A bionic nutritional fortified microcapsule for jellyfish fry and its preparation method and application

Abstract

The present invention belongs to the field of breeding of special aquatic products, and particularly relates to a bionic nutrition - fortified microcapsule for jellyfish fry, its preparation method and application. The nutrition - fortified microcapsule is composed of a core and a wall. The core is composed of fish solubles powder, enzymatically hydrolyzed sea cucumber viscera powder, enzymatically hydrolyzed kelp powder, Antarctic krill powder, scallop skirt powder, chlorella powder, schizochytrium powder, haematococcus pluvialis powder, diatomite, taurine, yeast broken - wall powder, disodium nucleotide, chondroitin sulfate, compound vitamins, and sodium carboxymethylcellulose. The wall is composed of crab meat powder, artemia cysts powder, L - glutamic acid, chitosan, sodium alginate, calcium glycinate, enzymatically hydrolyzed soy protein, and whey protein powder. According to the feeding requirements of jellyfish fry, the present invention prepares ultra - fine nutrition microcapsules and granular nutrition microcapsules suitable for jellyfish fry of different specifications.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the field of breeding of special aquatic products, and particularly relates to a bionic nutritional fortified microcapsule for jellyfish fry and its preparation method and application. Background Art

[0002] With the increasing improvement of people's living standards and the requirements for the nutritional quality of food, jellyfish, as a cultured animal with low calories, high protein, rich vitamins and minerals and extremely high medicinal value, has gradually attracted people's attention. In the past, the jellyfish consumed mainly relied on fishing. However, with the increasing demand for jellyfish and fishing intensity, the jellyfish resources in the coastal waters are gradually declining and may even become extinct. Therefore, it is urgent to carry out the proliferation and release of jellyfish fry and artificial breeding to protect the jellyfish population and meet the human consumption needs. However, the current problem is that although the artificial breeding of jellyfish has been achieved, in the process of fry cultivation, it still highly depends on natural baits such as copepods or the use of fish microparticle feeds. The cultivation process of natural baits consumes a lot of labor and materials, and is restricted by various factors such as time, season and temperature. And the fish microparticle feeds do not conform to the feeding characteristics and nutritional requirements of jellyfish. These feeds have simple processes, poor stability, suspension and attractant properties, and pollute the water quality after disintegration, seriously affecting the health of jellyfish fry and making the fry unable to meet the requirements of proliferation and release or artificial breeding. How to design a fortifier with balanced nutrition and good attractant properties, and through innovative production processes, make it maintain good suspension, stability and bionic properties, and then make the jellyfish fry accept this fortified microcapsule through scientific and friendly domestication is the key to ensuring the quality of jellyfish fry and improving the success rate of proliferation and release and artificial breeding. Summary of the Invention

[0003] To solve the above problems, the present invention provides a bionic nutritional fortified microcapsule for jellyfish fry, which comprises a core and a wall.

[0004] Further, the core is made of fish solubles powder, sea cucumber viscera powder, enzymatically hydrolyzed kelp powder, Antarctic krill powder, scallop skirt powder, chlorella powder, schizochytrium powder, haematococcus pluvialis powder, diatomaceous earth, taurine, yeast wall-breaking powder, disodium 5'-ribonucleotide, chondroitin sulfate, compound vitamins and sodium carboxymethylcellulose.

[0005] Further, the core is made of 32% of fish solubles powder, 7% of sea cucumber viscera powder, 16% of enzymatically hydrolyzed kelp powder, 3% of Antarctic krill powder, 8% of scallop skirt powder, 6% of chlorella powder, 4.5% of schizochytrium powder, 3% of haematococcus pluvialis powder, 7% of diatomaceous earth, 0.7% of taurine, 0.3% of yeast wall-breaking powder, 0.15% of disodium 5'-ribonucleotide, 0.08% of chondroitin sulfate, 0.8% of compound vitamins and 11.47% of sodium carboxymethylcellulose by weight.

[0006] Further, the cyst wall is made of crab meat powder, artemia cysts powder, L-glutamic acid, chitosan, sodium alginate, enzymatically hydrolyzed soy protein, whey protein powder, and calcium glycinate.

[0007] Further, the cyst wall is made of 4% crab meat powder, 3% artemia cysts powder, 14% L-glutamic acid, 10% chitosan, 4% sodium alginate, 50% enzymatically hydrolyzed soy protein, 6% whey protein powder, and 9% calcium glycinate by weight.

[0008] The present invention also provides a method for preparing the above-mentioned bionic nutrition-enhanced microcapsules for jellyfish larvae, which is applicable to ultrafine nutrition microcapsules for scyphistoma and juveniles within 8 days after birth, and includes the following steps:

[0009] (1) Mix and crush the core materials in proportion, add 30% of water by mass to the crushed core materials and stir evenly, extrude them into strips and dry them, and then perform ultrafine grinding to form core powder;

[0010] (2) Mix the wall materials in proportion, crush them with an ultrafine grinder to a particle size of 400 mesh, add 10 times the mass of water, raise the temperature to 55°C, and add calcium glycinate to form a wall coating solution;

[0011] (3) Add the core powder to the wall coating solution to form a coating solution, and then perform vacuum decompression concentration on the coating solution to obtain a concentrated solution; add 3.8% β-cyclodextrin, and perform drying treatment with a low-temperature spray drying device. After drying, collect the powder product, evacuate it and bag it, and store it in a cool place.

[0012] Further, in step (1), the grinding particle size is 100 mesh, and the ultrafine grinding particle size is 300 mesh.

[0013] Further, the vacuum decompression concentration conditions in step (3) are: temperature 55°C, vacuum degree -0.08 MPa, and concentrate to a relative density of 1.30 g / ml.

[0014] Further, the drying treatment conditions in step (3) are: inlet air temperature 98°C, feeding speed 6 mL / min, nozzle pressure 0.2 Mpa, and vacuum degree -0.03 Mpa.

[0015] The present invention also provides a method for preparing granular nutrition microcapsules applicable to juveniles and young jellyfish after 9 days of birth, pour the core materials into a round pot granulator first as the mother nucleus for rolling, with a rotation speed of 25 - 35 r / min, spray the wall coating solution into the rolling bin at a speed of 20 - 100 mL / min, discharge the material after rolling for 10 - 30 min, and dry it at a low temperature (50 - 60°C) to form granular microcapsules with a size of 0.2 - 3 mm.

[0016] The present invention has the following beneficial effects: [[ID=3i]]

[0017] The cultivation of jellyfish fry usually relies on live bait. The cultivation of live bait is restricted by factors such as season and temperature. Moreover, there are disadvantages in the cultivation process of live bait, including uncertain factors, high consumption of human and material resources, and easy introduction of pathogenic bacteria. However, the bionic nutrition - fortified microcapsule of the present invention is not restricted by any conditions and has the characteristics of simplicity, convenience, and easy storage.

[0018] Most of the commercially available jellyfish fry feeds are microparticle feeds, and the production process is relatively simple. The products are extremely easy to disintegrate in water. The present invention adopts the production process of protein - peptide - seaweed polysaccharide cross - linked capsule walls, and adds attractants including crab meat powder, artemia cysts powder, and L - glutamic acid during the cross - linking process. These attractants are locked in the capsule walls through the cross - linked capsule walls to achieve the effect of slowly stimulating the jellyfish to feed. At the same time, the pores on the microcapsule walls also provide channels for the dissolution of the attractants in the capsule core. Through the design of double - layer attraction, the microcapsules have the characteristics of strong stability and long - lasting attraction effect.

[0019] The production of commercially available jellyfish feeds empirically refers to the production process of microparticle feeds for larvae and juveniles of fish, using fish meal and terrestrial plant proteins, etc. These feeds have disadvantages such as poor feeding performance, unbalanced nutrition, and poor absorption efficiency, resulting in being not suitable for the breeding and cultivation of jellyfish. The present invention uses raw materials rich in polypeptides as the capsule core, such as fish solubles, sea cucumber viscera powder, enzymatically hydrolyzed kelp powder, etc., to comprehensively improve the nutritional balance and easy absorbability of the capsules, and uses highly attractive raw materials such as krill powder and scallop skirt powder to regulate the appetite of jellyfish. Using fish oil, squid oil, etc. as the oil source in traditional jellyfish feeds easily leads to rejection by jellyfish, while the present invention uses Schizochytrium rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids as the algal source to solve this problem. In addition, the present invention uses Haematococcus pluvialis and Chlorella vulgaris, etc. to provide algal - source vitamins, replacing the disadvantages of easy oxidation, deterioration, and easy loss caused by directly adding vitamins.

[0020] The particle size of commercially available microparticle feeds is above 0.4 mm, and it can only meet the feeding of juvenile jellyfish over 2 cm. The ultra - fine microcapsule process and particle microcapsule process adopted by the present invention can produce seedlings for use throughout the early stage of jellyfish breeding, and its applicable range is wider.

[0021] Traditional jellyfish fry feeds are mostly directly fed, resulting in jellyfish being difficult to adapt to artificial feeds and serious food refusal phenomena. The present invention adopts a scientific domestication strategy according to different usage purposes, enabling jellyfish fry to gradually adapt to the nutritional microcapsules, achieving the maximum utilization of artificial feeds, and having higher efficiency than traditional usage methods. Brief Description of the Drawings

[0022] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the accompanying drawings required for use in the embodiments. Obviously, the accompanying drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, without creative efforts, other drawings can also be obtained based on these drawings.

[0023] Figure 1 Production process flow of nutritional microcapsules;

[0024] Figure 2 Microcapsule schematic diagram and observation of microcapsule morphology;

[0025] Figure 3 Interior view of the jellyfish pilot-scale pond;

[0026] Figure 4 Observation of feeding situation before and after feeding. Specific implementation manners

[0027] Now, various exemplary implementation manners of the present invention will be described in detail. In the embodiments, the methods are all conventional methods unless otherwise specified, and the reagents are all conventional commercially available reagents or reagents prepared by conventional methods unless otherwise specified. This detailed description should not be considered as a limitation of the present invention, but rather as a more detailed description of certain aspects, characteristics, and implementation manners of the present invention.

[0028] It should be understood that the terms described in the present invention are only for describing specific implementation manners and are not used to limit the present invention. Additionally, for the numerical ranges in the present invention, it should be understood that each intermediate value between the upper and lower limits of the range is also specifically disclosed. Any intermediate value within any stated value or stated range, as well as each smaller range between any other stated value or intermediate value within the stated range, is also included in the present invention. The upper and lower limits of these smaller ranges can be independently included or excluded from the range.

[0029] Unless otherwise specified, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by those of ordinary skill in the art to which the present invention pertains. Although the present invention only describes preferred methods and materials, any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein can also be used in the implementation or testing of the present invention. All documents mentioned in this specification are incorporated by reference to disclose and describe the methods and / or materials related to the documents. In case of conflict with any incorporated document, the content of this specification shall prevail.

[0030] Without departing from the scope or spirit of the present invention, various improvements and changes can be made to the specific embodiments of the specification of the present invention, which are obvious to those skilled in the art. Other embodiments obtained from the specification of the present invention are obvious to those skilled in the art. The specification and examples of the present invention are merely exemplary.

[0031] Regarding the use of "comprising", "including", "having", "containing", etc. in this article, they are all open-ended terms, meaning including but not limited to.

[0032] Example 1

[0033] In March 2022, 32% fish solubles powder, 7% sea cucumber viscera powder, 16% enzymatically hydrolyzed kelp powder, 3% Antarctic krill powder, 8% scallop skirt powder, 6% chlorella powder, 4.5% schizochytrium powder, 3% haematococcus pluvialis powder, 7% diatomaceous earth, 0.7% taurine, 0.3% yeast broken wall powder, 0.15% disodium nucleotide, 0.08% chondroitin sulfate, 0.8% compound vitamin, and 11.47% sodium carboxymethyl cellulose were used as the core material. The first pulverization particle size was 100 mesh. The pulverized core raw materials were stirred evenly with 30% water by mass, extruded into strips and dried in the air, and then ultrasonically pulverized for the second time into two different specifications of core materials: 300-mesh core powder and 60-mesh core particles. 4% crab meat powder, 3% artemia cysts powder, 9% calcium glycinate, 14% L-glutamic acid, 10% chitosan, 4% sodium alginate, 50% enzymatically hydrolyzed soybean protein, and 6% whey protein powder were used as the wall material. The pulverization particle size was 400 mesh by an ultrafine pulverizer, 10 times the mass of water was added, the temperature was raised to 55 °C, and calcium glycinate was added while stirring to form a wall coating solution.

[0034] The core powder was added to the wall coating solution and stirred evenly to complete the encapsulation process. The coating solution was fed into a concentrator for vacuum concentration under reduced pressure at a temperature of 55 °C and a vacuum degree of -0.08 MPa until the relative density reached 1.30 g / ml to obtain a concentrated solution. 3.8% β-cyclodextrin was added for formulation, and a low-temperature spray drying device was used for drying treatment. The parameters were an inlet air temperature of 98 °C, a feeding speed of 6 mL / min, a nozzle pressure of 0.2 Mpa, and a vacuum degree of -0.03 Mpa to produce ultrafine nutrient microcapsules. After spray drying, the powder product was collected, evacuated and bagged, and stored in a cool place.

[0035] The core particles were first poured into a rotary pan granulator as the mother nucleus for rolling at a speed of 33 r / min. The wall coating solution (the ratio of dry material to water was 1:5) was sprayed into the rolling bin at a speed of 40 mL / min. After rolling for 15 min, the product was discharged and dried at a low temperature (50 °C) to form granular nutrient microcapsules with a particle size of 0.2 - 0.6 mm, which were evacuated and bagged, and stored in a cool place.

[0036] In April 2022, a comparative experiment was conducted on jellyfish larvae in a breeding site in Rongcheng, Shandong. The nutritive fortified microcapsules and live bait (rotifers and brine shrimp) invented in Example 1 were used to feed the jellyfish larvae. The initial size of the jellyfish larvae for breeding was the juvenile jellyfish just released from the polyp (umbrella diameter 2 - 4 mm), and the seeding density was 8 individuals / ml. Nine breeding ponds were set up, with 3 ponds fed with live bait, 3 ponds directly fed with nutritive microcapsules, and 3 ponds using the indirect nutritive fortification method (ultrafine nutritive microcapsules and live bait were used for fortification of live bait at a feeding ratio of 1:1. After 1 - 2 days of fortification, the live bait was fished out and fed to the jellyfish larvae). The feeding amount was determined according to the actual production situation. The feeding strategy for the microcapsule group was to feed a 1:1 mixture of live bait and ultrafine nutritive microcapsules for domestication in the first 3 days, feed ultrafine nutritive microcapsules from the 4th to the 8th day, and use granular nutritive microcapsules for feeding after the 9th day. The breeding ponds were 6 m × 6 m × 1.2 m (length × width × height), the water temperature in the breeding ponds was about 15°C, and the fortification period was 14 days.

[0037] Table 1. Comparison of the nutritive fortification effects of nutritive microcapsules and live bait

[0038] Group Umbrella diameter cm Seedling emergence rate % Live bait 1 1.76±0.09 73.52 Live bait 2 1.82±0.15 75.36 Live bait 3 1.84±0.11 71.57 Nutritional microcapsule 1 2.33±0.18 86.89 Nutritional microcapsule 2 2.17±0.13 81.52 Nutritional microcapsule 3 2.19±0.06 85.58 Indirect enhancement 1 1.98±0.09 75.18 Indirect enhancement 2 2.06±0.12 80.29 Indirect enhancement 3 2.14±0.14 79.79

[0039] After 14 days, 15 jellyfish larvae were randomly selected from each breeding pond for umbrella diameter measurement. The umbrella diameter value and the emergence rate were used as growth parameters (the umbrella diameter of the initially released larvae was too small to be measured, so it was considered to be 2 - 4 mm). The emergence rate = the ratio of the initial seeding density to the density of juvenile jellyfish. It can be seen from the results that the microcapsule group significantly improved the growth rate of the jellyfish larvae. The umbrella diameter of the jellyfish larvae reached 2.17 - 2.33 cm, and the emergence rate reached 81.52% - 86.89%. While the umbrella diameter of the live bait group reached 1.76 - 1.84 cm, and the emergence rate reached 71.57% - 75.36%. The indirect fortification effect was between the two, indicating that these nutritive fortified microcapsules can also fortify live bait, thus realizing the transfer of nutrients between live bait and jellyfish larvae.

[0040] Example 2

[0041] In May 2023, a nutritive fortification comparison before the release of jellyfish larvae was carried out in a jellyfish breeding farm in Haiyang, Shandong (starting 20 days before the release). Four breeding ponds were set up ( Figure 3 ), and the jellyfish larvae were respectively fed with the nutritive fortified microcapsules (granular nutritive microcapsules) of the present invention, live bait, and micro - particle feeds of certain brands for nutritive fortification comparison. The seeding density in the breeding ponds was 10 - 12 individuals / L. After 18 days of fortification, 30 jellyfish larvae were randomly selected from each pond to count the umbrella diameter. According to the acceptance results on May 22, the following are obtained:

[0042] Table 2. Comparison of the nutritive fortification effects of nutritive microcapsules, live bait, and micro - particle feeds of other brands

[0043] Group Umbrella diameter cm at release Seedling emergence rate % Live bait 1.97±0.18 77.54 Nutritional microcapsule 2.52±0.16 83.83 A certain brand of microparticles 1 1.62±0.05 67.18 A certain brand of microparticles 2 1.45±0.13 71.26

[0044] As can be seen from the results, compared with live bait and brand microparticle feeds, the nutritionally fortified microcapsules have good palatability. Most of the nutritionally fortified microcapsules can be ingested by jellyfish larvae 2-3 hours after feeding (the color of the pond water changes from yellow and turbid to clear, indicating good feeding conditions, see appendix Figure 4 ). The present invention can not only improve the growth rate of jellyfish larvae (the umbrella diameter of the jellyfish larvae in the nutritionally fortified microcapsule group is the largest), but also the emergence rate is 6% higher than that of the live bait group and 12%-16% higher than that of other brand microparticle feed groups; and the vitality of the larvae is better, the umbrella part is significantly thickened, and it has received unanimous praise from the nursery units.

[0045] Example 3

[0046] In order to test the effect of the nutritionally fortified microcapsules in pond cultivation, in June 2024, the microcapsules were used for a pilot production test of jellyfish larvae cultivation in a seaside farm in Rongcheng, Shandong Province according to the production regulations. There were a total of 6 large cultivation ponds (each large pond was about 300 square meters and the water depth was about 1.8 meters), and natural bait, the granular nutritionally fortified microcapsules of the present invention, and a certain brand of feed were used for feeding comparison experiments. Among them, the natural bait group was ponds 1 and 2, mainly based on fertilizing water for cultivation; ponds 3 and 4 were fed with granular nutritionally fortified microcapsules; ponds 5 and 6 were fed with a certain commercial feed. The introduced larval specifications were about 4 cm and the density was about 10 individuals / m 3 . When harvesting at the beginning of August, 12-14 individuals were randomly trawled for umbrella diameter measurement, and the jellyfish in the whole pond were fished by dragnet and the harvest was calculated.

[0047] Table 3. Comparison of the effects of nutritionally fortified microcapsules, fertilizing water, and a certain brand of microparticle feed on feeding jellyfish larvae

[0048]

[0049] As can be seen from the pilot test results, the nutritionally fortified microcapsules have a greater growth-promoting advantage compared with the traditional fertilizing water cultivation method. In more than 3 months, the increase in the umbrella diameter of jellyfish reached 41-43 cm, far higher than the increase in the umbrella diameter of 31-33 cm in fertilizing water cultivation and 33-34 cm in microparticle feed feeding. According to the pilot test results, the jellyfish yield reached about 56-62 tons per mu, far higher than the mu yield under other feeding methods, indicating that this kind of nutritionally fortified microcapsule can be used throughout the artificial cultivation process.

[0050] The above-described embodiments are only descriptions of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and do not limit the scope of the present invention. Without departing from the design spirit of the present invention, various deformations and improvements made by those of ordinary skill in the art to the technical solutions of the present invention shall fall within the protection scope determined by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A bionic nutrition - fortified microcapsule for jellyfish larvae, characterized in that, It includes a core and a wall. The core is made of 32% fish solubles powder, 7% sea cucumber viscera powder, 16% enzymatically hydrolyzed kelp powder, 3% Antarctic krill powder, 8% scallop skirt powder, 6% chlorella powder, 4.5% schizochytrium powder, 3% haematococcus pluvialis powder, 7% diatomaceous earth, 0.7% taurine, 0.3% yeast wall-broken powder, 0.15% disodium nucleotide, 0.08% chondroitin sulfate, 0.8% compound vitamins and 11.47% sodium carboxymethylcellulose by weight. The wall is made of 4% crab meat powder, 3% artemia cysts powder, 14% L-glutamic acid, 10% chitosan, 4% sodium alginate, 50% enzymatically hydrolyzed soy protein, 6% whey protein powder and 9% calcium glycinate by weight.

2. The preparation method of the bionic nutrition - fortified microcapsule for jellyfish fry as described in claim 1, which is applicable to the ultra - fine nutrition microcapsules for scyphistoma and juvenile jellyfish within 8 days after birth, is characterized in that, It includes the following steps: (1) Mix and crush the core raw materials in proportion, add water according to 30% of the mass of the crushed core raw materials and stir evenly, extrude into strips and dry, then perform ultrafine grinding to form core powder. (2) Mix crab meat powder, artemia cysts powder, L-glutamic acid, chitosan, sodium alginate, enzymatically hydrolyzed soy protein and whey protein powder in proportion, crush with an ultrafine grinder to a particle size of 400 mesh, add water with a mass 10 times that of the raw materials, raise the temperature to 55°C, and add calcium glycinate to form a wall coating solution. (3) Add the core powder to the wall coating solution to form a coating solution, and then perform vacuum decompression concentration on the coating solution to obtain a concentrated solution. Add 3.8% β-cyclodextrin, and perform drying treatment with a low-temperature spray drying device. After spray drying, form ultrafine nutritional microcapsules, collect the product, evacuate and bag it, and store it in a cool place.

3. The preparation method according to claim 2, wherein, In step (1), the crushing particle size is 100 mesh, and the ultrafine grinding particle size is 300 mesh.

4. The preparation method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The vacuum decompression concentration conditions in step (3) are: temperature 55°C, vacuum degree -0.08 MPa, and concentrate to a relative density of 1.30 g / ml.

5. The preparation method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The drying treatment conditions in step (3) are: inlet air temperature 98°C, feeding speed 6 mL / min, nozzle pressure 0.2 Mpa, and vacuum degree -0.03 Mpa.

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