Double-shaft spine vertebral pedicle screw-setting guiding and positioning device

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of medical instruments for the orthopedics department, in particular to a double-shaft spine vertebral pedicle screw placement guiding and positioning device which comprises a first dial, the first dial is arranged in an arc shape, one end of the first dial is fixedly connected with a guiding pipe A, the guiding pipe A is arranged in the radial direction of the first dial, and a fixed rod is fixedly inserted into the guiding pipe A; the second dial is arranged in an arc shape, a sliding block is fixedly connected to the second dial in a position-adjustable mode, a guide pipe B is arranged on the sliding block, and a drill bit is inserted into the guide pipe B; wherein a through hole A is formed in the center of the second dial, and the first dial penetrates through the through hole A and is adjustably fixed on the second dial. According to the double-shaft spine vertebral pedicle screw placement guiding positioner, the double-shaft angle of the drill bit can be accurately adjusted, so that the precision and efficiency of vertebral pedicle screw placement are improved, and the high clinical application value is achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of orthopedic medical instruments, and in particular to a dual-axis spinal pedicle screw placement guide positioner. Background Art

[0002] During spinal surgery (cervical, thoracic, lumbar, and sacral), pedicle screw placement is often required to reconstruct spinal stability. The spinal pedicles are adjacent to important structures such as blood vessels and nerves. Due to the different shapes of spinal pedicles, the risk of manual screw placement is extremely high. Misplacement of pedicle screws can cause serious complications such as vascular and nerve damage, resulting in surgical failure and even life-threatening. Although a variety of devices such as O-arm navigation, electromagnetic navigation, and robot navigation have appeared in clinical practice, they are not widely popular due to their complex operation and high cost. How to improve the accuracy of spinal pedicle screw placement and increase the safety of screw placement has become a hot topic in clinical discussion. Summary of the invention

[0003] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a novel biaxial spinal pedicle screw placement guide positioner in view of the deficiencies of the above-mentioned prior art. The biaxial spinal pedicle screw placement guide positioner of the present invention can realize the precise adjustment of the biaxial angle of the drill bit to improve the accuracy and efficiency of pedicle screw placement, and has strong clinical application value.

[0004] In order to achieve the above technical objectives, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: A biaxial spinal pedicle screw placement guide positioner, comprising: A first scale plate, which is arranged in an arc shape, one end of which is fixedly connected to a guide tube A, the guide tube A is arranged radially along the first scale plate, and a fixed rod is inserted and fixed in the guide tube A; A second scale plate, the second scale plate is arranged in an arc shape, a slider is fixedly connected to the second scale plate in an adjustable position, a guide tube B is arranged on the slider, and a drill bit is inserted into the guide tube B; A through hole A is provided at the center of the second scale plate, and the first scale plate is fixed on the second scale plate through the through hole A in an adjustable manner, and the first scale plate and the second scale plate are cross-shaped in top view.

[0005] Furthermore, the middle part of the first dial is an arc-shaped protrusion, the size of the through hole matches the cross-sectional size of the first dial, a positioning block is fixedly provided on the second dial, the through hole passes through the positioning block, and a screw A connected to the through hole is threadedly connected on the positioning block.

[0006] Furthermore, the slider is provided with a slide groove whose shape matches the cross-sectional size of the second scale plate, and the slider is provided with a screw B threadedly connected to the slide groove.

[0007] Furthermore, a fixing block is fixedly connected to the upper end of the guide tube A, a threaded through hole B is provided on the fixing block, the through hole B is coaxially arranged with the guide tube A, an external thread is provided on the fixed rod body, the fixed rod passes through the threaded through hole B and is threadedly connected thereto.

[0008] Furthermore, one end of the fixed rod is in the shape of a hexagon socket bolt head, and the other end is provided with a pointed head.

[0009] Furthermore, when the second scale plate is moved to fit with the fixed block and the slider is fitted with the fixed block, the abduction angle formed by the angle between the fixed rod and the arc surface of the second scale plate is 0°, and the head or tail inclination angle formed by the angle between the fixed rod and the drill bit is 5°.

[0010] Furthermore, the center angle corresponding to the first scale plate is 50°~90°, and the center angle corresponding to the second scale plate is 60°~120°.

[0011] Furthermore, the first scale plate and the second scale plate are arc lengths on circles with the same radius, and the circle radius ranges from 20 to 40 cm.

[0012] The beneficial effects of the present invention are: By setting the arc-shaped first dial to cooperate with the second dial, by setting the push rod to cooperate with the drill bit to form the expansion angle and the head-tail inclination angle, and by adjusting the mutual change of the positions of the first dial and the second dial, it meets the patient's usage requirements.

[0013] The relative position of the first scale plate and the second scale plate is controlled by setting a positioning block and a screw A, which is convenient and quick.

[0014] The position of the drill bit can be adjusted and fixed effectively by arranging the slide groove and the screw B to cooperate with each other.

[0015] By arranging the threaded through hole B in the fixing block to cooperate with the thread on the fixing rod, the length of the fixing rod inserted into the guide tube A can be effectively controlled.

[0016] One end of the fixed rod is provided with a hexagon socket bolt head for easy adjustment, and the other end is provided with a pointed head for easy piercing operation. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] The accompanying drawings are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention and constitute a part of the specification. Together with the embodiments of the present invention, they are used to explain the present invention and do not constitute a limitation of the present invention. In the accompanying drawings: Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention.

[0018] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the first dial.

[0019] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the structure at the abduction angle.

[0020] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the head (tail) angle structure.

[0021] Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the structure during surgery. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0022] The preferred embodiments of the present invention are described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the preferred embodiments described herein are only used to illustrate and explain the present invention, and are not used to limit the present invention.

[0023] like Figures 1 to 4 As shown, a dual-axis spinal pedicle screw guide positioner includes: A first scale plate 10, which is arranged in an arc shape, and one end of which is fixedly connected to a guide tube A102, the guide tube A102 is arranged along the radial direction of the first scale plate 10, and a fixed rod 103 is inserted and fixed in the guide tube A102; A second scale plate 20, the second scale plate 20 is arranged in an arc shape, a slider 201 is fixedly connected to the second scale plate 20 in an adjustable position, a guide tube B202 is arranged on the slider 201, and a drill bit 203 is inserted into the guide tube B202; The second scale plate 20 is provided with a through hole A204 at its center, and the first scale plate 10 is fixed on the second scale plate 20 through the through hole A204 in an adjustable position. The first scale plate 10 and the second scale plate 20 are cross-shaped when projected from above.

[0024] Furthermore, the middle portion of the first dial 10 is convex in an arc shape, the size of the through hole 204 matches the cross-sectional size of the first dial 10, a positioning block 205 is fixedly provided on the second dial 20, the through hole 204 is provided through the positioning block 205, and a screw A2051 that connects the through hole 204 is threadedly connected to the positioning block 205.

[0025] Furthermore, the slider 201 is provided with a slide groove 2011 whose shape matches the cross-sectional size of the second scale plate 20 , and the slider 201 is provided with a screw B2012 threadedly connected to the slide groove 2011 .

[0026] Furthermore, the upper end of the guide tube A102 is fixedly connected to a fixing block 101, and a threaded through hole B1011 is provided on the fixing block 101. The through hole B1011 is coaxially arranged with the guide tube A102, and an external thread is provided on the rod body of the fixed rod 103. The fixed rod 103 passes through the threaded through hole B1011 and is threadedly connected thereto.

[0027] Furthermore, one end of the fixing rod 103 is in the shape of a hexagon socket bolt head 1031 , and the other end is provided with a pointed head 1032 .

[0028] Furthermore, when the second scale plate 20 is moved to fit with the fixed block 101 and the slider 201 is fitted with the fixed block 101, the abduction angle formed by the angle between the fixed rod 103 and the arc surface of the second scale plate 20 is 0°, and the head or tail inclination angle formed by the angle between the fixed rod 103 and the drill bit 203 is 5°.

[0029] Furthermore, the center angle corresponding to the first scale plate 10 is 50° to 90°, and the center angle corresponding to the second scale plate 20 is 60° to 120°.

[0030] Furthermore, the first scale plate 10 and the second scale plate 20 are arc lengths on circles with the same radius, and the circle radius ranges from 20 to 40 cm.

[0031] Specifically, During surgery, the arc of the first scale plate 10 surrounds the patient's waistline, and the two ends of the second scale plate 20 point to the head and tail directions. By moving the positioning block 205 and the slider 201, the angle adjustment of the drill bit 203 relative to the fixed rod 103 can be achieved to change the abduction angle and the head (tail) inclination angle of the drill bit 203, so that the drill bit 203 is driven into the spinal pedicle at a certain abduction angle and head (tail) inclination angle. The abduction angle is the angle between the drill bit 203 and the fixed rod 103 in the patient's waistline plane, and the head (tail) inclination angle is the angle between the drill bit and the fixed rod in the patient's head and tail plane.

[0032] In this embodiment, the first scale plate 10 has a central angle of 60° and a radius of 20 cm, and the second scale plate 20 has a central angle of 100° and a radius of 20 cm. This allows the abduction angle to be 0-60° and the head (tail) inclination angle to be 5-45°. To overcome this limitation, the pedicle locator can be rotated 90°, so that the first dial points to the head or tail direction, and the arc of the second dial surrounds the patient's waist circumference. In this way, the abduction angle and the head (tail) inclination angle are interchangeable, and the dual-axis angle range of the drill bit is: the abduction angle is 0-45°, and the head (tail) inclination angle is 5-60°. This increases the working range of the drill bit.

[0033] According to the different anatomical characteristics of the spinal pedicles of each patient, the pedicle screw placement path is planned before surgery, and individualized screw placement is performed according to the planned angle and direction during surgery to improve the accuracy of pedicle screw placement and reduce the incidence of complications related to screw misplacement.

[0034] Before surgery, the pedicle screw placement path was planned on spinal CT, and the abduction angle (a) and head (tail) inclination angle (b) of pedicle screw placement were measured.

[0035] Figure 5 Figure A: Transverse section of spine (lumbar spine) (CT); Figure B: Sagittal section of spine (lumbar spine) (CT) Red solid line: midline of transverse section; Solid blue line: sagittal horizontal line; Yellow line: pedicle screw placement trajectory; Red dotted line: parallel to the solid red line, with an angle a with the yellow line; Blue dotted line: parallel to the blue solid line, with an angle b with the yellow line; Green dot: pedicle screw placement point (this point can be seen after stripping the paraspinal muscles during surgery); a: abduction angle of pedicle screw placement; b: The cranial (caudal) inclination angle of pedicle screw placement.

[0036] The patient is placed in a prone position, and the operating table is adjusted to make the operating area horizontal. During the operation, the paraspinal muscles are stripped to expose the screw entry point on the surface of the spinal pedicle. First, the fixed rod 103 is fixed to the screw entry point on the surface of the pedicle through the guide tube A102, and is perpendicular to the horizontal plane, and the second dial 20 is kept parallel to the spinous process of the spine; then the second dial 20 is slid on the first dial 10 to adjust to the abduction angle a of the pedicle screw insertion measured before the operation, and the slider 201 is slid on the second dial 20 to the head (tail) inclination angle b of the pedicle screw insertion measured before the operation; finally, the drill bit 203 is drilled through the guide tube B202 to prepare the screw channel for the pedicle screw, and the pedicle screw is inserted along the screw channel after the drill bit 203 is removed.

[0037] Finally, it should be noted that the above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments or replace some of the technical features therein by equivalents. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A biaxial spinal pedicle screw guide positioner, characterized in that: include, A first scale plate (10), the first scale plate (10) being arranged in an arc shape, one end of which is fixedly connected to a guide tube A (102), the guide tube A (102) being arranged radially along the first scale plate (10), and a fixed rod (103) being inserted and fixed in the guide tube A (102); A second scale plate (20), the second scale plate (20) being arranged in an arc shape, a slider (201) being fixedly connected to the second scale plate (20) in an adjustable position, a guide tube B (202) being arranged on the slider (201), a drill bit (203) being inserted into the guide tube B (202); The second scale plate (20) is provided with a through hole A (204) at its centre, the first scale plate (10) is fixed to the second scale plate (20) through the through hole A (204) in an adjustable position, and the first scale plate (10) and the second scale plate (20) are projected in a cross shape when viewed from above.

2. A biaxial spinal pedicle screw guide positioner according to claim 1, characterized in that: The middle part of the first scale plate (10) is convex in an arc shape, the size of the through hole (204) matches the cross-sectional size of the first scale plate (10), a positioning block (205) is fixedly arranged on the second scale plate (20), the through hole (204) passes through the positioning block (205), and a screw A (2051) connected to the through hole (204) is threadedly connected on the positioning block (205).

3. A biaxial spinal pedicle screw guide positioner according to claim 1, characterized in that: The slider (201) is provided with a slide groove (2011) whose shape matches the cross-sectional size of the second scale plate (20), and the slider (201) is provided with a screw B (2012) threadedly connected to the slide groove (2011).

4. A biaxial spinal pedicle screw guide positioner according to claim 1, characterized in that: The upper end of the guide tube A (102) is fixedly connected to a fixing block (101), the fixing block (101) is provided with a threaded through hole B (1011), the through hole B (1011) is coaxially arranged with the guide tube A (102), an external thread is arranged on the body of the fixed rod (103), the fixed rod (103) passes through the threaded through hole B (1011) and is threadedly connected thereto.

5. A biaxial spinal pedicle screw guide positioner according to claim 4, characterized in that: One end of the fixing rod (103) is in the shape of a hexagon socket bolt head (1031), and the other end is provided with a pointed head (1032).

6. A biaxial spinal pedicle screw guide positioner according to claim 4, characterized in that: When the second scale plate (20) is moved to fit with the fixed block (101), and the sliding block (201) fits with the fixed block (101), the abduction angle formed by the included angle between the fixed rod (103) and the arc surface of the second scale plate (20) is 0°, and the head or tail inclination angle formed by the included angle between the fixed rod (103) and the drill bit (203) is 5°.

7. A biaxial spinal pedicle screw placement guide positioner according to claim 1, characterized in that: The center angle corresponding to the first scale plate (10) is 50° to 90°, and the center angle corresponding to the second scale plate (20) is 60° to 120°.

8. A biaxial spinal pedicle screw guide positioner according to claim 6, characterized in that: The first scale plate (10) and the second scale plate (20) are arc lengths on circles with the same radius, and the radius of the circle ranges from 20 to 40 cm.

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