, a wireless interface. Optionally, in some embodiments, the display may be an LED display, a liquid crystal display, a touch-sensitive liquid crystal display, and an OLED (Organic Light-Emitting Diode, organic light-emitting diode) touch device, etc. Among them, the display may also be appropriately referred to as a display screen or a display unit, which is used to display information processed in the electronic device and to display a visual user interface.

[0138] The figure only shows an electronic device with components. Those skilled in the art will understand that the structure shown in the figure does not constitute a limitation on the electronic device, and may include fewer or more components than shown in the figure, or combine certain components, or arrange the components differently.

[0139] For example, although not shown, the electronic device may also include a power source (such as a battery) for supplying power to each component. Preferably, the power source may be logically connected to the at least one processor 10 through a power management device, so that the power management device can realize functions such as charging management, discharging management, and power consumption management. The power source may also include one or more DC or AC power sources, recharging devices, power failure detection circuits, power converters or inverters, power status indicators, and other arbitrary components. The electronic device may also include a variety of sensors, Bluetooth modules, Wi-Fi modules, etc., which will not be repeated here.

[0140] It should be understood that the embodiment is for illustration only and the scope of the patent application is not limited to this structure.

[0141] The noise suppression program of seismic data stored in the memory 11 in the electronic device is a combination of multiple instructions, and when running in the processor 10, it can achieve:

[0142] The interference of adjacent shots is screened out from the original single shot record acquired in advance by using the time-inclination angle transformation method to obtain the primary single shot record;

[0143] Using frequency domain transformation to filter out linear interference from the primary single shot record to obtain a secondary single shot record;

[0144] The energy threshold value of the secondary single shot record is extracted by frequency division energy statistics, and the primary noise of the secondary single shot record is suppressed by the energy threshold value to obtain a denoised single shot record;

[0145] Extracting a primary effective signal and a surface wave signal from the denoised single shot record respectively, and generating a secondary effective signal using the denoised single shot record and the surface wave signal;

[0146] A third-level effective signal is calculated according to the first-level effective signal and the surface wave signal, and a standard single-shot record is generated using the second-level effective signal and the third-level effective signal, thereby ending noise suppression.

[0147] Specifically, the specific implementation method of the processor 10 for the above instructions can refer to the description of the relevant steps in the corresponding embodiment of the accompanying drawings, which will not be repeated here.

[0148] Furthermore, if the module / unit integrated in the electronic device is implemented in the form of a software functional unit and sold or used as an independent product, it can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. The computer-readable storage medium can be volatile or non-volatile. For example, the computer-readable medium may include: any entity or device capable of carrying the computer program code, a recording medium, a USB flash drive, a mobile hard disk, a magnetic disk, an optical disk, a computer memory, and a read-only memory (ROM).

[0149] Embodiment 4

[0150] This embodiment provides a storage medium storing a computer program. When the computer program is executed by a processor, the steps of the noise suppression method for seismic data as described above are implemented.

[0151] These program codes can also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing device so that a series of operation steps are executed on the computer or other programmable device to produce a computer-implemented process, thereby providing instructions executed on the computer or other programmable device for implementing the process. Figure 1 The steps of a specified function in a process or multiple processes.

[0152] Storage media include permanent and non-permanent, removable and non-removable media, and can be implemented by any method or technology to store information. Information can be computer-readable instructions, data structures, modules of programs or other data. Examples of storage media can include, but are not limited to, phase change memory (PRAM), static random access memory (SRAM), dynamic random access memory (DRAM), other types of random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), flash memory or other memory technology, compact disk read-only memory (CD-ROM), digital versatile disk (DVD) or other optical storage, magnetic cassettes, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices or any other non-transmission medium that can be used to store information that can be accessed by a computing device.

[0153] Embodiment 5

[0154] An embodiment of the present invention provides a computer program, which, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of a noise suppression method for seismic data as described in the first aspect above.

[0155] These computer-readable program instructions can be provided to a processor of a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, or other programmable data processing device, thereby producing a machine, so that when these instructions are executed by the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing device, a device that implements the functions / actions specified in one or more boxes in the flowchart and / or block diagram is generated. These computer programs can also be stored in a computer-readable storage medium, which enables the computer, programmable data processing device, and / or other equipment to work in a specific manner, so that the computer-readable medium storing the computer program includes a manufactured product, which includes instructions for implementing various aspects of the functions / actions specified in one or more boxes in the flowchart and / or block diagram.

[0156] It should be noted that the terms used herein are only for describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit the exemplary embodiments according to the present application. When the terms "include" and / or "include" are used in this specification, they indicate the presence of features, steps, operations, devices, components and / or their combinations.

[0157] It is to be understood that the terms so used are interchangeable under appropriate circumstances such that the embodiments of the application described herein are, for example, capable of operation in sequences other than those illustrated or described herein.

[0158] In the several embodiments provided by the present invention, it should be understood that the disclosed devices, apparatuses and methods can be implemented in other ways. For example, the device embodiments described above are only schematic, for example, the division of the modules is only a logical function division, and there may be other division methods in actual implementation.

[0159] The modules described as separate components may or may not be physically separated, and the components shown as modules may or may not be physical units, that is, they may be located in one place or distributed on multiple network units. Some or all of the modules may be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution of this embodiment.

[0160] In addition, each functional module in each embodiment of the present invention may be integrated into one processing unit, each unit may exist physically separately, or two or more units may be integrated into one unit. The above-mentioned integrated unit may be implemented in the form of hardware or in the form of hardware plus software functional modules.

[0161] It is obvious to those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the details of the above exemplary embodiments, and that the present invention can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics of the present invention.

[0162] Therefore, no matter from which point of view, the embodiments should be regarded as illustrative and non-restrictive, and the scope of the present invention is limited by the appended claims rather than the above description, so it is intended that all changes falling within the meaning and scope of the equivalent elements of the claims are included in the present invention. Any attached figure mark in the claims should not be regarded as limiting the claims involved.

[0163] The embodiments of the present application can acquire and process relevant data based on artificial intelligence technology. Among them, artificial intelligence (AI) is the theory, method, technology and application system that uses digital computers or machines controlled by digital computers to simulate, extend and expand human intelligence, perceive the environment, acquire knowledge and use knowledge to obtain the best results.

[0164] In addition, it is clear that the word "comprising" does not exclude other units or steps, and the singular does not exclude the plural. Multiple units or devices stated in the system claim can also be implemented by one unit or device through software or hardware. The words first, second, etc. are used to indicate names, and do not indicate any particular order.

[0165] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that the technical solution of the present invention can be modified or replaced by equivalents without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims

1. A noise suppression method for seismic data, characterized in that: The method comprises: The interference of adjacent shots is screened out from the original single shot record acquired in advance by using the time-inclination angle transformation method to obtain the primary single shot record; Using frequency domain transformation to filter out linear interference from the primary single shot record to obtain a secondary single shot record; The energy threshold value of the secondary single shot record is extracted by frequency division energy statistics, and the primary noise of the secondary single shot record is suppressed by the energy threshold value to obtain a denoised single shot record; Extracting a primary effective signal and a surface wave signal from the denoised single shot record respectively, and generating a secondary effective signal using the denoised single shot record and the surface wave signal; A third-level effective signal is calculated according to the first-level effective signal and the surface wave signal, and a standard single-shot record is generated using the second-level effective signal and the third-level effective signal, thereby ending noise suppression.

2. The noise suppression method for seismic data according to claim 1, characterized in that: The method of using the time-inclination angle transformation to filter out the interference of adjacent shots from the original single shot record obtained in advance to obtain the primary single shot record includes: Perform time-dip conversion on the original single-shot record acquired in advance to obtain the seismic signal in the time-dip domain; Using a sparse constrained inversion method, the interference of adjacent shots is screened out from the time-dip angle domain seismic signal to obtain a standard time-dip angle domain seismic signal; The standard time-dip domain seismic signal is subjected to time-dip inverse transformation to obtain a primary single-shot record.

3. The noise suppression method for seismic data according to claim 2, characterized in that: The method of using sparse constrained inversion to filter out adjacent shot interference from the time-dip angle domain seismic signal to obtain a standard time-dip angle domain seismic signal includes: Decomposing the time-dip angle domain seismic signal by using a preset sparse dictionary to obtain primary sparse coefficients; Inverting the primary sparse coefficients by using a sparse constrained inversion method to obtain secondary sparse coefficients; A standard sparse coefficient is extracted from the secondary sparse coefficient, and signal reorganization is performed on the standard sparse coefficient to obtain a standard time-dip domain seismic signal.

4. The noise suppression method for seismic data according to claim 1, characterized in that: The method of filtering out linear interference from the primary single shot record by frequency domain transformation to obtain a secondary single shot record includes: Performing frequency domain transformation on the primary single shot record to obtain a frequency domain seismic signal; Extracting linear interference features from the frequency domain seismic signal and generating an interference frequency domain according to the linear interference features; Performing frequency domain filtering on the frequency domain seismic signal according to the interference frequency domain to obtain a standard frequency domain seismic signal; The standard frequency domain seismic signal is subjected to frequency domain inverse transformation to obtain a secondary single shot record.

5. The noise suppression method for seismic data according to claim 1, characterized in that: The method of extracting the energy threshold value of the secondary single shot record by using frequency division energy statistics includes: Rearranging the secondary single shot records into spatial single shot records according to a preset channel spatial order; Splitting the spatial single shot record into a time window single shot record sequence according to a preset time window; Performing multi-frequency energy filtering on the time window single shot record sequence to obtain a multi-frequency signal energy sequence; A weighted average calculation is performed on the energy of each frequency signal in the multi-frequency signal energy sequence to obtain an average energy value, and an energy threshold value is generated according to the average energy value.

6. The noise suppression method for seismic data according to claim 1, characterized in that: The step of calculating the third-level effective signal according to the first-level effective signal and the surface wave signal comprises: extracting effective signal energy from the primary effective signal and surface roll energy from the surface roll signal respectively by means of root mean square amplitude statistics; Calculating a primary amplitude factor corresponding to the primary effective signal according to the surface roll energy, and calculating a secondary amplitude factor corresponding to the surface roll signal according to the effective signal energy; taking the maximum value between the primary amplitude factor and the secondary amplitude factor as the target amplitude factor; The surface roll signal is suppressed according to the target amplitude factor to obtain a three-level effective signal.

7. A noise suppression device for seismic data, characterized in that: The device comprises: The adjacent gun suppression module is used to filter out the adjacent gun interference from the original single gun record obtained in advance by using the time tilt angle transformation method to obtain the primary single gun record; A linear suppression module, used for filtering out linear interference from the primary single shot record by frequency domain transformation to obtain a secondary single shot record; A frequency division suppression module is used to extract the energy threshold value of the secondary single shot record by means of frequency division energy statistics, and use the energy threshold value to perform primary noise suppression on the secondary single shot record to obtain a denoised single shot record; A signal decomposition module, used to extract a primary effective signal and a surface wave signal from the denoised single shot record, and generate a secondary effective signal using the denoised single shot record and the surface wave signal; The noise suppression module is used to calculate a third-level effective signal according to the first-level effective signal and the surface wave signal, generate a standard single-shot record using the second-level effective signal and the third-level effective signal, and end the noise suppression.

8. An electronic device, comprising: processor; a memory for storing instructions executable by the processor; The processor is configured to execute the instructions to implement the noise suppression method for seismic data as described in any one of claims 1 to 6.

9. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that: A computer program is stored thereon, and when the program is executed by a processor, the noise suppression method for seismic data as described in any one of claims 1 to 6 is implemented.

10. A computer program, characterized in that When the program is executed by a processor, the noise suppression method for seismic data as described in any one of claims 1 to 6 is implemented.

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