Battery pack, energy storage cabinet and energy storage system and method

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of sodium ion battery energy storage systems, in particular to an energy storage cabinet which comprises a battery pack and further comprises an energy storage cabinet body, an air inlet duct and an air outlet duct are arranged on the energy storage cabinet body, and a plurality of guide strips are arranged at the air inlet duct of the energy storage cabinet body from top to bottom. The air inlet channel of the energy storage cabinet body is arranged over the multiple guide strips, the widths of the multiple guide strips are sequentially increased from top to bottom, air entering the air inlet channel of the energy storage cabinet body directly blows the guide strips arranged from top to bottom, and due to the fact that the blocking areas of the guide strips are different, the air blown downwards can be shunted, and the energy storage cabinet body can be separated from the air inlet channel of the energy storage cabinet body. Cold air can be sequentially guided to the position close to the battery packs on one side, the air volume away from the air inlet channel and the air volume close to the air inlet channel can be consistent through the design of the guide strips, and then the temperature of the battery packs in the energy storage cabinet body is more uniform.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of sodium ion battery energy storage systems, and in particular to a battery pack, an energy storage cabinet, and an energy storage system and method. Background Art

[0002] At present, frequency regulation is mainly based on thermal power units, but due to its long response time and low frequency regulation rate, it is only suitable for frequency regulation with large amplitude and single direction. After large-scale access to the power grid by renewable energy generation and when the power load increases and the fluctuation becomes more intense, thermal power frequency regulation is difficult to accurately meet the small amplitude and high frequency frequency regulation needs. Due to geographical restrictions and capacity protection during the dry season, the development ceiling of hydropower and pumped storage is determined. Therefore, the new frequency regulation energy storage in the future will be mainly electrochemical energy storage.

[0003] By comparing the responses of thermal power units and energy storage units to AGC frequency modulation instructions, it can be found that energy storage units can effectively solve the problems of reverse regulation, delay regulation and deviation regulation that thermal power units may face. Strong customization capability determines strong performance optimization capability.

[0004] Energy storage frequency regulation has a good replacement effect on hydropower, gas and coal-fired units. Under the conditions of the spot power market, compared with traditional thermal power generating units, energy storage has a fast response speed, which can reach a response speed of seconds or even milliseconds. Energy storage accurately controls the output, has high regulation accuracy, and does not directly produce pollutants. The replacement effect of energy storage frequency regulation on different types of units is different, and the effect of coal-fired units is the best, which can reach 25 times. On the one hand, it can be used as an independent system for frequency regulation, and on the other hand, it can be combined with traditional thermal power for frequency regulation. Among them, combined frequency regulation with thermal power can reduce the operating cost of thermal power units, and the operating cost can be reduced by about 20%. When gas and coal-fired power units are freed from the long-term ACC frequency regulation task, stabilizing the output and increasing the load rate will greatly improve the performance of the unit, improve the thermal efficiency, alleviate the metal fatigue and wear of the unit equipment caused by frequent AGC regulation, improve the availability and service life of the unit, and further promote energy conservation and emission reduction in the whole society.

[0005] Defects and shortcomings of the existing technology:

[0006] The batteries in the energy storage system will generate a certain amount of heat during the charging and discharging process, which will cause the battery temperature to rise. The temperature rise will affect the battery performance, such as internal resistance, charging and discharging efficiency, and battery life. Battery thermal effect problems will also affect the overall performance and cycle life of the energy storage system. Therefore, good thermal management is very important for the performance and service life of the energy storage system.

[0007] At present, lithium-ion battery frequency modulation energy storage is mainly 1P, and thermal management is mostly liquid cooling. High-power charging temperature rises, and discharge temperature rises are also high. Sodium-ion batteries have good rate characteristics, 2P-4P power characteristics, low charging temperature rise, and high discharge temperature rise.

[0008] For a high-power sodium-ion battery energy storage system, due to the limitation of the heat dissipation area, simply adjusting the liquid cooling power cannot effectively improve the problem of rapid temperature rise during high-power discharge. In addition, there is also an energy consumption problem. Therefore, a battery pack, an energy storage cabinet, and an energy storage system and method are proposed. Summary of the invention

[0009] In view of the above problems or problems existing in the prior art, the present invention is proposed.

[0010] Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a battery pack, an energy storage cabinet, and an energy storage system and method.

[0011] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: a battery pack, comprising a shell, wherein a single battery cell is arranged inside the shell, an air-cooled harmonica plate is arranged on the single battery cell, and an aerogel pad is arranged on one side of the air-cooled harmonica plate;

[0012] A plurality of the single cells are arranged in the shell, and two adjacent single cells are separated from each other by an aerogel pad to separate the air-cooled harmonica plates connected to the single cells.

[0013] As a preferred solution of the battery pack of the present invention, wherein: an air inlet is provided on the long side surface of the shell, an air outlet is provided on the short side surface of the shell, and a fan is provided in the air outlet.

[0014] As a preferred solution of the battery pack of the present invention, wherein: a liquid cooling inlet and a liquid cooling outlet are provided on the shell, a liquid cooling plate is provided inside the shell, and the flow channel of the liquid cooling plate is connected with the liquid cooling inlet and the liquid cooling outlet to form a cooling channel.

[0015] Beneficial effects of the battery pack of the present invention: The present invention designs air-cooled harmonica plates between single battery cells for large-area heat conduction and heat dissipation, and designs aerogel pads between the air-cooled harmonica plates to prevent heat diffusion when heat is out of control, thereby preventing heat from spreading and improving the safety of the battery pack.

[0016] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention also provides the following technical solutions: an energy storage cabinet, comprising a battery pack and an energy storage cabinet body, wherein the energy storage cabinet body is provided with an air inlet and an air outlet, wherein the air inlet of the energy storage cabinet body is provided with a plurality of guide bars from top to bottom, and the air inlet of the energy storage cabinet body is provided directly above the plurality of guide bars, and the widths of the plurality of guide bars increase sequentially from top to bottom.

[0017] As a preferred solution of the energy storage cabinet of the present invention, the inclination angles formed by the plurality of guide bars and the inner wall of the energy storage cabinet increase sequentially from top to bottom.

[0018] As a preferred solution of the energy storage cabinet of the present invention, the distance between the installation positions between adjacent guide bars and the energy storage cabinet body is equal to the distance between adjacent battery packs.

[0019] As a preferred solution of the energy storage cabinet of the present invention, wherein: a liquid cooling main pipeline connected to a liquid cooling water inlet and a liquid cooling water outlet is provided in the energy storage cabinet.

[0020] As a preferred solution of the energy storage cabinet of the present invention, an exhaust fan is provided at the air outlet of the energy storage cabinet.

[0021] The beneficial effects of the energy storage cabinet of the present invention are as follows: the wind coming in from the air inlet of the energy storage cabinet directly blows the guide strips arranged from top to bottom. Since the blocking areas of the guide strips are different, the wind blowing downwards will be diverted, and the cold wind can be sequentially guided to the vicinity of the battery pack on one side. The design of the guide strips can make the air volume away from the air inlet and close to the air inlet consistent, thereby making the temperature of the battery pack inside the energy storage cabinet more uniform.

[0022] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention also provides the following technical solutions: an energy storage system, including an energy storage cabinet, and also including:

[0023] The battery system is composed of a number of battery packs and is installed inside the energy storage cabinet;

[0024] A liquid cooling unit, which is arranged outside the energy storage cabinet;

[0025] Air-cooled air conditioner, which is installed outside the energy storage cabinet;

[0026] A converter, which is arranged outside the energy storage cabinet;

[0027] The high-voltage box is arranged inside the energy storage cabinet.

[0028] The energy storage system of the present invention has the following beneficial effects: since the liquid cooling unit, air-cooled air conditioner and converter are designed outside the energy storage cabinet, more battery systems can be installed inside the cabinet, and the energy density of the energy storage system can be increased.

[0029] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention also provides the following technical solutions: a thermal management method for an energy storage system, using the energy storage system, comprising:

[0030] Collect relevant data in the energy storage cabinet, including basic data of single battery cells, adiabatic temperature rise and heat generation at different temperatures and rates;

[0031] Monitor the battery pole temperature T1 and bottom surface temperature T2 of the single cell in real time, and calculate the cell temperature difference ΔT1; since each battery pack is composed of multiple single cells, calculate the cell temperature difference in each battery pack, and find the temperature difference value of the cell with the largest temperature difference in the energy storage cabinet, which is recorded as MAXΔT1;

[0032] Real-time monitoring of battery pack module temperature rise ΔT2;

[0033] According to the basic data of different battery cell temperatures, different rates, and different SOC charge and discharge, preset the battery pack module temperature uniformity threshold ΔT0, battery cell temperature difference threshold ΔT3, battery cell temperature level 1 threshold T4, and battery cell temperature level 2 threshold T3;

[0034] Detect battery charge and discharge status, power, voltage, temperature and other information. When the system is working below 0.5P, air cooling is not turned on. When charging, if the temperature is greater than T4, liquid cooling self-circulation is turned on. When discharging, if the temperature is greater than T3, liquid cooling is turned on. When the battery temperature change trend exceeds ΔT0, the liquid cooling power is increased.

[0035] When the charge and discharge power exceeds 0.5P, determine whether the battery cell temperature difference MAXΔT1 is greater than ΔT0. If there is a risk of exceeding the standard, turn on the air cooling unit and adjust the air cooling power.

[0036] The beneficial effects of the energy storage system thermal management method of the present invention are as follows: by combining air cooling and liquid cooling, when the temperature difference is large, the temperature difference is reduced by using the method of air cooling and liquid cooling working simultaneously. When the temperature difference of the battery cell is within a certain range, only liquid cooling is turned on for heat dissipation. Since the power consumption of air cooling is relatively high, it is only used when the temperature difference is large. Such a solution method can not only control the temperature inside the energy storage cabinet and the temperature difference between the battery cells, but also save the auxiliary power consumption of the energy storage system, effectively reducing the LCOS (cost per kilowatt-hour) of the energy storage system. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0037] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings required for use in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other accompanying drawings can be obtained based on these accompanying drawings without paying creative work.

[0038] Figure 1 The figure is a schematic diagram of the battery pack.

[0039] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the connection structure of the battery pack shell, air inlet and outlet.

[0040] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the connection structure of the battery pack's single cell, air-cooled harmonica board, and aerogel pad.

[0041] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the structure of a single cell of a battery pack.

[0042] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the energy storage cabinet.

[0043] Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the connection structure between the energy storage cabinet and the air-cooled air conditioner.

[0044] Figure 7 Schematic diagram of the distribution structure of the guide bars inside the energy storage cabinet.

[0045] Figure 8 The figure is a logic diagram of the thermal management method for the energy storage system.

[0046] In the figure: 100, shell; 101, single battery cell; 102, air-cooled harmonica board; 103, aerogel pad; 104, air inlet; 105, air outlet; 106, liquid cooling water inlet; 107, liquid cooling water outlet; 200, guide strip. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0047] In order to make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and easy to understand, the specific implementation methods of the present invention are described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0048] In the following description, many specific details are set forth to facilitate a full understanding of the present invention, but the present invention may also be implemented in other ways different from those described herein, and those skilled in the art may make similar generalizations without violating the connotation of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0049] Secondly, the term "one embodiment" or "embodiment" as used herein refers to a specific feature, structure, or characteristic that may be included in at least one implementation of the present invention. The term "in one embodiment" that appears in different places in this specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor does it refer to a separate or selective embodiment that is mutually exclusive with other embodiments.

[0050] Example 1, reference Figures 1 to 4 , which is the first embodiment of the present invention, provides a battery pack, including a shell 100, wherein a single cell 101 is arranged inside the shell 100, an air-cooled harmonica plate 102 is arranged on the single cell 101, and an aerogel pad 103 is arranged on one side of the air-cooled harmonica plate 102; in this embodiment, a plurality of single cells 101 are arranged in the shell 100, and two adjacent single cells 101 are separated by the aerogel pad 103 to separate the air-cooled harmonica plate 102 connected to the single cell 101.

[0051] It should be noted that the battery pack is composed of multiple single battery cells 101, a bus, an FPC circuit board, a steel belt, an air-cooled harmonica board 102, and an aerogel pad 103. Since the settings of the bus, the FPC circuit board, and the steel belt have not changed, they will not be elaborated here. Multiple battery cells can be connected through the bus, the FPC circuit board is used to collect voltage, temperature and other data of each battery cell, and the steel belt is used to fasten the multiple single battery cells 101.

[0052] When in use, air-cooled harmonica plates 102 are designed between the single battery cells 101 for large-area heat conduction and heat dissipation, and aerogel pads 103 are designed between the air-cooled harmonica plates 102 to prevent heat diffusion when thermal runaway occurs, thereby preventing heat spread and improving the safety of the battery pack. In addition, the battery cell is a sodium ion battery cell; it has a relatively wide temperature range, so it has better low-temperature performance than the lithium battery energy storage system; it can be suitable for application scenarios with a wider temperature range.

[0053] Specifically, an air inlet 104 is provided on the long side surface of the shell 100, and an air outlet 105 is provided on the short side surface of the shell 100. A fan is provided in the air outlet 105. In this embodiment, the operation of the fan can accelerate the flow speed of the gas in the shell 100, thereby accelerating the dissipation of heat and improving the heat exchange efficiency. The fan uses an exhaust method to draw cold air in from the air inlet 104 and finally discharge it from the air outlet 105.

[0054] Furthermore, a liquid cooling water inlet 106 and a liquid cooling water outlet 107 are provided on the shell 100, and a liquid cooling plate is provided inside the shell 100. The flow channel of the liquid cooling plate is connected with the liquid cooling water inlet 106 and the liquid cooling water outlet 107 to form a cooling channel. In the present embodiment, the liquid cooling plate is attached to the surface of the single cell 101 without the air-cooled harmonica plate 102, which can increase the contact area and thus improve the heat dissipation efficiency.

[0055] When in use, when the fan is exhausting air, the airflow can come into contact with the air-cooled harmonica plate 102, thereby increasing the area of ​​heat exchange, improving the heat dissipation efficiency, and making the heat dissipation more uniform. Combined with the setting of the liquid cooling plate, liquid cooling can be achieved, further improving the heat dissipation efficiency. The combined heat dissipation of liquid cooling and air cooling allows the battery pack to better control the temperature during operation.

[0056] Example 2, reference Figure 1 to Figure 7 , which is the second embodiment of the present invention. Different from the previous embodiment, this embodiment provides an energy storage cabinet, including a battery pack and an energy storage cabinet body. The energy storage cabinet body is provided with an air inlet and an air outlet. A plurality of guide bars 200 are provided from top to bottom at the air inlet of the energy storage cabinet body, and the air inlet of the energy storage cabinet body is provided directly above the plurality of guide bars 200. The widths of the plurality of guide bars 200 increase sequentially from top to bottom.

[0057] In the present embodiment, the wind coming in from the air inlet duct of the energy storage cabinet directly blows the guide bars 200 arranged from top to bottom. Since the blocking areas of the guide bars 200 are different, the wind blowing downward will be diverted, and the cold air can be sequentially diverted to the vicinity of the battery pack on one side. If all the guide bars 200 have the same width, the guide bars 200 of the lower layer will not be able to guide the air due to the obstruction of the guide bars 200 of the upper layer, and the cold air will also be guided to the uppermost side by the guide bars 200 of the uppermost layer. The cold air flow is diverted by multiple guide bars 200 of different sizes, and the diverted cold air flow is respectively introduced into the air ducts of multiple battery packs. After receiving the cold air flow, these air ducts introduce it into the gaps in the structure; since the gaps are located between the single battery cells 101, they can fully contact the multiple single battery cells 101. In this way, the cold air flow can be quickly sucked into the battery packs at various positions for heat dissipation; thereby, the heat dissipation and cooling of multiple battery packs in the cabinet can be timely and effectively achieved, providing an effective cooling effect for the energy storage cabinet; the design of the guide bar 200 can make the air volume away from the air inlet and close to the air inlet consistent, thereby making the temperature of the battery packs inside the energy storage cabinet more uniform.

[0058] Specifically, the inclination angles formed by the guide bars 200 and the inner wall of the energy storage cabinet increase from top to bottom, and the distance between the installation positions of adjacent guide bars 200 and the energy storage cabinet is equal to the distance between adjacent battery packs. Figure 7 Since the airflow blown out of the air inlet duct is vertically downward, the guide bar 200 can guide the vertical airflow to the right. The upper guide bar 200 is narrow in width, and the guide area will be small. The airflow on the right side that does not contact the guide bar 200 will still flow downward until it contacts the lower guide bar 200. Therefore, after the airflow flowing to the right and the airflow flowing downward are mixed, a certain deviation will occur and it cannot be directly blown to the battery pack. Therefore, the inclination angle formed by the guide bar 200 and the inner wall of the energy storage cabinet is increased from top to bottom, so that the airflow after converging can be better guided into the battery pack.

[0059] Preferably, a liquid cooling main pipeline connected to the liquid cooling water inlet 106 and the liquid cooling water outlet 107 is provided in the energy storage cabinet. In this embodiment, the liquid cooling main pipeline is connected to the liquid cooling water inlet 106 and the liquid cooling water outlet 107 to form a liquid cooling channel, which is convenient for connecting liquid cooling equipment.

[0060] Preferably, an exhaust fan is provided at the air outlet of the energy storage cabinet. In this embodiment, the provision of the exhaust fan can improve the efficiency of gas flow and enhance the heat dissipation effect.

[0061] The rest of the structure is the same as that of Example 1.

[0062] When in use, cold gas enters the energy storage cabinet through the air inlet duct, and the gas is guided to the location of each layer of battery packs through the guide strip 200. When the fan exhausts air, the airflow can contact the air-cooled harmonica board 102 and finally be discharged from the air outlet duct. After the energy storage cabinet is connected with the liquid cooling equipment, the coolant can be transported to the liquid cooling water inlet 106 through the liquid cooling main pipeline, and discharged and refluxed from the liquid cooling water outlet 107. The use of both air cooling and liquid cooling thermal management methods can further improve the heat dissipation effect and reduce the thermal management energy consumption.

[0063] Example 3, reference Figure 1 to Figure 7 , which is the third embodiment of the present invention. Different from the previous embodiment, this embodiment provides an energy storage system, including an energy storage cabinet, and also including:

[0064] The battery system is composed of a number of battery packs and is installed inside the energy storage cabinet;

[0065] A liquid cooling unit, which is arranged outside the energy storage cabinet;

[0066] Air-cooled air conditioner, which is installed outside the energy storage cabinet;

[0067] A converter, which is arranged outside the energy storage cabinet;

[0068] The high-voltage box is arranged inside the energy storage cabinet.

[0069] In this embodiment, the specific structures of the liquid cooling unit, air-cooled air conditioner, converter and high-voltage box are not changed, only their installation positions are adjusted, so the functions and connection relationships are not described in detail here.

[0070] The rest of the structure is the same as that of Example 2.

[0071] Since the liquid cooling unit, air-cooled air conditioner, and converter are designed outside the energy storage cabinet, more battery systems can be installed inside the cabinet, and the energy density of the energy storage system can be increased. The working state of the air-cooled air conditioner and liquid cooling unit can be regulated by control strategies, which can save the auxiliary power consumption of the energy storage system while ensuring the optimal temperature, and reduce the LCOS (cost per kilowatt-hour) of the energy storage system. In view of the good rate performance of sodium-ion batteries, 2P-4P power characteristics, low charging temperature rise and high discharge temperature rise, the sodium-ion frequency modulation energy storage system adopts a dual cooling system, liquid cooling + air cooling. Different thermal management methods are adopted under different working conditions to effectively improve the problem of rapid temperature rise during high-power discharge and reduce energy consumption.

[0072] Example 4, reference Figure 8 , which is the fourth embodiment of the present invention. Different from the previous embodiment, this embodiment provides a thermal management method for an energy storage system, which is applied to the energy storage system, including collecting relevant data in the energy storage cabinet, including basic data of a single battery cell, adiabatic temperature rise at different temperatures and different magnifications, and calorific value;

[0073] Monitor the battery pole temperature T1 and bottom surface temperature T2 of the single battery cell 101 in real time, and calculate the battery cell temperature difference ΔT1; since each battery pack is composed of multiple single battery cells 101, calculate the battery cell temperature difference in each battery pack, and find out the temperature difference value of the battery cell with the largest temperature difference in the energy storage cabinet, which is recorded as MAXΔT1;

[0074] Real-time monitoring of battery pack module temperature rise ΔT2;

[0075] As shown in the logic diagram, based on the basic data of different cell temperatures, different rates, and different SOC charge and discharge, the battery pack module temperature uniformity threshold ΔT0, the cell temperature difference threshold ΔT3, the cell temperature primary threshold T4, and the cell temperature secondary threshold T3 are preset;

[0076] Detect battery charge and discharge status, power, voltage, temperature and other information. When the system is working below 0.5P, air cooling is not turned on. When charging, if the temperature is greater than T4, liquid cooling self-circulation is turned on. When discharging, if the temperature is greater than T3, liquid cooling is turned on. When the battery temperature change trend exceeds ΔT0, the liquid cooling power is increased.

[0077] When the charge and discharge power exceeds 0.5P, determine whether the battery cell temperature difference MAXΔT1 is greater than ΔT0. If there is a risk of exceeding the standard, turn on the air cooling unit and adjust the air cooling power. The overall temperature can be judged here. For example, if the temperature of the entire battery pack does not exceed T3 and T4, but the temperature difference of the battery cell approaches ΔT0, turn off the liquid cooling unit or reduce the power of the liquid cooling unit.

[0078] The rest of the structure is the same as that of Example 3.

[0079] In summary, by combining air cooling and liquid cooling, when the temperature difference is large, air cooling and liquid cooling are used simultaneously to reduce the temperature difference. When the temperature difference of the battery cell is within a certain range, only liquid cooling is turned on for heat dissipation. Since air cooling has high power consumption, it is only used when the temperature difference is large. This solution method can not only control the internal temperature of the energy storage cabinet and the temperature difference between the battery cells, but also save the auxiliary power consumption of the energy storage system, effectively reducing the LCOS (cost per kilowatt-hour) of the energy storage system.

[0080] It should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that the technical solutions of the present invention may be modified or replaced by equivalents without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, which should all be included in the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A battery pack, characterized in that: It comprises a shell (100), wherein a single cell (101) is provided inside the shell (100), an air-cooled harmonica board (102) is provided on the single cell (101), and an aerogel pad (103) is provided on one side of the air-cooled harmonica board (102); A plurality of the single cells (101) are arranged in a housing (100), and an air-cooled harmonica plate (102) connected to the single cells (101) is separated by an aerogel pad (103) between two adjacent single cells (101).

2. The battery pack according to claim 1, wherein: An air inlet (104) is provided on the long side surface of the shell (100), an air outlet (105) is provided on the short side surface of the shell (100), and a fan is provided in the air outlet (105).

3. The battery pack according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The shell (100) is provided with a liquid cooling water inlet (106) and a liquid cooling water outlet (107), and a liquid cooling plate is provided inside the shell (100), and a flow channel of the liquid cooling plate is connected to the liquid cooling water inlet (106) and the liquid cooling water outlet (107) to form a cooling channel.

4. An energy storage cabinet, comprising the battery pack according to claim 3, characterized in that: It also comprises an energy storage cabinet, wherein the energy storage cabinet is provided with an air inlet and an air outlet, wherein a plurality of guide bars (200) are provided at the air inlet of the energy storage cabinet from top to bottom, and the air inlet of the energy storage cabinet is provided directly above the plurality of guide bars (200), and the widths of the plurality of guide bars (200) increase sequentially from top to bottom.

5. The energy storage cabinet according to claim 4, characterized in that: The inclination angles formed by the plurality of guide bars (200) and the inner wall of the energy storage cabinet increase sequentially from top to bottom.

6. The energy storage cabinet according to claim 5, characterized in that: The distance between the installation positions between adjacent guide bars (200) and energy storage cabinets is equal to the distance between adjacent battery packs.

7. The energy storage cabinet according to claim 6, characterized in that: The energy storage cabinet is provided with a liquid cooling main pipeline connected to the liquid cooling water inlet (106) and the liquid cooling water outlet (107).

8. The energy storage cabinet according to claim 7, characterized in that: An exhaust fan is provided at the air outlet of the energy storage cabinet.

9. An energy storage system, comprising the energy storage cabinet according to any one of claims 4 to 8, characterized in that: Also includes, The battery system is composed of a number of battery packs and is installed inside the energy storage cabinet; A liquid cooling unit, which is arranged outside the energy storage cabinet; Air-cooled air conditioner, which is installed outside the energy storage cabinet; A converter, which is arranged outside the energy storage cabinet; The high-voltage box is arranged inside the energy storage cabinet.

10. A thermal management method for an energy storage system, applied to the energy storage system according to claim 9, characterized in that: include, Collect relevant data in the energy storage cabinet, including basic data of single battery cells, adiabatic temperature rise and heat generation at different temperatures and rates; Real-time monitoring of the battery pole temperature T1 and the bottom surface temperature T2 of the single battery cell (101) to calculate the battery cell temperature difference ΔT1; since each battery pack is composed of a plurality of single battery cells (101), the battery cell temperature difference in each battery pack is calculated, and the temperature difference value of the battery cell with the largest temperature difference in the energy storage cabinet is found, which is recorded as MAXΔT1; Real-time monitoring of battery pack module temperature rise ΔT2; According to the basic data of different battery cell temperatures, different rates, and different SOC charge and discharge, preset the battery pack module temperature uniformity threshold ΔT0, battery cell temperature difference threshold ΔT3, battery cell temperature level 1 threshold T4, and battery cell temperature level 2 threshold T3; Detect battery charge and discharge status, power, voltage, temperature and other information. When the system is working below 0.5P, air cooling is not turned on. When charging, if the temperature is greater than T4, liquid cooling self-circulation is turned on. When discharging, if the temperature is greater than T3, liquid cooling is turned on. When the battery temperature change trend exceeds ΔT0, the liquid cooling power is increased. When the charge and discharge power exceeds 0.5P, determine whether the battery cell temperature difference MAXΔT1 is greater than ΔT0. If there is a risk of exceeding the standard, turn on the air cooling unit and adjust the air cooling power.

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