Power management circuit in photovoltaic charging

Abstract

The invention discloses a power management circuit in photovoltaic charging, and relates to the field of electric energy storage, and the power management circuit in photovoltaic charging comprises a photovoltaic storage module which is used for converting solar energy into light energy and storing the light energy into a battery; the sampling voltage and the photosensitive voltage of the output voltage of the solar panel under the current sun illumination are collected and output to the solar panel rotating module; the solar panel rotating module is used for judging whether the photosensitive voltage is larger than the sampling voltage or not, and when the sampling voltage is larger than the photosensitive voltage, the driving motor drives the solar panel to rotate. Therefore, the efficiency of converting light energy into electric energy by the solar panel is improved. And a rotation rapid stopping module is arranged to rapidly stop the rotation of the solar panel after the solar panel is aligned with the sunlight, so that the solar panel is prevented from being overlarge in rotation amplitude and not aligned with the sunlight.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of electric energy storage, and in particular to a power management circuit in photovoltaic charging. Background Art

[0002] Photovoltaic charging is a device that converts solar energy into electrical energy. After converting solar energy into electrical energy, it is stored in a battery. The battery can be any form of storage device.

[0003] In existing photovoltaic charging, the position of solar panels is often fixed. In different time periods, the amount of sunlight received by the solar panels changes, making it impossible to obtain electricity efficiently, which needs to be improved. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a power management circuit for photovoltaic charging to solve the problems raised in the above background technology.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0006] A photovoltaic charging power management circuit, comprising:

[0007] The photovoltaic storage module is used to convert solar energy into light energy and store it in the battery; and collect the sampling voltage and photosensitive voltage of the solar panel output voltage under the current sunlight, and output it to the solar panel rotation module;

[0008] The solar panel rotation module is used to determine whether the photosensitive voltage is greater than the sampling voltage. When the sampling voltage is greater than the photosensitive voltage, the driving motor drives the solar panel to rotate until the photosensitive voltage is greater than the sampling voltage.

[0009] The rotation quick stop module is used to drive the motor to reverse after the photosensitive voltage is greater than the sampling voltage, and cut off after a delay to prevent the motor from rotating too much due to inertia;

[0010] The output end of the photovoltaic storage module is connected to the first input end of the solar panel rotation module, the output end of the solar panel rotation module is connected to the input end of the rotation quick stop module, and the output end of the rotation quick stop module is connected to the second input end of the solar panel rotation module.

[0011] As a further solution of the present invention: the photovoltaic storage module comprises:

[0012] A photoelectric conversion unit is used to convert solar energy into electrical energy and output it to a signal acquisition unit and an electrical energy storage unit;

[0013] The signal acquisition unit is used to collect the sampling voltage and photosensitive voltage of the output voltage of the photoelectric conversion unit under the current sunlight, and output it to the solar panel rotation module;

[0014] An electric energy storage unit is used to store electric energy for battery charging and disconnect the battery charging circuit when the battery voltage reaches a threshold value;

[0015] The output end of the photoelectric conversion unit is connected to the input end of the signal collection unit and the input end of the electric energy storage unit, and the output end of the signal collection unit is connected to the first input end of the solar panel rotation module.

[0016] As a further solution of the present invention: the photoelectric conversion unit includes a solar panel, a first diode, a second diode, and a first capacitor. The output end of the solar panel is connected to the positive electrode of the first diode, the negative electrode of the first diode is connected to one end of the first capacitor and the positive electrode of the second diode, the other end of the first capacitor is grounded, and the negative electrode of the second diode is connected to the input end of the signal acquisition unit and the input end of the electric energy storage unit.

[0017] As a further solution of the present invention: the signal acquisition unit includes a first resistor, a second resistor, a first potentiometer, a photoresistor, and a third resistor. One end of the first resistor is connected to one end of the photoresistor and the output end of the photoelectric conversion unit, the other end of the first resistor is connected to one end of the second resistor and the first input end of the solar panel rotation module, the other end of the second resistor is connected to one end of the first potentiometer, the other end of the first potentiometer is grounded, the other end of the photoresistor is connected to one end of the third resistor and the first input end of the solar panel rotation module, and the other end of the third resistor is grounded.

[0018] As a further solution of the present invention: the electric energy storage unit includes a first MOS tube, a first amplifier, a battery, a fourth resistor, and a fifth resistor. The S pole of the first MOS tube is connected to the output end of the photoelectric conversion unit, the D pole of the first MOS tube is connected to the positive pole of the battery and one end of the fourth resistor, the negative pole of the battery is grounded, the other end of the fourth resistor is connected to one end of the fifth resistor and the non-inverting end of the first amplifier, the other end of the fifth resistor is grounded, the inverting end of the first amplifier is connected to the reference voltage, and the output end of the first amplifier is connected to the G pole of the first MOS tube.

[0019] As a further solution of the present invention: the solar panel rotation module includes a second amplifier, a first switch, a motor, and a second switch. The in-phase end of the first amplifier is connected to the output end of the photovoltaic storage module, the inverting end of the first amplifier is connected to the output end of the photovoltaic storage module, the output end of the first amplifier is connected to the first end of the first switch, the third end of the first switch is grounded, the second end of the first switch is connected to one end of the motor and the input end of the rotation quick stop module, the other end of the motor is connected to the first end of the second switch, the second end of the second switch is grounded, and the third end of the second switch is connected to the output end of the rotation quick stop module.

[0020] As a further solution of the present invention: the rotation quick stop module includes a sixth resistor, a seventh resistor, an eighth resistor, a second MOS tube, a first thyristor, a third MOS tube, a third diode, a second capacitor, a second potentiometer, an eighth resistor, a fourth diode, and a first relay. One end of the sixth resistor is connected to the output end of the solar panel rotation module, the other end of the sixth resistor is connected to one end of the seventh resistor, the control electrode of the first thyristor, and the G electrode of the third MOS tube, the other end of the seventh resistor is grounded, the positive electrode of the first thyristor is connected to the D electrode of the second MOS tube, the S electrode of the second MOS tube is connected to one end of the eighth resistor, the other end of the eighth resistor is connected to the power supply voltage, the negative electrode of the first thyristor is connected to the S electrode of the third MOS tube, the D electrode of the third MOS tube is connected to the second input end of the solar panel rotation module, one end of the first relay, the negative electrode of the fourth diode, and one end of the eighth resistor. The other end of the first relay is grounded, the positive electrode of the fourth diode is grounded, the other end of the eighth resistor is connected to one end of the second potentiometer, the other end of the second potentiometer is connected to the negative electrode of the third diode and one end of the second capacitor, the other end of the second capacitor is grounded, and the positive electrode of the third diode is connected to the G electrode of the second MOS tube.

[0021] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: the present invention provides a solar panel rotation module, which can rotate the solar panel according to the different positions of the sun to align it with the sunlight, thereby improving the efficiency of the solar panel in converting light energy into electrical energy; and a rotation quick stop module is provided to quickly stop the rotation of the solar panel after the solar panel is aligned with the sunlight, thereby preventing the solar panel from rotating too much and not aligning with the sunlight. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] Figure 1 The schematic diagram of a power management circuit in photovoltaic charging.

[0023] Figure 2 A circuit diagram of a photovoltaic storage module.

[0024] Figure 3 Circuit diagram for the solar panel rotation module.

[0025] Figure 4 This is the circuit diagram of the rotary quick stop module. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0026] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0027] See also Figure 1, a photovoltaic charging power management circuit, comprising:

[0028] Photovoltaic storage module 1 is used to convert solar energy into light energy and store it in battery E1; and collect the sampling voltage and photosensitive voltage of the output voltage of solar panel X under the current sunlight, and output it to solar panel rotation module 2;

[0029] The solar panel rotation module 2 is used to determine whether the photosensitive voltage is greater than the sampling voltage. When the sampling voltage is greater than the photosensitive voltage, the driving motor M drives the solar panel X to rotate until the photosensitive voltage is greater than the sampling voltage.

[0030] The rotation fast stop module 3 is used to drive the motor M to reverse after the photosensitive voltage is greater than the sampling voltage, and cut off after a delay to prevent the motor M from rotating too much due to inertia;

[0031] The output end of the photovoltaic storage module 1 is connected to the first input end of the solar panel rotation module 2, the output end of the solar panel rotation module 2 is connected to the input end of the rotation quick stop module 3, and the output end of the rotation quick stop module 3 is connected to the second input end of the solar panel rotation module 2.

[0032] In this example: See Figure 2 , the photovoltaic storage module 1 comprises:

[0033] A photoelectric conversion unit is used to convert solar energy into electrical energy and output it to a signal acquisition unit and an electrical energy storage unit;

[0034] The signal acquisition unit is used to collect the sampling voltage and photosensitive voltage of the output voltage of the photoelectric conversion unit under the current sunlight, and output it to the solar panel rotation module 2;

[0035] The electric energy storage unit is used to charge the battery E1 and store electric energy, and when the voltage of the battery E1 reaches a threshold, the charging circuit of the battery E1 is disconnected;

[0036] The output end of the photoelectric conversion unit is connected to the input end of the signal acquisition unit and the input end of the electric energy storage unit, and the output end of the signal acquisition unit is connected to the first input end of the solar panel rotation module 2 .

[0037] In this example: See Figure 2 The photoelectric conversion unit includes a solar panel X, a first diode D1, a second diode D2, and a first capacitor C1. The output end of the solar panel X is connected to the positive electrode of the first diode D1, the negative electrode of the first diode D1 is connected to one end of the first capacitor C1 and the positive electrode of the second diode D2, the other end of the first capacitor C1 is grounded, and the negative electrode of the second diode D2 is connected to the input end of the signal acquisition unit and the input end of the electric energy storage unit.

[0038] The solar panel X converts solar energy into electrical energy output, which forms a stable voltage after passing through the first diode D1 and the first capacitor C1 and is output to the subsequent circuit.

[0039] In another embodiment, a resistor may be added to limit the output current of the solar panel X.

[0040] In this example: See Figure 2 The signal acquisition unit includes a first resistor R1, a second resistor R2, a first potentiometer RP1, a photoresistor RW, and a third resistor R3. One end of the first resistor R1 is connected to one end of the photoresistor RW and the output end of the photoelectric conversion unit, the other end of the first resistor R1 is connected to one end of the second resistor R2 and the first input end of the solar panel rotation module 2, the other end of the second resistor R2 is connected to one end of the first potentiometer RP1, the other end of the first potentiometer RP1 is grounded, the other end of the photoresistor RW is connected to one end of the third resistor R3 and the first input end of the solar panel rotation module 2, and the other end of the third resistor R3 is grounded.

[0041] When the circuit starts to be debugged, the resistance value of the first potentiometer RP1 is adjusted so that, under the premise that the solar panel X is facing the sunlight, the voltage at the common point A is slightly lower than the voltage at the common point B. The voltage at the common point A is used as the sampling voltage, and the voltage at the common point B is used as the photosensitive voltage, which are fed back to the solar panel rotation module 2.

[0042] In another embodiment, the positions of the third resistor R3 and the photoresistor RW can be replaced, but the circuit of the solar panel rotation module 2 needs to be adjusted accordingly.

[0043] In this example: See Figure 2 The electric energy storage unit includes a first MOS tube V1, a first amplifier U1, a battery E1, a fourth resistor R4, and a fifth resistor R5. The S pole of the first MOS tube V1 is connected to the output end of the photoelectric conversion unit, the D pole of the first MOS tube V1 is connected to the positive pole of the battery E1 and one end of the fourth resistor R4, the negative pole of the battery E1 is grounded, the other end of the fourth resistor R4 is connected to one end of the fifth resistor R5 and the non-inverting end of the first amplifier U1, the other end of the fifth resistor R5 is grounded, the inverting end of the first amplifier U1 is connected to the reference voltage VREF, and the output end of the first amplifier U1 is connected to the G pole of the first MOS tube V1.

[0044] When the battery E1 is low on power, the voltage at the in-phase terminal of the first amplifier U1 is lower than the reference voltage, the first amplifier U1 outputs a low level, the first MOS tube V1 is turned on, and the battery E1 is charged. As the battery E1 is charged, the voltage at the in-phase terminal of the first amplifier U1 is higher than the reference voltage, the first amplifier U1 outputs a high level, and the first MOS tube V1 is turned off, thereby preventing the battery E1 from being overcharged.

[0045] In another embodiment: the reference voltage VREF can be obtained by intercepting the output voltage of the solar panel X through a voltage regulator tube.

[0046] In this example: See Figure 3 The solar panel rotation module 2 includes a second amplifier U2, a first switch S1, a motor M, and a second switch S2. The in-phase end of the first amplifier U1 is connected to the output end of the photovoltaic storage module 1, the inverting end of the first amplifier U1 is connected to the output end of the photovoltaic storage module 1, the output end of the first amplifier U1 is connected to the first end of the first switch S1, the third end of the first switch S1 is grounded, the second end of the first switch S1 is connected to one end of the motor M and the input end of the rotation quick stop module 3, the other end of the motor M is connected to the first end of the second switch S2, the second end of the second switch S2 is grounded, and the third end of the second switch S2 is connected to the output end of the rotation quick stop module 3.

[0047] Initially, the solar panel X is directed toward the sunlight, and the resistance value of the first potentiometer RP1 is adjusted so that the voltage at the common point A is slightly lower than the voltage at the common point B. At this time, the second amplifier U2 outputs a low level, and the motor M does not rotate. As time goes by, the sun moves, the output voltage of the solar panel X decreases, and the voltages at the common points A and B decrease. At the same time, the light received by the photoresistor RW (set on the same plane where the solar panel X receives sunlight) decreases, and the voltage at the common point B decreases further, causing the voltage at the common point A to be higher than the voltage at the common point B. The second amplifier U2 outputs a high level. A loop is formed through the first end of the first switch S1, the second end of the first switch S1, the motor M, the first end of the second switch S2, the second end of the second switch S2, and the grounding point. The motor M rotates to drive the solar panel X to make a circular motion. When the solar panel X rotates and is aligned with the sunlight, the output voltage of the solar panel X increases, and the voltages of the common points A and B rise. At the same time, the light received by the photoresistor RW increases, and the voltage of the common point B further rises, resulting in the voltage of the common point A being lower than the voltage of the common point B. The second amplifier U2 outputs a low level and stops supplying power to the motor M.

[0048] In another embodiment: the first switch S1 and the second switch S2 together constitute a double-pole double-throw switch, or may be constituted by two single-pole double-throw switches.

[0049] In this example: See Figure 4The rotation quick stop module 3 includes a sixth resistor R6, a seventh resistor R7, an eighth resistor R8, a second MOS tube V2, a first thyristor Z1, a third MOS tube V3, a third diode D3, a second capacitor C2, a second potentiometer RP2, an eighth resistor R8, a fourth diode D4, and a first relay J1. One end of the sixth resistor R6 is connected to the output end of the solar panel rotation module 2, and the other end of the sixth resistor R6 is connected to one end of the seventh resistor R7, the control electrode of the first thyristor Z1, and the G electrode of the third MOS tube V3. The other end of the seventh resistor R7 is grounded, the positive electrode of the first thyristor Z1 is connected to the D electrode of the second MOS tube V2, and the S electrode of the second MOS tube V2 is connected to the eighth resistor R 8, the other end of the eighth resistor R8 is connected to the power supply voltage VCC, the cathode of the first thyristor Z1 is connected to the S electrode of the third MOS tube V3, the D electrode of the third MOS tube V3 is connected to the second input end of the solar panel rotation module 2, one end of the first relay J1, the cathode of the fourth diode D4, and one end of the eighth resistor R8, the other end of the first relay J1 is grounded, the anode of the fourth diode D4 is grounded, the other end of the eighth resistor R8 is connected to one end of the second potentiometer RP2, the other end of the second potentiometer RP2 is connected to the cathode of the third diode D3 and one end of the second capacitor C2, the other end of the second capacitor C2 is grounded, and the anode of the third diode D3 is connected to the G electrode of the second MOS tube V2.

[0050] When the power supply to the motor M stops, the motor M will continue to rotate due to inertia, so a reaction force needs to be provided to stop the motor M quickly; when the common point C is at a high level (the second amplifier U2 supplies power to the motor M), the first thyristor Z1 is turned on, and when the common point C is at a low level (the second amplifier U2 stops supplying power to the motor M), the third MOS tube V3 is turned on, so that the common point F is at a high level, and at the same time the first relay J1 works, so that the second end of the first switch S1 is connected to the third end, and the first end of the second switch S2 is connected to the third end, at this time, the common point F, the third end of the second switch S2, the first end of the second switch S2, the motor M, the second end of the first switch S1, the third end of the first switch S1, and the return line of the grounding point are formed. The motor M reverses; at the same time, the high level of the common point F charges the second capacitor C2 through the eighth resistor R8 and the second potentiometer RP2. When the second capacitor C2 is charged to a level sufficient to conduct the third diode D3 (voltage regulator diode), the second MOS tube V2 is cut off, and the common point F becomes a low level. After the second capacitor C2 is discharged, the circuit returns to the initial state; therefore, the time when the second capacitor C2 is charged to a level sufficient to conduct the third diode D3 is the time when the motor M reverses. Initially, the time when the motor M reverses is set by adjusting the resistance value of the second potentiometer RP2 to ensure that the motor M stops rotating quickly after the reversal effect is applied to the motor M (the voltage applied when the motor M rotates forward is the output fixed voltage of the second amplifier U2). The supply voltage VCC is converted from the output voltage of the solar panel X.

[0051] In another embodiment, the time for setting the motor M to reverse is related to the initial voltage difference between the common points A and B. If the initial voltage difference between the common points A and B is too large, the motor M reverse time can also be set to be too long.

[0052] The working principle of the present invention is as follows: the photovoltaic storage module 1 is used to convert solar energy into light energy and store it in the battery E1; and collect the sampling voltage and photosensitive voltage of the output voltage of the solar panel X under the current sunlight, and output them to the solar panel rotation module 2; the solar panel rotation module 2 is used to determine whether the photosensitive voltage is greater than the sampling voltage. When the sampling voltage is greater than the photosensitive voltage, the driving motor M drives the solar panel X to rotate until the photosensitive voltage is greater than the sampling voltage; the rotation fast stop module 3 is used to drive the motor M to reverse after the photosensitive voltage is greater than the sampling voltage, and cut off after a delay to avoid excessive rotation of the motor M due to inertia.

[0053] This application converts solar energy into electrical energy for storage (or conventional solar energy to electrical energy circuit), which can be used in conjunction with a visual positioning system and a lighting system to achieve wireless charging, for example:

[0054] Wireless energy supply systems for electric vehicles:

[0055] First, an electric car equipped with the present application drives into a set area (such as a parking lot or a charging station, etc.), and then the visual positioning system finds and locates the specific position of the electric car, and sends a light-emitting instruction to the lighting system. Then the lighting system receives the specific coordinates and lighting parameters, and accurately directs the light to the solar panel of the electric car to wirelessly charge the electric car.

[0056] Wireless power supply system for mobile phones;

[0057] First, bring a mobile phone equipped with the present application into an indoor space (such as a study, office space or conference room, etc.), place the mobile phone flat on the table, and when the back of the mobile phone covered with the solar panel faces upward, the visual positioning system finds and locates the specific position of the mobile phone, and sends a light-emitting instruction to the lighting system. Then the lighting system receives the specific coordinates and lighting parameters, and accurately directs the light to the solar panel part on the mobile phone to wirelessly charge the mobile phone.

[0058] Wireless power supply system for tablet computers;

[0059] First, bring a tablet computer equipped with the device adapted for this application into an indoor space (such as a study, office space or conference room, etc.), place the tablet computer flat on the table, and when the back of the tablet computer covered with the solar panel faces upward, the visual positioning system finds and locates the specific position of the tablet computer, and sends a light-emitting instruction to the lighting system. Then the lighting system receives the specific coordinates and lighting parameters, and accurately directs the light to the solar panel part on the tablet computer to wirelessly charge the tablet computer.

[0060] Wireless power supply system for laptop computers;

[0061] First, bring a laptop computer equipped with the device adapted for the present invention into an indoor space (such as a study, office space or conference room, etc.), place the laptop computer flat on the table, and when the outer surface of the laptop computer covered with the solar panel faces upward, the visual positioning system finds and locates the specific position of the laptop computer, and sends a light-emitting instruction to the lighting system. Then the lighting system receives the specific coordinates and lighting parameters, and accurately directs the light to the solar panel part on the laptop computer to wirelessly charge the laptop computer.

[0062] Wireless power supply systems for wireless computer peripherals;

[0063] First, bring the wireless computer peripherals equipped with the adaptation of the present invention into an indoor space (such as a study, office space or conference room, etc.), and place the wireless computer peripherals flat on the table. When the outer surface of the wireless computer peripherals covered with the solar panel faces upward, the visual positioning system finds and locates the specific position of the wireless computer peripherals, and sends the light instruction to the lighting system. Then the lighting system receives the specific coordinates and lighting parameters, and accurately directs the light to the solar panel part on the wireless computer peripherals to wirelessly charge the wireless computer peripherals.

[0064] The main function of the visual positioning system is to identify and track objects within the field of view to determine their position and direction, so as to accurately locate the position of solar panels so that the lighting system can effectively focus and enhance light energy onto these cells. Its components include but are not limited to cameras and image acquisition devices, image processing units, deep learning and computer vision algorithms, positioning and tracking algorithms, control system interfaces, software and user interfaces, data storage and communication modules.

[0065] The camera is the most basic element in the visual positioning system, which is used to capture image data in the environment. These cameras may be monocular, binocular or cameras with depth perception. The image processing unit is responsible for extracting useful information from the raw image received by the camera. This usually involves computational processes such as image preprocessing, feature extraction, and object recognition. Deep learning models and computer vision algorithms are used to analyze images, identify and locate objects in the image. Common algorithms include convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and other machine learning models that can identify the shape, size and other features of objects. Once the positioning and tracking algorithms identify the objects, the system will use various algorithms to track the position and movement of these objects in space. This may include the use of filters (such as Kalman filters) or optical flow technology. The control system interface helps the visual positioning system to pass the processed position information to the control system, and the control system adjusts the direction and intensity of the lighting system based on this information to optimize the charging efficiency of the solar cell. The software and user interface allow the operator to monitor and adjust the settings of the visual positioning system, while displaying system status and diagnostic information. The data storage and communication module is used to store image and position data, and to exchange data with other system components (such as the present application and the lighting system).

[0066] The cameras and image acquisition devices include but are not limited to monocular cameras, binocular cameras, infrared cameras, depth cameras, panoramic cameras, high-speed cameras, and industrial cameras.

[0067] The image processing unit includes, but is not limited to, embedded systems, computer vision-specific hardware, PC-based systems, cloud computing platforms, edge computing devices, and dedicated image processing software. The embedded system usually includes a microprocessor or digital signal processor (DSP) with image processing capabilities. These devices can perform image preprocessing near the camera, such as filtering, edge detection, color conversion, etc. Computer vision-specific hardware includes GPU (graphics processing unit), FPGA (field programmable gate array) or ASIC (application specific integrated circuit). These hardware can provide higher processing speed and efficiency and are suitable for complex image processing tasks. PC-based systems include personal computers or industrial computers, which use their powerful CPUs and GPUs to process image data. Such systems usually perform well in data processing capabilities and flexibility, but may not be as good as embedded systems in size and energy consumption. For applications with extremely high data processing requirements or large-scale storage, cloud computing platforms may send image data to the cloud for processing. Cloud platforms can provide almost unlimited computing resources and storage space, while supporting advanced machine learning and deep learning algorithms. Edge computing devices combine the power of cloud computing with the instant response capabilities of embedded systems. Such devices perform most of the data processing locally and only send necessary information to the cloud, which helps reduce latency and bandwidth consumption. Dedicated image processing software includes specialized image processing software that runs on the above hardware platform and is responsible for implementing specific image analysis and processing functions, such as object recognition, motion tracking, 3D modeling, etc.

[0068] Deep learning and computer vision algorithms include, but are not limited to, convolutional neural networks (CNNs), recurrent neural networks (RNNs), generative adversarial networks (GANs), object detection algorithms, image segmentation algorithms, optical flow algorithms, feature matching and stereo vision algorithms, and depth estimation algorithms. CNNs are the most commonly used network structures for image recognition and processing in deep learning. They extract hierarchical features in images through multiple layers of convolutional layers, and are very suitable for image classification, object detection, and image segmentation tasks. RNNs are mainly used for sequence data processing (such as speech or text). When processing video data, RNNs can be used to analyze images in time series, identify behavioral patterns in videos, or predict future actions. GANs are usually used to generate new image data, but can also be used for tasks such as enhancing image quality and performing image conversion, such as converting daytime images into nighttime scenes. Object detection algorithms such as YOLO (You Only Look Once), SSD (Single Shot MultiDetector), and Faster R-CNN can identify multiple objects and their locations in an image in a single forward propagation. Image segmentation algorithms such as U-Net and Mask R-CNN are used to classify each pixel in an image into different object categories, which are suitable for scene understanding and medical image processing. The optical flow algorithm is used to estimate the motion changes of each image pixel and is widely used in motion detection, video compression, and video effect generation. Feature matching and stereo vision algorithms such as SIFT (Scale-Invariant Feature Transform) and SURF (Speeded UpRobust Features) are used to find corresponding points between different images and are often used for image stitching and 3D scene reconstruction. The depth estimation algorithm uses a single image or image pair to recover depth information, which helps to perform 3D modeling in the absence of physical depth perception equipment.

[0069] The positioning and tracking algorithms include but are not limited to optical flow, Kalman filter, particle filter, Mean Shift and CamShift algorithms, multi-object tracking (MOT), deep learning tracking algorithms, and tracking using 3D information. The optical flow method is used to estimate the motion of objects or scenes in an image sequence. It calculates speed and direction based on the visual movement of the observation point between consecutive frames. The Kalman filter is a prediction-correction technique for estimating continuous time data. It is widely used in tracking and control systems, especially when dealing with noisy data. The particle filter, or sequential Monte Carlo method, represents the probability distribution through a set of random samples (particles) and is used for tracking problems of nonlinear and non-Gaussian processes. Mean Shift is a tracking algorithm based on the gradient ascent method that tracks the target by iteratively finding the maximum value of the probability density function. CamShift is a variant of Mean Shift that can adapt to changes in target size.

[0070] It is obvious to those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the details of the exemplary embodiments described above, and that the present invention can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential features of the present invention. Therefore, the embodiments should be considered as exemplary and non-restrictive in all respects.

[0071] In addition, it should be understood that although the present specification is described according to implementation modes, not every implementation mode contains only one independent technical solution. This description of the specification is only for the sake of clarity. Those skilled in the art should regard the specification as a whole. The technical solutions in each embodiment may also be appropriately combined to form other implementation modes that can be understood by those skilled in the art.

Claims

1. A power management circuit for photovoltaic charging, characterized in that: The photovoltaic charging power management circuit includes: The photovoltaic storage module is used to convert solar energy into light energy and store it in the battery; and collect the sampling voltage and photosensitive voltage of the solar panel output voltage under the current sunlight, and output it to the solar panel rotation module; The solar panel rotation module is used to determine whether the photosensitive voltage is greater than the sampling voltage. When the sampling voltage is greater than the photosensitive voltage, the driving motor drives the solar panel to rotate until the photosensitive voltage is greater than the sampling voltage. The rotation quick stop module is used to drive the motor to reverse after the photosensitive voltage is greater than the sampling voltage, and cut off after a delay to prevent the motor from rotating too much due to inertia; The output end of the photovoltaic storage module is connected to the first input end of the solar panel rotation module, the output end of the solar panel rotation module is connected to the input end of the rotation quick stop module, and the output end of the rotation quick stop module is connected to the second input end of the solar panel rotation module.

2. The photovoltaic charging power management circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that: Photovoltaic storage modules include: A photoelectric conversion unit is used to convert solar energy into electrical energy and output it to a signal acquisition unit and an electrical energy storage unit; The signal acquisition unit is used to collect the sampling voltage and photosensitive voltage of the output voltage of the photoelectric conversion unit under the current sunlight, and output it to the solar panel rotation module; An electric energy storage unit is used to store electric energy for battery charging and disconnect the battery charging circuit when the battery voltage reaches a threshold value; The output end of the photoelectric conversion unit is connected to the input end of the signal collection unit and the input end of the electric energy storage unit, and the output end of the signal collection unit is connected to the first input end of the solar panel rotation module.

3. The photovoltaic charging power management circuit according to claim 2, characterized in that: The photoelectric conversion unit includes a solar panel, a first diode, a second diode, and a first capacitor. The output end of the solar panel is connected to the positive electrode of the first diode, the negative electrode of the first diode is connected to one end of the first capacitor and the positive electrode of the second diode, the other end of the first capacitor is grounded, and the negative electrode of the second diode is connected to the input end of the signal acquisition unit and the input end of the electric energy storage unit.

4. The photovoltaic charging power management circuit according to claim 2, characterized in that: The signal acquisition unit includes a first resistor, a second resistor, a first potentiometer, a photoresistor, and a third resistor. One end of the first resistor is connected to one end of the photoresistor and the output end of the photoelectric conversion unit, the other end of the first resistor is connected to one end of the second resistor and the first input end of the solar panel rotation module, the other end of the second resistor is connected to one end of the first potentiometer, the other end of the first potentiometer is grounded, the other end of the photoresistor is connected to one end of the third resistor and the first input end of the solar panel rotation module, and the other end of the third resistor is grounded.

5. The photovoltaic charging power management circuit according to claim 2, characterized in that: The electric energy storage unit includes a first MOS tube, a first amplifier, a battery, a fourth resistor, and a fifth resistor. The S pole of the first MOS tube is connected to the output end of the photoelectric conversion unit, the D pole of the first MOS tube is connected to the positive pole of the battery and one end of the fourth resistor, the negative pole of the battery is grounded, the other end of the fourth resistor is connected to one end of the fifth resistor and the non-inverting end of the first amplifier, the other end of the fifth resistor is grounded, the inverting end of the first amplifier is connected to the reference voltage, and the output end of the first amplifier is connected to the G pole of the first MOS tube.

6. The photovoltaic charging power management circuit according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The solar panel rotation module includes a second amplifier, a first switch, a motor, and a second switch. The in-phase end of the first amplifier is connected to the output end of the photovoltaic storage module, the inverting end of the first amplifier is connected to the output end of the photovoltaic storage module, the output end of the first amplifier is connected to the first end of the first switch, the third end of the first switch is grounded, the second end of the first switch is connected to one end of the motor and the input end of the rotation quick stop module, the other end of the motor is connected to the first end of the second switch, the second end of the second switch is grounded, and the third end of the second switch is connected to the output end of the rotation quick stop module.

7. The photovoltaic charging power management circuit according to claim 6, characterized in that: The rotation quick stop module includes a sixth resistor, a seventh resistor, an eighth resistor, a second MOS tube, a first thyristor, a third MOS tube, a third diode, a second capacitor, a second potentiometer, an eighth resistor, a fourth diode, and a first relay. One end of the sixth resistor is connected to the output end of the solar panel rotation module, the other end of the sixth resistor is connected to one end of the seventh resistor, the control electrode of the first thyristor, and the G electrode of the third MOS tube, the other end of the seventh resistor is grounded, the positive electrode of the first thyristor is connected to the D electrode of the second MOS tube, the S electrode of the second MOS tube is connected to one end of the eighth resistor, the other end of the eighth resistor is connected to the power supply voltage, the negative electrode of the first thyristor is connected to the S electrode of the third MOS tube, the D electrode of the third MOS tube is connected to the second input end of the solar panel rotation module, one end of the first relay, the negative electrode of the fourth diode, and one end of the eighth resistor. The other end of the first relay is grounded, the positive electrode of the fourth diode is grounded, the other end of the eighth resistor is connected to one end of the second potentiometer, the other end of the second potentiometer is connected to the negative electrode of the third diode and one end of the second capacitor, the other end of the second capacitor is grounded, and the positive electrode of the third diode is connected to the G electrode of the second MOS tube.

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