A three-dimensional particle special effect-based airborne chaff bomb simulation method

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of based on three-dimensional particle special effect's airborne chaff bomb simulation method, contain the following steps: chaff individual particle modeling: based on three-dimensional particle special effect technology, simulate the motion trajectory of single chaff, the motion characteristics of chaff cloud and chaff electromagnetic scattering characteristic RCS;Complex environment modeling: including meteorological environment simulation model and electromagnetic environment simulation model;Particle special effect driven simulation calculation: under the action of the chaff individual particle model and complex environment model, first, each chaff individual is particleized;Then real-time calculation is carried out;Finally, radar wave irradiation analysis is carried out;Three-dimensional dynamic visualization output: the distribution and interference effect of chaff bomb under different height and environment are realized Real-time display.The application can highly realistic simulate the explosion, diffusion, disappearance etc. of chaff bomb in launching, including the motion trajectory of chaff bomb, diffusion distribution form and the effect of radar scattering.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of military simulation, and in particular relates to an airborne chaff bomb simulation method based on three-dimensional particle special effects. Background Art

[0002] In modern military simulation and countermeasures, airborne chaff munitions simulation plays a crucial role in jamming enemy radar and protecting friendly aircraft. Chaff munitions jamming simulations rely primarily on the reflection and scattering properties of metal foil against electromagnetic waves, disrupting or weakening the enemy's simulated radar's ability to detect or track targets. Existing airborne chaff munitions simulation techniques often utilize MATLAB or C++ to simulate the chaff's diffusion and electromagnetic scattering characteristics. Simulations are performed by fitting or matching the corresponding distribution models to the electromagnetic scattering characteristics of chaff munitions measured in real-world conditions or those reported in research papers.

[0003] These methods have problems such as lack of authenticity and high computational complexity. They cannot effectively simulate the diffusion of foil strips in complex environments and the electromagnetic scattering characteristics. For example, in the actual simulation process, it is necessary to consider factors such as the number of foil strips, initial velocity, acceleration, launch angle, wind direction, wind speed, air density, meteorological environment, weight gravity, air resistance, terrain, etc. in the complex external environment. Therefore, it is impossible to truly simulate realistic actual conditions in military simulation confrontation technology.

[0004] The current technology still has the following problems: (1) In traditional simulations, it is difficult to accurately simulate the force conditions of chaff bombs in complex airflow environments. For example, the strong airflow generated by the aircraft flying and the difference in air density at different altitudes affect the movement of the chaff. (2) The simulation of the electromagnetic scattering characteristics of chaff to radar waves is crucial. Existing simulation methods often simplify the electromagnetic scattering characteristic model, resulting in a large deviation between the simulation results and the actual situation. (3) The simulation of airborne chaff bombs requires the processing of a large number of chaff particles. Traditional algorithms are inefficient in real-time calculation of the movement and electromagnetic characteristics of a large number of chaff wires. (4) The real battlefield environment is complex and changeable, with multiple factors such as terrain, weather, and electromagnetic interference. Current simulations are almost impossible to fully consider the impact of these complex factors on the interference effect of chaff.

[0005] With the development of three-dimensional particle effects technology, particle simulation can more realistically reproduce the movement and distribution of chaff munitions and calculate their scattering and reflection characteristics in real time under different environmental conditions, thereby improving the accuracy and reliability of the simulation. Furthermore, to meet battlefield demands, ensuring efficient computing and rapid strategy adjustments in real-time simulations has become a key technical requirement for improving the jamming effectiveness of chaff munitions. Therefore, to meet the accuracy, adaptability, and real-time requirements of airborne chaff munition simulations, a new type of three-dimensional particle simulation technology is urgently needed to better support the jamming needs of modern air combat environments. Summary of the Invention

[0006] Technical purpose: To solve the above technical problems, the present invention proposes an airborne chaff bomb simulation method based on three-dimensional particle effects to improve the accuracy, adaptability and real-time performance of the simulation.

[0007] Technical solution: To achieve the above technical objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0008] A method for simulating airborne chaff missiles based on three-dimensional particle effects includes the following steps:

[0009] Individual chaff particle modeling: Based on 3D particle effects technology, individual chaff model parameters are set, and a parametric model including electromagnetic scattering is established. The mass, aerodynamic characteristics, and flight environment-related parameters of each individual chaff are set to simulate the motion trajectory of a single chaff, the motion characteristics of the chaff cloud, and the electromagnetic scattering characteristics (RCS) of the chaff.

[0010] Complex environment modeling: including meteorological environment simulation models and electromagnetic environment simulation models. The meteorological environment simulation model is used to simulate the impact of different meteorological conditions on the movement and diffusion characteristics of chaff; the electromagnetic environment simulation model is used to calculate the propagation path and attenuation of radar waves in complex electromagnetic environments;

[0011] Particle-effect driven simulation calculations: Under the influence of the individual foil particle model and complex environment model, each individual foil is first particleized to extract its geometric properties, physical properties, and initial state parameters. Real-time calculations are then performed using GPU parallel computing methods to calculate the motion and diffusion characteristics of a large number of foil particles in three-dimensional space, obtaining the position, attitude, and overlap information of the foil particles. The position, velocity, and scattering characteristics of each particle are also updated in real time. Finally, radar wave illumination analysis is performed, and GPU rendering is used to process the position and attitude information of the foil particles to simulate the interaction between radar waves and the foil cloud.

[0012] 3D dynamic visualization output: Convert particle simulation results into 3D dynamic visualization scenes, superimpose electromagnetic scattering characteristics, and realize real-time display of the distribution and interference effects of chaff bombs at different heights and environments.

[0013] The technical solution of the present invention is further defined as follows: the specific steps of simulating the motion trajectory of a single foil strip are:

[0014] In the geodetic coordinate system XYZ, a single foil strip is subjected to the buoyancy f along the Y axis, the gravity G along the Y axis, and its velocity V. cs The opposite direction of the air resistance F cs The joint effect of

[0015] When the speed is less than 100m / s, the air resistance is expressed as:

[0016]

[0017] When the speed is greater than 100m / s, the air resistance is expressed as:

[0018]

[0019] Where ρ = dl / 4 is the equivalent projected area of ​​the foil strip, V x 、V y 、V z represents the velocity components of the foil strip in the three coordinate axes, d is the diameter of the foil strip, l is the length of the foil strip, ρ is the air density, C x 、C y 、C z is the resistance coefficient, and the specific expression is:

[0020]

[0021] Where a0 and a1 are constants. When the foil strip length is 5 cm, a0 = 1.8, a1 = 0.09. μ is the dynamic viscosity. In air, μ = 1.8 × 10 -5 ;

[0022] After the foil is spread out, it shows the characteristics of turbulent motion and diffusion, and its speed is the speed of the foil V0 and the speed of the wind V w The synthesis of

[0023]

[0024] In the formula θ0 is the angle between V0 and the X-axis and Z-axis; θ w V w Angles with the X-axis and Z-axis;

[0025] The buoyancy force on a single foil strip can be expressed as

[0026]

[0027] The self-gravity expression of the foil strip is: G = ρ b0 A v g=mg,where ρ b0 is the density of the foil strip, m is the mass of the foil strip, and g is the acceleration at different heights;

[0028] According to the above analysis of the force conditions, the speed of the foil at time t can be expressed as

[0029]

[0030] where ΔV x (t), ΔV y (t), ΔV z (t) is a random parameter, and the recursive expression of the components of the displacement d(t) on the three coordinate axes at any time t can be obtained, and the motion trajectory of a single foil strip can be obtained.

[0031]

[0032] Furthermore, the specific steps of simulating the motion characteristics of the chaff cloud are:

[0033] (1) Select 19×36 foil strips at the boundary of the foil strip cloud, where V0, θ0 is a constant value, V w It is also a fixed value. and θ w = [0, 2π), divided into 19 × 36 directions by π / 18;

[0034] (2) The displacement of 19 × 36 foil strips at any time is calculated using a single foil strip motion model. After converting the displacement into the position of each foil strip, the positions of these foil strips at any time are fitted using the ellipsoid fitting method to obtain the center of the foil strip cloud and the lengths of the three main semi-axes at any time.

[0035] (3) The movement trajectory of the chaff cloud can be obtained by connecting the centers of the chaff cloud at each moment. The displacement difference of the centers of the chaff cloud at two adjacent moments divided by the time difference can be obtained to obtain the average speed of the chaff cloud at each moment. The movement speed of the chaff cloud at each moment can be further calculated by the calculation formula of the length of each semi-axis of the chaff cloud and the volume of the ellipsoid Calculate the volume of the chaff cloud at any time.

[0036] Furthermore, when simulating the electromagnetic scattering characteristics RCS of the foil strip, the Rayleigh distribution curve is used to describe the radar reflection cross-sectional area of ​​the foil strip cloud, and the fitting formula is: Where η is the reduction coefficient caused by foil adhesion and damage, The average scattering area of ​​half-wavelength foil strips, N is the number of foil strips; σ RCS (t) is the radar cross-sectional area of ​​the chaff cloud; k is a constant, reflecting the maximum value of the radar cross-sectional area of ​​the chaff cloud; d is the parameter of the Rayleigh distribution, reflecting the effective duration of the chaff cloud.

[0037] Furthermore, in the particle special effect driven simulation calculation step, the step of extracting the initial loading parameters of the foil particles is:

[0038] The initial position of the chaff particles is determined by the launch position of the chaff launcher and the launch mechanism. The launch position of the chaff launcher is a spatial coordinate point that determines the starting spatial position of the chaff particles. The launch mechanism further affects the specific distribution of the particles around this coordinate point.

[0039] The initial velocity of the chaff particles is determined by the chaff launch speed and launch angle. The chaff launch speed determines the speed of the particles' initial movement, while the launch angle determines the direction of the particles' initial movement.

[0040] The acceleration of the foil particles is determined by gravity and air resistance.

[0041] Furthermore, in the particle special effect driven simulation calculation step, after the radar wave irradiates the chaff cloud, its distribution and posture are calculated based on the position information and overlapping information of the chaff particles, and the scattering situation is analyzed in real time.

[0042] Furthermore, in the three-dimensional dynamic visualization output step, the movement and scattering effects of the particle special effects are intuitively presented based on a graphics rendering method. In this process, each particle is given corresponding visual effects such as color and transparency according to the properties of the particles.

[0043] Furthermore, different brightness levels are set for the particles based on the radar wave scattering intensity. Chaff particles with high radar wave scattering intensity appear as brighter dots in the visualization, while those with low scattering intensity appear relatively darker. This difference in brightness allows the observer to clearly see the interference of the chaff cloud with radar waves. Simultaneously, effects such as the aggregation and dynamic diffusion of the chaff cloud are simulated. The aggregation effect of the chaff cloud can be demonstrated by changes in the distance between particles and the particle density. When particles approach each other and the density increases, an aggregation effect is observed. Dynamic diffusion is simulated by the particles continuously moving into the surrounding space over time, with the spacing between particles gradually increasing. The simulation of these effects enhances the realism of the visualization, making the observer feel as if they are immersed in a real scene of the interaction between the chaff cloud and radar waves.

[0044] Beneficial effects:

[0045] The method of the present invention aims to solve the problem of how to accurately simulate the combined effects of multiple forces such as aerodynamics, gravity, and electromagnetic force on foil strips based on particle special effects, and its motion trajectory complies with real physical laws, including the diffusion characteristics of foil strips under maneuvers such as aircraft acceleration, turning, and diving; at the same time, particle special effects are used to accurately simulate the radar wave scattering characteristics of foil strips in different shapes, lengths, materials, and different distribution densities, including considering the scattering response of multi-band radar wave irradiation-type foil strip bombs, so as to accurately present the changes in the echo signal; and while ensuring the simulation accuracy, the method reduces the computing resource usage through parallel computing methods, improves the real-time performance of large-scale particle simulation, and enables the simulation to run quickly and accurately in an environment with limited hardware resources of the computer system; in addition, the method also needs to solve the problem of incorporating complex environmental factors into the simulation model using particle special effects, such as the interaction between terrain such as mountains and sea surfaces on radar wave reflection and foil strip bomb scattering, and the influence of meteorological conditions such as rain, snow, and fog on electromagnetic signal propagation and foil strip performance. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0046] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of an embodiment of the present invention;

[0047] Figure 2 This is a simulation of chaff bomb launch in an environment without external weather conditions according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0048] Figure 3 This is a simulation of chaff bomb launch in a rainy environment according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0049] Figure 4 The RCS distribution of a single chaff bomb according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown;

[0050] Figure 5 This is the target echo situation of the embodiment of the present invention;

[0051] Figure 6 This is a simulation of chaff bomb launch in a rainy environment after parameter setting in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0052] Figure 7 The RCS distribution of a single chaff projectile after parameter setting according to the embodiment of the present invention;

[0053] Figure 8 This is the chaff target echo simulation result after parameter setting in the embodiment of the present invention;

[0054] Figure 9 The parameters of the embodiment of the present invention are set to simulate the rate of the rear chaff bomb. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0055] The embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0056] Example 1

[0057] A method for simulating airborne chaff missiles based on three-dimensional particle effects includes the following steps:

[0058] 1. Modeling of individual foil particles: Based on 3D particle effects technology, the parameters of the individual foil model are set, and a parametric model including electromagnetic scattering is established. The mass, aerodynamic characteristics and flight environment-related parameter information of each individual foil are set to simulate the motion trajectory of a single foil, the motion characteristics of the foil cloud and the electromagnetic scattering characteristics (RCS) of the foil.

[0059] The individual model parameters of the foil strips are set, including the length, width, thickness, and material (such as aluminum foil, aluminized glass fiber, etc.). Based on these parameters, a scattering model of electromagnetic parameters is established. The mass of each individual foil strip and the relevant parameter information required for aerodynamics are set to simulate the motion characteristics and electromagnetic scattering characteristics of a single individual foil strip in different aerial environments.

[0060] 1. The specific steps of simulating the motion trajectory of a single foil strip are:

[0061] In the geodetic coordinate system XYZ, a single foil strip is subjected to the buoyancy f along the Y axis, the gravity G along the Y axis, and its velocity V. cs The opposite direction of the air resistance F cs The joint effect of

[0062] When the speed is less than 100m / s, the air resistance is expressed as:

[0063]

[0064] When the speed is greater than 100m / s, the air resistance is expressed as:

[0065]

[0066] Where ρ = dl / 4 is the equivalent projected area of ​​the foil strip, V x 、V y 、V z represents the velocity components of the foil strip in the three coordinate axes, d is the diameter of the foil strip, l is the length of the foil strip, ρ is the air density, C x 、C y 、C z is the resistance coefficient, and the specific expression is:

[0067]

[0068] Where a0 and a1 are constants. When the foil strip length is 5 cm, a0 = 1.8, a1 = 0.09. μ is the dynamic viscosity. In air, μ = 1.8 × 10 -5 ;

[0069] After the foil is spread out, it shows the characteristics of turbulent motion and diffusion, and its speed is the speed of the foil V0 and the speed of the wind V w The synthesis of

[0070]

[0071] In the formula θ0 is the angle between V0 and the X-axis and Z-axis; θ w V w Angles with the X-axis and Z-axis;

[0072] The buoyancy force on a single foil strip can be expressed as

[0073]

[0074] In addition to the above forces, the self-weight of the foil strip is expressed as: G = ρ b0 A v g=mg,where ρ b0 is the density of the foil strip, m is the mass of the foil strip, and g is the acceleration at different heights;

[0075] According to the above analysis of the force conditions, the speed of the foil at time t can be expressed as

[0076]

[0077] where ΔV x (t), ΔV y (t), ΔV z (t) is a random parameter, and the recursive expression of the components of the displacement d(t) on the three coordinate axes at any time t can be obtained, and the motion trajectory of a single foil strip can be obtained.

[0078]

[0079] 2. The specific steps of simulating the motion characteristics of the chaff cloud are as follows:

[0080] (1) When the chaff is initially released from the airborne chaff bomb, the chaff is in turbulent diffusion motion, so the individual chaff is thrown in all directions. Because there is a lot of mass mixing and exchange between the two average streamlines in turbulence, the low-speed chaff is accelerated by the high-speed chaff mixed with it, and the high-speed chaff is decelerated in turn. Therefore, the chaff with the largest initial velocity is always at the boundary of the chaff cloud. Therefore, 19×36 chaff strips are selected at the boundary of the chaff cloud, where V0, θ0 is a constant value, V w It is also a fixed value. and θ w = [0, 2π), divided into 19 × 36 directions by π / 18;

[0081] (2) The displacement of 19×36 foil strips at any time is calculated using a single foil strip motion model. After converting the displacement into the position of each foil strip, the positions of these foil strips at any time are fitted using the ellipsoid fitting method to obtain the center of the foil strip cloud and the lengths of the three main semi-axes at any time.

[0082] (3) Connecting the centers of the chaff cloud at each moment can obtain the motion trajectory of the chaff cloud. The displacement difference of the centers of the chaff cloud at two adjacent moments divided by the time difference can obtain the average speed of the chaff cloud at each moment. The motion speed of the chaff cloud at each moment can be further calculated. The calculation formula of the length of each semi-axis of the chaff cloud and the volume of the ellipsoid is: The volume of the chaff cloud at any moment can be calculated.

[0083] 3. Electromagnetic scattering characteristics simulation: Based on the material and shape of the foil strip, multi-band electromagnetic simulation is used to calculate the scattering cross section of the foil strip under the action of radar waves of different wavelengths, and a particle model of the electromagnetic response is generated;

[0084] In the early stages of a chaff bomb explosion, the chaff has not yet fully dispersed, and the shielding effect in the cloud is more obvious. As the chaff quickly disperses, the RCS increases rapidly until it reaches its maximum value. When the volume of the chaff cloud is so large that part of the chaff cloud is outside the radar beam, the RCS decreases as the volume increases. The Rayleigh distribution curve is used in the simulation to describe the radar cross-sectional area of ​​the chaff cloud, and its fitting formula is

[0085] σ RCS (t) = ktexp(-t 2 / d 2 ) / d 2

[0086]

[0087] η is the reduction coefficient caused by foil adhesion and damage (0-1), The average scattering area of ​​half-wavelength foil strips, N is the number of foil strips. RCS (t) is the radar cross-section of the chaff cloud; k is a constant reflecting the maximum radar cross-section of the chaff cloud; d is the parameter of the Rayleigh distribution, reflecting the effective duration of the chaff cloud. Parameter k is related to the maximum RCS achievable by the chaff bomb and is generally required to be 3 to 5 times the aircraft's RCS.

[0088] 2. Complex environment modeling: including meteorological environment simulation model and electromagnetic environment simulation model. The meteorological environment simulation model is used to simulate the impact of different meteorological conditions on the movement and diffusion characteristics of foil strips; the electromagnetic environment simulation model is used to calculate the propagation path and attenuation of radar waves in complex electromagnetic environments.

[0089] 1. Meteorological environment simulation: This includes factors such as wind speed, direction, temperature, humidity, and the meteorological environment (rain, snow, fog, etc.). Different computational models are used to simulate the effects of different meteorological conditions on the movement and diffusion characteristics of the foil strips. For example, under the influence of wind, the foil strip particles and the forces acting on them are calculated based on wind speed and direction, altering their trajectory. In environments with large humidity fluctuations, the effect of water vapor on radar wave propagation is considered. While maintaining constant pressure, the temperature directly affects the air density ρ, which in turn affects the buoyancy of the foil strips, according to ρ = PM / RT.

[0090] 2. Electromagnetic environment simulation construction: Considering the electromagnetic characteristics of enemy radars, such as frequency, power, beam width and other parameters, as well as the electromagnetic radiation characteristics of our own electronic equipment, we establish a radio wave propagation model and calculate the propagation path and attenuation of radar waves in a complex electromagnetic environment.

[0091] Fine-tune the parameters related to chaff cloud movement and diffusion according to different environments to achieve a simulation effect that is more in line with reality.

[0092] 3. Particle special effects driven simulation calculation: Under the action of the individual foil particle model and the complex environment model, each individual foil is first particleized to extract the geometric properties, physical properties and initial state parameters of the foil; then real-time calculation is performed, and the GPU parallel computing method is used to calculate the motion and diffusion characteristics of a large number of foil particles in three-dimensional space to obtain the position information, attitude information and overlap information of the foil particles, and the position, velocity and scattering characteristics of each particle are updated in real time; finally, radar wave irradiation analysis is performed, and the position information and attitude information of the foil particles are processed by GPU rendering to simulate the interaction between radar waves and foil clouds.

[0093] In the particle special effect driven simulation calculation step, the step of extracting the initial loading parameters of the foil particles is as follows:

[0094] When constructing 3D particle effects, the first step is to represent them as particles. Each individual foil strip is precisely considered a particle with a variety of specific properties. These properties are set in a very detailed and comprehensive manner, covering a wide range of aspects, including the foil strip's geometric and physical properties. The foil strip's geometric properties include dimensional parameters such as length, width, and thickness, which clearly define the basic shape and size of the foil particle. Material physical parameters, such as the foil strip's density and elastic modulus, are based on the material's nature. These parameters will influence the interaction between the foil particle and the external environment (such as air resistance) in subsequent calculations.

[0095] At the same time, the particle's initial state parameters are also crucial. The particle's initial position is determined by the launch position of the chaff launcher and the launch mechanism. The launch position of the chaff launcher is a spatial coordinate point that determines the starting spatial position of the chaff particle, while the launch mechanism further influences the specific distribution of the particle's initial position around this coordinate point. The initial velocity is calculated based on the chaff launch speed and launch angle. The chaff launch speed determines the speed of the particle's initial motion, while the launch angle determines the direction of the particle's initial motion. Furthermore, acceleration is determined by gravity and air resistance. Gravity is a constant factor, exerting a constant downward force on the chaff particle; air resistance varies depending on the particle's motion state (such as speed and posture). These kinematic parameters together constitute the basic motion characteristics of the chaff particle in its initial state.

[0096] Struct SingleChaff{

[0097] double nLength;

[0098] double nWidth;

[0099] double nThick;

[0100] int nTexture;

[0101] double nInitDist;

[0102] float nInitSpeed;

[0103] float nAccelerate;}

[0104] In the particle special effect driven simulation calculation step, after the radar wave irradiates the chaff cloud, its distribution and posture are calculated based on the position information and overlap information of the chaff particles, and the scattering situation is analyzed in real time.

[0105] Next comes the real-time computation phase, which utilizes GPU parallel computing. Because the motion and diffusion characteristics of a large number of chaff particles must be calculated in three-dimensional space, GPU parallel computing can significantly improve computational efficiency. Specifically, particle computation tasks are rationally distributed among multiple computing units. This distribution is like breaking a large task into many smaller ones, with each computing unit responsible for a portion of the task and performing the computations simultaneously, significantly increasing computational speed.

[0106] Based on the calculation results of the above step (1), the position information, attitude information and related foil overlap information of each simulated foil strip can be obtained. The foil strip position information accurately describes the coordinate position of the foil strip particles in three-dimensional space. This position changes over time because the particles are moving. The attitude information reflects the direction and angle of the foil strip particles, such as whether the foil strip is placed horizontally, vertically or tilted at a certain angle. The foil strip overlap information reflects whether there is any intersection or overlap between different foil strip particles, which has an important impact on the subsequent physical simulation and visualization effect.

[0107] Furthermore, the position, velocity, scattering characteristics, and other parameter information of each particle are updated in real time based on the physical simulation and environmental model. The physical simulation takes into account the various forces acting on the particles (such as gravity and air resistance), thereby accurately calculating changes in particle position and velocity. The environmental model considers the impact of environmental factors (such as the influence of temperature and humidity on air resistance) on the particle scattering characteristics, allowing the various particle parameters to reflect real physical phenomena in real time.

[0108] At the code level, taking CUDA as an example, the following is a simplified pseudocode:

[0109] __global__void CalParticle(Particle*particles,int numParticles){

[0110] int idx=blockIdx.x*blockDim.x+threadIdx.x;

[0111] if(idx <numParticles){

[0112] Particle p=particles[idx];

[0113] p.velocity.x+=p.acceleration.x+dt;

[0114] p.velocity.y+=p.acceleration.y+dt;

[0115] p.velocity.z+=p.acceleration.z+dt;

[0116] p.position.x+=p.velocity.x+dt;

[0117] p.position.y+=p.velocity.y+dt;

[0118] p.position.z+=p.velocity.z+dt;

[0119] particles[idx]=p;

[0120] }.

[0121] 3. After the radar wave hits the chaff cloud, the scattering is analyzed in real time based on the distribution and orientation of the chaff filaments. The distribution of the chaff filaments depends on previously calculated information such as their position and overlap. Different distribution patterns lead to differences in radar wave scattering. This analysis provides a detailed description of the chaff filament distribution, such as their spatial density and distribution shape. Simultaneously, based on this information, the scattering center is calculated in real time. The scattering center is a key concept in describing the radar wave scattering effect of the chaff cloud, and its calculation directly impacts the assessment of the radar jamming effect.

[0122] 4. 3D dynamic visualization output: Convert the particle simulation results into a 3D dynamic visualization scene, superimpose the electromagnetic scattering characteristics, and realize the real-time display of the distribution and interference effect of chaff bombs at different heights and environments.

[0123] In the three-dimensional dynamic visualization output step, the movement and scattering effects of the particle special effects are intuitively presented based on a graphics rendering method. In this process, each particle is given corresponding visual effects such as color and transparency according to its properties.

[0124] Finally, the visualization rendering phase uses graphics rendering to intuitively present the movement and scattering effects of the particle effects. During this process, each particle is assigned visual effects such as color and transparency based on its properties. For example, particles are assigned different brightness levels based on the intensity of radar wave scattering. Chaff particles with high radar scattering intensity appear as brighter dots in the visualization, while those with low scattering intensity appear relatively darker. This brightness difference allows the observer to clearly see the interference of the chaff cloud with radar waves. Simultaneously, effects such as the aggregation and dynamic diffusion of the chaff cloud are simulated. The aggregation of the chaff cloud can be demonstrated by changes in the distance between particles and the density of the particles. When particles approach each other and the density increases, the effect of aggregation appears. Dynamic diffusion is simulated by gradually increasing the distance between particles as they move into the surrounding space over time. Simulating these effects enhances the realism of the visualization, making the observer feel as if they are actually experiencing the interaction between the chaff cloud and radar waves.

[0125] The actual working process of this embodiment is shown in the attached Figure 1 As shown in the figure, the simulation of chaff bomb launch in the absence of external weather conditions is as follows Figure 2 As shown in the figure, the simulation of chaff launch in rainy environment is as follows Figure 3 As shown, the RCS distribution of a single chaff bomb is as follows Figure 4 As shown, the target echo situation is as follows Figure 5 As shown, the specific workflow is:

[0126] Start simulation: Start the entire simulation process.

[0127] Set external environment information: Enter external environment parameters, such as terrain and environmental information.

[0128] Load radar waveform file: Import radar waveform data required for simulation.

[0129] Set chaff shell parameters: Configure the number of chaff shell release groups, release interval and other parameters.

[0130] Simulate the diffusion range: calculate the diffusion effect of chaff in the environment.

[0131] Particle special effects simulation driver: simulate particle diffusion behavior based on particle special effects.

[0132] Calculate RCS information for each step: Calculate the radar cross-section (RCS) information for each simulation step after diffusion.

[0133] Effect presentation: Display simulation effects.

[0134] Diffusion judgment: judge whether the diffusion is finished.

[0135] Simulation end: When the diffusion reaches the set conditions, the simulation ends.

[0136] In this embodiment, the parameters are set as follows: Enemy radar electromagnetic characteristic parameter information: frequency 9000MHz, pulse width: 10us, pulse repetition period: 100us, beam width: 10 degrees. Chaff bomb launch information: number of chaff wires 500,000, number of launch groups 5 groups, launch interval 1 second, chaff bomb duration 5 seconds, chaff bomb launch initial velocity 25 meters per second, launch azimuth 180 degrees, launch pitch 0 degrees. External environment information: altitude 1000 meters, wind speed 5 meters per second, wind direction 0 degrees, temperature 20 degrees Celsius, air density 0.4 kilograms per cubic meter. Carrier movement speed: 200 meters per second. After the parameters are set, the simulation results are as follows Figures 6-9 shown.

[0137] This embodiment uses 3D particle effects-based simulation technology for airborne chaff munitions, enabling highly realistic simulation of the chaff's explosion, diffusion, and disappearance during deployment, including its trajectory, diffusion distribution, and radar scattering effects. It also reflects actual combat scenarios, enabling the configuration of factors influencing chaff diffusion (such as wind speed and direction) based on pre-set models within the particle effects. Post-launch information can be calculated in real time based on the carrier aircraft's flight attitude and launch location. In air-to-air electronic warfare simulation technology, parameter adjustment allows for rapid simulation of various geographical environments, launch information, and weather conditions, accelerating the efficiency of electronic warfare simulations.

[0138] The above shows and describes the basic principles, main features and advantages of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that the above embodiments do not limit the present invention in any form, and any technical solutions obtained by equivalent replacement or equivalent transformation fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for simulating airborne chaff bombs based on three-dimensional particle effects, characterized in that: The following steps are included: Individual chaff particle modeling: Based on 3D particle effects technology, individual chaff model parameters are set, and a parametric model including electromagnetic scattering is established. The mass, aerodynamic characteristics, and flight environment-related parameters of each individual chaff are set to simulate the motion trajectory of a single chaff, the motion characteristics of the chaff cloud, and the electromagnetic scattering characteristics (RCS) of the chaff. Complex environment modeling: including meteorological environment simulation models and electromagnetic environment simulation models. The meteorological environment simulation model is used to simulate the impact of different meteorological conditions on the movement and diffusion characteristics of chaff; the electromagnetic environment simulation model is used to calculate the propagation path and attenuation of radar waves in complex electromagnetic environments; Particle-driven simulation: Using the individual chaff particle model and complex environment model, each chaff is first particleized to extract its geometric, physical, and initial state parameters. Real-time calculations are then performed using GPU parallel computing to calculate the motion and diffusion characteristics of a large number of chaff particles in three-dimensional space, obtaining their position, attitude, and overlap information. The position, velocity, and scattering characteristics of each particle are then updated in real time. Finally, radar wave illumination analysis is performed, using GPU rendering to process the position and attitude information of the chaff particles, simulating the interaction between radar waves and the chaff cloud. 3D dynamic visualization output: Convert particle simulation results into 3D dynamic visualization scenes, superimpose electromagnetic scattering characteristics, and realize real-time display of the distribution and interference effects of chaff bombs at different heights and environments.

2. A method for simulating an airborne chaff bomb based on three-dimensional particle effects according to claim 1, characterized in that: The specific steps of simulating the motion trajectory of a single foil strip are: In the geodetic coordinate system XYZ, a single foil strip is subjected to the buoyancy f along the Y axis, the gravity G along the Y axis, and the velocity Air resistance in the opposite direction The joint effect of When the speed is less than 100m / s, the air resistance is expressed as: ， When the speed is greater than 100m / s, the air resistance is expressed as: ， Where, is the equivalent projected area of ​​the foil strip, represents the velocity components of the foil strip in the three coordinate axes, is the diameter of the foil strip, is the length of the foil strip, is the air density, is the resistance coefficient, and the specific expression is: ， In the formula is a constant. When the foil strip length is 5 cm, , is the dynamic viscosity, in air ; After the foil strips are dispersed, they show turbulent motion and diffusion characteristics, and their speed is the speed of the foil strips. The speed of the wind The synthesis of ， In the formula for Angles with the X-axis and Z-axis; for Angles with the X-axis and Z-axis; The buoyancy force on a single foil strip can be expressed as ， The self-weight expression of the foil strip is: , where is the density of the foil strip, m is the mass of the foil strip, and g is the acceleration at different heights; According to the above analysis of the force conditions, the speed of the foil at time t can be expressed as ， in, As random parameters, we can get the recursive expressions of the displacement d(t) components on the three coordinate axes at any time t, and get the motion trajectory of a single foil strip. 。 3. A method for simulating an airborne chaff bomb based on three-dimensional particle effects according to claim 2, characterized in that: The specific steps to simulate the motion characteristics of chaff clouds are: (1) Select 19×36 foil strips at the boundary of the foil strip cloud, where is a fixed value, It is also a fixed value. and ,by Evenly divided into 19×36 directions; (2) The displacement of 19 × 36 foil strips at any time is calculated using a single foil strip motion model. After converting the displacement into the position of each foil strip, the positions of these foil strips at any time are fitted using the ellipsoid fitting method to obtain the center of the foil strip cloud and the lengths of the three main semi-axes at any time. (3) The movement trajectory of the chaff cloud can be obtained by connecting the centers of the chaff cloud at each moment. The displacement difference of the centers of the chaff cloud at two adjacent moments divided by the time difference can be obtained to obtain the average speed of the chaff cloud at each moment. The movement speed of the chaff cloud at each moment can be further calculated by the calculation formula of the length of each semi-axis of the chaff cloud and the volume of the ellipsoid Calculate the volume of the chaff cloud at any time.

4. A method for simulating an airborne chaff bomb based on three-dimensional particle effects according to claim 2, characterized in that: When simulating the electromagnetic scattering characteristics RCS of foil strips, the Rayleigh distribution curve is used to describe the radar reflection cross-sectional area of ​​the foil strip cloud. The fitting formula is: , where is the reduction factor caused by foil sticking and damage, The average scattering area of ​​half-wavelength foil strips, N is the number of foil strips; is the radar reflection cross-sectional area of ​​the chaff cloud; k is a constant, reflecting the maximum value of the radar reflection cross-sectional area of ​​the chaff cloud; d is the parameter of the Rayleigh distribution, reflecting the effective duration of the chaff cloud.

5. A method for simulating an airborne chaff bomb based on three-dimensional particle effects according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the particle special effect driven simulation calculation step, the step of extracting the initial loading parameters of the foil particles is: The initial position of the chaff particles is determined by the launch position of the chaff launcher and the launch mechanism. The launch position of the chaff launcher is a spatial coordinate point that determines the starting spatial position of the chaff particles. The launch mechanism further affects the specific distribution of the particles around this coordinate point. The initial velocity of the chaff particles is determined by the chaff launch speed and launch angle. The chaff launch speed determines the speed of the particles' initial movement, while the launch angle determines the direction of the particles' initial movement. The acceleration of the foil particles is determined by gravity and air resistance.

6. The airborne chaff bomb simulation method based on three-dimensional particle effects according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the particle special effect driven simulation calculation step, after the radar wave irradiates the chaff cloud, its distribution and posture are calculated based on the position information and overlap information of the chaff particles, and the scattering situation is analyzed in real time.

7. The airborne chaff bomb simulation method based on three-dimensional particle effects according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the three-dimensional dynamic visualization output step, the movement and scattering effects of the particle special effects are intuitively presented based on a graphics rendering method. In this process, each particle is given a corresponding color and transparency visual effect according to its properties.

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