Hybrid turf

Abstract

A hybrid turf (10) is described, the hybrid turf (10) comprising a plurality of synthetic fibers (3) grouped into strands (11), each strand (11) comprising a plurality of fibrous elements (12); characterized in that the mixed turf (10) comprises a first biodegradable mesh (7); the first biodegradable web (7) and / or the fibrous element (12) comprises a polymer composition comprising a polymer selected from the group consisting of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA), 1, 4-butanediol, copolymers of succinic acid and adipic acid (PBSA), polybutylene succinate (PBS), or mixtures thereof.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of turf, in particular to mixed turf. Background Art

[0002] Hybrid turf is known to be part soil, which includes natural (grass) and synthetic fibers appropriately interwoven to obtain part turf. The reinforcement of natural fibers (natural grass) with synthetic fibers (artificial grass) ensures that stability and a uniform playing surface are obtained immediately after installation.

[0003] The grass crown (heart) is then placed between artificial fibers covered with sand, thus preventing wear and tear damage.

[0004] In some cases, synthetic turf is confined to an open-weave backing and filled with a specific sand.

[0005] In other cases, synthetic turf is not provided with a backing element and is "sewn" directly into the soil.

[0006] Applicant has observed that whenever a new hybrid turf mat is installed at a site of use, the synthetic components of the old worn hybrid turf mat must be completely removed from the soil before the new hybrid turf can be installed. Removal of worn hybrid turf mats may not be easy because the hybrid turf mat is often closely connected to the roots of natural grass plants. Disposal of worn hybrid turf mats is challenging because the mixture of natural grass, soil and synthetic materials cannot be recycled without separation and cleaning, and its disposal is costly and therefore has a significant impact on the environment.

[0007] As a result, the Applicant has observed that more and more hybrid and artificial grass manufacturers have begun to replace traditional fiber and backing materials with biodegradable materials.

[0008] For example, international patent application WO 2007 / 114686 describes the use of biodegradable synthetic fibers consisting of starch and polylactic acid (PLA).

[0009] However, the Applicant has observed that the biodegradable fibers used to date do not allow for an accurate estimation of the biodegradation time.

[0010] In reality, biodegradation is a process that depends on a variety of environmental factors and the actual life expectancy of the artificial or hybrid turf mat.

[0011] The Applicant addressed the problem of a mixed turf which is simple and economical to implement and whose disposal does not cause a great impact on the environment.

[0012] Applicants also addressed the problem of implementing a turf mix with a precise biodegradation time.

[0013] The applicant also raises the issue of the environmental impact of plastics currently used for this application, as they come into direct contact with soil and aquifers. Summary of the invention

[0014] Thus, a first aspect of the invention relates to a hybrid turf comprising a plurality of synthetic fibres grouped into strands, each strand comprising a plurality of fibrous elements;

[0015] Characterized in that the hybrid turf comprises a first biodegradable net;

[0016] - the first biodegradable web and / or fibrous element comprises a polymer composition comprising a polymer selected from the group consisting of polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA), copolymer of 1,4-butanediol, succinic acid and adipic acid (PBSA), polybutylene succinate (PBS), or mixtures thereof;

[0017] - the first web and / or fibrous elements (12) comprise at least one nucleating agent selected from the group consisting of boron nitride, talc, hydroxyapatite, zinc stearate, nanocrystalline cellulose, montmorillonite nanoclay, single-walled carbon nanotubes, multi-walled carbon nanotubes, cyanuric acid, fatty acids, fatty acid esters, fatty acid amines, fatty acid metal salts, pentaerythritol, dipentaerythritol, urea derivatives, sorbitol-based compounds, sodium benzoate, and mixtures thereof;

[0018] - the first web and / or fibrous element (12) comprises at least one functional additive selected from the group consisting of: pentaerythritol tetrakis(3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate), octadecyl 3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate, tris(2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl)phosphite, 1,3,5-trimethyl-2,4,6-tris-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)benzene, 2,4-bis[(octylthio)methyl)]-o-cresol , 2,2'-dihydroxy-4,4'-dimethoxybenzophenone, ethylene bis(oxyethylene)-bis-(3-(5-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-m-tolyl) propionate), octadecyl-[3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) propionate, 2',3-bis[[3-[3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl]propionyl]]propionohydrazide, beeswax, carnauba wax, candelilla wax, rhubarb wax (Japan wax), berry wax, paraffin, silicone and its derivatives, and mixtures thereof.

[0019] The present invention in the above aspects may have at least one of the preferred features described below.

[0020] Preferably, the first web comprises at least one copolymer of 1,4-butanediol, succinic acid, adipic acid (PBSA) and polyhydroxyalkanoate.

[0021] Advantageously, the polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) is present in an amount by weight relative to the total amount of polymer.

[0022] Preferably, the polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) is present in an amount of 10 to 90 weight percent based on the total weight of polymer in the polymer composition.

[0023] Conveniently, the first web or fibrous element comprises at least one plasticizer selected from the group consisting of: poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG), acetyl tri-n-butyl citrate (ATBC), isosorbide diester (ISE), sorbitol, glycerol, acetylated monoglycerides, epoxidized soybean oil (ESBO), triethyl citrate (TEC), tri(ethylene glycol)-bis-(2-ethylhexanoate) (TEG-EH), tributyl citrate (TBC), 1,3,2,4-dibenzylidene sorbitol, 1,3-p-methylbenzylidene-2,4-benzylidene sorbitol, bis-(stearoyl urea) hexane, 1,3,2,4-di-(p-methylbenzylidene) sorbitol, 1,3,2,4-dibenzylidene sorbitol and mixtures thereof.

[0024] Conveniently, the first web and / or fibrous elements (12) comprise at least 80 wt% of a polymer composition, based on the total weight of each, comprising a polymer selected from the group consisting of polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA), a copolymer of 1,4-butanediol, succinic acid and adipic acid (PBSA), polybutylene succinate (PBS), or mixtures thereof.

[0025] Preferably, the first web and / or the fibrous elements comprise at least one nucleating agent selected from the group consisting of: boron nitride, nanocrystalline cellulose, montmorillonite nanoclay, pentaerythritol, dipentaerythritol and mixtures thereof.

[0026] Advantageously, the first web and / or the fibrous elements comprise at least one functional additive chosen from: beeswax, carnauba wax, candelilla wax, rhubarb wax (Japan wax) and mixtures thereof.

[0027] Preferably, the first web and / or fibrous element comprises at least one viscosity modifier and / or compatibilizer selected from the group consisting of dicumyl peroxide DCP, tert-butyl perbenzoate TBPB, hexamethylene diisocyanate (HMDI), multifunctional styrene-co-glycidyl methacrylate oligomers Triglycidyl isocyanurate (TGIC), benzoyl peroxide (BPO), methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI).

[0028] Conveniently, the hybrid turf comprises a backing element for a plurality of synthetic fibers; the backing element comprises at least one first layer and at least one second layer bonded to the first layer, the first layer comprising a second net made of a natural organic material, the second net comprising a mesh defining a plurality of openings configured to allow natural grass to take root therein; the second layer comprising the first net.

[0029] Preferably, the hybrid turf comprises a plurality of grass blades interwoven with a plurality of synthetic fibers.

[0030] Conveniently, the second net comprises meshes, each mesh being capable of being inscribed in a square having a side length of 0.2 cm to 2 cm.

[0031] Other features and advantages of the invention will become more apparent from the detailed description of some preferred but not exclusive embodiments of the hybrid turf according to the invention. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0032] This description will be made with reference to the accompanying drawings, which are provided for illustration purposes only and are not limiting, in which:

[0033] - Figure 1 A schematic perspective view of a first embodiment of the hybrid turf of the present invention is shown, with parts partially exploded.

[0034] - Figure 2 A schematic side view of a strand of fibrous elements comprising synthetic fibers is shown.

[0035] - Figure 3 A schematic perspective view of a second embodiment of the hybrid turf of the present invention is shown.

[0036] - Figure 4 Table 1 is shown, which shows nine examples of compositions of first webs and / or fibrous elements of the present invention; and

[0037] - Figure 5 A series of biodegradability tests performed on different samples of the first web and / or fibrous elements of the present invention are shown. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0038] With reference to the drawings, the turf of the present invention, preferably the hybrid turf, is indicated by reference numeral 10 .

[0039] Figure 1 A first embodiment of a hybrid turf 10 of the present invention is shown, comprising a backing element 2 and a plurality of synthetic fibers 3 bonded to the backing element 2 .

[0040] The hybrid turf 10 further comprises a plurality of grass blades 15 , which are arranged alternately with the synthetic fibers 3 so as to form a substantially continuous mat of grass blades 15 and synthetic fibers 3 .

[0041] When mounted, the backing element 2 may have a substantially planar configuration comprising at least one first layer 4 consisting of a second web 5 made of a natural organic material, preferably cotton.

[0042] Preferably, the second net 5 comprises a mesh defining a plurality of openings configured to allow the natural grass blades 15 to take root therein.

[0043] For this purpose, the second net 5 comprises meshes 8 which can be inscribed in a square with a side length of 0.1 cm to 2 cm.

[0044] exist Figure 1 In the embodiment shown, the backing element 2 also comprises a second layer 6 consisting of a first web 7 made of a biodegradable polymer composition.

[0045] Preferably, the biodegradable polymer composition of which the first web 7 is made is the same as that of the synthetic fibers 3 .

[0046] The first net 7 comprises a mesh 9 defining a plurality of openings.

[0047] For this purpose, the first net 7 comprises meshes 9 which can be inscribed in a square with a side length of 0.2 cm to 2 cm in plan view.

[0048] exist Figure 1 In the embodiment shown, the first layer 4 is bonded to the second layer 6 .

[0049] Preferably, the first layer 4 and the second layer 5 are bonded by hot melt adhesive.

[0050] More preferably, the first layer 4 and the second layer 6 are bonded by a thermal lamination process.

[0051] In production, during the step of joining the first layer 4 to the second layer 6, there is a substantial overlap between the meshes 8 of the second net 5 and the meshes 9 of the first net 7, so that the openings are suitable for allowing natural grass to pass through the layers and take root beneath them.

[0052] exist Figure 1 In the embodiment shown, a plurality of synthetic fibers 3 (described in more detail below) made of a biodegradable compound are confined in a backing element 2 consisting of a first layer 4 and a second layer 6 bonded together.

[0053] The synthetic fibers 3 are grouped into strands 11 that are evenly distributed on the turf 10 .

[0054] The synthetic fibers 3 are grouped into strands 11 evenly distributed on the turf 10, forming 45,000 fibers / m 2 Up to 80,000 fibers / m 2 per square meter (m 2 ) fiber density.

[0055] like Figure 2 As better shown in FIG. 1 , each strand 11 comprises a plurality of fibrous elements 12 made of a biodegradable compound, as described in more detail below.

[0056] Therefore, the synthetic fiber 3 is described by the fiber-like element 12 .

[0057] Each strand 11 comprises a number of 5 to 15, preferably 6 to 12, fibrous elements 12 or synthetic fibers 3 .

[0058] In each strand 11, the fibrous elements 12 have the same length, which ranges from 2 to 20 cm, both inclusive.

[0059] In each strand 11, the fibrous elements 12 are twisted together over at least the length T of their length.

[0060] Preferably, in each strand 11, the fibrous elements 12 are twisted together over at least 1 / 3 of their length.

[0061] Preferably, in each strand 11, the fibrous elements 12 are twisted together over at least 2 / 3 of their length.

[0062] exist Figure 1 In the illustrated embodiment, the twisted wire 11 is appropriately folded in half, preferably into a "V" shape, and is joined to the backing member 2 by sewing.

[0063] Preferably, Figure 1 In the embodiment shown, the strands 11 are appropriately folded in half, preferably forming a "V" shape, and are bonded to the backing element 2 by a sewing process known as "tufting".

[0064] As previously mentioned, the synthetic fiber 3 and / or the first web 7 (preferably both) are made of a biodegradable polymer composition comprising a polymer selected from the group consisting of polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA), a copolymer of 1,4-butanediol, succinic acid and adipic acid (PBSA), polybutylene succinate (PBS), or a mixture thereof.

[0065] Preferably, the synthetic fibers 3 and / or the first web 7 (preferably both) comprise at least one copolymer of 1,4-butanediol, succinic acid and adipic acid (PBSA) and a polyhydroxyalkanoate.

[0066] Advantageously, the polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) is present in an amount by weight relative to the total amount of polymer.

[0067] Preferably, the polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) is present in an amount of 10 to 90 weight percent based on the total weight of polymer in the polymer composition.

[0068] In particular, referring to the example in Table 1, the PHA mixture refers to a mixture of PHB and PHBH.

[0069] Preferably, the weight average molecular weight (M) of the PHA of the preferred embodiment may be in the range of 10,000 to 1,000,000.

[0070] PHA is preferably produced by microbial fermentation of an organic substrate, such as a carbohydrate or other fermentable substrate (eg, glycerol), using a microbial strain capable of producing PHA, followed by recovery of the PHA from the cell mass.

[0071] In particular, PHA production can be obtained by fermenting suitable substrates, processed plants (e.g., fruit juices, molasses, sugar beets, and pulp from processed sugar cane). These substrates usually contain, in addition to sucrose and other carbohydrates, organic growth factors, nitrogen, phosphorus, and / or other minerals that can be used as nutrients for cell growth. An alternative is glycerol, a cheap organic carbon source that is a byproduct of biodiesel production, which can optionally be used in combination with levulinic acid.

[0072] PBSA refers to a copolymer of 1,4-butanediol, succinic acid, and adipic acid. PBSA is prepared by adding adipic acid to the starting materials during the PBS synthesis process. Although usually synthesized from fossil fuels, the monomers that make up PBSA can also be produced from PBSA-based biomaterial feedstocks. PBSA degrades faster than PBS, but both PBS and PBSA biodegrade more slowly than PHA.

[0073] PBS refers to polybutylene succinate polymers, which are preferably semi-crystalline, preferably produced by bacterial fermentation. According to a preferred embodiment, the biodegradable net comprises a polymer composition comprising at least one polymer selected from the group consisting of a polymer based on polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA), a copolymer of 1,4-butanediol, succinic acid and adipic acid (PBSA), or polybutylene succinate (PBS). Hereinafter, when percentages are given, they refer to percentages by weight relative to the total weight of the composition.

[0074] According to a more preferred embodiment, the synthetic fiber 3 and / or the first web 7 (preferably both) contain at least 80% by weight of a polymer composition consisting of one or more polymers selected from a polymer based on polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA), a copolymer of 1,4-butanediol, succinic acid and adipic acid (PBSA) or polybutylene succinate (PBS) and one or more additives.

[0075] According to a more preferred embodiment, the synthetic fiber 3 and / or the first web 7 (preferably both) are made of a polymer composition, which is composed of one or more polymers selected from polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA)-based polymers, 1,4-butanediol, copolymers of succinic acid and adipic acid (PBSA) or polybutylene succinate (PBS) and one or more additives.

[0076] Additives refer to substances that improve certain mechanical or chemical characteristics of the composition. Among PHAs, polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) is preferably used, and a mixture of PHB and poly (3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate) (PHBH) is more preferably used.

[0077] Process additives and stabilizers are added to the polymer composition. It is preferred to use a mixture of PHA and PBSA, in which case PBSA is more preferably added in an amount of 0.06 wt% to 49 wt%.

[0078] Preferably, the polymer composition does not comprise PLA or polylactic acid.

[0079] Preferably, the polymer composition is added in an amount of 50.00 wt % to 99.95 wt % based on the total weight of all web components.

[0080] Preferably, the synthetic fiber 3 and / or the first web 7 (preferably both) contain at least one plasticizer selected from the group consisting of: poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG), acetyl tri-n-butyl citrate (ATBC), isosorbide diester (ISE), sorbitol, glycerol, acetylated monoglyceride, epoxidized soybean oil (ESBO), triethyl citrate (TEC), tri(ethylene glycol)-bis-(2-ethylhexanoate) (TEG-EH), tributyl citrate (TBC), 1,3,2,4-dibenzylidene sorbitol, 1,3-p-methylbenzylidene-2,4-benzylidene sorbitol, bis-(stearoyl urea) hexane, 1,3,2,4-di-(p-methylbenzylidene) sorbitol, 1,3,2,4-dibenzylidene sorbitol and mixtures thereof. Preferably, the amount of plasticizer added is 0 to 50% by weight. More preferably, the amount of the plasticizer added is 5 to 30% by weight, and even more preferably, the amount of the plasticizer added is 0 to 10% by weight.

[0081] Preferably, the first web 7 and / or the fibrous elements 12 contain at least one nucleating agent selected from the group consisting of boron nitride, talc, hydroxyapatite, zinc stearate, nanocrystalline cellulose, montmorillonite nanoclay, single-walled carbon nanotubes, multi-walled carbon nanotubes, cyanuric acid, fatty acids, fatty acid esters, fatty acid amines, fatty acid metal salts, pentaerythritol, dipentaerythritol, urea derivatives, sorbitol-based compounds, sodium benzoate and mixtures thereof.

[0082] Preferably, the weight percentage of the added nucleating agent is 0.05 to 1.5 weight %, more preferably 0.05 to 1 weight %, such as 0.5 weight %.

[0083] Preferably, the first web 7 and / or the fibrous elements 12 contain at least one functional additive selected from the group consisting of pentaerythritol tetrakis(3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate), octadecyl 3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate, tris(2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl)phosphite, 1,3,5-trimethyl-2,4,6-tris-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)benzene, 2,4-bis[(octylthio)methyl)]-o- Cresol, 2,2'-dihydroxy-4,4'-dimethoxybenzophenone, ethylene bis(oxyethylene)-bis-(3-(5-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-m-tolyl) propionate), octadecyl-[3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) propionate, 2',3-bis[[3-[3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl]propionyl]]propionohydrazide, beeswax, carnauba wax, candelilla wax, urushiol wax (Japan wax), berry wax, paraffin, silicone and its derivatives, and mixtures thereof. More preferably, the functional additive is selected from: beeswax, carnauba wax, candelilla wax, urushiol wax (Japan wax), which makes it possible to achieve particularly useful results in the web. The weight percentage of each functional additive added is preferably 0.05 to 5 weight %, more preferably 0.05 to 1 weight %.

[0084] Preferably, the first web 7 and / or the fibrous element 12 comprises at least one viscosity modifier and / or compatibilizer selected from the group consisting of dicumyl peroxide DCP, tert-butyl perbenzoate TBPB, hexamethylene diisocyanate (HMDI), multifunctional styrene-co-glycidyl methacrylate oligomers Triglycidyl isocyanurate (TGIC), benzoyl peroxide (BPO), methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI).

[0085] Preferably, they are viscosity modifiers and compatibilizers added individually in a percentage of 0.001 to 1% by weight and collectively in a percentage of 0.05 to 2% by weight. Figure 4Table 1 in shows 9 different compositions of the first web 7 and / or fibrous elements 12 of the invention, together with their most relevant mechanical properties for making the webs, such as elongation and flexural modulus.

[0086] It can be easily observed that the material selection using the present invention allows for the chemical composition to be appropriately adjusted according to the desired mechanical properties while maintaining a high degree of biodegradability, e.g. Figure 5 This was confirmed by the samples tested.

[0087] When the mixed turf is planted on the prepared soil, it is filled with sand 14 to a depth of at least 10 cm relative to the backing element 2 , preferably at most 30 cm relative to the backing element 2 .

[0088] Sand 14 suitable for this purpose is silica sand of various particle sizes, preferably USGA certified silica sand.

[0089] Once filled with sand 14 , the turf mix 10 is seeded so that blades of grass 15 can take root and grow between one strand 11 and the next.

[0090] As the roots of the grass blades 15 grow, they pass through the mesh of the backing member 2, thereby trapping the hybrid turf 10 in the soil below.

[0091] Figure 3 An alternative embodiment of the hybrid turf 10 of the present invention is shown. In particular, Figure 3 Mixed turf 10 with Figure 1 The hybrid turf is completely similar, except that it does not have any backing element 2 and its strands 11 may have larger dimensions.

[0092] According to this embodiment, the strands 11 are suitably folded in half, preferably forming a "V" shape, and are not bonded to the backing element 2 (not present), but to the soil by means of a suitable "sewing" machine.

[0093] From the above description, it can be seen that the mixed turf has the following advantages:

[0094] - Reduced environmental impact of treatment compared to traditional mixed turf;

[0095] - Processing costs can be reduced or eliminated;

[0096] -Simple structure and high reliability;

[0097] - Precise biodegradation time.

[0098] Several modifications may be made to the embodiments described in detail, nevertheless remaining within the scope of protection of the invention as defined by the following claims.

Claims

1. A hybrid turf (10), comprising a plurality of synthetic fibers (3), the plurality of synthetic fibers (3) being grouped into strands (11), each strand (11) comprising a plurality of fibrous elements (12); It is characterized in that The hybrid turf (10) comprises a first biodegradable net (7); - the first biodegradable web (7) and / or the fibrous elements (12) comprise a polymer composition comprising a polymer selected from the group consisting of polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA), copolymer of 1,4-butanediol, succinic acid and adipic acid (PBSA), polybutylene succinate (PBS), or mixtures thereof; - the first web and / or the fibrous elements (12) comprise at least one nucleating agent selected from the group consisting of boron nitride, talc, hydroxyapatite, zinc stearate, nanocrystalline cellulose, montmorillonite nanoclay, single-walled carbon nanotubes, multi-walled carbon nanotubes, cyanuric acid, fatty acids, fatty acid esters, fatty acid amines, fatty acid metal salts, pentaerythritol, dipentaerythritol, urea derivatives, sorbitol-based compounds, sodium benzoate and mixtures thereof; - the first web and / or the fibrous element (12) comprises at least one functional additive selected from the group consisting of pentaerythritol tetrakis(3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate), octadecyl 3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate, tris(2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl)phosphite, 1,3,5-trimethyl-2,4,6-tris-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)benzene, 2,4-bis[(octylthio)methyl)]- o-Cresol, 2,2'-dihydroxy-4,4'-dimethoxybenzophenone, ethylene bis(oxyethylene)-bis-(3-(5-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-m-tolyl) propionate), octadecyl-[3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) propionate, 2',3-bis[[3-[3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl]propionyl]]propionohydrazide, beeswax, carnauba wax, candelilla wax, rhubarb wax (Japan wax), berry wax, paraffin, silicone and its derivatives, and mixtures thereof.

2. The hybrid turf (10) according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first web comprises at least one copolymer of 1,4-butanediol, succinic acid and adipic acid (PBSA) and a polyhydroxyalkanoate.

3. The hybrid turf (10) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) is present in an amount by weight relative to the total amount of polymer.

4. The hybrid turf (10) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) is present in an amount of 10 wt % to 90 wt % based on the total weight of polymer in the polymer composition.

5. The hybrid turf (10) according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first web and / or fibrous element (12) comprises at least one plasticizer selected from the group consisting of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG), acetyl tri-n-butyl citrate (ATBC), isosorbide diester (ISE), sorbitol, glycerol, acetylated monoglycerides, epoxidized soybean oil (ESBO), triethyl citrate (TEC), tri(ethylene glycol)-bis-(2-ethylhexanoate) (TEG-EH), tributyl citrate (TBC), 1,3,2,4-dibenzylidene sorbitol, 1,3-p-methylbenzylidene-2,4-benzylidene sorbitol, bis-(stearoyl urea) hexane, 1,3,2,4-di-(p-methylbenzylidene) sorbitol, 1,3,2,4-dibenzylidene sorbitol and mixtures thereof.

6. The hybrid turf (10) according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first web and / or the fibrous elements (12) comprise at least 80 wt% of a polymer composition, based on the total weight of each, comprising a polymer selected from the group consisting of polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA), a copolymer of 1,4-butanediol, succinic acid and adipic acid (PBSA), polybutylene succinate (PBS), or a mixture thereof.

7. The hybrid turf (10) according to claim 1, characterized in that The first web and / or the fibrous elements (12) comprise at least one nucleating agent selected from the group consisting of boron nitride, montmorillonite nanoclay, pentaerythritol, dipentaerythritol, urea derivatives, sorbitol-based compounds, sodium benzoate, and mixtures thereof.

8. The hybrid turf (10) according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first web and / or the fibrous elements (12) comprise at least one functional additive selected from the group consisting of beeswax, carnauba wax, candelilla wax, and rhubarb wax (Japan wax).

9. The hybrid turf (10) according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first web and / or the fibrous element (12) comprises at least one viscosity modifier and / or compatibilizer, wherein the viscosity modifier and / or compatibilizer is selected from the group consisting of dicumyl peroxide DCP, tert-butyl perbenzoate TBPB, hexamethylene diisocyanate (HMDI), multifunctional styrene-co-glycidyl methacrylate oligomers Triglycidyl isocyanurate (TGIC), benzoyl peroxide (BPO), methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI).

10. Hybrid turf (10) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that The hybrid turf (10) comprises a backing element (2) for a plurality of synthetic fibers (3); the backing element (2) comprises at least one first layer (4) and at least one second layer (6) combined with the first layer (4), the first layer (4) comprising a second net (5) made of a natural organic material, the second net comprising meshes defining a plurality of openings, the plurality of openings being configured to allow natural grass to take root therein; the second layer (6) comprising the first net (7).

11. The hybrid turf (10) according to any one of claims 1 to 10, comprising a plurality of grass blades (15) interwoven with a plurality of synthetic fibers (3).

12. The hybrid turf (10) according to claim 10 or 11, characterized in that The second net (5) comprises meshes, each of which can be inscribed in a square with a side length of 0.2 cm to 2 cm.

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