A self-powered magnetorheological-variable inertia intelligent damper

Abstract

The present invention relates to a self-powered magnetorheological-variable inertia intelligent damper. The damper includes a magnetorheological cavity, a tuning cavity, a motion conversion cavity, a variable inertia cavity and an energy collection cavity, which are sequentially connected along the axis of the damper and separated by partitions, and function in stages under different excitations. The working mechanism of the self-powered damper of the present invention is staged control + dispersed energy capture and concentrated energy consumption, that is, under small vibrations, the damper stores energy + broadband passive control; under large vibrations, all cavities work together to realize the damper releases energy + active and passive hybrid control, wherein the magnetorheological cavity can adaptively control the damper output in stages according to the structural vibration conditions. Compared with the prior art, the present invention not only achieves the goal of broadband structural vibration control, but also reduces the operating energy consumption of the damper, with the dual benefits of improving control performance and reducing operating costs.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of civil engineering, and in particular to a self-powered magnetorheological-variable inertia intelligent damper. Background Art

[0002] In the field of civil engineering, large structures such as high-rise buildings and bridges are often subject to external excitations such as earthquakes and wind loads. This can easily lead to abnormal structural vibrations, which can cause structural damage or even accidents, potentially resulting in significant economic losses and casualties. Therefore, structural vibration control is a major research hotspot in civil engineering structural design.

[0003] Traditional civil engineering structural vibration control technologies are mainly divided into two categories: active control technology and passive control technology. Passive control systems, such as traditional tuned mass dampers, do not require external energy supply, but they are very sensitive to structural frequency and have relatively fixed control effects. They are usually used for wind vibration control and are difficult to adapt to complex seismic excitations. Active control systems are more precise and efficient in controlling structural vibration, but they are highly dependent on the continuous supply of large amounts of external energy, which increases the operating costs of buildings. If a power outage occurs in an extreme disaster (such as an earthquake), the damper will fail, limiting its application.

[0004] Therefore, in order to address the problem that existing dampers are difficult to achieve the goal of wide-band vibration control of structures and reduce the operating energy consumption of dampers, it is urgent to develop an intelligent damper that can be self-powered and has wide-band vibration / vibration control. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a self-powered magnetorheological-variable inertia intelligent damper in order to achieve the goal of wide-band vibration control of the structure and reduce the energy consumption of the damper operation.

[0006] The purpose of the present invention can be achieved by the following technical solutions:

[0007] A self-powered magnetorheological-variable inertia intelligent damper, comprising a magnetorheological cavity, a tuning cavity, a motion conversion cavity, a variable inertia cavity, and an energy collection cavity, which are sequentially connected along the damper axis and separated by partitions;

[0008] The magnetorheological cavity is provided with an induction coil, an inner baffle, and a piston slidably arranged between the inner baffles; the end of the piston away from the tuning cavity is connected to a first piston rod; magnetic fluid is provided on both sides of the piston, and the magnetic fluid can flow between the cavities on both sides of the piston according to the damping level under the action of the magnetic field;

[0009] A second piston rod and a tuning assembly are provided in the tuning cavity; the second piston rod passes through the partition between the cavities and is connected to the piston in the magnetorheological cavity; one end of the tuning assembly is connected to the top of the second piston rod, and the other end is connected to the partition between the cavities;

[0010] A ball nut rod and a ball screw are provided in the motion conversion cavity; one end of the ball nut rod passes through the partition between the cavities and is connected to the second piston rod in the tuning cavity, and the other end slides along the ball screw;

[0011] The variable inertia chamber is provided with a rotating shaft and a movable wheel slidably arranged on the rotating shaft, and the movable wheel is connected to an actuator; one end of the rotating shaft is connected to the ball nut rod of the motion conversion chamber, and the other end is connected to the energy collection chamber;

[0012] An electromagnetic generator is provided in the energy collection cavity, and the electromagnetic generator is connected to the rotating shaft of the variable inertia cavity; the electromagnetic generator is connected to the induction coil in the magnetorheological cavity through a first circuit, and is connected to the actuator through a second circuit, and both the first circuit and the second circuit are connected to the first intelligent controller.

[0013] Furthermore, when the external vibration excitation is small, the damper is in a passive control state and energy storage stage, and the control force of the damper is provided by the tuning cavity, the variable inertia cavity and the energy collection cavity.

[0014] Furthermore, when the external vibration excitation is large, the damper is in a mixed control state of passive control and active control and an energy release stage, and the control force of the damper is provided by the magnetorheological cavity, the tuning cavity, the variable inertia cavity and the energy collection cavity.

[0015] Furthermore, the inner baffle is provided with through holes at positions close to both ends of the cavity.

[0016] Furthermore, a first flow channel is provided in the piston, and a second flow channel that can be connected to the through hole is formed between the inner baffle and the inner wall of the magnetorheological cavity; the magnetic fluid flows between the cavities on both sides of the piston through the first flow channel or the second flow channel under the action of the magnetic field.

[0017] Furthermore, the induction coil includes a first induction coil and a second induction coil.

[0018] Furthermore, the first induction coil is arranged near the through hole, and the second induction coil is arranged near the first flow channel.

[0019] Furthermore, the first induction coil and the second induction coil are both filled with insulating material.

[0020] Furthermore, the first circuit is connected to the first induction coil, and a second intelligent controller is provided in the first circuit near the first piston rod. The second intelligent controller is connected to the second induction coil and is used to control the current of the second induction coil.

[0021] Furthermore, when the external vibration excitation is large, the second intelligent controller controls the current entering the second induction coil to achieve phased output of the magnetorheological cavity.

[0022] In the first stage, the second intelligent controller amplifies the current of the second induction coil. The resistance of the first flow channel is greater than that of the second flow channel. At this time, the magnetic fluid in the cavity on one side of the piston flows through the second flow channel to the cavity on the other side, and the overall damping force is relatively small.

[0023] In the second stage, the second intelligent controller reduces the current of the second induction coil, and the resistance of the first flow channel is smaller than that of the second flow channel. At this time, the magnetic fluid in the cavity on one side of the piston flows through the first flow channel to the cavity on the other side, and the overall damping force is medium.

[0024] In the third stage, the second intelligent controller keeps the current of the second induction coil unchanged, and the resistance of the first flow channel is close to that of the second flow channel. At this time, the magnetic fluid in the cavity on one side of the piston flows to the cavity on the other side through the first flow channel and the second flow channel respectively, and the overall damping force is large.

[0025] Furthermore, a ball is provided between the ball nut rod and the ball screw rod.

[0026] Furthermore, one end of the ball screw is rotatably arranged on the partition between the tuning cavity and the motion conversion cavity, and the other end is connected to the ball bearing and passes through the partition to be connected to the rotating shaft in the variable inertia cavity.

[0027] Furthermore, a sliding wheel disc is provided on the rotating shaft of the variable inertia cavity, and limit keys are provided on both the rotating shaft and the sliding wheel disc.

[0028] Furthermore, a slider is provided on the slide rail wheel for sliding movement. The slider can slide on the slide rail between the limit keys and is connected to a hinge provided on the movable wheel through a lacing.

[0029] Furthermore, the electromagnetic generator is installed in the energy collection cavity through a fixing key.

[0030] Furthermore, the first circuit is built into and integrated in the outer walls of the magnetorheological cavity, tuning cavity, motion conversion cavity, variable inertia cavity and energy collection cavity; the second circuit is built into the partition between the variable inertia cavity and the energy collection cavity.

[0031] Furthermore, the working distances of the piston, the second piston rod and the ball nut rod are the same.

[0032] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0033] (1) The self-powered magnetorheological-variable inertia intelligent damper of the present invention is composed of a magnetorheological cavity, a tuning cavity, a motion conversion cavity, a variable inertia cavity and an energy collection cavity arranged in series. In the small-amplitude vibration stage, it performs passive control and energy storage, and in the large-amplitude vibration stage, it performs active-passive hybrid control and energy release. It can not only achieve the goal of wide-band vibration control of the structure, but also reduce the energy consumption of the damper in the operation stage.

[0034] (2) The overall working mechanism of the present invention is staged control + dispersed energy capture and centralized energy consumption. The staged control working mechanism maximizes the control performance of the damper under different levels of excitation, that is, realizes the adaptive function; on the other hand, the dispersed energy capture and centralized energy consumption working mechanism collects the external small-amplitude vibration mechanical energy and reacts to suppress the large-amplitude vibration of the structure at a specific moment, avoiding the energy shortage problem caused by the "energy capture-energy consumption synchronization" working mechanism of the traditional self-powered damper, and making it easier to achieve the self-powered goal of the damper.

[0035] (3) The magnetorheological cavity of the present invention can adaptively control the damper output in stages according to the structural vibration conditions, better adapt to the shock absorption requirements of civil structures under small, medium and large earthquakes, and can more comprehensively respond to different types of dynamic loads, providing effective control effects regardless of low-amplitude or high-amplitude vibrations.

[0036] (4) The introduction of the rotating variable inertia mechanism of the present invention significantly broadens the damping frequency band of the damper, overcomes the deficiency of the traditional tuned damper in the case of imbalance (the external excitation frequency is not within the damping frequency band of the damper) and enhances the robustness of the damper.

[0037] (5) The self-powered magnetorheological-variable inertia intelligent damper of the present invention can not only reduce the operating cost of the damper, but also ensure that the damper can continue to work when the external power supply is interrupted, avoiding the disadvantage of traditional active magnetorheological dampers failing due to power failure under large excitation, and has stronger robustness, which is crucial for improving the safety of structures in extreme events such as earthquakes.

[0038] (6) The energy storage and energy release of the damper of the present invention are carried out in stages. Energy is stored under most small vibration conditions (subway, wind, etc.) and energy is consumed under occasional conditions (earthquakes, typhoons), thereby significantly reducing the operating energy consumption of the damper and alleviating the difficulty of energy consumption > energy supply during operation of existing self-powered dampers.

[0039] (7) The damper of the present invention is integrated with cavities with different functions, and has a high degree of modularity, which is conducive to mass production in practical applications, convenient installation and rapid maintenance. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0040] Figure 1 This is a structural diagram of the self-powered magnetorheological-variable inertia intelligent damper according to Example 2 of the present invention.

[0041] Figure 2 for Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the AA cross section.

[0042] Figure 3 for Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the BB cross section.

[0043] Description of the marks in the figure:

[0044] 1-magnetorheological cavity, 11-induction coil, 111-first induction coil, 112-second induction coil, 113-insulating material, 12-inner baffle, 121-through hole, 13-piston, 14-first piston rod, 15-first flow channel, 16-second flow channel;

[0045] 2-tuning cavity, 21-second piston rod, 22-tuning assembly;

[0046] 3-motion conversion cavity, 31-ball nut rod, 32-ball screw, 33-ball, 34-ball bearing;

[0047] 4-variable inertia chamber, 41-rotating shaft, 42-movable wheel, 43-slide wheel, 44-limit key, 45-slider, 46-lacing, 47-hinge, 48-actuator;

[0048] 5-energy collection cavity, 51-electromagnetic generator, 511-first circuit, 5111-second intelligent controller, 512-second circuit, 513-first intelligent controller, 52-fixed key. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0049] The present invention is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. This embodiment is implemented based on the technical solution of the present invention, and provides a detailed implementation method and specific operation process, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments.

[0050] In the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer" and the like indicating directions or positional relationships are based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or components referred to must have a specific direction, be constructed and operated in a specific direction, and therefore should not be understood as limiting the present invention; the terms "first", "second", and "third" are only used for descriptive purposes and should not be understood as indicating or implying relative importance; in addition, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected", and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection, an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, or it can be internal communication between two components. For those skilled in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0051] It should be noted that similar reference numerals and letters denote similar items in the following drawings, and therefore, once an item is defined in one drawing, it does not require further definition or explanation in subsequent drawings.

[0052] Example 1:

[0053] A self-powered magnetorheological-variable inertia intelligent damper comprises a magnetorheological cavity 1, a tuning cavity 2, a motion conversion cavity 3, a variable inertia cavity 4 and an energy collection cavity 5 which are sequentially connected along the damper axis and separated by partitions.

[0054] The magnetorheological cavity 1 is equipped with an induction coil 11, an inner baffle 12, and a piston 13 that slides between the inner baffles 12. The end of the piston 13 away from the tuning cavity 2 is connected to a first piston rod 14. Magnetic fluid is provided on both sides of the piston 13. Under the influence of the magnetic field, the magnetic fluid can flow between the cavities on both sides of the piston 13 according to the damping level.

[0055] A second piston rod 21 and a tuning assembly 22 are provided in the tuning cavity 2. The second piston rod 21 passes through the partition between the cavities and is connected to the piston 13 in the magnetorheological cavity 1. One end of the tuning assembly 22 is connected to the top of the second piston rod 21, and the other end is connected to the partition between the cavities.

[0056] A ball nut rod 31 and a ball screw 32 are provided in the motion conversion cavity 3. One end of the ball nut rod 31 passes through the partition between the cavities and is connected to the second piston rod 21 in the tuning cavity 2, and the other end slides along the ball screw 32.

[0057] The variable inertia chamber 4 is provided with a rotating shaft 41 and a movable wheel 42 slidably arranged on the rotating shaft 41, and the movable wheel 42 is connected to the actuator 48. One end of the rotating shaft 41 is connected to the ball nut rod 31 of the motion conversion chamber 3, and the other end is connected to the energy collection chamber 5.

[0058] An electromagnetic generator 51 is provided within the energy collection chamber 5 and is connected to the rotating shaft 41 of the variable inertia chamber 4. The electromagnetic generator 51 is connected to the induction coil 11 within the magnetorheological chamber 1 via a first circuit 511 and to the actuator 48 via a second circuit 512. Both the first circuit 511 and the second circuit 512 are connected to a first intelligent controller 513.

[0059] When the external vibration excitation is small, the damper is in a passive control state and energy storage stage, and the control force of the damper is provided by the tuning cavity 2, the variable inertia cavity 4 and the energy collection cavity 5; when the external vibration excitation is large, the damper is in a mixed control state of passive control and active control and an energy release stage, and the control force of the damper is provided by the magnetorheological cavity 1, the tuning cavity 2, the variable inertia cavity 4 and the energy collection cavity 5.

[0060] Example 2:

[0061] A self-powered magnetorheological-variable inertia intelligent damper comprises a magnetorheological cavity 1, a tuning cavity 2, a motion conversion cavity 3, a variable inertia cavity 4 and an energy collection cavity 5 which are sequentially connected along the damper axis and separated by partitions.

[0062] like Figure 1 As shown, the magnetorheological cavity 1 of this embodiment is provided with an induction coil 11, an inner baffle 12, and a piston 13 slidingly arranged between the inner baffles 12. The end of the piston 13 away from the tuning cavity 2 is connected to a first piston rod 14, and magnetic fluid is provided on both sides of the piston 13. Under the action of the magnetic field, the magnetic fluid can flow between the cavities on both sides of the piston 13 according to the damping size. The inner baffle 12 of this embodiment is provided with a through hole 121 at a position near the two ends of the cavity. A first flow channel 15 is provided in the piston 13, and a second flow channel 16 that can be connected to the through hole 121 is formed between the inner baffle 12 and the inner wall of the magnetorheological cavity 1. Under the action of the magnetic field, the magnetic fluid flows between the cavities on both sides of the piston 13 through the first flow channel 15 or the second flow channel 16.

[0063] The induction coil 11 of this embodiment includes a first induction coil 111 and a second induction coil 112. The first induction coil 111 is positioned near the through-hole 121, and the second induction coil 112 is positioned near the first flow channel 15. Both the first induction coil 111 and the second induction coil 112 are filled with insulating material 113. A first circuit 511 is connected to the first induction coil 111. A second intelligent controller 5111 is provided within the first circuit 511 near the first piston rod 14. The second intelligent controller 5111 is connected to the second induction coil 112 and is used to control the current flowing through the second induction coil 112.

[0064] The tuning cavity 2 of this embodiment is equipped with a second piston rod 21 and a tuning assembly 22. The second piston rod 21 passes through the partition between the cavities and is connected to the piston 13 in the magnetorheological cavity 1. One end of the tuning assembly 22 is connected to the top of the second piston rod 21, and the other end is connected to the partition between the cavities. The tuning assembly 22 of this embodiment is a spring with linear stiffness, arranged parallel to the axis of the second piston rod 21. It can generate a linear restoring force proportional to the displacement of the second piston rod 21, providing stable stiffness for the system.

[0065] In this embodiment, the motion conversion chamber 3 is equipped with a ball nut 31 and a ball screw 32. One end of the ball nut 31 passes through the partition between the chambers and connects to the second piston rod 21 in the tuning chamber 2. The other end slides along the ball screw 32. A ball 33 is positioned between the ball nut 31 and the ball screw 32. One end of the ball screw 32 is rotatably mounted on the partition between the tuning chamber 2 and the motion conversion chamber 3. The other end is connected to a ball bearing 34 and passes through the partition to connect to the rotating shaft 41 in the variable inertia chamber 4.

[0066] The variable inertia chamber 4 of this embodiment is provided with a rotating shaft 41 and a movable wheel 42 slidably mounted on the rotating shaft 41, and the movable wheel 42 is connected to an actuator 48. One end of the rotating shaft 41 is connected to the ball nut rod 31 of the motion conversion chamber 3, and the other end is connected to the energy collection chamber 5. A sliding wheel 43 is provided on the rotating shaft 41 of the variable inertia chamber 4, and limit keys 44 are provided on both the rotating shaft 41 and the sliding wheel 43. A slider 45 is slidably mounted on the sliding wheel 43, and the slider 45 can slide on the slide rail between the limit keys 44 and is connected to a hinge 47 provided on the movable wheel 42 via a lacing 46.

[0067] In the energy collection cavity 5 of this embodiment, an electromagnetic generator 51 is provided, and the electromagnetic generator 51 is installed in the energy collection cavity 5 by a fixed key 52. ​​The electromagnetic generator 51 is connected to the rotating shaft 41 of the variable inertia cavity 4. The electromagnetic generator 51 is connected to the induction coil 11 in the magnetorheological cavity 1 through a first circuit 511, and is connected to the actuator 48 through a second circuit 512, and the first circuit 511 and the second circuit 512 are both connected to the first intelligent controller 513. The first circuit 511 of this embodiment is built-in and integrated in the outer walls of the magnetorheological cavity 1, the tuning cavity 2, the motion conversion cavity 3, the variable inertia cavity 4 and the energy collection cavity 5, and the second circuit 512 is built-in in the partition between the variable inertia cavity 4 and the energy collection cavity 5.

[0068] Example 3:

[0069] A self-powered magnetorheological-variable inertia intelligent damper comprises a magnetorheological cavity 1, a tuning cavity 2, a motion conversion cavity 3, a variable inertia cavity 4 and an energy collection cavity 5, wherein the cavities are connected in series in sequence.

[0070] The magnetorheological chamber 1 includes: a first induction coil 111, a second induction coil 112, an insulating material 113, an inner baffle 12 with a hole, a piston 13, and a first piston rod 14. The first induction coil 111 and the insulating material 113 are built into the holes of the inner baffle 12 near the end plates on both sides of the magnetorheological chamber 1. A first flow channel 15 is provided in the piston 13, and a second induction coil 112 and the insulating material 113 are built into the piston 13 near the first flow channel 15. The inner baffle 12 with a hole divides the chamber to form an elongated second flow channel 16. The first piston rod 14 passes through the left end plate of the magnetorheological chamber 1 and is connected to the piston 13. It also has a built-in first circuit 511 to power the first induction coil 111.

[0071] The tuning chamber 2 includes a second piston rod 21 and a tuning assembly 22. One end of the second piston rod 21 passes through the right end plate of the magnetorheological chamber 1 and connects to the piston 13. The other end is connected to the ball nut 31. The tuning assembly 22 is connected to the right end plate of the magnetorheological chamber 1 on one side and to the second piston rod 21 on the other side.

[0072] The motion conversion chamber 3 includes a ball 33, a ball nut 31, a ball screw 32, and a ball bearing 34. One end of the ball nut 31 passes through the right end plate of the tuning chamber 2 and connects to the second piston rod 21. The other end slides along the ball screw 32 via the ball 33. The right end of the ball screw 32 is connected to the ball bearing 34 and passes through the right end plate of the motion conversion chamber 3 to connect to the rotating shaft 41.

[0073] The variable inertia chamber 4 comprises a sliding wheel 43, a slider 45, a tether 46, a hinge 47, a movable wheel 42, a rotating shaft 41, and an actuator 48. Both the sliding wheel 43 and the rotating shaft 41 are equipped with limit keys 44. The sliding wheel 43 is fixed to the rotating shaft 41 and rotates with it, driving the movable wheel 42 to rotate via the slider 45, hinge 47, and tether 46. The movable wheel 42 slides along the rotating shaft 41 under the drive of the actuator 48, driving the slider 45 to slide along the sliding wheel 43 via the hinge 47 and tether 46.

[0074] The energy collection chamber 5 includes: an electromagnetic generator 51, a first circuit 511 and a second circuit 512. The electromagnetic generator 51 is fixed to the energy collection chamber 5 by a fixed key 52 and is connected to the rotating shaft 41 to generate electricity. The first circuit 511 supplies power to the first induction coil 111 and the second induction coil 112, and the second circuit 512 supplies power to the actuator 48. The first circuit 511 is built into and integrated in the outer wall of the magnetorheological chamber 1, the tuning chamber 2, the motion conversion chamber 3, the variable inertia chamber 4 and the energy collection chamber 5. The second circuit 512 is built into the right end plate of the variable inertia chamber 4 and is connected to the actuator 48. A first intelligent controller 513 is integrated in the electromagnetic generator 51 to control the opening and closing of the first circuit 511 and the second circuit 512; a second intelligent controller 5111 is provided outside the first piston rod 14 to control the current of the second induction coil 112.

[0075] In this embodiment, the distance between the left inner wall of the magnetorheological chamber 1 and the left end of the piston 13 is defined as L1; the distance between the right inner wall of the magnetorheological chamber 1 and the right end of the piston 13 is defined as L2; ​​the distance between the right outer wall of the magnetorheological chamber 1 and the right end of the second piston rod 21 (closer to the magnetorheological chamber 1) is defined as L3; the distance between the right inner wall of the tuning chamber 2 and the right end of the second piston rod 21 (closer to the motion conversion chamber 3) is defined as L4; the distance between the right outer wall of the tuning chamber 2 and the right end of the ball nut rod 31 (closer to the tuning chamber 2) is defined as L5; and the distance between the right end of the ball nut rod 31 (closer to the variable inertia chamber 4) and the left end of the ball bearing 34 is defined as L6. The working strokes within each chamber are defined as L1 = L3 = L5 and L2 = L4 = L6, ensuring that the working distances of the piston 13, the second piston rod 21, and the ball nut rod 31 are the same.

[0076] To ensure the magnetic conductivity of the damper, the outer wall of the magnetorheological cavity 1 and the piston 13 must be made of materials with good magnetic conductivity. To avoid problems such as leakage and electric shock, the first induction coil 111 and the second induction coil 112 must be wrapped with a layer of insulating material 113.

[0077] The working principle of the self-powered magnetorheological-variable inertia intelligent damper of the present invention is as follows:

[0078] Under external excitation, the structure displaces, squeezing / stretching the first piston rod 14, driving the piston 13 to move close to the inside of the inner baffle 12, and the second piston rod 21 moves accordingly and drives the ball nut rod 31 to move, thereby converting the linear motion of the damper into rotation of the rotating shaft 41; the rotating shaft 41 drives the magnetic block in the electromagnetic generator 51 to rotate and generate electricity, thereby converting the vibration mechanical energy into electrical energy, and storing the electrical energy in the electromagnetic generator 51.

[0079] If the external vibration excitation is small (such as breeze, subway vibration), the damper is in a passive control state, and the control force is mainly provided by the elastic force of the tuning cavity 2, the inertia force of the variable inertia cavity 4 and the electromagnetic reaction force of the energy collection cavity 5. The overall energy consumption of the entire system is less than the energy capture, and the damper is in the energy storage stage. Specifically, the first intelligent controller 513 controls the first circuit 511 to be disconnected. At this time, there is no induced current in the first induction coil 111 and the second induction coil 112, the viscosity of the magnetorheological fluid is small, and the magnetorheological cavity 1 provides almost no damping force. At the same time, the first intelligent controller 513 controls the second circuit 512 to be connected, and the actuator 48 operates to drive the movable wheel 42 to move along the rotating shaft 41, and then drives the slider 45 to move along the slide rail on the slide wheel 43. The rotating mass (i.e., inertia) in the variable inertia cavity 4 changes, and the tuning frequency of the damper changes accordingly (tuning frequency k is the stiffness of the tuning assembly 22, and m is the rotating mass), thereby widening the vibration reduction band of the damper.

[0080] If the external vibration excitation is large (such as earthquakes or typhoons), the damper is in an active-passive hybrid control state. The control force is mainly provided by the damping force of the magnetorheological cavity 1, the elastic force of the tuning cavity 2, the inertia force of the variable inertia cavity 4, and the electromagnetic reaction force of the energy collection cavity 5. The energy consumption of the entire system is greater than the energy capture, and the damper is in the energy release stage. Specifically, the first intelligent controller 513 controls the first circuit 511 to be connected, and the first induction coil 111 is activated; the second intelligent controller 5111 controls the current entering the second induction coil 112 to achieve the staged output of the magnetorheological cavity 1:

[0081] ① First stage: the second intelligent controller 5111 amplifies the current of the second induction coil 112, and the resistance of the first flow channel 15 is greater than the resistance of the second flow channel 16. At this time, the magnetic fluid in the cavity on one side of the piston 13 passes through the through hole 121 of the inner baffle 12 and flows to the cavity on the other side of the piston 13 through the second flow channel 16, and the overall damping force is small.

[0082] ②Second stage: the second intelligent controller 5111 reduces the current of the second induction coil 112, and the resistance of the first flow channel 15 is less than the resistance of the second flow channel 16. At this time, the magnetic fluid in the cavity on one side of the piston 13 flows through the first flow channel 15 to the cavity on the other side of the piston 13, and the overall damping force is medium.

[0083] ③ Stage 3: Second intelligent controller 5111 maintains the current in second induction coil 112 unchanged, and the resistance of first flow channel 15 approaches that of second flow channel 16. At this point, the magnetic fluid in the cavity on one side of piston 13 partially flows through first flow channel 15, and the remaining portion flows through second flow channel 16 to the cavity on the other side of piston 13, resulting in a relatively large overall damping force. Furthermore, second circuit 512 remains connected, and the operating mode of variable-volume cavity 4 remains unchanged.

[0084] Overall, the working mechanism of the self-powered magnetorheological-variable inertia intelligent damper is "stage control" + "dispersed energy capture and concentrated energy consumption": in the small-amplitude vibration stage, it is the passive control + energy storage stage (tuning cavity 2 + variable inertia cavity 4 + energy collection cavity 5), and in the large-amplitude vibration stage, it is the active-passive hybrid control + energy release stage (magnetorheological cavity 1 + tuning cavity 2 + variable inertia cavity 4 + energy collection cavity 5).

[0085] On the one hand, the "stage control" working mechanism maximizes the control performance of the damper under different levels of excitation, that is, realizes the adaptive function; on the other hand, the "dispersed energy capture and concentrated energy consumption" working mechanism collects the external small-amplitude vibration mechanical energy and reacts to suppress the large-amplitude vibration of the structure at a specific moment, avoiding the energy shortage problem caused by the "energy capture-energy consumption synchronization" working mechanism of the traditional self-powered damper, and making it easier to achieve the self-powered goal of the damper.

[0086] The above description of the embodiments is intended to facilitate understanding and use of the invention by those skilled in the art. It will be apparent that those skilled in the art can readily make various modifications to these embodiments and apply the general principles described herein to other embodiments without requiring inventive effort. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments. Improvements and modifications made by those skilled in the art based on the disclosure of the present invention, without departing from the scope of the present invention, should be within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A self-powered magnetorheological-variable inertia intelligent damper, characterized in that: The invention comprises a magnetorheological cavity (1), a tuning cavity (2), a motion conversion cavity (3), a variable inertia cavity (4) and an energy collection cavity (5) which are sequentially connected along the damper axis and separated by a partition plate; The magnetorheological cavity (1) is provided with an induction coil (11), an inner baffle (12), and a piston (13) slidably arranged between the inner baffles (12); the end of the piston (13) away from the tuning cavity (2) is connected to a first piston rod (14); magnetic fluid is provided on both sides of the piston (13), and the magnetic fluid can flow between the cavities on both sides of the piston (13) according to the damping size under the action of a magnetic field; A second piston rod (21) and a tuning assembly (22) are provided in the tuning cavity (2); the second piston rod (21) passes through the partition between the cavities and is connected to the piston (13) in the magnetorheological cavity (1); one end of the tuning assembly (22) is connected to the top of the second piston rod (21), and the other end is connected to the partition between the cavities; A ball nut rod (31) and a ball screw (32) are provided in the motion conversion cavity (3); one end of the ball nut rod (31) passes through the partition between the cavities and is connected to the second piston rod (21) in the tuning cavity (2), and the other end slides along the ball screw (32); The variable inertia chamber (4) is provided with a rotating shaft (41) and a movable wheel (42) slidably arranged on the rotating shaft (41), and the movable wheel (42) is connected to an actuator (48); one end of the rotating shaft (41) is connected to the ball nut rod (31) of the motion conversion chamber (3), and the other end is connected to the energy collection chamber (5); An electromagnetic generator (51) is provided in the energy collection cavity (5), and the electromagnetic generator (51) is connected to the rotating shaft (41) of the variable inertia cavity (4); the electromagnetic generator (51) is connected to the induction coil (11) in the magnetorheological cavity (1) through a first circuit (511), and is connected to the actuator (48) through a second circuit (512), and both the first circuit (511) and the second circuit (512) are connected to a first intelligent controller (513).

2. The self-powered magnetorheological-variable inertia intelligent damper according to claim 1, characterized in that: When the external vibration excitation is small, the damper is in a passive control state and energy storage stage, and the control force of the damper is provided by the tuning cavity (2), the variable inertia cavity (4) and the energy collection cavity (5); When the external vibration excitation is large, the damper is in a mixed control state of passive control and active control and an energy release stage, and the control force of the damper is provided by the magnetorheological cavity (1), the tuning cavity (2), the variable inertia cavity (4) and the energy collection cavity (5).

3. The self-powered magnetorheological-variable inertia intelligent damper according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inner baffle (12) is provided with through holes (121) at positions close to both ends of the cavity; A first flow channel (15) is provided in the piston (13), and a second flow channel (16) that is in communication with the through hole (121) is formed between the inner baffle (12) and the inner wall of the magnetorheological cavity (1); the magnetic fluid flows between the cavities on both sides of the piston (13) through the first flow channel (15) or the second flow channel (16) under the action of a magnetic field.

4. The self-powered magnetorheological-variable inertia intelligent damper according to claim 3, characterized in that: The induction coil (11) includes a first induction coil (111) and a second induction coil (112); The first induction coil (111) is arranged near the through hole (121), and the second induction coil (112) is arranged near the first flow channel (15); The first induction coil (111) and the second induction coil (112) are both filled with insulating material (113).

5. The self-powered magnetorheological-variable inertia intelligent damper according to claim 4, characterized in that: The first circuit (511) is connected to the first induction coil (111), and a second intelligent controller (5111) is provided in the first circuit (511) near the first piston rod (14). The second intelligent controller (5111) is connected to the second induction coil (112) and is used to control the current of the second induction coil (112).

6. The self-powered magnetorheological-variable inertia intelligent damper according to claim 5, characterized in that: When the external vibration excitation is large, the second intelligent controller (5111) controls the magnitude of the current entering the second induction coil (112) to achieve phased output of the magnetorheological cavity (1); In the first stage, the second intelligent controller (5111) amplifies the current of the second induction coil (112), and the resistance of the first flow channel (15) is greater than the resistance of the second flow channel (16). At this time, the magnetic fluid in the cavity on one side of the piston (13) flows to the cavity on the other side through the second flow channel (16), and the overall damping force is relatively small. In the second stage, the second intelligent controller (5111) reduces the current of the second induction coil (112), and the resistance of the first flow channel (15) is smaller than the resistance of the second flow channel (16). At this time, the magnetic fluid in the cavity on one side of the piston (13) flows through the first flow channel (15) to the cavity on the other side, and the overall damping force is medium; In the third stage, the second intelligent controller (5111) maintains the current of the second induction coil (112) unchanged, and the resistance of the first flow channel (15) is close to that of the second flow channel (16). At this time, the magnetic fluid in the cavity on one side of the piston (13) flows to the cavity on the other side through the first flow channel (15) and the second flow channel (16), respectively, and the overall damping force is relatively large.

7. The self-powered magnetorheological-variable inertia intelligent damper according to claim 1, characterized in that: A ball (33) is provided between the ball nut rod (31) and the ball screw rod (32); One end of the ball screw (32) is rotatably arranged on a partition between the tuning cavity (2) and the motion conversion cavity (3), and the other end is connected to a ball bearing (34) and passes through the partition to be connected to a rotating shaft (41) in the variable inertia cavity (4).

8. The self-powered magnetorheological-variable inertia intelligent damper according to claim 1, characterized in that: A sliding wheel disc (43) is provided on the rotating shaft (41) of the variable inertia cavity (4), and a limit key (44) is provided on both the rotating shaft (41) and the sliding wheel disc (43); A slider (45) is slidably provided on the slide rail wheel disc (43). The slider (45) can slide on the slide rail between the limit keys (44) and is connected to a hinge (47) provided on the movable wheel disc (42) through a lacing (46).

9. The self-powered magnetorheological-variable inertia intelligent damper according to claim 1, characterized in that: The electromagnetic generator (51) is installed in the energy collection cavity (5) via a fixing key (52); The first circuit (511) is built into and integrated in the outer walls of the magnetorheological cavity (1), the tuning cavity (2), the motion conversion cavity (3), the variable inertia cavity (4), and the energy collection cavity (5); and the second circuit (512) is built into a partition between the variable inertia cavity (4) and the energy collection cavity (5).

10. The self-powered magnetorheological-variable inertia intelligent damper according to claim 1, characterized in that: The working distances of the piston (13), the second piston rod (21) and the ball nut rod (31) are the same.

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