Deep hole step blasting mining method for open-pit rock mine

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of open-pit rock mining, and in particular to a deep-hole step blasting mining method for open-pit rock mines. It includes the steps of drilling, hole cleaning, preloading of explosive packages, loading into holes, blast hole filling, and detonation. Among them, the hole cleaning adopts a hole cleaning sleeve with a first crushing tooth and a second crushing tooth, which rotates under the action of a driving mechanism and crushes the gravel remaining in the blast hole; the preloading of the explosive package uses a segmented preloaded tube with a head, and the preloaded tube is smoothly loaded into the blast hole through a bracket and a hoisting mechanism. The present application improves the efficiency of blast hole cleaning, ensures the precise installation of the explosive package, optimizes the blasting effect, simplifies the operation process, and improves the safety and reliability of the operation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of open-pit rock mining, and in particular to a deep-hole step blasting mining method for open-pit rock mining. Background Art

[0002] At present, in the development of open-pit mines, with the increasing depletion of mineral resources and the continuous increase in mining depth, the traditional shallow hole blasting method has gradually failed to meet production needs. As an efficient mining technology, deep hole step blasting has been widely studied and applied because it can significantly improve blasting efficiency and reduce mining costs. This technology can effectively crush large areas of rock mass by setting reasonable drilling depth, spacing and angle, greatly improving the recovery rate of ore and the safety of operations.

[0003] The existing deep hole step blasting mining methods mainly include the following common technical means: First, the traditional single-row hole arrangement method, that is, drilling a series of parallel blast holes in the vertical direction at a predetermined height. The second is the multi-row staggered hole arrangement method, which aims to improve the blasting uniformity and stability of the former by staggering the blast holes. The third is the pre-crack blasting method, which first drills a row of pre-cracks along the designed excavation contour line, and then conducts the main blasting, so as to control the direction and range of rock mass rupture, effectively reducing the risk of slope instability.

[0004] Regardless of the method, explosives must be loaded into the blasthole during the specific construction. The explosives are generally loaded with electronic detonators and detonating charges, and then compacted with wooden blasting sticks. During the process, attention should also be paid to the safety of the charges, and the charges and detonating lines should not be damaged to ensure the smooth progress of subsequent blasting.

[0005] As the depth of the blasthole increases, the explosive filling process becomes more complicated and difficult to control. The specific manifestations are as follows: First, the depth of the charge is too deep, and the accuracy of the installation position of the charge bag is difficult to control; second, it is difficult to observe the internal situation of the blasthole to see if there are any debris. If there are debris such as gravel, the charge bag will get stuck or difficult to move, affecting the smooth filling process; third, when using blasting sticks, it is necessary to rely on the experience of the staff, which is difficult. Summary of the invention

[0006] The present application provides a deep hole step blasting mining method for an open-pit rock mine, which adopts the following technical scheme:

[0007] A deep hole step blasting mining method for an open-pit rock mass mine, comprising drilling, hole cleaning, pre-loading of explosive packs, loading into the hole, blast hole filling, and detonation;

[0008] The hole cleaning device is used, and the hole cleaning device includes a hole cleaning sleeve, and the hole cleaning sleeve is used to be inserted into the blast hole; the end of the hole cleaning sleeve is provided with a first crushing tooth; a driving mechanism is used to connect the hole cleaning sleeve with the driving mechanism so as to drive the hole cleaning sleeve to enter the blast hole and rotate, and the first crushing tooth is used to crush the gravel remaining in the blast hole;

[0009] The explosive package is pre-loaded in a pre-loaded tube. The position of the explosive package in the pre-loaded tube is determined according to the blasting method, and the explosive package is installed in the pre-loaded tube on the ground;

[0010] The pre-loaded tube containing the explosive charge is placed into the blast hole and the blast hole is filled to complete the loading into the hole.

[0011] By adopting the above technical solution, the problems of difficult removal of gravel in the blasthole and complicated charging process in the existing deep hole step blasting can be effectively solved. First, the first crushing tooth arranged at the end of the hole cleaning sleeve can rotate under the action of the driving mechanism to efficiently crush the residual gravel in the blasthole, ensure the cleanliness of the inside of the blasthole, reduce interference from debris, and improve the success rate and safety of subsequent charging.

[0012] Secondly, the use of pre-loaded tubes with explosive charges pre-assembled on the ground not only simplifies the on-site operation process and reduces the risk of high-altitude operations, but also improves the accuracy of charging, ensures the correct position of the charges in the borehole, and further improves the blasting effect.

[0013] Finally, the pre-loaded tube containing the explosive package was successfully placed into the blast hole and filled. The whole process was simple and quick, which reduced manual intervention, improved work efficiency, and also ensured the safety of the explosive package.

[0014] Preferably, after the hole cleaning is completed, the hole cleaning sleeve is left in the blasthole, and when filling into the hole, the pre-installed pipe is inserted into the hole cleaning sleeve and then inserted into the blasthole; after the filling into the hole is completed, the hole cleaning sleeve is pulled out.

[0015] By adopting the above technical solution, the cleaning sleeve is left in the blast hole after the hole cleaning is completed and used as a guide tool when filling the hole, which can ensure that the pre-installed tube is accurately inserted into the blast hole and prevent blockage caused by residues in the blast hole, thereby improving the filling efficiency and safety.

[0016] Preferably, the hole cleaning sleeve is further provided with a second crushing tooth; an embedding groove is provided on the outer wall of the hole cleaning sleeve, and the second crushing tooth is arranged in the embedding groove; one end of the second crushing tooth is hinged to the hole cleaning sleeve, and the other end is swingably arranged and can be swung to the outside of the embedding groove;

[0017] When the blast hole is being cleaned, the driving mechanism controls the hole cleaning sleeve to rotate forward, and the second crushing tooth swings to the outside of the embedded groove, thereby crushing and cleaning the protrusions on the side wall of the blast hole; when the hole cleaning sleeve is pulled out of the blast hole, the driving mechanism controls the hole cleaning sleeve to flip, and the second crushing tooth can swing and be retracted into the embedded groove.

[0018] By adopting the above technical solution, the second crushing tooth on the hole cleaning sleeve can swing to the outside of the embedded groove during the hole cleaning process, and efficiently crush and clean the protrusions on the side wall of the blast hole, ensuring the flatness of the inner wall of the blast hole, reducing the resistance and jamming problems when installing the powder bag, and improving the loading efficiency and safety. At the same time, when the hole cleaning sleeve is pulled out, the second crushing tooth can automatically retract into the embedded groove to prevent scratching the inner wall of the blast hole and other equipment, further ensuring the safety of operation.

[0019] Preferably, when filling the hole, a bracket is used; the bracket includes a support frame and a support plate arranged on the support frame; the support plate is used to place the pre-installed tube; the support plate is rotatably connected to the support frame and can be rotated from a horizontal state to a vertical state;

[0020] The pre-installed tube is aligned with the hole cleaning sleeve through the bracket, so that the pre-installed tube can be smoothly loaded into the blast hole.

[0021] By adopting the above technical solution, the design of the bracket enables the pre-installed pipe to be accurately aligned with the hole cleaning sleeve when loading into the hole, ensuring that the pre-installed pipe can enter the blasthole smoothly. The rotating connection design between the support plate and the support frame not only facilitates the operator to adjust the angle of the pre-installed pipe, but also reduces the deviation of the pre-installed pipe during the loading process, thereby improving the loading accuracy and work efficiency.

[0022] Preferably, the bracket is also provided with a lifting mechanism, which includes a reeling machine, a sling and a connecting head; the sling is connected to the reeling machine, the reeling machine is used to reel the sling, the connecting head is connected to the sling, and the connecting head is detachably connected to the pre-installed pipe; by controlling the reeling speed of the lifting mechanism, the installation speed of the pre-installed pipe is controlled.

[0023] By adopting the above technical solution, the hole cleaning sleeve is left in the blasthole after the hole cleaning is completed and used as a guide channel when loading into the hole, so that the pre-installed tube can be smoothly inserted into the blasthole. At the same time, the design of the bracket allows the pre-installed tube to be prepared in a horizontal state, and then it is aligned with the hole cleaning sleeve and smoothly loaded into the blasthole by rotating the support plate. On this basis, adding a lifting mechanism can not only accurately control the lowering speed of the pre-installed tube, ensuring that the drug bag will not be damaged by sudden impact, but also reduce manual operation errors and improve the safety and reliability of the entire loading process.

[0024] Preferably, the bracket further comprises a guide sleeve arranged on the support plate, and the guide sleeve can be sleeved with the hole cleaning sleeve; when filling into the hole, the pre-installed pipe passes through the guide sleeve.

[0025] By adopting the above technical solution, the guide sleeve is connected with the hole cleaning sleeve to ensure that the pre-installed tube can be accurately aligned with the central axis of the blast hole when loading into the hole, reducing the risk of deviation. At the same time, the existence of the guide sleeve can effectively prevent the pre-installed tube from tilting or colliding during the falling process, ensuring the smooth installation of the drug package and improving the loading efficiency and safety.

[0026] Preferably, the pre-installed tube comprises a plurality of segments, and two adjacent segments are detachably connected; when the medicine package is pre-installed, the plurality of segments are disassembled, and the medicine package is installed in each segment separately, and finally the plurality of segments are spliced ​​together;

[0027] The end of the pre-installed tube is also provided with a head, which includes a cover screwed to the end of the pre-installed tube, an adjusting bolt arranged on the cover, and a top plate arranged inside the cover, the adjusting bolt is screwed to the cover, and the top plate is fixedly connected to the adjusting bolt; after several sections are spliced ​​together, the medicine package is abutted by the top plate.

[0028] By adopting the above technical solution, the pre-installed tube is divided into several sections and the charge packs are installed separately on the ground and assembled into a whole, which can facilitate the smooth installation of the charge packs and avoid possible damage to the charge packs during long-distance movement. The segmented design also allows the distribution of charge to be adjusted according to actual needs at different stages, which improves flexibility. In addition, through the design of the head, the charge pack is abutted with the top plate to ensure the compactness of the charge pack in the pre-installed tube, prevent the problem of poor explosion effect caused by loose charge packs, and improve the safety and reliability of blasting.

[0029] Preferably, for two adjacent segments, a buckle is provided on one of the segments, and a slot is provided on the other segment, and the buckle and the slot are snap-fitted together to achieve a detachable connection between the two adjacent segments; a closing portion is also provided at the end of one of the segments, and a flaring portion is provided at the end of the other segment, and the closing portion and the flaring portion are plug-fitted together.

[0030] By adopting the above technical solution, the snap-fitting cooperation between the buckle and the slot ensures the rapid and accurate docking of two adjacent segments, reduces assembly time, and improves work efficiency. The plug-in cooperation between the closing part and the flaring part further enhances the stability between the segments.

[0031] Preferably, a fixing piece is provided inside the segment, and the fixing piece is detachably connected to the segment and is used to fix the medicine package inside the segment.

[0032] The compactness of the medicine bag is ensured to facilitate subsequent filling of medicine; and the position of the medicine bag can be kept fixed to avoid position changes after turning from horizontal to vertical.

[0033] By adopting the above technical solution, the compactness and fixed position of the explosive package inside the segment can be ensured. This not only helps the smooth progress of the subsequent filling operation, but also prevents the problem of poor blasting effect caused by loose explosive packages, further improving the safety and reliability of blasting operations.

[0034] Preferably, when the medicine package is pre-installed, the segment is placed horizontally, and the medicine package is installed from one end of the segment to the inside of the segment; the hole cleaning step and the medicine package pre-installation step are performed simultaneously.

[0035] By adopting the above technical solution, the compactness and fixed position of the explosive package inside the segment can be ensured. This not only helps the smooth progress of the subsequent filling operation, but also prevents the problem of poor blasting effect caused by loose explosive packages, further improving the safety and reliability of blasting operations.

[0036] In summary, the present invention includes at least one of the following beneficial technical effects:

[0037] 1. The use of the hole cleaning device not only effectively solves the impact of debris such as gravel in the blasthole, improves the accuracy and reliability of the installation of the charge, but also thoroughly cleans the protrusions inside the blasthole and the side wall through the first crushing teeth and the second crushing teeth in the groove, ensuring the smoothness of the inside of the blasthole and providing good basic conditions for subsequent filling operations;

[0038] 2. The design of the pre-installed tube makes the pre-installation of explosive packages more convenient and efficient, reduces the on-site operation time, and improves the overall work efficiency. In particular, the pre-installed tube is divided into multiple detachable sections, and each section is installed with explosive packages separately and then spliced ​​together, which not only facilitates the installation of explosive packages, but also ensures the certainty of the position of the explosive packages, which helps to improve the blasting effect;

[0039] 3. The preloading of the explosive package and the hole cleaning steps are carried out simultaneously, which further optimizes the operation process and reduces the manpower and material costs. In particular, after the hole cleaning is completed, the hole cleaning sleeve is left in the blasthole, and the preloading tube is accurately inserted into the hole cleaning sleeve using the bracket and the guide sleeve. This design greatly simplifies the operation of loading into the hole and improves the safety and reliability of the construction. At the same time, the installation speed of the preloading tube is controlled by the hoisting mechanism, which can better adapt to blastholes of different depths and diameters and ensure the smooth progress of the loading process. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0040] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the hole cleaning device in the embodiment of the present application;

[0041] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 The partially enlarged schematic diagram of part A in the middle is used to show the structure of the first crushing tooth and the second crushing tooth;

[0042] Figure 3 yes Figure 1 The partially enlarged schematic diagram of part B in the middle is used to show the connection relationship between the output mechanism and the hole cleaning sleeve;

[0043] Figure 4 is a cross-sectional view of the hole cleaning sleeve in the embodiment of the present application, used to show the structure of the second crushing tooth;

[0044] Figure 5 is a cross-sectional view of a pre-installed tube in an embodiment of the present application;

[0045] Figure 6 yes Figure 5 The partially enlarged schematic diagram of part C is used to show the connection relationship between two adjacent segments.

[0046] Markings in the accompanying drawings: 1. hole cleaning device; 11. hole cleaning sleeve; 111. embedded groove; 112. connecting groove; 12. first crushing tooth; 13. second crushing tooth; 14. driving mechanism; 141. output shaft; 142. connecting block; 2. pre-installed pipe; 21. segment; 211. buckle; 212. slot; 213. closing part; 214. expanding part; 215. fixing piece; 22. head; 221. cover; 222. adjusting bolt; 223. top plate. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0047] The following is combined with Figure 1-6 The present invention is described in further detail.

[0048] The present application provides a deep hole step blasting mining method for an open-pit rock mine, comprising the steps of drilling, hole cleaning, pre-loading of explosive packs, loading into the hole, blast hole filling, detonation and the like.

[0049] Among them, refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2 The hole cleaning step is implemented by using a hole cleaning device 1, which includes a hole cleaning sleeve 11, which is used to be inserted into the blasthole. A first crushing tooth 12 is provided at the end of the hole cleaning sleeve 11, and a driving mechanism 14 is used to connect the hole cleaning sleeve 11 to the driving mechanism 14 so as to drive the hole cleaning sleeve 11 to enter the blasthole and rotate, and the gravel remaining in the blasthole is crushed by the first crushing tooth 12. In the pre-loading step of the explosive package, a pre-loading tube 2 is used to determine the position of the explosive package in the blasthole according to the blasting method, thereby determining the position of the explosive package, and installing the explosive package into the pre-loading tube 2 on the ground, and fixing the explosive package. In the filling-in-hole step, the pre-loading tube 2 containing the explosive package is placed into the blasthole. In the blasthole filling step, the blasthole is filled with rock or slag to ensure the blasting effect.

[0050] Through the above construction steps, the problems of difficulty in removing gravel in the blasthole and complicated charging process in the existing deep hole step blasting can be effectively solved, and the blasting efficiency and safety can be improved.

[0051] Specifically, in the hole cleaning step, the hole cleaning sleeve 11 used can be made of metal material, such as high-strength alloy steel, to increase its durability and impact resistance. The first crushing tooth 12 can be made of cemented carbide, which has high wear resistance and hardness and can effectively crush rock fragments under high-speed rotation. In addition, a spiral guide groove can be provided on the outer surface of the hole cleaning sleeve 11 to help discharge the crushed debris and reduce the risk of blockage.

[0052] Reference Figure 3 and Figure 4 , a second crushing tooth 13 is also provided on the outer wall of the hole cleaning sleeve 11. An embedding groove 111 is provided on the outer wall of the hole cleaning sleeve 11, and the second crushing tooth 13 is arranged in the embedding groove 111. One end of the second crushing tooth 13 is a connecting end, which is hinged to the hole cleaning sleeve 11, and the other end is a working end and is swingably arranged. When the blast hole is cleaned, the driving mechanism 14 controls the hole cleaning sleeve 11 to rotate forward, and the working end of the second crushing tooth 13 swings to the outside of the embedding groove 111 under the action of centrifugation, contacts the raised part of the side wall of the blast hole and crushes and cleans it. When the hole cleaning sleeve 11 is pulled out of the blast hole, the driving mechanism 14 controls the hole cleaning sleeve 11 to reverse, and the second crushing tooth 13 can swing and retract into the embedding groove 111 to avoid the jamming caused by the friction between the second crushing tooth 13 and the blast hole. The provision of the second crushing teeth 13 can improve the hole cleaning effect, especially can effectively remove the fine protrusions on the side wall of the blast hole, effectively improve the flatness of the inner wall of the blast hole, and help to improve the smoothness of the subsequent filling into the hole step.

[0053] During the hole cleaning process, the driving mechanism 14 needs to accurately control the rotation direction and speed of the hole cleaning sleeve 11, and has controlled the feed amount of the hole cleaning sleeve 11. A structural form of a combination of a hoist and an electric motor and a hydraulic motor can be adopted, which has a higher torque and speed regulation range and can flexibly cope with various working conditions.

[0054] Reference Figure 3 The driving mechanism 14 has an output shaft 141, which can be inserted into the hole cleaning sleeve 11. A connecting block 142 is provided on the output shaft, and a connecting groove 112 is provided at the end of the hole cleaning sleeve 11. Through the cooperation of the connecting groove 112 and the connecting block 142, the torque can be transmitted, and the output shaft 141 and the hole cleaning sleeve 11 can be detachably connected.

[0055] As one of the preferred implementations of the embodiment of the present application, after the hole cleaning is completed, the hole cleaning sleeve 11 can be pulled out from the blast hole, and then the hole filling step can be performed.

[0056] As the second preferred implementation of the embodiment of the present application, after the hole cleaning is completed, the hole cleaning sleeve 11 is left in the blasthole, and when filling the hole, the pre-installed tube 2 is inserted into the hole cleaning sleeve 11 and then inserted into the blasthole; after the filling is completed, the hole cleaning sleeve 11 is pulled out. First, the hole cleaning sleeve 11 can be used as a temporary support structure to prevent the blasthole from deforming or collapsing during the filling process; secondly, it can also serve as a guide channel for the pre-installed tube 2, reducing the resistance encountered by the pre-installed tube 2 during the filling process, ensuring the linear movement of the pre-installed tube 2 during the filling process, reducing the possibility of deviation and jamming, allowing it to reach the designated position more smoothly, and reducing the risk of uneven force on the pre-installed tube 2 during the filling process.

[0057] Reference Figure 5 and Figure 6 In the preloading step of the charge, the preloading tube 2 is made of a material that is easy to crack, such as low-strength plastic, to ensure the normal progress of the blasting. When installing the charge, first place the preloading tube 2 horizontally, insert the charge from one end of the preloading tube 2, and push the charge to the designated position.

[0058] The pre-installed tube 2 is composed of a plurality of segments 21, and two adjacent segments 21 are detachably connected. When installing the explosive package into the pre-installed tube 2, the plurality of segments 21 can be disassembled, and each segment 21 can be installed with the explosive package separately. After the installation of the explosive package is completed, the plurality of segments 21 are spliced ​​together into a whole. Therefore, by splitting the longer pre-installed tube 2 into shorter segments 21, the smooth installation of the explosive package can be facilitated, and possible damage of the explosive package during long-distance movement can be avoided, saving time and manpower.

[0059] The structural form of the detachable connection between two adjacent segments 21 can be a threaded connection, a buckle 211 connection or a conical interface. In the present application, the buckle 211 connection is preferred. Specifically, for two adjacent segments 21, one segment 21 is provided with a buckle 211, and the other segment 21 is provided with a slot 212. The buckle 211 and the slot 212 are engaged with each other to achieve a detachable connection between the two adjacent segments 21.

[0060] In addition, in order to further enhance the stability between the segments 21 , a closing portion 213 is provided at the end of one segment 21 , and a flaring portion 214 is provided at the end of the other segment 21 , and the closing portion 213 and the flaring portion 214 are plug-fitted.

[0061] The end of the pre-installed tube 2 is also provided with a head 22, which includes a cover 221 screwed to the end of the pre-installed tube 2, an adjusting bolt 222 provided on the cover 221, and a top plate 223 provided inside the cover 221. The adjusting bolt 222 is screwed to the cover 221, and the top plate 223 is fixedly connected to the adjusting bolt 222. After the plurality of segments 21 are spliced, the medicine package is abutted by the top plate 223. After the plurality of segments 21 are spliced, the top plate 223 can be pushed forward by rotating the adjusting bolt 222, so as to abut the medicine package, thereby ensuring the compactness and stability of the medicine package in the pre-installed tube 2.

[0062] In order to ensure the safety and stability of the drug package during the subsequent filling process, a fixing member 215, such as a spring clamp ring, can be provided inside each segment 21. The fixing member 215 can effectively prevent the drug package from moving inside the segment 21, ensure that the position of the drug package remains unchanged during the entire filling process, and significantly improve the reliability and safety of the system.

[0063] In order to save construction time and improve construction efficiency, the two steps of pre-loading the medicine package and cleaning the hole can be carried out simultaneously.

[0064] In the step of loading into the hole, a bracket can be used to assist the loading process. Specifically, the bracket includes a support frame and a support plate arranged on the support frame. The support frame can adopt a frame structure, which is welded from steel and has high strength and stability. The height of the support frame can be adjusted according to the actual needs of the site to adapt to blastholes of different depths. Rollers or slide rails can be set at the bottom of the support frame to facilitate rapid movement and adjustment of the position on site.

[0065] The support plate can be designed to be adjustable, and its tilt angle can be adjusted manually or electrically to adapt to pre-installed tubes 2 of different diameters and lengths. A limit device can also be set on the support plate to prevent the pre-installed tube 2 from shaking or deviating from the target during the loading process. The support plate is used to place the pre-installed tube 2 to ensure the stability of the pre-installed tube 2. The support plate is rotatably connected to the support frame and can be rotated from a horizontal state to a vertical state, so that the pre-installed tube 2 can be accurately aligned with the blast hole or the cleaning sleeve 11, so that the pre-installed tube 2 can be smoothly loaded into the blast hole.

[0066] In addition, the medicine package pre-loading step can be performed on the bracket, so that when filling the hole, there is no need to transfer the pre-loaded tube 2, thereby reducing the risk.

[0067] Furthermore, a guide sleeve is also provided on the support plate, which can be sleeved with the hole cleaning sleeve 11, or directly plugged into the blast hole, so that the pre-installed tube 2 is easier to align with the blast hole or the hole cleaning sleeve 11, and is smoothly placed in the blast hole.

[0068] The bracket is also equipped with a lifting mechanism, which includes an unwinding tool, a sling and a connector. By controlling the speed of the unwinding tool, the descending speed of the pre-installed tube 2 can be accurately controlled to avoid collision or jamming due to high speed. Specifically, the unwinding tool can use a combination of an unwinding motor and an unwinding shaft to wind the sling around the unwinding shaft, and the unwinding motor drives the unwinding shaft to rotate, thereby achieving

[0069] In addition, in order to facilitate the connection between the lifting mechanism and the pre-installed pipe 2, the connecting head can adopt a pneumatic clamp and clamp and fix the adjusting bolt 222 on the head 22, which is convenient for the connection and fixation of the lifting mechanism and the pre-installed pipe 2, and also convenient for the separation of the lifting mechanism and the pre-installed pipe 2.

[0070] Therefore, the setting of the bracket effectively simplifies the loading process of the pre-loaded tube 2 and improves the accuracy and stability of the loading. The design of the bracket allows the staff to more conveniently align the pre-loaded tube 2 with the blast hole without relying on manual operation. The guide sleeve further ensures the linear movement of the pre-loaded tube 2 during the loading process, reducing the risk of deviation and jamming. The application of the hoisting mechanism further improves the speed and consistency of loading, which is suitable for large-scale and continuous blasting operation environments.

[0071] The deep hole step blasting mining method for open-pit rock mines in the present application solves the problems of incomplete hole cleaning and difficulty in installing explosive packages in traditional deep hole step blasting by introducing a hole cleaning device 1 and a pre-installed tube 2. The hole cleaning device 1 efficiently removes debris in the blast hole through the first crushing teeth 12 and the second crushing teeth 13, ensuring the cleanliness of the blast hole and reducing the occurrence of jamming. The segmented 21-type pre-installed tube 2 design greatly simplifies the pre-installation process of the explosive package and improves work efficiency. In addition, with the assistance of the bracket and the hoisting mechanism, the stability and accuracy of the pre-installed tube 2 during the filling process are ensured, further improving the reliability and safety of the entire blasting construction.

[0072] The embodiments of this specific implementation method are all preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, any equivalent changes made based on the structure, shape, and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A deep hole step blasting mining method for open-pit rock mines, characterized in that: Including drilling, hole cleaning, pre-loading of explosive packs, loading into holes, blasthole plugging, and detonation; The hole cleaning adopts a hole cleaning device (1), the hole cleaning device (1) comprising a hole cleaning sleeve (11), the hole cleaning sleeve (11) being used to be inserted into the blast hole; a first crushing tooth (12) is provided at the end of the hole cleaning sleeve (11); a driving mechanism (14) is adopted to connect the hole cleaning sleeve (11) with the driving mechanism (14), thereby driving the hole cleaning sleeve (11) to enter the blast hole and rotate, and crushing the gravel remaining in the blast hole by the first crushing tooth (12); The explosive package is pre-loaded using a pre-loaded tube (2), the position of the explosive package in the pre-loaded tube (2) is determined according to the blasting method, and the explosive package is installed in the pre-loaded tube (2) on the ground; The pre-loaded tube (2) containing the explosive charge is placed into the blast hole and the blast hole is filled, thereby completing the filling into the hole; After the hole cleaning is completed, the hole cleaning sleeve (11) is left in the blast hole, and when filling the hole, the pre-installed tube (2) is inserted into the hole cleaning sleeve (11) and then inserted into the blast hole; after the filling is completed, the hole cleaning sleeve (11) is pulled out; The hole cleaning sleeve (11) is also provided with a second crushing tooth (13); an outer wall of the hole cleaning sleeve (11) is provided with an embedding groove (111), and the second crushing tooth (13) is arranged in the embedding groove (111); one end of the second crushing tooth (13) is hinged to the hole cleaning sleeve (11), and the other end is swingably arranged and can be swung to the outside of the embedding groove (111); When the blast hole is being cleaned, the driving mechanism (14) controls the hole cleaning sleeve (11) to rotate forward, and the second crushing tooth (13) swings to the outside of the embedded groove (111), thereby crushing and cleaning the protrusions on the side wall of the blast hole; when the hole cleaning sleeve (11) is pulled out of the blast hole, the driving mechanism (14) controls the hole cleaning sleeve (11) to rotate reversely, and the second crushing tooth (13) can swing and be retracted into the embedded groove (111).

2. The open-pit rock mine deep hole step blasting mining method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: When filling the hole, a bracket is used; the bracket comprises a support frame and a support plate arranged on the support frame; the support plate is used to place the pre-installed tube (2); the support plate is rotatably connected to the support frame and can be rotated from a horizontal state to a vertical state; The pre-installed tube (2) is aligned with the hole cleaning sleeve (11) through the bracket, so that the pre-installed tube (2) can be smoothly loaded into the blast hole.

3. The open-pit rock mine deep hole step blasting mining method according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The bracket is also provided with a lifting mechanism, the lifting mechanism comprising an unwinding machine, a sling and a connecting head; the sling is connected to the unwinding machine, the unwinding machine is used to unwind the sling, the connecting head is connected to the sling, and the connecting head is detachably connected to the pre-installed pipe (2); by controlling the unwinding speed of the lifting mechanism, the installation speed of the pre-installed pipe (2) is controlled.

4. The open-pit rock mine deep hole step blasting mining method according to claim 2, characterized in that: The bracket also includes a guide sleeve arranged on the support plate, and the guide sleeve can be sleeved with the hole cleaning sleeve (11); when filling into the hole, the pre-installed pipe (2) passes through the guide sleeve.

5. The open-pit rock mine deep hole step blasting mining method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pre-installed tube (2) comprises a plurality of segments (21), and two adjacent segments (21) are detachably connected. When the medicine package is pre-installed, the plurality of segments (21) are disassembled, and each segment (21) is individually installed with the medicine package, and finally the plurality of segments (21) are spliced ​​together. The end of the pre-installed tube (2) is further provided with a sealing head (22), the sealing head (22) comprising a sealing cover (221) threadedly connected to the end of the pre-installed tube (2), an adjusting bolt (222) provided on the sealing cover (221), and a top plate (223) provided inside the sealing cover (221), the adjusting bolt (222) being threadedly connected to the sealing cover (221), and the top plate (223) being fixedly connected to the adjusting bolt (222); after the plurality of segments (21) are spliced ​​together, the medicine bag is abutted by the top plate (223).

6. The open-pit rock mine deep hole step blasting mining method according to claim 5, characterized in that: For two adjacent segments (21), one of the segments (21) is provided with a buckle (211), and the other segment (21) is provided with a slot (212), and the buckle (211) and the slot (212) are snap-fitted to achieve a detachable connection between the two adjacent segments (21); one of the segments (21) is further provided with a closing portion (213) at the end, and the other segment (21) is provided with a flaring portion (214), and the closing portion (213) and the flaring portion (214) are plug-fitted.

7. The open-pit rock mine deep hole step blasting mining method according to claim 5, characterized in that: A fixing member (215) is provided inside the segment (21), and the fixing member (215) is detachably connected to the segment (21) and is used to fix the medicine package inside the segment (21).

8. The open-pit rock mine deep hole step blasting mining method according to claim 5, characterized in that: When the medicine package is pre-installed, the segment (21) is placed horizontally, and the medicine package is installed from one end of the segment (21) to the inside of the segment (21); the hole cleaning step and the medicine package pre-installation step are performed simultaneously.

Images