A seismic data noise suppression method, device, equipment, medium and program

Abstract

The present application relates to the field of geophysical exploration, disclose a kind of noise suppression method of seismic data, comprising: using tau-p-q domain sparse inversion method from original single shot record to screen out adjacent shot interference, obtain primary single shot record;Using the way of frequency domain transformation from primary single shot record to screen out linear interference, obtain secondary single shot record;Using the way of frequency energy statistics to extract the energy threshold of secondary single shot record, using energy threshold to carry out primary noise suppression to secondary single shot record, obtain denoising single shot record;Respectively from denoising single shot record extract out first level effective signal and surface wave signal, using the method of frequency noise automatic identification and attenuation, adaptive spectral editing method from first level effective signal and surface wave signal extract out standard single shot record, end noise suppression.The present application also proposes a kind of noise suppression device, equipment, medium and program of seismic data.The present application can improve the accuracy when imaging seismic data.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of geophysical exploration, and in particular to a noise suppression method, device, equipment, medium and program for seismic data. BACKGROUND

[0002] With the development of seismic exploration technology, the application of seismic acquisition by using a controllable source is becoming more and more widespread. However, when the controllable source is excited, various noises such as black triangle noise, adjacent shot interference, harmonic interference, surface wave, refracted multiple wave interference, abnormal amplitude noise and linear interference are generated. These noises seriously reduce the signal-to-noise ratio of seismic data and affect the imaging of weak signals in the middle and deep layers. Therefore, noise suppression is needed for seismic data of the controllable source.

[0003] The existing noise suppression technology for seismic data is mainly based on random noise attenuation. The controllable source noise is regarded as abnormal amplitude noise, and random noise attenuation is uniformly performed to achieve noise suppression. In actual application, the noise suppression method based on random noise attenuation is not complete in removing part of the noise in the middle and deep layers and damages the effective signal, which is not conducive to improving the signal-to-noise ratio of the data and the imaging of weak signals, resulting in low accuracy in seismic data imaging. SUMMARY

[0004] To solve the above problems, the embodiments of the present application provide a noise suppression method, device, equipment, medium and program for seismic data.

[0005] In a first aspect, the embodiments of the present application provide a noise suppression method for seismic data, comprising:

[0006] The adjacent shot interference is screened out from the original single-shot record obtained in advance by using time-dip angle transformation to obtain a primary single-shot record;

[0007] The linear interference is screened out from the primary single-shot record by using frequency domain transformation to obtain a secondary single-shot record;

[0008] The energy threshold value of the secondary single-shot record is extracted by using frequency division energy statistics, and the secondary single-shot record is subjected to primary noise suppression by using the energy threshold value to obtain a denoising single-shot record;

[0009] The first-order effective signal and the surface wave signal are extracted from the denoising single-shot record respectively, and the secondary effective signal is generated by using the denoising single-shot record and the surface wave signal;

[0010] The third-order effective signal is calculated according to the first-order effective signal and the surface wave signal, the standard single-shot record is generated by using the secondary effective signal and the third-order effective signal, and the noise suppression is ended.

[0011] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the step of filtering out neighboring shot interference from the pre-acquired original single-shot records using time tilt angle transformation to obtain primary single-shot records includes:

[0012] Time-dip transformation is performed on the pre-acquired raw single-shot records to obtain the time-dip domain seismic signal;

[0013] The interference from adjacent shots is filtered out from the time-dip domain seismic signal using the sparse constraint inversion method to obtain the standard time-dip domain seismic signal;

[0014] The standard time-dip domain seismic signal is subjected to inverse time-dip transformation to obtain the primary single-shot record.

[0015] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the method of filtering out adjacent shot interference from the time-dip domain seismic signal using sparse constraint inversion to obtain a standard time-dip domain seismic signal includes:

[0016] The time-tilt domain seismic signal is decomposed using a preset sparse dictionary to obtain primary sparse coefficients;

[0017] The primary sparse coefficients are inverted using a sparse constraint inversion method to obtain the secondary sparse coefficients;

[0018] Standard sparse coefficients are extracted from the secondary sparse coefficients, and the standard sparse coefficients are reconstructed to obtain a standard time-dip domain seismic signal.

[0019] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the step of filtering out linear interference from the primary single-shot record using frequency domain transformation to obtain the secondary single-shot record includes:

[0020] The primary single-shot record is transformed in the frequency domain to obtain the frequency domain seismic signal;

[0021] Linear interference features are extracted from the frequency domain seismic signal, and an interference frequency domain is generated based on the linear interference features.

[0022] The frequency domain seismic signal is filtered in the frequency domain based on the interference frequency domain to obtain a standard frequency domain seismic signal;

[0023] The standard frequency domain seismic signal is subjected to inverse frequency domain transformation to obtain secondary single-shot records.

[0024] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the extraction of the energy threshold value of the secondary single-shot record using frequency division energy statistics includes:

[0025] The secondary single-shot records are rearranged into spatial single-shot records according to the preset channel spatial order;

[0026] The spatial single-shot record is divided into a time-window single-shot record sequence according to a preset time window;

[0027] Multi-frequency energy filtering is performed on the single-shot recording sequence of the time window to obtain a multi-frequency signal energy sequence;

[0028] The average energy value is obtained by weighted averaging of the energy of each frequency signal in the multi-frequency signal energy sequence, and an energy threshold value is generated based on the average energy value.

[0029] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the step of calculating the third-level effective signal based on the first-level effective signal and the surface wave signal includes:

[0030] The effective signal energy and the surface wave energy are extracted from the first-level effective signal and the surface wave energy, respectively, using the root mean square amplitude statistics method.

[0031] The first-level amplitude factor corresponding to the first-level effective signal is calculated based on the surface wave energy, and the second-level amplitude factor corresponding to the surface wave signal is calculated based on the effective signal energy.

[0032] The maximum value between the first-level amplitude factor and the second-level amplitude factor is taken as the target amplitude factor;

[0033] The surface wave signal is suppressed according to the target amplitude factor to obtain a three-level effective signal.

[0034] Secondly, embodiments of the present invention provide a noise suppression device for seismic data, characterized in that it comprises:

[0035] The adjacent shot suppression module is used to filter out adjacent shot interference from the pre-acquired original single-shot records by using time tilt angle transformation to obtain the primary single-shot records;

[0036] A linear suppression module is used to filter out linear interference from the primary single-shot record by frequency domain transformation to obtain the secondary single-shot record.

[0037] The frequency division suppression module is used to extract the energy threshold value of the secondary single-shot record by means of frequency division energy statistics, and to perform primary noise suppression on the secondary single-shot record by means of the energy threshold value to obtain the noise-reduced single-shot record.

[0038] The signal decomposition module is used to extract the first-level effective signal and the surface wave signal from the denoised single-shot record, and to generate the second-level effective signal using the denoised single-shot record and the surface wave signal.

[0039] The noise suppression module is used to calculate the third-level effective signal based on the first-level effective signal and the surface wave signal, generate a standard single-shot record using the second-level effective signal and the third-level effective signal, and end the noise suppression.

[0040] Thirdly, embodiments of the present invention provide an electronic device, which includes:

[0041] processor;

[0042] Memory used to store the processor's executable instructions;

[0043] The processor is configured to execute the instructions to implement a noise suppression method for seismic data as described in the first aspect above.

[0044] Fourthly, embodiments of the present invention provide a computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, which, when executed by a processor, implements a noise suppression method for seismic data as described in the first aspect above.

[0045] Fifthly, embodiments of the present invention provide a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements a noise suppression method for seismic data as described in the first aspect above.

[0046] Compared with the prior art, the above-mentioned technical solution of the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0047] Existing noise suppression techniques for seismic data mostly rely on random noise attenuation methods. These methods treat controllable source noise as anomalous amplitude noise and uniformly apply random noise attenuation to achieve suppression. However, this approach is incomplete in removing some noise from mid-to-deep layers and damages the effective signal, hindering the improvement of the signal-to-noise ratio and weak signal imaging, resulting in low accuracy in seismic data imaging. This invention utilizes sparse constraint inversion to generate edge-sparse results in the original single-shot records, thereby separating noise from adjacent shots. It then uses frequency domain transformation to extract linear noise features from the primary single-shot records, further separating linear interference noise. Finally, it uses frequency-division energy statistics to extract secondary single-shot noise. The energy threshold value of the shot record is used to determine abnormal amplitude, harmonic interference, and black triangle noise based on the spatial and frequency distribution of energy in a single shot record. These abnormal amplitude, harmonic interference, and black triangle noise are then suppressed. An adaptive spectral editing method is used to suppress the surface wave energy to the same level as the effective signal energy, significantly attenuating the surface wave while retaining some of the original effective signal, thus achieving the goal of suppressing the surface wave. The noise suppression method of this invention can more reliably remove and suppress various types of noise, including black triangle noise, adjacent shot interference, harmonic interference, surface waves, refracted multiples interference, abnormal amplitude noise, and linear interference, providing more reliable seismic data imaging for geophysical surveys. Therefore, the seismic data noise suppression method, device, equipment, and medium proposed in this invention can solve the problem of low accuracy in seismic data imaging. Attached Figure Description

[0048] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0049] Figure 1 A flowchart illustrating the noise suppression method for seismic data according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention is shown.

[0050] Figure 2 The diagram shows a comparison of adjacent gun interference noise according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention. Figure 2 a is a single-shot record diagram in the original single-shot record where interference from adjacent shots occurred. Figure 2 b is a single-shot record diagram in the primary single-shot record after removing interference from adjacent shots;

[0051] Figure 3 The diagram shows a comparison of linear interference noise in Embodiment 1 of the present invention. Figure 3 a is a single-shot record diagram showing linear interference in the primary single-shot record.Figure 3 b is a single-shot record diagram in the secondary single-shot record after removing linear interference;

[0052] Figure 4 The diagram shows a comparison of harmonic interference noise in Embodiment 1 of the present invention. Figure 4 a is a single-shot record diagram showing harmonic interference noise in the secondary single-shot record. Figure 4 b is a single-shot record diagram of the denoised single-shot record after removing harmonic interference noise. Figure 4 c is a single-shot record diagram of harmonic interference noise in the secondary single-shot record;

[0053] Figure 5 The diagram shows a comparison of abnormal amplitude noise in Embodiment 1 of the present invention. Figure 5 a is a single-shot record diagram in the secondary single-shot record where abnormal amplitude noise occurs. Figure 5 b is a single-shot record image of the denoised single-shot record after removing abnormal amplitude noise. Figure 5 c is a single-shot record diagram of the abnormal amplitude noise in the secondary single-shot record;

[0054] Figure 6 The image shows a comparison of black triangle noise in Embodiment 1 of the present invention, wherein... Figure 6 a is a single-shot record diagram in the secondary single-shot record where black triangle noise appears. Figure 6 b is a single-shot record image with black triangle noise removed from the denoised single-shot record. Figure 6 c is a single-shot record diagram of the black triangle noise in the secondary single-shot record;

[0055] Figure 7 The diagram shows a comparison of surface wave signal and noise in Embodiment 1 of the present invention. Figure 7 a is a single-shot record diagram showing surface wave signal noise in the denoised single-shot record. Figure 7 b is a single-shot record diagram of the standard single-shot record after removing surface wave signal noise. Figure 7 c is a single-shot record diagram of surface wave signal noise in the secondary single-shot record;

[0056] Figure 8 This diagram shows the functional block diagram of the noise suppression device for seismic data according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention;

[0057] Figure 9 A schematic diagram of the electronic device for implementing the noise suppression method for seismic data according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention is shown. Detailed Implementation

[0058] The present disclosure will be further described below with reference to the embodiments shown in the accompanying drawings.

[0059] It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features described in this application can be combined with each other. The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0060] This invention proposes a noise suppression method for seismic data based on geological exploration technology. It utilizes controlled-source seismic acquisition to obtain seismic data, employs a τ-pq domain sparse inversion method to eliminate adjacent-shot interference, a three-dimensional Fourier transform method to eliminate linear interference, and a frequency-division noise automatic identification and attenuation method, along with energy statistical weighting, to eliminate anomalous amplitude, harmonic interference, and black triangle noise. Finally, it uses an adaptive spectral editing method to suppress surface wave signals in the seismic data. This method achieves targeted noise suppression, resulting in seismic images with higher accuracy and imaging precision.

[0061] Example 1

[0062] like Figure 1 As shown, this invention proposes a method for noise suppression of seismic data, comprising the following steps:

[0063] S1. Using time tilt angle transformation, interference from adjacent shots is filtered out from the pre-acquired original single-shot records to obtain the primary single-shot records.

[0064] In this embodiment of the invention, the original single-shot record refers to the initial single-shot record obtained during seismic exploration. In seismic exploration, in order to obtain information about the underground strata, a shot point as the source and a geophone as the receiver are usually set up on the ground. The shot point is the location used to generate source energy, and the geophone is used to record the seismic wave signals reflected back from the ground. The single-shot record refers to a set of received seismic signals recorded at a specific shot point location.

[0065] In detail, when a shot generates a seismic wave signal, the signals from other shot points will also affect the signal recorded by the receiver, thus generating adjacent shot interference. In order to eliminate adjacent shot interference in seismic data and reduce the impact of adjacent shot interference on the imaging and analysis of underground strata, it is necessary to use time dip angle transformation to filter out adjacent shot interference from the pre-acquired original single shot records to obtain primary single shot records.

[0066] In this embodiment of the invention, the step of filtering out neighboring shot interference from the pre-acquired original single-shot records using time tilt angle transformation to obtain primary single-shot records includes:

[0067] Time-dip transformation is performed on the pre-acquired raw single-shot records to obtain the time-dip domain seismic signal;

[0068] The interference from adjacent shots is filtered out from the time-dip domain seismic signal using the sparse constraint inversion method to obtain the standard time-dip domain seismic signal;

[0069] The standard time-dip domain seismic signal is subjected to inverse time-dip transformation to obtain the primary single-shot record.

[0070] Specifically, the time-tilt transformation refers to the τ-p transformation, a mathematical transformation method commonly used in seismic data processing. It can transform seismic data from the t-domain of the time domain to the τ-p domain. The τ-p domain is a coordinate system composed of time delay τ and dip angle p, used to represent the spectral characteristics of seismic data. In the τ-p domain, the distribution of seismic signals under different time delays and dip angles can be seen more clearly. The inverse time-tilt transformation refers to the inverse τ-p transformation.

[0071] In detail, the method of using sparse constraint inversion to filter out adjacent shot interference from the time-dip domain seismic signal to obtain the standard time-dip domain seismic signal includes:

[0072] The time-tilt domain seismic signal is decomposed using a preset sparse dictionary to obtain primary sparse coefficients;

[0073] The primary sparse coefficients are inverted using a sparse constraint inversion method to obtain the secondary sparse coefficients;

[0074] Standard sparse coefficients are extracted from the secondary sparse coefficients, and the standard sparse coefficients are reconstructed to obtain a standard time-dip domain seismic signal.

[0075] In detail, the sparse dictionary is a key concept in sparse representation. It is a set of basis vectors used to represent a signal as a linear combination of these basis vectors. The primary sparse coefficients are the weights of each basis vector in the coefficient dictionary for the time-dip seismic signal. The sparse-constrained inversion is a method for signal processing, data analysis, and imaging, designed to recover the original signal or image from partial observation data, assuming that the original signal or image is sparse in a particular representation. The secondary sparse coefficients are the values ​​of the primary sparse coefficients after filtering out data residuals. The standard sparse coefficients are the effective signal values ​​among the secondary sparse coefficients.

[0076] Specifically, refer to Figure 2 The image shown is a comparison of the original single-shot record and the primary single-shot record. It can be seen that interference from adjacent shots has been largely eliminated. Figure 2 a is a single-shot record diagram in the original single-shot record where interference from adjacent shots occurred. Figure 2b is the single-shot record diagram in the primary single-shot record after removing interference from adjacent shots.

[0077] In this embodiment of the invention, by using time tilt angle transformation to filter out neighboring shot interference from the pre-acquired original single-shot records, a primary single-shot record is obtained. The sparse constraint inversion method can be used to generate edge sparse results in the original single-shot records, thereby separating neighboring shot noise and improving the accuracy of neighboring shot noise removal.

[0078] S2. Linear interference is filtered out from the primary single-shot record by frequency domain transformation to obtain the secondary single-shot record.

[0079] In this embodiment of the invention, during the recording of seismic signals, electromagnetic interference from equipment such as cables and electrical appliances, equipment problems such as signal distortion and signal drift from the seismograph itself, and environmental noise from traffic, wind, or human activities often interfere with the recorded single-shot data. This can be described by a linear model and is called linear interference. In order to ensure the accuracy of the single-shot recorded data, it is necessary to use frequency domain transformation to filter out linear interference from the primary single-shot records to obtain secondary single-shot records.

[0080] In this embodiment of the invention, the step of filtering out linear interference from the primary single-shot record using frequency domain transformation to obtain the secondary single-shot record includes:

[0081] The primary single-shot record is transformed in the frequency domain to obtain the frequency domain seismic signal;

[0082] Linear interference features are extracted from the frequency domain seismic signal, and an interference frequency domain is generated based on the linear interference features.

[0083] The frequency domain seismic signal is filtered in the frequency domain based on the interference frequency domain to obtain a standard frequency domain seismic signal;

[0084] The standard frequency domain seismic signal is subjected to inverse frequency domain transformation to obtain secondary single-shot records.

[0085] In detail, the primary single-shot record can be frequency domain transformed using the three-dimensional Fourier transform method to obtain a frequency domain seismic signal. The linear interference feature is an abnormally distributed frequency domain feature within a specific frequency range in the frequency domain seismic signal. The frequency domain feature can be the mean, variance, skewness, or kurtosis of the frequency domain. Generating the interference frequency domain based on the linear interference feature means taking the frequency and range corresponding to the linear interference feature as the interference frequency domain.

[0086] Specifically, the step of performing frequency domain filtering on the frequency domain seismic signal based on the interference frequency domain to obtain a standard frequency domain seismic signal refers to using a frequency domain filter to perform frequency domain filtering on the signal in the interference frequency domain of the frequency domain seismic signal to obtain a standard frequency domain seismic signal, and the inverse frequency domain transformation refers to a three-dimensional inverse Fourier transform.

[0087] For details, refer to Figure 3 The image shown is a comparison of the primary single-shot records and the secondary single-shot records. It can be observed that linear interference within the boxed area has been largely removed. Figure 3 a is a single-shot record diagram showing linear interference in the primary single-shot record. Figure 3 b is the single-shot record diagram in the secondary single-shot record after removing linear interference.

[0088] In this embodiment of the invention, by using frequency domain transformation to filter out linear interference from the primary single-shot record, a secondary single-shot record is obtained. This can filter out linear interference in the primary single-shot record caused by factors such as electromagnetic interference, cable crosstalk, equipment problems, environmental noise, or cable faults, thereby reducing noise in the single-shot record and improving the accuracy of the single-shot record.

[0089] S3. Extract the energy threshold value of the secondary single-shot record using frequency division energy statistics, and use the energy threshold value to perform primary noise suppression on the secondary single-shot record to obtain a noise-reduced single-shot record.

[0090] In this embodiment of the invention, the secondary single-shot records still contain abnormal amplitudes, harmonic interference, and black triangle noise caused by signal distortion, instrument problems, or other issues. To remove these signal noises, the energy threshold value is used to perform primary noise suppression on the secondary single-shot records to obtain denoised single-shot records. The black triangle noise is a special type of noise in seismic data, usually referring to noise components that appear as black triangles in the spectrum. The energy threshold value refers to the amplitude and energy threshold point in the secondary single-shot records. Amplitudes and energies exceeding the energy threshold value are considered signal noise in the secondary single-shot records.

[0091] In this embodiment of the invention, the extraction of the energy threshold value of the secondary single-shot record using frequency division energy statistics includes:

[0092] The secondary single-shot records are rearranged into spatial single-shot records according to the preset channel spatial order;

[0093] The spatial single-shot record is divided into a time-window single-shot record sequence according to a preset time window;

[0094] Multi-frequency energy filtering is performed on the single-shot recording sequence of the time window to obtain a multi-frequency signal energy sequence;

[0095] The average energy value is obtained by weighted averaging of the energy of each frequency signal in the multi-frequency signal energy sequence, and an energy threshold value is generated based on the average energy value.

[0096] In detail, the channel spatial order refers to the spatial distance order corresponding to the recording information of each channel in the secondary single-shot record. By rearranging the secondary single-shot record into a spatial single-shot record according to the preset channel spatial order, strong noise in the seismic data can be extracted more clearly, thereby improving the efficiency of noise reduction.

[0097] Specifically, the time window refers to a time-domain window with a fixed time period, and the multi-frequency signal energy sequence refers to the signal energy values ​​of the single-shot recording sequence of the time window at different frequencies. The energy of the single-shot recording sequence of the time window can be filtered using signal filters of different frequencies to obtain the multi-frequency signal energy sequence. The weighted average calculation of the signal energy of each frequency in the multi-frequency signal energy sequence to obtain the average energy value refers to the calculation of the weighted average value based on the energy value of each frequency signal in the multi-frequency signal energy sequence and the proportion of the time window. The generation of an energy threshold value based on the average energy value refers to the product of the average energy value and a preset threshold coefficient as the energy threshold value. The threshold coefficient can be 1 or 1.5.

[0098] Specifically, the step of using the energy threshold value to perform primary noise suppression on the secondary single-shot record to obtain a denoised single-shot record refers to performing energy interpolation or filtering on the amplitude energy in the secondary single-shot record that is greater than the energy threshold value. By using the energy threshold value to perform primary noise suppression on the secondary single-shot record to obtain a denoised single-shot record, abnormal amplitude noise, harmonic interference noise, and black triangle noise in the secondary single-shot record can be removed.

[0099] For details, refer to Figure 4 The image shown is a single-shot record diagram obtained by removing harmonic interference noise from the secondary single-shot record using the energy threshold value. Figure 4 a is a single-shot record diagram showing harmonic interference noise in the secondary single-shot record. Figure 4 b is a single-shot record diagram of the denoised single-shot record after removing harmonic interference noise. Figure 4 c is a single-shot record diagram of harmonic interference noise in the secondary single-shot record.

[0100] Specifically, refer to Figure 5 The image shown is a single-shot record diagram obtained by removing anomalous amplitude noise from the secondary single-shot record using the energy threshold value. Figure 5 a is a single-shot record diagram in the secondary single-shot record where abnormal amplitude noise occurs.Figure 5 b is a single-shot record image of the denoised single-shot record after removing abnormal amplitude noise. Figure 5 c is a single-shot record diagram of the abnormal amplitude noise in the secondary single-shot record.

[0101] For details, refer to Figure 6 The image shown is a single-shot record diagram obtained by removing the black triangle noise from the secondary single-shot record using the energy threshold value. Figure 6 a is a single-shot record diagram in the secondary single-shot record where black triangle noise appears. Figure 6 b is a single-shot record image with black triangle noise removed from the denoised single-shot record. Figure 6 c is a single-shot record diagram of the black triangle noise in the secondary single-shot record.

[0102] In this embodiment of the invention, the energy threshold value of the secondary single-shot record is extracted by using frequency division energy statistics. The energy threshold value is used to perform primary noise suppression on the secondary single-shot record to obtain a denoised single-shot record. By combining the spatial and frequency distribution of energy in the single-shot record, abnormal amplitude, harmonic interference, and black triangle noise can be determined, and the abnormal amplitude, harmonic interference, and black triangle noise can be suppressed, thereby improving the clarity and accuracy of seismic data.

[0103] S4. Extract the first-level effective signal and the surface wave signal from the denoised single-shot record respectively, and generate the second-level effective signal using the denoised single-shot record and the surface wave signal.

[0104] In this embodiment of the invention, the first-level effective signal refers to the effective signal (BodyWave) in the denoised single-shot record. The effective signal is the signal generated when seismic waves propagate, reflect, and refract in the underground strata. The surface wave signal is the surface wave in the denoised single-shot record and a part of the weak effective signal. The surface wave is a type of seismic wave whose energy propagates along the Earth's surface. Surface waves usually have a lower frequency and a longer wavelength, and therefore exhibit relatively long periodic oscillations in seismic records.

[0105] In this embodiment of the invention, the step of extracting the first-level effective signal and the surface wave signal from the denoised single-shot record includes: performing high-pass filtering on the denoised single-shot record to obtain the first-level effective signal; and performing low-pass filtering on the denoised single-shot record to obtain the surface wave signal.

[0106] In detail, high-pass filtering of the denoised single-shot record can be performed using filters such as Butterworth and Chebyshev to obtain a first-level effective signal, and low-pass filtering can be performed on the denoised single-shot record to obtain a surface wave signal. The second-level effective signal is the remaining weak effective signal in the surface wave signal. Generating a second-level effective signal using the denoised single-shot record and the surface wave signal means subtracting the surface wave signal from the denoised single-shot record to obtain a second-level effective signal.

[0107] In this embodiment of the invention, by extracting the primary effective signal and the surface wave signal from the denoised single-shot record respectively, and generating the secondary effective signal using the denoised single-shot record and the surface wave signal, the surface wave signal and the effective signal can be separated, which facilitates the subsequent suppression of energy in the surface wave, thereby achieving noise suppression.

[0108] S5. Calculate the third-level effective signal based on the first-level effective signal and the surface wave signal, and generate a standard single-shot record using the second-level effective signal and the third-level effective signal to end noise suppression.

[0109] In this embodiment of the invention, the surface wave portion of the noise-reduced single-shot recording contains noise. To remove the surface wave noise, noise suppression is required. The third-level effective signal refers to the surface wave energy signal after energy suppression. Generally, the surface wave energy and the effective signal energy are not on the same order of magnitude; the surface wave energy is much stronger than the effective signal energy. To suppress the surface wave energy and improve the accuracy of noise suppression, a third-level effective signal needs to be calculated based on the first-level effective signal and the surface wave signal, suppressing the surface wave energy to the same level as the effective signal energy, thereby achieving the purpose of suppressing the surface wave.

[0110] In this embodiment of the invention, calculating the third-level effective signal based on the first-level effective signal and the surface wave signal includes:

[0111] The effective signal energy and the surface wave energy are extracted from the first-level effective signal and the surface wave energy, respectively, using the root mean square amplitude statistics method.

[0112] The first-level amplitude factor corresponding to the first-level effective signal is calculated based on the surface wave energy, and the second-level amplitude factor corresponding to the surface wave signal is calculated based on the effective signal energy.

[0113] The maximum value between the first-level amplitude factor and the second-level amplitude factor is taken as the target amplitude factor;

[0114] The surface wave signal is suppressed according to the target amplitude factor to obtain a three-level effective signal.

[0115] Specifically, the root mean square amplitude statistics is a statistical method used to measure the magnitude of signal amplitude. It obtains the amplitude energy of the signal by calculating the square root of the average square of the amplitude of the signal within a certain time window. Root mean square amplitude statistics is often used in signal processing, seismic exploration, vibration analysis and other fields to evaluate the intensity or amplitude change of the signal.

[0116] In detail, calculating the first-level amplitude factor corresponding to the first-level effective signal based on the surface wave energy, and calculating the second-level amplitude factor corresponding to the surface wave signal based on the effective signal energy, means calculating the values ​​of the first-level amplitude factor and the second-level amplitude factor when the product of the first-level effective signal and the first-level amplitude factor is equal to the product of the surface wave signal and the second-level amplitude factor.

[0117] In detail, the step of suppressing the surface wave signal according to the target amplitude factor to obtain a third-level effective signal means dividing the surface wave signal by the target amplitude factor to obtain a third-level effective signal. The step of generating a standard single-shot record using the second-level effective signal and the third-level effective signal means adding the third-level effective signal back onto the third-level effective signal to obtain a standard single-shot record.

[0118] For details, refer to Figure 7 The image shown is a single-shot record of the surface wave signal noise before and after noise suppression, where... Figure 7 a is a single-shot record diagram showing surface wave signal noise in the denoised single-shot record. Figure 7 b is a single-shot record diagram of the standard single-shot record after removing surface wave signal noise. Figure 7 c is a single-shot record diagram of surface wave signal noise in the secondary single-shot record.

[0119] In this embodiment of the invention, a third-level effective signal is calculated based on the first-level effective signal and the surface wave signal. Noise suppression of the surface wave signal can be performed based on the energy magnitude of the effective signal. By generating a standard single-shot record using the second-level and third-level effective signals, the noise suppression is terminated, and surface wave noise in the denoised single-shot record can be removed, thereby improving the imaging accuracy of seismic data.

[0120] This invention employs time-tilt transformation to filter out adjacent-shot interference from pre-acquired raw single-shot records, obtaining primary single-shot records. Sparse constraint inversion can be used to generate edge sparse results in the raw single-shot records, thereby separating adjacent-shot noise and improving the accuracy of adjacent-shot noise removal. Furthermore, by using frequency domain transformation to filter out linear interference from the primary single-shot records, secondary single-shot records are obtained. This filters out linear interference caused by electromagnetic interference, cable crosstalk, equipment problems, environmental noise, or cable faults in the primary single-shot records, thereby reducing noise in the single-shot records and improving their accuracy. Finally, by using frequency-division energy statistics to extract the energy threshold value of the secondary single-shot records, and using this energy threshold value to perform primary noise suppression on the secondary single-shot records, a denoised single-shot record is obtained. This allows for the identification of anomalous amplitude, harmonic interference, and black triangle noise by combining the spatial and frequency distribution of energy in the single-shot records, and the suppression of anomalous amplitude, harmonic interference, and black triangle noise, thus improving the clarity and accuracy of seismic data.

[0121] By extracting the first-order effective signal and surface wave signal from the denoised single-shot record, and generating a second-order effective signal using the denoised single-shot record and the surface wave signal, the surface wave signal and the effective signal can be separated, facilitating subsequent energy suppression in the surface wave and thus achieving noise suppression. By calculating the third-order effective signal based on the first-order effective signal and the surface wave signal, noise suppression of the surface wave signal can be performed according to the energy magnitude of the effective signal. By generating a standard single-shot record using the second-order and third-order effective signals, the noise suppression ends, and surface wave noise in the denoised single-shot record can be removed, improving the imaging accuracy of seismic data. Therefore, the seismic data noise suppression method proposed in this invention can solve the problem of low accuracy in seismic data imaging.

[0122] Example 2

[0123] like Figure 8 As shown in the figure, this embodiment also provides a functional block diagram of a noise suppression device for seismic data.

[0124] The seismic data noise suppression device 100 described in this embodiment can be installed in an electronic device. Depending on the functions implemented, the seismic data noise suppression device 100 may include an adjacent-shot suppression module 101, a linear suppression module 102, a frequency division suppression module 103, a signal decomposition module 104, and a noise suppression module 105. The module described in this invention can also be called a unit, referring to a series of computer program segments that can be executed by the processor of an electronic device and perform a fixed function, stored in the memory of the electronic device.

[0125] In this embodiment, the functions of each module / unit are as follows:

[0126] The adjacent gun suppression module 101 is used to filter out adjacent gun interference from the pre-acquired original single-gun records by using time tilt angle transformation to obtain the primary single-gun records;

[0127] The linear suppression module 102 is used to filter out linear interference from the primary single-shot record by frequency domain transformation to obtain the secondary single-shot record.

[0128] The frequency division suppression module 103 is used to extract the energy threshold value of the secondary single-shot record by means of frequency division energy statistics, and to use the energy threshold value to perform primary noise suppression on the secondary single-shot record to obtain a noise-reduced single-shot record.

[0129] The signal decomposition module 104 is used to extract the first-level effective signal and the surface wave signal from the denoised single-shot record, and to generate the second-level effective signal using the denoised single-shot record and the surface wave signal.

[0130] The noise suppression module 105 is used to calculate the third-level effective signal based on the first-level effective signal and the surface wave signal, generate a standard single-shot record using the second-level effective signal and the third-level effective signal, and end the noise suppression.

[0131] In detail, each module in the noise suppression device 100 for seismic data described in this embodiment of the invention employs the same technical means as the noise suppression method for seismic data described in Embodiment 1, and can produce the same technical effect, which will not be repeated here.

[0132] Example 3

[0133] like Figure 9 As shown, this embodiment also provides a computer electronic device, which may include a processor 10, a memory 11, a communication bus 12 and a communication interface 13, and may also include a computer program stored in the memory 11 and executable on the processor 10, such as a noise suppression program for seismic data.

[0134] In some embodiments, the processor 10 may be composed of integrated circuits, such as a single packaged integrated circuit or multiple integrated circuits with the same or different functions, including combinations of one or more central processing units (CPUs), microprocessors, digital processing chips, graphics processors, and various control chips. The processor 10 is the control unit of the electronic device, connecting various components of the entire electronic device through various interfaces and lines. It executes programs or modules stored in the memory 11 (e.g., executing noise suppression programs for seismic data) and calls data stored in the memory 11 to perform various functions of the electronic device and process data.

[0135] The memory 11 includes at least one type of readable storage medium, including flash memory, portable hard drive, multimedia card, card-type memory (e.g., SD or DX memory), magnetic memory, disk, optical disk, etc. In some embodiments, the memory 11 can be an internal storage unit of an electronic device, such as a portable hard drive. In other embodiments, the memory 11 can be an external storage device of the electronic device, such as a plug-in portable hard drive, Smart Media Card (SMC), Secure Digital (SD) card, Flash Card, etc. Furthermore, the memory 11 can include both internal and external storage units of the electronic device. The memory 11 can be used not only to store application software and various types of data installed on the electronic device, such as the code for noise suppression programs for seismic data, but also to temporarily store data that has been output or will be output.

[0136] The communication bus 12 can be a peripheral component interconnect (PCI) bus or an extended industry standard architecture (EISA) bus, etc. This bus can be divided into an address bus, a data bus, a control bus, etc. The bus is configured to enable communication between the memory 11 and at least one processor 10, etc.

[0137] The communication interface 13 is used for communication between the aforementioned electronic device and other devices, including a network interface and a user interface. Optionally, the network interface may include a wired interface and / or a wireless interface (such as a Wi-Fi interface, Bluetooth interface, etc.), typically used to establish communication connections between the electronic device and other electronic devices. The user interface may be a display, an input unit (such as a keyboard), or, optionally, a standard wired or wireless interface. Optionally, in some embodiments, the display may be an LED display, a liquid crystal display, a touch-sensitive liquid crystal display, or an OLED (Organic Light-Emitting Diode) touchscreen, etc. The display may also be appropriately referred to as a screen or display unit, used to display information processed in the electronic device and to display a visual user interface.

[0138] The figure only shows an electronic device with components. Those skilled in the art will understand that the structure shown in the figure does not constitute a limitation on the electronic device and may include fewer or more components than shown, or combine certain components, or have different component arrangements.

[0139] For example, although not shown, the electronic device may also include a power supply (such as a battery) to power the various components. Preferably, the power supply can be logically connected to the at least one processor 10 through a power management device, thereby enabling functions such as charging management, discharging management, and power consumption management. The power supply may also include one or more DC or AC power supplies, recharging devices, power fault detection circuits, power converters or inverters, power status indicators, and other arbitrary components. The electronic device may also include various sensors, Bluetooth modules, Wi-Fi modules, etc., which will not be described in detail here.

[0140] It should be understood that the embodiments described are for illustrative purposes only and are not limited to this structure in the scope of the patent application.

[0141] The noise suppression program for seismic data stored in the memory 11 of the electronic device is a combination of multiple instructions, which, when run in the processor 10, can achieve the following:

[0142] Interference from adjacent shots is filtered out from the pre-acquired raw single-shot records by using time tilt angle transformation to obtain the primary single-shot records;

[0143] Linear interference is filtered out from the primary single-shot record by frequency domain transformation to obtain the secondary single-shot record;

[0144] The energy threshold value of the secondary single-shot record is extracted by frequency division energy statistics. The primary noise suppression is performed on the secondary single-shot record using the energy threshold value to obtain the noise-reduced single-shot record.

[0145] The first-level effective signal and the surface wave signal are extracted from the denoised single-shot record, and the second-level effective signal is generated using the denoised single-shot record and the surface wave signal.

[0146] The third-level effective signal is calculated based on the first-level effective signal and the surface wave signal. The second-level effective signal and the third-level effective signal are used to generate a standard single-shot record, and the noise suppression ends.

[0147] Specifically, the specific implementation method of the processor 10 for the above instructions can be referred to the description of the relevant steps in the corresponding embodiment of the accompanying drawings, and will not be repeated here.

[0148] Furthermore, if the modules / units integrated into the electronic device are implemented as software functional units and sold or used as independent products, they can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. The computer-readable storage medium can be volatile or non-volatile. For example, the computer-readable medium may include: any entity or device capable of carrying the computer program code, a recording medium, a USB flash drive, a portable hard drive, a magnetic disk, an optical disk, a computer memory, or a read-only memory (ROM).

[0149] Example 4

[0150] This embodiment provides a storage medium storing a computer program, which, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of the noise suppression method for seismic data as described above.

[0151] This program code can also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing device, causing a series of operational steps to be executed on the computer or other programmable device to produce a computer-implemented process, thereby providing instructions that execute on the computer or other programmable device for implementing the process. Figure 1 Steps of a specified function in one or more processes.

[0152] Storage media include permanent and non-permanent, removable and non-removable media, and can be used to store information by any method or technology. Information can be computer-readable instructions, data structures, program modules, or other data. Examples of storage media include, but are not limited to, phase-change memory (PRAM), static random access memory (SRAM), dynamic random access memory (DRAM), other types of random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), flash memory or other memory technologies, CD-ROM, digital versatile optical disc (DVD) or other optical storage, magnetic tape, disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other non-transfer medium that can be used to store information accessible by computing devices.

[0153] Example 5

[0154] This invention provides a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of a noise suppression method for seismic data as described in the first aspect above.

[0155] These computer-readable program instructions can be provided to a processor of a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine such that, when executed by the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, they create means for implementing the functions / actions specified in one or more blocks of the flowchart and / or block diagram. These computer programs can also be stored in a computer-readable storage medium that causes a computer, programmable data processing apparatus, and / or other device to operate in a particular manner; thus, the computer-readable medium storing the computer program comprises an article of manufacture including instructions for implementing aspects of the functions / actions specified in one or more blocks of the flowchart and / or block diagram.

[0156] It should be noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular implementations only and is not intended to limit the exemplary implementations according to this application. When the terms “comprising” and / or “including” are used in this specification, they indicate the presence of features, steps, operations, devices, components and / or combinations thereof.

[0157] It should be understood that the terms used in this way can be interchanged where appropriate so that the embodiments of this application described herein can be implemented, for example, in a sequence other than those illustrated or described herein.

[0158] In the several embodiments provided by this invention, it should be understood that the disclosed devices, apparatuses, and methods can be implemented in other ways. For example, the apparatus embodiments described above are merely illustrative; for instance, the division of modules is only a logical functional division, and other division methods may be used in actual implementation.

[0159] The modules described as separate components may or may not be physically separate. The components shown as modules may or may not be physical units; that is, they may be located in one place or distributed across multiple network units. Some or all of the modules can be selected to achieve the purpose of this embodiment according to actual needs.

[0160] Furthermore, the functional modules in the various embodiments of the present invention can be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit can exist physically separately, or two or more units can be integrated into one unit. The integrated unit can be implemented in hardware or in the form of hardware plus software functional modules.

[0161] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the details of the exemplary embodiments described above, and that the present invention can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics of the present invention.

[0162] Therefore, the embodiments should be considered exemplary and non-limiting in all respects, and the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the foregoing description. Thus, all variations falling within the meaning and scope of equivalents of the claims are intended to be embraced within the invention. No appended diagram markings in the claims should be construed as limiting the scope of the claims.

[0163] The embodiments of this application can acquire and process relevant data based on artificial intelligence technology. Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the theories, methods, technologies, and application systems that use digital computers or machines controlled by digital computers to simulate, extend, and expand human intelligence, perceive the environment, acquire knowledge, and use that knowledge to obtain optimal results.

[0164] Furthermore, it is clear that the word "comprising" does not exclude other units or steps, and the singular does not exclude the plural. Multiple units or devices recited in a system claim may also be implemented by a single unit or device through software or hardware. The terms "first," "second," etc., are used to indicate names and do not indicate any specific order.

[0165] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not intended to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can be made to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for noise suppression of seismic data, characterized in that, The method includes: Interference from adjacent shots is filtered out from the pre-acquired raw single-shot records by using time tilt angle transformation to obtain the primary single-shot records; Linear interference is filtered out from the primary single-shot record by frequency domain transformation to obtain the secondary single-shot record; The energy threshold value of the secondary single-shot record is extracted by frequency division energy statistics. The primary noise suppression is performed on the secondary single-shot record using the energy threshold value to obtain the noise-reduced single-shot record. First-level effective signal and surface wave signal are extracted from the denoised single-shot record respectively. Second-level effective signal is generated using the denoised single-shot record and the surface wave signal. The first-level effective signal refers to the signal generated when seismic waves propagate, reflect and refract in the underground strata. The second-level effective signal is the residual weak effective signal in the surface wave signal. The third-level effective signal is calculated based on the first-level effective signal and the surface wave signal. The second-level effective signal and the third-level effective signal are used to generate a standard single-shot record, and the noise suppression ends. The third-level effective signal refers to the surface wave energy signal after energy suppression. The calculation of the third-level effective signal based on the first-level effective signal and the surface wave signal includes: The effective signal energy and the surface wave energy are extracted from the first-level effective signal and the surface wave energy, respectively, using the root mean square amplitude statistics method. The first-level amplitude factor corresponding to the first-level effective signal is calculated based on the surface wave energy, and the second-level amplitude factor corresponding to the surface wave signal is calculated based on the effective signal energy. The maximum value between the first-level amplitude factor and the second-level amplitude factor is taken as the target amplitude factor; The surface wave signal is suppressed according to the target amplitude factor to obtain a three-level effective signal.

2. The noise suppression method for seismic data as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The method of using time tilt angle transformation to filter out interference from adjacent shots from the pre-acquired original single-shot records to obtain primary single-shot records includes: Time-dip transformation is performed on the pre-acquired raw single-shot records to obtain the time-dip domain seismic signal; The interference from adjacent shots is filtered out from the time-dip domain seismic signal using the sparse constraint inversion method to obtain the standard time-dip domain seismic signal; The standard time-dip domain seismic signal is subjected to inverse time-dip transformation to obtain the primary single-shot record.

3. The noise suppression method for seismic data as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The method of using sparse constraint inversion to filter out adjacent shot interference from the time-dip domain seismic signal to obtain the standard time-dip domain seismic signal includes: The time-tilt domain seismic signal is decomposed using a preset sparse dictionary to obtain primary sparse coefficients; The primary sparse coefficients are inverted using a sparse constraint inversion method to obtain the secondary sparse coefficients; Standard sparse coefficients are extracted from the secondary sparse coefficients, and the standard sparse coefficients are reconstructed to obtain a standard time-dip domain seismic signal.

4. The noise suppression method for seismic data as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The step of filtering out linear interference from the primary single-shot record using frequency domain transformation to obtain the secondary single-shot record includes: The primary single-shot record is transformed in the frequency domain to obtain the frequency domain seismic signal; Linear interference features are extracted from the frequency domain seismic signal, and an interference frequency domain is generated based on the linear interference features. The frequency domain seismic signal is filtered in the frequency domain based on the interference frequency domain to obtain a standard frequency domain seismic signal; The standard frequency domain seismic signal is subjected to inverse frequency domain transformation to obtain secondary single-shot records.

5. The noise suppression method for seismic data as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The method of extracting the energy threshold value of the secondary single-shot record using frequency division energy statistics includes: The secondary single-shot records are rearranged into spatial single-shot records according to the preset channel spatial order; The spatial single-shot record is divided into a time-window single-shot record sequence according to a preset time window; Multi-frequency energy filtering is performed on the single-shot recording sequence of the time window to obtain a multi-frequency signal energy sequence; The average energy value is obtained by weighted averaging of the energy of each frequency signal in the multi-frequency signal energy sequence, and an energy threshold value is generated based on the average energy value.

6. A noise suppression device for seismic data, characterized in that, The device includes: The adjacent shot suppression module is used to filter out adjacent shot interference from the pre-acquired original single-shot records by using time tilt angle transformation to obtain the primary single-shot records; A linear suppression module is used to filter out linear interference from the primary single-shot record by frequency domain transformation to obtain the secondary single-shot record. The frequency division suppression module is used to extract the energy threshold value of the secondary single-shot record by means of frequency division energy statistics, and to perform primary noise suppression on the secondary single-shot record by means of the energy threshold value to obtain the noise-reduced single-shot record. The signal decomposition module is used to extract the first-level effective signal and the surface wave signal from the denoised single-shot record, and to generate a second-level effective signal using the denoised single-shot record and the surface wave signal. The first-level effective signal refers to the signal generated when the seismic wave propagates and is reflected and refracted in the underground strata, and the second-level effective signal is the residual weak effective signal in the surface wave signal. The noise suppression module is used to calculate the third-level effective signal based on the first-level effective signal and the surface wave signal, generate a standard single-shot record using the second-level effective signal and the third-level effective signal, and end the noise suppression. The third-level effective signal refers to the surface wave energy signal after energy suppression. The noise suppression module is also used to extract effective signal energy from the first-level effective signal and surface wave energy from the surface wave signal using root mean square amplitude statistics. The first-level amplitude factor corresponding to the first-level effective signal is calculated based on the surface wave energy, and the second-level amplitude factor corresponding to the surface wave signal is calculated based on the effective signal energy. The maximum value between the first-level amplitude factor and the second-level amplitude factor is taken as the target amplitude factor; The surface wave signal is suppressed according to the target amplitude factor to obtain a three-level effective signal.

7. An electronic device comprising: processor; Memory used to store the processor's executable instructions; The processor is configured to execute the instructions to implement the noise suppression method for seismic data as described in any one of claims 1 to 5.

8. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that, It stores a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the noise suppression method for seismic data as described in any one of claims 1 to 5.

9. A computer program, characterized in that, When the program is executed by the processor, it implements the noise suppression method for seismic data as described in any one of claims 1 to 5.

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