Fault positioning method and device, electronic equipment, storage medium and program product

Abstract

The application discloses a fault positioning method and device, electronic equipment, storage medium and program product; the method comprises the following steps: when it is detected that a traveling wave analysis starting condition is met, a fault traveling wave signal set to be analyzed of two measuring points of a line is acquired, the fault traveling wave signal set comprises fault traveling wave signals collected in different sampling periods, and the traveling wave analysis starting condition is determined according to a gain function of a power frequency signal; for each fault traveling wave signal set, a random resonance system potential function is constructed according to the fault traveling wave signal set, system resonance is performed on the fault traveling wave signal according to the random resonance system potential function, and a traveling wave signal to be extracted is obtained; a wave head is extracted from the traveling wave signal to be extracted, and a traveling wave arrival time corresponding to the measuring point is recorded; and fault positioning is performed according to the traveling wave arrival time corresponding to each measuring point and the total length of the line, and a fault position is determined, so that the problems of inaccurate fault traveling wave signal collection and inaccurate wave head extraction are solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of power grid fault detection technology, and in particular to fault location methods, devices, electronic equipment, storage media, and program products. Background Technology

[0002] With the increasing complexity of power grids and the growing transmission capacity of power lines, the impact and losses caused by line fault outages are becoming increasingly significant, leading to ever-increasing demands for accurate fault location. Traditional fault location devices, based on the impedance method, struggle to overcome the influence of factors such as transition resistance, system operating conditions, line distributed capacitance, transmission errors, and current transformer saturation, resulting in generally low location accuracy. In contrast, devices based on the traveling wave principle are unaffected by these factors, thus attracting widespread attention from scholars both domestically and internationally.

[0003] Traveling wave ranging technology utilizes the propagation characteristics of traveling waves in transmission lines to determine the location of faults by analyzing changes in voltage waveforms. Most traveling wave ranging devices use the magnitude of abrupt changes as the recording initiation condition. However, the fault traveling wave waveform is not only related to the fault type, fault location, and fault initiation angle, but is also affected by line noise, refraction between adjacent lines, and electromagnetic coupling of multiple conductors. It is difficult to accurately define the fault initiation threshold; therefore, using the fault initiation threshold to determine whether recording has started has low accuracy and cannot accurately acquire fault traveling wave signals. After the traveling wave is initiated, the wavefront energy changes significantly due to the influence of transition resistance, fault distance, and signal frequency. In particular, excessively high signal frequencies can cause the traveling wavefront amplitude to be too low, or the traveling wave to be inaccurately detected, leading to ranging failures. This problem has remained unresolved. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This invention provides a fault location method, device, electronic device, storage medium, and program product to solve the problems of inaccurate fault traveling wave signal acquisition and inaccurate wavehead extraction.

[0005] According to one aspect of the present invention, a fault location method is provided, comprising:

[0006] When the traveling wave analysis start condition is detected, the fault traveling wave signal set to be analyzed at two measurement points of the line is obtained. The fault traveling wave signal set includes fault traveling wave signals collected at different sampling periods. The traveling wave analysis start condition is determined according to the gain function of the power frequency signal.

[0007] For each set of fault traveling wave signals, a stochastic resonance system potential function is constructed based on the set of fault traveling wave signals. The fault traveling wave signals are then subjected to system resonance based on the stochastic resonance system potential function to obtain the traveling wave signal to be extracted. Wavefront extraction is performed on the traveling wave signal to be extracted, and the arrival time of the traveling wave corresponding to the measurement point is recorded.

[0008] The fault location is determined by locating the fault based on the arrival time of the traveling wave corresponding to each measuring point and the total length of the line.

[0009] According to another aspect of the present invention, a fault location device is provided, comprising:

[0010] The fault traveling wave acquisition module is used to acquire the set of fault traveling wave signals to be analyzed at two measurement points of the line when the traveling wave analysis start condition is detected. The set of fault traveling wave signals includes fault traveling wave signals collected at different sampling periods. The traveling wave analysis start condition is determined according to the gain function of the power frequency signal.

[0011] The wavefront extraction module is used to construct a stochastic resonance system potential function based on the fault traveling wave signal set for each fault traveling wave signal set, perform system resonance on the fault traveling wave signal based on the stochastic resonance system potential function to obtain the traveling wave signal to be extracted; perform wavefront extraction on the traveling wave signal to be extracted, and record the arrival time of the traveling wave corresponding to the measurement point.

[0012] The fault location module is used to locate the fault based on the arrival time of the traveling wave corresponding to each measuring point and the total length of the line, and to determine the fault location.

[0013] According to another aspect of the present invention, an electronic device is provided, the electronic device comprising:

[0014] At least one processor, and a memory communicatively connected to said at least one processor;

[0015] The memory stores a computer program that can be executed by the at least one processor, and the computer program is executed by the at least one processor to enable the at least one processor to perform the fault location method according to any embodiment of the present invention.

[0016] According to another aspect of the present invention, a computer-readable storage medium is provided, the computer-readable storage medium storing computer instructions for causing a processor to execute and implement the fault location method according to any embodiment of the present invention.

[0017] According to another aspect of the present invention, a computer program product is provided, the computer program product comprising a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the fault location method described in any embodiment of the present invention.

[0018] The technical solution of this invention involves acquiring a set of fault traveling wave signals to be analyzed from two measuring points of the line when the traveling wave analysis start condition is met. This set includes fault traveling wave signals collected at different sampling periods. The traveling wave analysis start condition is determined based on the gain function of the power frequency signal. For each set of fault traveling wave signals, a stochastic resonance system potential function is constructed based on the set. System resonance is then applied to the fault traveling wave signals using this stochastic resonance system potential function to obtain the traveling wave signal to be extracted. Wavefront extraction is performed on the traveling wave signal to be extracted, and the arrival time of the traveling wave corresponding to each measuring point is recorded. Based on the data from each measuring point... Fault location is determined by using the arrival time of the traveling wave and the total length of the line, thus solving the problems of inaccurate traveling wave signal acquisition and wavefront extraction. The gain function of the power frequency signal is used to determine the starting condition for traveling wave analysis, ensuring accurate timing and avoiding untimely or inaccurate fault analysis caused by delayed waveform recording, thereby improving the accuracy of wavefront detection. By constructing a random resonant system potential function to induce system resonance in the fault traveling wave signal, the system obtains the traveling wave signal to be extracted, and wavefront extraction is performed on this signal, improving the accuracy of wavefront identification. Finally, fault location is accurately determined based on the wavefront arrival time.

[0019] It should be understood that the description in this section is not intended to identify key or essential features of the embodiments of the present invention, nor is it intended to limit the scope of the invention. Other features of the invention will become readily apparent from the following description. Attached Figure Description

[0020] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0021] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of a fault location method provided in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 2 This is a flowchart of a fault location method provided in Embodiment 2 of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram illustrating an example of system resonance implementation according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 4 This is an example diagram of the arrival time of a traveling wave according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 5This is an example diagram illustrating a fault location implementation according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of a fault location device according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an electronic device that implements the fault location method of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0028] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the present invention, the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort should fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0029] It should be noted that the terms "first," "second," etc., in the specification, claims, and accompanying drawings of this invention are used to distinguish similar objects and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that such data can be interchanged where appropriate so that the embodiments of the invention described herein can be implemented in orders other than those illustrated or described herein. Furthermore, the terms "comprising" and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion; for example, a process, method, system, product, or apparatus that comprises a series of steps or units is not necessarily limited to those steps or units explicitly listed, but may include other steps or units not explicitly listed or inherent to such processes, methods, products, or apparatus.

[0030] Example 1

[0031] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of a fault location method provided in Embodiment 1 of the present invention. This embodiment is applicable to the accurate location of faults in a power distribution network. The method can be executed by a fault location device, which can be implemented in hardware and / or software and can be configured in an electronic device. Figure 1 As shown, the method includes:

[0032] S101. When the traveling wave analysis start condition is met, the fault traveling wave signal set to be analyzed at two measurement points of the line is obtained. The fault traveling wave signal set includes fault traveling wave signals collected at different sampling periods. The traveling wave analysis start condition is determined according to the gain function of the power frequency signal.

[0033] In this embodiment, the traveling wave analysis activation condition can be understood as the condition used to determine whether to activate waveform recording for fault analysis of the traveling wave. The fault traveling wave signal set can be understood as a dataset storing fault traveling wave signals. This set includes fault traveling wave signals collected at different sampling periods; that is, the fault traveling wave signals are periodic signals. In this embodiment, multiple fault traveling wave signals with different periods need to be collected for fault analysis during fault location. Power frequency signals refer to voltage or current signals transmitted in the distribution network.

[0034] The system detects power frequency signals in the distribution network in real time or according to certain requirements or rules, pre-sets traveling wave analysis (TWA) activation conditions, analyzes the power frequency signals, and determines whether the TWA activation conditions are met. In this embodiment, the TWA activation conditions are determined based on the gain function of the power frequency signal. An expression for the gain function can be predefined, the power frequency signal is acquired and substituted into the expression, the gain function of the power frequency signal is calculated based on the expression, and the satisfaction of the TWA activation conditions is determined based on the gain function. For example, the gain function can be calculated based on the waveform energy integral of the power frequency signal; that is, the TWA activation conditions are determined based on the waveform energy integral of the power frequency signal.

[0035] Traveling wave ranging devices are installed at measuring points on both sides of the distribution network to collect fault traveling wave signals. These measuring points are located at both ends of a line, enabling the location of faults at any point along the line. When a fault occurs in the distribution network, a fault traveling wave signal is generated simultaneously. In this embodiment, the fault traveling wave signal is detected while the power frequency signal is being collected. When the traveling wave analysis start condition is met, waveform recording is initiated to acquire the fault traveling wave signals to be analyzed collected at the two measuring points on the line. Fault traveling wave signals within a certain time period are acquired and used as a fault traveling wave signal set for subsequent fault analysis and location. For example, after the traveling wave analysis start condition is met, this time is recorded as t1. Since fault propagation takes time, to ensure accurate acquisition of the fault traveling wave signal and avoid missing data, fault traveling wave signals within a time period before and after t1 are acquired to form a fault traveling wave signal set. For example, the fault traveling wave signal within the time period from t1-T to t1+T is acquired, where T is the period of the power frequency signal. If the conditions for starting traveling wave analysis are not met, it is not necessary to start waveform recording or analyze the fault traveling wave signal.

[0036] S102. For each set of fault traveling wave signals, construct a stochastic resonance system potential function based on the set of fault traveling wave signals, and perform system resonance on the fault traveling wave signals based on the stochastic resonance system potential function to obtain the traveling wave signal to be extracted; extract the wavefront of the traveling wave signal to be extracted, and record the arrival time of the traveling wave corresponding to the measurement point.

[0037] In this embodiment, the potential function of the stochastic resonance system can be understood as a system for processing signals. This system is a stochastic resonance system, which is a nonlinear system. The potential function of the stochastic resonance system in this embodiment is the potential function of this nonlinear system. The traveling wave signal to be extracted can be understood as the fault traveling wave signal whose wavefront needs to be extracted. The arrival time of the traveling wave can be the wavefront time when the traveling wave signal first arrives at the measuring point, the time after reflection, the time after refraction, etc.

[0038] Since each measuring point collects a set of fault traveling wave signals, each set of fault traveling wave signals is processed to obtain the arrival time of the traveling wave corresponding to that measuring point. For each set of fault traveling wave signals, the fault traveling wave signals in the set are analyzed. The relationship between fault traveling wave signals with different sampling periods is constructed based on the parameters of the stochastic resonance system potential function. The parameters of the stochastic resonance system potential function are obtained by solving the problem based on the fault traveling wave signals with different sampling periods and the relationship between the signals. The stochastic resonance system potential function is then constructed based on the parameters of the stochastic resonance system potential function. The stochastic resonance system potential function is then used to perform system resonance on each fault traveling wave signal. That is, the fault traveling wave signal is used as the input of the stochastic resonance system and processed by the stochastic resonance system to obtain the traveling wave signal to be extracted. The process of the stochastic resonance system processing the fault traveling wave signal is as follows: the stochastic resonance system potential function is used to perform system resonance on the fault traveling wave signal to filter out noise signals in the fault traveling wave signal and amplify the effective signal for subsequent wavefront extraction. The traveling wave signal to be extracted is obtained after system resonance. The traveling wave signal to be extracted is analyzed, including the amplitude of the waveform, the magnitude and changes of the amplitude, and the wavefront extraction based on the analysis results. The arrival time of the traveling wave at the measurement point is then determined and recorded.

[0039] Voltage signals propagate relatively stably in transmission lines and are less susceptible to external interference. However, voltage traveling waves suffer significant attenuation after passing through electromagnetic transformers. Therefore, current traveling wave distance measurement and protection devices also use current traveling waves for calculation. Currently, methods for determining wavefronts mainly include wavelet transform, S-transform, and Hilbert transform. Wavelet transform is easily affected by the decomposition scale and type, while the resolution of S-transform is easily affected by frequency; thus, both methods have limitations in practical applications. Furthermore, the presence of multiple impedance discontinuities in the line causes the traveling wave to undergo multiple reflections during propagation, significantly complicating wavefront identification.

[0040] This application embodiment accurately acquires fault traveling wave signals by optimizing the timing of waveform recording start, and obtains the traveling wave signal to be extracted by constructing a random resonance system potential function to resonate the fault traveling wave signal. Since the traveling wave signal to be extracted has undergone noise filtering and effective signal amplification, the results are more accurate when extracting the wavefront.

[0041] It should be noted that the fault traveling wave signal, the traveling wave signal to be extracted, the power frequency signal, etc. in the embodiments of this application refer to continuous signals over a period of time, and their durations may vary. When processing each signal in the embodiments of this application, a segment of signal may be processed, and a segment of signal may form a certain waveform.

[0042] S103. Based on the arrival time of the traveling wave corresponding to each measuring point and the total length of the line, fault location is determined.

[0043] In this embodiment, the fault location describes the location of the fault point that caused the fault, which can be the distance between the fault point and the measuring point. The total line length can be understood as the total length of the distribution network lines, which can be the distance between two measuring points.

[0044] The analysis is performed based on the traveling wave arrival time corresponding to the measuring point and the total line length. The distance between the fault point and the measuring point is calculated according to the kinematic formula, thereby determining the fault location and achieving fault localization. In this embodiment, the kinematic calculation formula can be predetermined, and the traveling wave arrival time and the total line length can be substituted into the formula for calculation to obtain the distance between the fault point and the measuring point.

[0045] The fault location method provided in this invention solves the problems of inaccurate fault traveling wave signal acquisition and inaccurate wavehead extraction. It determines the traveling wave analysis start condition through the gain function of the power frequency signal, ensuring accurate timing of the analysis and avoiding untimely or inaccurate fault analysis caused by delayed wave recording, thus improving the accuracy of wavehead start detection. Furthermore, it constructs a random resonance system potential function to resonate the fault traveling wave signal, obtaining the traveling wave signal to be extracted. Wavehead extraction is then performed on this signal, improving the accuracy of wavehead identification. Finally, it accurately locates the fault based on the wavehead arrival time, enhancing fault location accuracy and achieving precise location.

[0046] Example 2

[0047] Figure 2 This is a flowchart of a fault location method provided in Embodiment 2 of the present invention. This embodiment is a refinement based on the above embodiments. Figure 2 As shown, the method includes:

[0048] S201, Obtain the first power frequency signal and the second power frequency signal.

[0049] In this embodiment, both the first power frequency signal and the second power frequency signal can be understood as a single power frequency signal. The first and second power frequency signals typically correspond to the same time length. For example, the first power frequency signal may be the power frequency signal within the time period t2 to t3, or the second power frequency signal may be the power frequency signal within the time period t4 to t5, where t3-t2 = t5-t4. Power frequency signals are generated during the operation of the power distribution network. This embodiment can collect power frequency signals either directly or under certain conditions to obtain the first and second power frequency signals.

[0050] Optionally, the first power frequency signal and the second power frequency signal are acquired in two different acquisition cycles, with the initial acquisition point of the first power frequency signal and the initial acquisition point of the second power frequency signal differing by one acquisition cycle.

[0051] The first and second power frequency signals are acquired in two different acquisition cycles. For example, the first and second power frequency signals are acquired in two adjacent acquisition cycles. The initial acquisition point of the first power frequency signal differs from that of the second power frequency signal by one acquisition cycle. For example, the initial acquisition point of the first power frequency signal is t2, and the initial acquisition point of the second power frequency signal is t2+T, where T is the period of the power frequency signal. The first and second power frequency signals are acquired in two different acquisition cycles. If the two acquisition cycles are adjacent or not adjacent, the initial acquisition point of the first power frequency signal differs from that of the second power frequency signal by an integer multiple of the acquisition cycle.

[0052] S202. Integrate the waveform energy of the first power frequency signal to obtain the first signal energy, and integrate the waveform energy of the second power frequency signal to obtain the second signal energy.

[0053] In this embodiment, the first signal energy and the second signal energy can be understood as the energy of the power frequency signal. The first signal energy is obtained by integrating the energy based on the waveform of the first power frequency signal; the second signal energy is obtained by integrating the energy based on the waveform of the second power frequency signal.

[0054] S203. Calculate the gain function based on the energy of the first signal and the energy of the second signal.

[0055] The calculation method for the gain function can be predefined. For example, the ratio of the first signal energy to the second signal energy can be used as the gain function, or the product of the first signal energy to the second signal energy can be used as the gain function, and so on. The calculation formula for the gain function can be predetermined, and the first and second signal energies can be substituted into the calculation formula to obtain the gain function.

[0056] As an optional embodiment, the gain function calculated based on the first signal energy and the second signal energy is further optimized as follows: the difference between the second signal energy and the first signal energy is calculated to obtain the energy difference; the sum of the second signal energy and the first signal energy is calculated to obtain the energy sum; and the ratio of the energy difference to the energy sum is used as the gain function.

[0057] When the second power frequency signal is acquired before the first power frequency signal, the energy of the second signal is subtracted from the energy of the first signal, and this difference is taken as the energy difference; when the first power frequency signal is acquired before the second power frequency signal, the energy of the first signal is subtracted from the energy of the second signal, and this difference is taken as the energy difference; the energy of the second signal and the energy of the first signal are added together to obtain the energy sum; the ratio of the energy difference to the energy sum is taken as the gain function.

[0058] S204. When the gain function is greater than or equal to a predetermined gain function threshold, the traveling wave analysis start condition is satisfied.

[0059] In this embodiment, the gain function threshold can be understood as a pre-set threshold, which can be set by analyzing historical data. The gain function and the gain function threshold are compared; if the gain function is greater than or equal to the gain function threshold, the conditions for starting the traveling wave analysis are met.

[0060] For example, this application provides a method for calculating the gain function. The signal energy is obtained by integrating the square of the waveform signal amplitude on the time axis. Simultaneously, the energy function of the current time period is compared with the energy function of the previous period, and the decision to initiate waveform recording is based on the gain function. High-frequency waveform recording sampling generates a large amount of data. By using the gain function of the power frequency signal, the decision to initiate the storage and analysis of traveling wave waveform recording is made, thereby reducing the analytical and computational burden on the ranging device and improving accuracy.

[0061] The waveform energy function is constructed as follows:

[0062]

[0063] Where, N t This represents the energy function of the power frequency signal waveform over a given period. The sum of energy over any given time period is constructed through integration, thereby improving comparison accuracy. Preferably, t2-t1≥T / 4, where A and A′ are the amplitudes of the power frequency signal, and ω and ω′ are the angular velocities. N t-T Let N be the signal energy of the previous cycle corresponding to time t; for example, the first signal energy is N. t The energy of the second signal is N. t-T Z t Z is the gain function. By comparing the energy of two time periods, we can determine whether the signal has changed abruptly. 阈值Set to 0.6-0.8, when the gain function Z t Greater than the gain function threshold Z 阈值 Start the high-frequency waveform recording and analysis program, store the fault traveling wave signal x(t), and use it for wavefront extraction and analysis.

[0064] S205. Obtain the set of fault traveling wave signals to be analyzed at two measurement points on the line. The set of fault traveling wave signals includes fault traveling wave signals collected at different sampling periods.

[0065] S206. For each set of fault traveling wave signals, determine the first structural parameter and the second structural parameter based on the set of fault traveling wave signals.

[0066] In this embodiment, the first structural parameter and the second structural parameter are two parameters of the potential function of the stochastic resonance system. An expression for the potential function of the stochastic resonance system is pre-constructed, which includes at least the two unknown parameters: the first structural parameter and the second structural parameter. By analyzing the fault traveling wave signals in the fault traveling wave signal set, a relationship expression between the first structural parameter and the second structural parameter is constructed. The fault traveling wave signals are then substituted into the relationship expression for calculation to obtain the first structural parameter and the second structural parameter.

[0067] S207. Construct the potential function of the stochastic resonance system based on the first and second structural parameters.

[0068] Substituting the first and second structural parameters into the expression for the potential function of the stochastic resonance system, the potential function of the stochastic resonance system is obtained, thus completing the construction of the potential function of the stochastic resonance system.

[0069] For example, the expression for the potential function U(y) of a stochastic resonance system is as follows:

[0070]

[0071] Where a is the first structural parameter, b is the second structural parameter, and y is the output signal of the potential function of the stochastic resonance system.

[0072] As an optional embodiment, this optional embodiment further optimizes the determination of the first structural parameter and the second structural parameter based on the fault traveling wave signal set as follows:

[0073] A1. Obtain the first fault traveling wave signal, the second fault traveling wave signal, the third fault traveling wave signal, and the fourth fault traveling wave signal from the fault traveling wave signal set. The first fault traveling wave signal, the second fault traveling wave signal, the third fault traveling wave signal, and the fourth fault traveling wave signal are fault traveling wave signals collected in different sampling periods that are adjacent in sequence.

[0074] In this embodiment, the first fault traveling wave signal, the second fault traveling wave signal, the third fault traveling wave signal, and the fourth fault traveling wave signal can be understood as fault traveling wave signals collected at different times; the first fault traveling wave signal, the second fault traveling wave signal, the third fault traveling wave signal, and the fourth fault traveling wave signal are fault traveling wave signals collected in different sampling periods that are sequentially adjacent.

[0075] By analyzing the acquisition time of the fault traveling wave signals in the fault traveling wave signal set, the first fault traveling wave signal, the second fault traveling wave signal, the third fault traveling wave signal, and the fourth fault traveling wave signal are determined.

[0076] A2. Construct a traveling wave signal relationship function based on the first fault traveling wave signal, the second fault traveling wave signal, the third fault traveling wave signal, and the fourth fault traveling wave signal, and solve the traveling wave signal relationship function to obtain the first structure parameter and the second structure parameter.

[0077] In this embodiment, the traveling wave signal relationship function can be understood as a functional expression representing the relationship between traveling wave signals at different times. A relationship between fault traveling wave signals at different times is pre-defined, and this relationship is represented by unknown parameters. The first, second, third, and fourth fault traveling wave signals are substituted into the relationship to construct the traveling wave signal relationship function. These four signals are known parameters. The unknown parameters in the traveling wave signal relationship function are solved based on the known parameters to obtain the first and second structural parameters.

[0078] The expression for the traveling wave signal relationship function is as follows:

[0079]

[0080] Where x(t) is the first fault traveling wave signal, x(t+Δt) is the second fault traveling wave signal, x(t+2Δt) is the third fault traveling wave signal, and x(t+3Δt) is the fourth fault traveling wave signal; a is the first structural parameter, b is the second structural parameter; s(t) is the effective fault traveling wave signal, z(t) is the noise signal, k1 is the slope at the beginning of the time period, k2 and k3 are the slopes at the midpoint of the time period, k4 is the slope at the end of the time period, and Δt is the sampling period of the fault traveling wave signal.

[0081] In the above expression, k1 is the slope at the beginning of the time interval; k2 is the slope at the midpoint of the time interval, and the slope k1 represents the value of the middle segment; k3 is also the slope at the midpoint, represented by k2; and k4 is the slope at the end of the time interval, represented by k3. The average of the four slopes is more representative. By iterating over the sampled x(t), a and b are obtained, thus constructing the U(y) function. t takes values ​​between (t1-T) and (t1+T), and Δt is much smaller than T.

[0082] Optionally, after determining the first structural parameter and the second structural parameter based on the set of fault traveling wave signals, the method further includes: determining whether the first structural parameter and the second structural parameter satisfy the stability condition; if not, obtaining new first fault traveling wave signals, second fault traveling wave signals, third fault traveling wave signals and fourth fault traveling wave signals from the set of fault traveling wave signals, and returning to execute the construction of a traveling wave signal relationship function based on the first fault traveling wave signal, second fault traveling wave signal, third fault traveling wave signal and fourth fault traveling wave signal, and solving the traveling wave signal relationship function to obtain the first structural parameter and the second structural parameter, until the first structural parameter and the second structural parameter satisfy the stability condition.

[0083] In this embodiment, the stability condition can be understood as a condition used to determine whether the structural parameters meet the requirements. For example, the stability condition is that the changes in the first and second structural parameters for a consecutive preset number of times are both within a set range, or the stability condition is that both the first and second structural parameters are within a set range, and so on. The stability condition is preset, and it is determined whether the first and second structural parameters meet the stability condition. If they do, the potential function of the stochastic resonance system is directly constructed based on the first and second structural parameters. If they do not meet the condition, new first, second, third, and fourth fault traveling wave signals are obtained from the fault traveling wave signal set, the traveling wave signal relationship function is reconstructed, and new first and second structural parameters are obtained. The determination of whether the new first and second structural parameters meet the stability condition continues. If they do not meet the condition, new fault traveling wave signals are obtained to determine new first and second structural parameters until the stability condition is met. For example, if the first and second structural parameters determined in the first instance do not meet the stability condition, the new first fault traveling wave signals to the fourth fault traveling wave signals are x(t+4Δt), x(t+5Δt), x(t+6Δt), and x(t+7Δt), respectively.

[0084] Optionally, the fault traveling wave signal set includes fault traveling wave signals acquired over at least four sampling periods. At least one set of first and second structural parameters are calculated from the fault traveling wave signals over the four sampling periods.

[0085] S208. Perform system resonance on the fault traveling wave signal according to the potential function of the random resonance system to obtain the traveling wave signal to be extracted; extract the wavefront of the traveling wave signal to be extracted and record the arrival time of the traveling wave corresponding to the measurement point.

[0086] As an optional embodiment, this optional embodiment further optimizes the process of performing system resonance on the fault traveling wave signal according to the random resonance system potential function to obtain the traveling wave signal to be extracted, which is: performing cooperative resonance on the fault traveling wave signal through the random resonance system potential function to amplify the effective signal in the fault traveling wave signal to obtain the traveling wave signal to be extracted.

[0087] The fault traveling wave signal is resonated by the potential function of the random resonance system. The effective signal in the fault traveling wave signal is amplified by the resonant resonance, and the noise signal is filtered out to obtain the traveling wave signal to be extracted.

[0088] For example, Figure 3 A schematic diagram illustrating the implementation of system resonance is provided. As shown in the figure, the fault traveling wave signal is used as the input signal x(t), which is a high-frequency sampled input signal containing the effective fault traveling wave signal s(t) and the noise signal z(t), i.e., x(t) = s(t) + z(t). The output signal of the random resonance system is y(t), which is the amplified effective signal obtained after system resonance, while the noise signal is removed. The random resonance system is a monostable random resonance system.

[0089] The output signal model consists of a nonlinear system, an effective signal, and a noise signal. A potential function, U(y), is constructed based on a fourth-order precision single-step algorithm, where U(y) is the potential function of the stochastic resonant system. Therefore, after constructing U(y), the reciprocal and amplitude of the amplified output signal, corresponding to the arrival time T of the traveling wavefront, can be obtained.

[0090] For example, this application provides a formula for calculating the traveling wave signal y(t) to be extracted:

[0091]

[0092] Here, a and b are the first and second structural parameters of the monostable stochastic resonance system, and the values ​​of a and b are both greater than zero. When a noisy fault voltage traveling wave signal is input into the monostable stochastic resonance model, the output signal reaches its maximum when the nonlinear system and s(t) achieve a resonant cooperative relationship, thus achieving the purpose of extracting and reducing noise from the fault traveling wave signal.

[0093] Substitute the potential function of the stochastic resonance system and the fault traveling wave signal into the system resonance formula for calculation to obtain the traveling wave signal to be extracted.

[0094] The system resonance formula is expressed as follows:

[0095]

[0096] Where y(t) is the traveling wave signal to be extracted at time t, U(y) is the potential function of the stochastic resonance system, x(t) is the fault traveling wave signal at time t, a is the first structural parameter, and b is the second structural parameter.

[0097] That is, after determining a and b, determine U(y), then differentiate U(y) to obtain -U′(y), and then apply the equation y(t) can be obtained.

[0098] Due to the complexity of power networks, fault signals are affected by other electrical or non-electrical quantities, causing fault traveling waves to be influenced by high-frequency noise. Especially when the transition resistance is large or the initial phase angle of the fault is small, the fault signal is weak and further affected by high-frequency noise, making it difficult to extract the fault traveling wave signal and detect the traveling wave front. This application's embodiment uses a random resonance method to extract and process the fault traveling wave signal. After resonance by the random resonance system, an amplified effective signal is obtained, while noise signals are removed.

[0099] Optionally, the arrival time of the traveling wave includes: wavefront time;

[0100] Optionally, wavefront extraction is performed on the traveling wave signal to be extracted, and the arrival time of the traveling wave corresponding to the measurement point is recorded, including:

[0101] The amplitude of the traveling wave signal to be extracted is analyzed, and the time corresponding to the highest amplitude point is determined as the wavefront time corresponding to the measurement point.

[0102] In this embodiment, the wavefront time can be understood as the arrival time of the fault traveling wave wavefront. The amplitude of the traveling wave signal to be extracted is analyzed to determine the amplitude at different times; the point of maximum amplitude is determined, and the time corresponding to this point is determined as the wavefront time corresponding to the measurement point.

[0103] Optionally, the traveling wave arrival time includes: wavefront time, reflection time, and refraction time;

[0104] Optionally, wavefront extraction is performed on the traveling wave signal to be extracted, and the arrival time of the traveling wave corresponding to the measurement point is recorded, including:

[0105] The amplitude of the traveling wave signal to be extracted is analyzed. The time corresponding to the highest amplitude point is determined as the wavefront time, the time corresponding to the second highest amplitude point is determined as the reflection time, and the time corresponding to the third highest amplitude point is determined as the refraction time.

[0106] In this embodiment, reflection time can be understood as the time it takes for a traveling wave to return to the measuring point after being reflected by the fault point during the transmission process; refraction time can be understood as the time it takes for a traveling wave to reach the measuring point on the other side after being refracted by the fault point during the transmission process.

[0107] The amplitude of the traveling wave signal to be extracted is analyzed to determine the amplitude at different times, and the highest, second highest, and third highest amplitude points are identified. The time corresponding to the highest amplitude point is determined as the wavefront time, the time corresponding to the second highest amplitude point is determined as the reflection time, and the time corresponding to the third highest amplitude point is determined as the refraction time.

[0108] For example, Figure 4 An example diagram of the time of arrival of a traveling wave is provided, where K is the fault location, and M and N are the measurement points, respectively. Where T... M1 T is the wavefront time corresponding to measurement point M. M2 T is the reflection time corresponding to measuring point M. NM1 T is the refraction time corresponding to measuring point M; N1 The wavefront time and T corresponding to measurement point N N2 T is the reflection time corresponding to measurement point N. MN1 T represents the refraction time corresponding to measurement point N. 1中间 T is the time it takes for the fault traveling wave signal to reach the fault location K after being reflected from point M. 2中间 The time it takes for the fault traveling wave signal to reach the fault location K after being reflected at point N.

[0109] Alternatively, the traveling wave front can be extracted and the arrival time sequence of the fault traveling wave recorded as follows: When a fault occurs at point K, traveling wave ranging devices are set up at points M and N respectively; for point M, the wave front time T is detected first. M1 And randomly inject a marker signal B into the line. M1 The signal, after being reflected at point k, returns to M, denoted as T. M2 And simultaneously inject B M2 Similarly, for point N, the wavefront is detected at time T. N1 And randomly inject a marker signal B into the line. N1 The signal is reflected at point k and then reaches N again, denoted as T. N2 And simultaneously inject B N2 The traveling wave undergoes not only reflection but also refraction during propagation. Point M detects a wave marked with B. N1 The signal is the refracted signal, time-marked as T. NM1 Similarly, the N points detected with the marker B M1 The signal is the refracted signal, time-marked as T. MN1 .

[0110] S209. Based on the arrival time of the traveling wave corresponding to each measuring point and the total length of the line, fault location is determined.

[0111] Determine the traveling wave transmission speed, or treat the traveling wave transmission speed as an unknown quantity, take the arrival time of the traveling wave as time, and the total length of the line as distance, determine a set of equations based on the kinematic formulas of time, speed and distance, and obtain the distance between the fault point and the measuring point by solving the set of equations, thereby realizing fault location.

[0112] Optionally, the arrival time of the traveling wave includes: wavefront time;

[0113] Optionally, when the traveling wave propagation speeds are equal, fault location is determined based on the arrival time of the traveling wave at each measuring point and the total length of the line, including:

[0114] B1. Calculate the time difference based on the wavefront time corresponding to each measuring point;

[0115] B2. Calculate the transmission distance based on the product of the time difference and the line beam transmission speed;

[0116] B3. Determine the fault distance based on the difference between the total line length and the transmission distance, and determine the fault location based on the fault distance.

[0117] Calculate the time difference by subtracting the wavefront times corresponding to the two measuring points. If the line beam transmission speeds on both sides of the fault point are equal, the line beam transmission speed can be predetermined. Calculate the product of the time difference and the line beam transmission speed to obtain the transmission distance. This transmission distance can be the distance from measuring point M to fault point K, or the distance from measuring point N to fault point K. If the time difference = T M1 -T N1 If the transmission distance is the distance from N to K, then the fault distance is the distance from M to K, calculated by subtracting the transmission distance from the total line length. N1 -T M1 If the transmission distance is M to K, then the fault distance is calculated by subtracting the transmission distance from the total line length, and the resulting fault distance is N to K. Since the location of the measuring point is known, after determining the fault distance, the fault location is determined based on the fault distance and the location of the measuring point.

[0118] For example, this application provides a formula for calculating fault distance:

[0119]

[0120] Among them, T M1 and T N1v1 represents the wavefront time at measurement point M, v2 represents the wavefront time at measurement point N, v1 represents the line beam transmission speed from measurement point M to fault point K, and v2 represents the line beam transmission speed from measurement point N to fault point K. MK L is the fault distance from measuring point M to fault point K. NK The distance from measuring point N to fault point K is the fault distance.

[0121] If the transmission speed of the line beams is equal but unknown, the fault distance can be calculated using the above formula, combined with L = L MK +L NK L can be obtained by solving three formulas and three unknowns. MK L NK and v1 (or v2).

[0122] Optionally, the traveling wave arrival time includes: wavefront time, reflection time, and refraction time;

[0123] Optionally, when the traveling wave propagation speed of the line is different, fault location is determined based on the arrival time of the traveling wave at each measuring point and the total length of the line, including:

[0124] C1. Substitute the traveling wave arrival time and the total line length corresponding to each measuring point into the fault distance calculation formula to obtain the fault distance. The fault distance includes at least one of the first fault distance and the second fault distance.

[0125] In this embodiment, the first fault distance and the second fault distance can be understood as the distance between the fault point K and the measuring point. Taking the measuring points as M and N as examples, if the first fault distance is the distance between M and the fault point K, then the second fault distance is the distance between N and K; or, if the first fault distance is the distance between N and the fault point K, then the second fault distance is the distance between M and K. When calculating the fault distance, since the location of the measuring point is determined, it is only necessary to calculate the distance between the fault point and at least one measuring point, that is, at least one of the first fault distance and the second fault distance. The fault distance calculation formula can be understood as a system of equations used to calculate the fault distance, which can be predetermined. When calculating the fault distance, the parameters can be directly substituted.

[0126] The fault distance calculation formula is predetermined. The arrival time of the traveling wave corresponding to each measuring point and the total length of the line are substituted into the fault distance calculation formula for calculation. The fault distance is obtained by solving the system of equations.

[0127] C2. Determine the location of the fault based on the distance to the fault.

[0128] The location of the measuring point is known. After determining the fault distance, the fault location is determined based on the fault distance and the location of the measuring point.

[0129] The formula for calculating fault distance is as follows:

[0130]

[0131] Among them, T M1 T is the wavefront time corresponding to measurement point M. M2 T is the reflection time corresponding to measuring point M. NM1 T is the refraction time corresponding to measuring point M. N1 The wavefront time and T corresponding to measurement point N N2 T is the reflection time corresponding to measurement point N. MN1 L is the refraction time corresponding to measuring point N, and L is the total length of the line; MK L is the first fault distance. NK The second fault distance is given by v1, where v1 is the transmission speed of the fault traveling wave signal between the fault location K and the measuring point M, and v2 is the transmission speed of the fault traveling wave signal between the fault location K and the measuring point N. T 1中间 T is the time it takes for the fault traveling wave signal to reach the fault location K after being reflected from point M. 2中间 The time it takes for the fault traveling wave signal to reach the fault location K after being reflected at point N.

[0132] By extracting the wavefront, the arrival times of the traveling waves at measuring points M and N are obtained. Substituting these arrival times and the total line length into the above formula, L is calculated. NK and L MK At least one of these can be used to locate the fault. M1 T M2 T NM1 T N1 T N2 T MN1 Since L and L are known quantities, the unknown quantities can be solved. When the traveling wave transmission speeds on the line are inconsistent, the average speeds are represented by v1 and v2, and the fault distance can then be calculated.

[0133] For example, Figure 5 A fault location implementation example diagram is provided, including the following process steps:

[0134] S1, Signal Acquisition.

[0135] The power frequency signal z(t) is obtained through signal acquisition. The power frequency signal is then detected to determine whether the traveling wave analysis start condition is met. If the condition is met, the traveling wave detection is started; otherwise, the detection is not started.

[0136] S2, Traveling Wave Start Detection.

[0137] After the traveling wave is started and detected, the fault traveling wave signal x(t) is acquired.

[0138] S3, Fault traveling wave signal extraction.

[0139] The traveling wave signal y(t) to be extracted is obtained by performing system resonance on the fault traveling wave signal.

[0140] S4. The ranging and positioning algorithm is used for positioning.

[0141] Wavefront extraction is performed on y(t) to obtain the arrival time T of the traveling wave. M and T N , among which, T N The arrival time T of the traveling wave corresponding to measurement point N. M The arrival time of the traveling wave corresponding to measurement point M.

[0142] Fault location is determined by using a ranging and positioning algorithm to determine the fault distance L. NK and L MK .

[0143] The fault location method provided in this invention solves the problems of inaccurate fault traveling wave signal acquisition and inaccurate wavefront extraction. By using a waveform energy function detection method as the starting condition for waveform recording, the accuracy of wavefront initiation detection is improved, avoiding untimely or inaccurate fault analysis caused by delayed waveform recording. A wavefront resonance method is proposed to extract effective traveling waves and eliminate interference signals, further improving the accuracy and efficiency of wavefront detection. This method is more conducive to traveling wave identification in complex line environments. Furthermore, a fault location verification algorithm is constructed for verification. When performing fault location, considering the influence of propagation speed under complex conditions, different traveling wave ranging formulas are established for fault location, achieving precise location.

[0144] Example 3

[0145] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of a fault location device provided in Embodiment 3 of the present invention. Figure 6 As shown, the device includes: a fault traveling wave acquisition module 31, a wavehead extraction module 32, and a fault location module 33.

[0146] The fault traveling wave acquisition module 31 is used to acquire the set of fault traveling wave signals to be analyzed at two measurement points of the line when the traveling wave analysis start condition is detected. The set of fault traveling wave signals includes fault traveling wave signals collected at different sampling periods. The traveling wave analysis start condition is determined according to the gain function of the power frequency signal.

[0147] The wavefront extraction module 32 is used to construct a stochastic resonance system potential function based on the fault traveling wave signal set for each fault traveling wave signal set, perform system resonance on the fault traveling wave signal based on the stochastic resonance system potential function to obtain the traveling wave signal to be extracted; perform wavefront extraction on the traveling wave signal to be extracted, and record the arrival time of the traveling wave corresponding to the measurement point.

[0148] The fault location module 33 is used to locate the fault based on the arrival time of the traveling wave corresponding to each measuring point and the total length of the line, and to determine the fault location.

[0149] The fault location device provided in this invention solves the problems of inaccurate fault traveling wave signal acquisition and inaccurate wavehead extraction. It determines the traveling wave analysis start-up condition through the gain function of the power frequency signal, ensuring accurate timing of the analysis and avoiding untimely or inaccurate fault analysis caused by delayed wave recording, thus improving the accuracy of wavehead start-up detection. Furthermore, it constructs a random resonance system potential function to resonate the fault traveling wave signal, obtaining the traveling wave signal to be extracted. Wavehead extraction is then performed on this signal, improving the accuracy of wavehead identification. Finally, it accurately locates the fault based on the wavehead arrival time, enhancing fault location accuracy and achieving precise positioning.

[0150] Optionally, the device may also include:

[0151] The power frequency signal acquisition module is used to acquire the first power frequency signal and the second power frequency signal;

[0152] The signal energy determination module is used to perform waveform energy integration on the first power frequency signal to obtain the first signal energy, and to perform waveform energy integration on the second power frequency signal to obtain the second signal energy.

[0153] A gain function calculation module is used to calculate a gain function based on the first signal energy and the second signal energy;

[0154] The start-up judgment module is used to determine that the traveling wave analysis start-up condition is met when the gain function is greater than or equal to a predetermined gain function threshold.

[0155] Optionally, the first power frequency signal and the second power frequency signal are acquired in two different acquisition cycles, and the initial acquisition point of the first power frequency signal and the initial acquisition point of the second power frequency signal differ by one acquisition cycle.

[0156] Optionally, the gain function calculation module includes:

[0157] An energy difference determination unit is used to calculate the difference between the energy of the second signal and the energy of the first signal to obtain the energy difference.

[0158] An energy and calculation unit is used to calculate the sum of the energy of the second signal and the energy of the first signal to obtain the energy sum;

[0159] A gain function determination unit is used to use the ratio of the energy difference to the sum of the energies as the gain function.

[0160] Optionally, the wavehead extraction module includes:

[0161] The structural parameter determination unit is used to determine the first structural parameter and the second structural parameter based on the fault traveling wave signal set.

[0162] The potential function construction unit is used to construct the potential function of the stochastic resonance system based on the first structural parameters and the second structural parameters.

[0163] Optionally, the structural parameter determining unit is specifically used for:

[0164] A first fault traveling wave signal, a second fault traveling wave signal, a third fault traveling wave signal, and a fourth fault traveling wave signal are obtained from the set of fault traveling wave signals, wherein the first fault traveling wave signal, the second fault traveling wave signal, the third fault traveling wave signal, and the fourth fault traveling wave signal are fault traveling wave signals collected in different sampling periods that are sequentially adjacent.

[0165] A traveling wave signal relationship function is constructed based on the first fault traveling wave signal, the second fault traveling wave signal, the third fault traveling wave signal, and the fourth fault traveling wave signal. The traveling wave signal relationship function is then solved to obtain the first structural parameter and the second structural parameter.

[0166] The expression for the traveling wave signal relationship function is as follows:

[0167]

[0168] Wherein, x(t) is the first fault traveling wave signal, x(t+Δt) is the second fault traveling wave signal, x(t+2Δt) is the third fault traveling wave signal, and x(t+3Δt) is the fourth fault traveling wave signal; a is the first structural parameter, b is the second structural parameter; s(t) is the effective fault traveling wave signal, z(t) is the noise signal, k1 is the slope at the beginning of the time period, k2 and k3 are the slopes at the midpoint of the time period, k4 is the slope at the end of the time period, and Δt is the sampling period of the fault traveling wave signal.

[0169] Optionally, the structural parameter determining unit is further configured to:

[0170] Determine whether the first structural parameter and the second structural parameter satisfy the stability condition;

[0171] If the condition is not met, new first, second, third, and fourth fault traveling wave signals are obtained from the set of fault traveling wave signals. Then, the process returns to constructing a traveling wave signal relationship function based on the first, second, third, and fourth fault traveling wave signals, and solving the traveling wave signal relationship function to obtain the first and second structural parameters, until the first and second structural parameters satisfy the stability condition.

[0172] Optionally, the wavehead extraction module includes:

[0173] The signal method unit is used to perform coordinated resonance on the fault traveling wave signal through the potential function of the random resonance system, and to amplify the effective signal in the fault traveling wave signal to obtain the traveling wave signal to be extracted.

[0174] Optionally, the traveling wave arrival time includes: wavefront time;

[0175] The wavehead extraction module includes:

[0176] The first wavefront extraction unit is used to analyze the amplitude of the traveling wave signal to be extracted and determine the time corresponding to the highest amplitude point as the wavefront time corresponding to the measurement point.

[0177] Optionally, the traveling wave arrival time includes: wavefront time;

[0178] When the traveling wave transmission speeds of the lines are equal, the fault location module includes:

[0179] A time difference calculation unit is used to calculate the time difference based on the wavefront time corresponding to each measurement point;

[0180] A transmission distance calculation unit is used to calculate the transmission distance based on the product of the time difference and the line beam transmission speed;

[0181] The first fault location unit is used to determine the fault distance based on the difference between the total length of the line and the transmission distance, and to determine the fault location based on the fault distance.

[0182] Optionally, the traveling wave arrival time includes: wavefront time, reflection time, and refraction time;

[0183] The wavehead extraction module includes:

[0184] The second wavehead extraction unit is used to analyze the amplitude of the traveling wave signal to be extracted, determine the time corresponding to the highest amplitude point as the wavehead time, determine the time corresponding to the second highest amplitude point as the reflection time, and determine the time corresponding to the third highest amplitude point as the refraction time.

[0185] Optionally, the traveling wave arrival time includes: wavefront time, reflection time, and refraction time;

[0186] When the traveling wave transmission speeds of the lines are different, the fault location module includes:

[0187] The fault distance determination unit is used to substitute the arrival time of the traveling wave and the total length of the line corresponding to each measuring point into the fault distance calculation formula to calculate the fault distance, wherein the fault distance includes at least one of a first fault distance and a second fault distance.

[0188] The second fault location unit is used to determine the fault location based on the fault distance;

[0189] The expression for the fault distance calculation formula is as follows:

[0190]

[0191] Among them, T M1 T is the wavefront time corresponding to measurement point M. M2 T is the reflection time corresponding to measuring point M. NM1 T is the refraction time corresponding to measuring point M. N1 The wavefront time and T corresponding to measurement point N N2 T is the reflection time corresponding to measurement point N. MN1 L is the refraction time corresponding to measuring point N, and L is the total length of the line; MK L is the first fault distance. NK The second fault distance is given by v1, where v1 is the transmission speed of the fault traveling wave signal between the fault location K and the measuring point M, and v2 is the transmission speed of the fault traveling wave signal between the fault location K and the measuring point N. T 1中间 T is the time it takes for the fault traveling wave signal to reach the fault location K after being reflected from point M. 2中间 The time it takes for the fault traveling wave signal to reach the fault location K after being reflected at point N.

[0192] The fault location device provided in the embodiments of the present invention can execute the fault location method provided in any embodiment of the present invention, and has the corresponding functional modules and beneficial effects of the execution method.

[0193] Example 4

[0194] Figure 7A schematic diagram of an electronic device 40 that can be used to implement embodiments of the present invention is shown. The electronic device is intended to represent various forms of digital computers, such as laptop computers, desktop computers, workstations, personal digital assistants, servers, blade servers, mainframe computers, and other suitable computers. The electronic device can also represent various forms of mobile devices, such as personal digital assistants, cellular phones, smartphones, wearable devices (e.g., helmets, glasses, watches, etc.), and other similar computing devices. The components shown herein, their connections and relationships, and their functions are merely illustrative and are not intended to limit the implementation of the invention described and / or claimed herein.

[0195] like Figure 7 As shown, the electronic device 40 includes at least one processor 41 and a memory, such as a read-only memory (ROM) 42 or a random access memory (RAM) 43, communicatively connected to the at least one processor 41. The memory stores computer programs executable by the at least one processor. The processor 41 can perform various appropriate actions and processes based on the computer program stored in the ROM 42 or loaded into the RAM 43 from storage unit 48. The RAM 43 may also store various programs and data required for the operation of the electronic device 40. The processor 41, ROM 42, and RAM 43 are interconnected via a bus 44. An input / output (I / O) interface 45 is also connected to the bus 44.

[0196] Multiple components in electronic device 40 are connected to I / O interface 45, including: input unit 46, such as keyboard, mouse, etc.; output unit 47, such as various types of monitors, speakers, etc.; storage unit 48, such as disk, optical disk, etc.; and communication unit 49, such as network card, modem, wireless transceiver, etc. Communication unit 49 allows electronic device 40 to exchange information / data with other devices through computer networks such as the Internet and / or various telecommunications networks.

[0197] Processor 41 can be a variety of general-purpose and / or special-purpose processing components with processing and computing capabilities. Some examples of processor 41 include, but are not limited to, a central processing unit (CPU), a graphics processing unit (GPU), various special-purpose artificial intelligence (AI) computing chips, various processors running machine learning model algorithms, a digital signal processor (DSP), and any suitable processor, controller, microcontroller, etc. Processor 41 performs the various methods and processes described above, such as fault location methods.

[0198] In some embodiments, the fault location method may be implemented as a computer program tangibly contained in a computer-readable storage medium, such as storage unit 48. In some embodiments, part or all of the computer program may be loaded and / or installed on electronic device 40 via ROM 42 and / or communication unit 49. When the computer program is loaded into RAM 43 and executed by processor 41, one or more steps of the fault location method described above may be performed. Alternatively, in other embodiments, processor 41 may be configured to perform the fault location method by any other suitable means (e.g., by means of firmware).

[0199] Various embodiments of the systems and techniques described above herein can be implemented in digital electronic circuit systems, integrated circuit systems, field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), application-specific standard products (ASSPs), systems-on-a-chip (SoCs), payload-programmable logic devices (CPLDs), computer hardware, firmware, software, and / or combinations thereof. These various embodiments may include implementations in one or more computer programs that can be executed and / or interpreted on a programmable system including at least one programmable processor, which may be a dedicated or general-purpose programmable processor, capable of receiving data and instructions from a storage system, at least one input device, and at least one output device, and transmitting data and instructions to the storage system, the at least one input device, and the at least one output device.

[0200] Computer programs used to implement the methods of the present invention may be written in any combination of one or more programming languages. These computer programs may be provided to a processor of a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, or other programmable data processing device, such that when executed by the processor, the computer programs cause the functions / operations specified in the flowcharts and / or block diagrams to be performed. The computer programs may be executed entirely on a machine, partially on a machine, or as a standalone software package, partially on a machine and partially on a remote machine, or entirely on a remote machine or server.

[0201] This invention provides a computer program product, which includes a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the fault location method described in any embodiment of this invention.

[0202] In the context of this invention, a computer-readable storage medium can be a tangible medium that may contain or store a computer program for use by or in conjunction with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device. A computer-readable storage medium may include, but is not limited to, electronic, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, or semiconductor systems, apparatus, or devices, or any suitable combination thereof. Alternatively, a computer-readable storage medium may be a machine-readable signal medium. More specific examples of machine-readable storage media include electrical connections based on one or more wires, portable computer disks, hard disks, random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or flash memory), optical fibers, portable compact disk read-only memory (CD-ROM), optical storage devices, magnetic storage devices, or any suitable combination thereof.

[0203] To provide interaction with a user, the systems and techniques described herein can be implemented on an electronic device having: a display device (e.g., a CRT (cathode ray tube) or LCD (liquid crystal display) monitor) for displaying information to the user; and a keyboard and pointing device (e.g., a mouse or trackball) through which the user provides input to the electronic device. Other types of devices can also be used to provide interaction with the user; for example, feedback provided to the user can be any form of sensory feedback (e.g., visual feedback, auditory feedback, or tactile feedback); and input from the user can be received in any form (including sound input, voice input, or tactile input).

[0204] The systems and technologies described herein can be implemented in computing systems that include backend components (e.g., as data servers), or computing systems that include middleware components (e.g., application servers), or computing systems that include frontend components (e.g., user computers with graphical user interfaces or web browsers through which users can interact with implementations of the systems and technologies described herein), or any combination of such backend, middleware, or frontend components. The components of the system can be interconnected via digital data communication of any form or medium (e.g., communication networks). Examples of communication networks include local area networks (LANs), wide area networks (WANs), blockchain networks, and the Internet.

[0205] A computing system can include clients and servers. Clients and servers are generally located far apart and typically interact through communication networks. The client-server relationship is created by computer programs running on the respective computers and having a client-server relationship with each other. The server can be a cloud server, also known as a cloud computing server or cloud host, which is a hosting product within the cloud computing service system to address the shortcomings of traditional physical hosts and VPS services, such as high management difficulty and weak business scalability.

[0206] It should be understood that the various forms of processes shown above can be used, with steps reordered, added, or deleted. For example, the steps described in this invention can be executed in parallel, sequentially, or in different orders, as long as the desired result of the technical solution of this invention can be achieved, and this is not limited herein.

[0207] The specific embodiments described above do not constitute a limitation on the scope of protection of this invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that various modifications, combinations, sub-combinations, and substitutions can be made according to design requirements and other factors. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of this invention should be included within the scope of protection of this invention.

Claims

1. A fault location method characterized by, The method comprises the following steps: acquiring a first power frequency signal and a second power frequency signal; the first power frequency signal and the second power frequency signal are acquired in two different acquisition periods, and an initial acquisition point of the first power frequency signal and an initial acquisition point of the second power frequency signal are different by one acquisition period; the acquisition time of the two signals is matched with the power frequency signal period T; performing waveform energy integration on the first power frequency signal to obtain a first signal energy, and performing waveform energy integration on the second power frequency signal to obtain a second signal energy; calculating the difference between the second signal energy and the first signal energy to obtain an energy difference value; calculating the sum of the second signal energy and the first signal energy to obtain an energy sum value; taking the ratio of the energy difference value to the energy sum value as a gain function; when the gain function is greater than or equal to a predetermined gain function threshold, it is determined that the traveling wave analysis starting condition is met; acquiring a set of fault traveling wave signals of two measuring points of a line to be analyzed, wherein the set of fault traveling wave signals comprises fault traveling wave signals acquired in different sampling periods, and the traveling wave analysis starting condition is determined according to the gain function of the power frequency signal; for each set of fault traveling wave signals, determining a first structure parameter and a second structure parameter based on the set of fault traveling wave signals; constructing a stochastic resonance system potential function according to the first structure parameter and the second structure parameter; performing system resonance on the fault traveling wave signal according to the stochastic resonance system potential function to obtain a to-be-extracted traveling wave signal; performing wave head extraction on the to-be-extracted traveling wave signal to record the traveling wave arrival time corresponding to the measuring point, comprising: analyzing the amplitude of the to-be-extracted traveling wave signal to determine the amplitude at different times, determining the highest point, the second highest point and the third highest point of the amplitude, determining the wave head time corresponding to the highest point of the amplitude, determining the reflection time corresponding to the second highest point of the amplitude, and determining the refraction time corresponding to the third highest point of the amplitude; wherein the traveling wave arrival time comprises the wave head time, the reflection time and the refraction time; performing fault location according to the traveling wave arrival time corresponding to each measuring point and the total length of the line to determine the fault location; wherein, determining the first structure parameter and the second structure parameter based on the set of fault traveling wave signals comprises: acquiring a first fault traveling wave signal, a second fault traveling wave signal, a third fault traveling wave signal and a fourth fault traveling wave signal from the set of fault traveling wave signals, wherein the first fault traveling wave signal, the second fault traveling wave signal, the third fault traveling wave signal and the fourth fault traveling wave signal are fault traveling wave signals acquired in different sampling periods in turn; constructing a traveling wave signal relationship function according to the first fault traveling wave signal, the second fault traveling wave signal, the third fault traveling wave signal and the fourth fault traveling wave signal, and solving the traveling wave signal relationship function to obtain the first structure parameter and the second structure parameter; wherein, the expression of the traveling wave signal relationship function is: ； wherein, is the first fault traveling wave signal, is the second fault traveling wave signal, is the third fault traveling wave signal, is the fourth fault traveling wave signal; a is a first structure parameter, and b is a second structure parameter; is an effective fault traveling wave signal, is a noise signal, is a slope at a start of a time period, and is a slope at a midpoint of the time period, is a slope at an end of the time period, and Δt is a period of sampling of the fault traveling wave signal.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein, after determining the first structure parameter and the second structure parameter based on the set of fault traveling wave signals, further comprising: determining whether the first structure parameter and the second structure parameter satisfy a stable condition; if not, obtaining new first, second, third and fourth fault traveling wave signals from the set of fault traveling wave signals again, and returning to perform construction of a traveling wave signal relationship function according to the first, second, third and fourth fault traveling wave signals, and solving the traveling wave signal relationship function to obtain the first structure parameter and the second structure parameter until the first structure parameter and the second structure parameter satisfy the stable condition.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein, the system resonance of the fault traveling wave signal according to the stochastic resonance system potential function to obtain the to-be-extracted traveling wave signal, comprising: the system resonance of the fault traveling wave signal according to the stochastic resonance system potential function to obtain the to-be-extracted traveling wave signal, comprising:

4. The method of claim 1, wherein, when the line traveling wave transmission speeds are equal, the fault location is determined according to the traveling wave arrival time corresponding to each of the measuring points and the total length of the line, comprising: calculating a time difference according to the wave head time corresponding to each of the measuring points; calculating a transmission distance according to the product of the time difference and the line beam transmission speed; determining a fault distance based on the difference between the total length of the line and the transmission distance, and determining a fault position according to the fault distance.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein, when the line traveling wave transmission speeds are different, the fault location is determined according to the traveling wave arrival time corresponding to each of the measuring points and the total length of the line, comprising: substituting the traveling wave arrival time corresponding to each of the measuring points and the total length of the line into a fault distance calculation formula to obtain a fault distance, the fault distance comprising at least one of a first fault distance and a second fault distance; determining a fault position according to the fault distance; wherein the expression of the fault distance calculation formula is as follows: wherein, is the wave front time corresponding to the measuring point M, is the reflection time corresponding to the measuring point M, is the refraction time corresponding to the measuring point M, is the wave front time corresponding to the measuring point N, is the reflection time corresponding to the measuring point N, is the refraction time corresponding to the measuring point N, L is the total length of the line; is the first fault distance, is the second fault distance, is the transmission speed of the fault traveling wave signal between the fault position K and the measuring point M, is the transmission speed of the fault traveling wave signal between the fault position K and the measuring point N, is the time for the fault traveling wave signal to reach the fault position K after being reflected by the measuring point M, is the time for the fault traveling wave signal to reach the fault position K after being reflected by the measuring point N.

6. A fault location device characterized by, comprising: a power frequency signal acquisition module configured to acquire a first power frequency signal and a second power frequency signal, the first power frequency signal and the second power frequency signal being acquired in two different acquisition periods, and the initial acquisition point of the first power frequency signal being different from the initial acquisition point of the second power frequency signal by one acquisition period; a signal energy determination module configured to perform waveform energy integration on the first power frequency signal to obtain a first signal energy, and perform waveform energy integration on the second power frequency signal to obtain a second signal energy; a gain function calculation module comprising an energy difference determination unit, an energy sum calculation unit and a gain function determination unit; the energy difference determination unit is configured to calculate the difference between the second signal energy and the first signal energy to obtain an energy difference; the energy sum calculation unit is configured to calculate the sum of the second signal energy and the first signal energy to obtain an energy sum; the gain function determination unit is configured to take the ratio of the energy difference to the energy sum as a gain function; a start determination module configured to determine that a traveling wave analysis start condition is satisfied when the gain function is greater than or equal to a predetermined gain function threshold. The fault traveling wave acquisition module is configured to acquire a set of fault traveling wave signals to be analyzed of two measuring points of a line when it is detected that a traveling wave analysis starting condition is met, the set of fault traveling wave signals including fault traveling wave signals collected in different sampling periods, and the traveling wave analysis starting condition being determined according to a gain function of a power frequency signal; The wave head extraction module includes a structure parameter determination unit, a potential function construction unit, and a second wave head extraction unit. The structure parameter determination unit is configured to determine, for each set of fault traveling wave signals, a first structure parameter and a second structure parameter based on the set of fault traveling wave signals. The potential function construction unit is configured to construct a stochastic resonance system potential function according to the first structure parameter and the second structure parameter. The second wave head extraction unit is configured to analyze an amplitude of a traveling wave signal to be extracted, determine amplitudes at different times, determine a highest point, a second highest point, and a third highest point of the amplitude, determine a wave head time corresponding to the highest point of the amplitude, determine a reflection time corresponding to the second highest point of the amplitude, and determine a refraction time corresponding to the third highest point of the amplitude, wherein the traveling wave arrival time includes the wave head time, the reflection time, and the refraction time. The fault location module is configured to locate a fault according to the traveling wave arrival time corresponding to each measuring point and a total length of the line, and determine a fault location. The structure parameter determination unit is specifically configured to: acquire a first fault traveling wave signal, a second fault traveling wave signal, a third fault traveling wave signal, and a fourth fault traveling wave signal from the set of fault traveling wave signals, the first fault traveling wave signal, the second fault traveling wave signal, the third fault traveling wave signal, and the fourth fault traveling wave signal being fault traveling wave signals collected in different sampling periods in sequence; construct a traveling wave signal relationship function according to the first fault traveling wave signal, the second fault traveling wave signal, the third fault traveling wave signal, and the fourth fault traveling wave signal, and solve the traveling wave signal relationship function to obtain the first structure parameter and the second structure parameter; wherein an expression of the traveling wave signal relationship function is: ； wherein, is the first fault traveling wave signal, is the second fault traveling wave signal, is the third fault traveling wave signal, is the fourth fault traveling wave signal; a is a first structure parameter, and b is a second structure parameter; is an effective fault traveling wave signal, is a noise signal, is a slope at a beginning of a time period, and is a slope at a midpoint of the time period, is a slope at an end of the time period, and Δt is a period of sampling of the fault traveling wave signal.

7. The apparatus of claim 6, wherein, The structure parameter determination unit is further configured to: determine whether the first structure parameter and the second structure parameter meet a stability condition; if not, reacquire new first, second, third, and fourth fault traveling wave signals from the set of fault traveling wave signals, and return to execute the step of constructing a traveling wave signal relationship function according to the first, second, third, and fourth fault traveling wave signals, and solving the traveling wave signal relationship function to obtain the first structure parameter and the second structure parameter, until the first structure parameter and the second structure parameter meet the stability condition.

8. The apparatus of claim 6, wherein, The wave head extraction module includes: a signal method unit configured to perform cooperative resonance on the fault traveling wave signal through the stochastic resonance system potential function, amplify an effective signal in the fault traveling wave signal, and obtain a traveling wave signal to be extracted.

9. The apparatus of claim 6, wherein, When the line wave propagation speeds are equal, the fault location module comprises: a time difference calculation unit configured to calculate a time difference according to a wave head time corresponding to each of the measuring points; a transmission distance calculation unit configured to calculate a transmission distance according to a product of the time difference and a line beam transmission speed; a first fault location unit configured to determine a fault distance based on a difference between the total length of the line and the transmission distance, and determine a fault position according to the fault distance.

10. The apparatus of claim 6, wherein, When the line wave propagation speeds are different, the fault location module comprises: a fault distance determination unit configured to calculate a fault distance by substituting the wave arrival time corresponding to each of the measuring points and the total length of the line into a fault distance calculation formula, the fault distance comprising at least one of a first fault distance and a second fault distance; a second fault location unit configured to determine a fault position according to the fault distance. The expression of the fault distance calculation formula is as follows: wherein, is the wave front time corresponding to the measuring point M, is the reflection time corresponding to the measuring point M, is the refraction time corresponding to the measuring point M, is the wave front time corresponding to the measuring point N, is the reflection time corresponding to the measuring point N, is the refraction time corresponding to the measuring point N, L is the total length of the line; is the first fault distance, is the second fault distance, is the transmission speed of the fault traveling wave signal between the fault position K and the measuring point M, is the transmission speed of the fault traveling wave signal between the fault position K and the measuring point N, is the time for the fault traveling wave signal to reach the fault position K after being reflected by the measuring point M, is the time for the fault traveling wave signal to reach the fault position K after being reflected by the measuring point N.

11. An electronic device, comprising: The electronic device comprises: at least one processor, and a memory connected to the at least one processor in communication; wherein the memory stores a computer program executable by the at least one processor, and the computer program is executed by the at least one processor to enable the at least one processor to execute the fault location method of any one of claims 1-5.

12. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that, The computer readable storage medium stores computer instructions for enabling the processor to execute the fault location method of any one of claims 1-5 when executed.

13. A computer program product, characterised in that, The computer program product comprises a computer program, which, when executed by the processor, implements the fault location method according to any one of claims 1-5. The computer program product comprises a computer program, which, when executed by the processor, implements the fault location method according to any one of claims 1-5.

Images