Testing device and method for high-temperature and high-pressure water-water passive residual discharge heat exchanger directly soaked in seawater

Abstract

The embodiment of the invention provides a thermal test device and method for a high-temperature and high-pressure water-water passive residual discharge heat exchanger directly soaked in seawater. The device comprises a passive residual discharge heat exchanger, a hot water circulating pump, an electric heater, a loop make-up water pump, a water tank cooling pump, a water tank flowing circulating pump, a cooling water tank cooler, a nitrogen pressure stabilizer, a loop make-up water tank, a multifunctional test auxiliary water tank, a first check valve, a first electric stop valve, a first electric control valve, a second check valve and a second electric stop valve. The system comprises a third electric stop valve, a third check valve, a second electric control valve, a fourth electric stop valve, a fourth check valve, a third electric control valve, a fifth electric stop valve, a bypass control valve, a sixth electric stop valve, a first flow meter, a second flow meter, a third flow meter, a fourth flow meter, a first temperature sensor, a second temperature sensor and a third temperature sensor. A fourth temperature sensor, a fifth temperature sensor, a seventh electric stop valve, an eighth electric stop valve and a cooling water tank. According to the technical scheme, the actual operation condition of the passive residual discharge heat exchanger can be conveniently simulated, stable control over the small-flow flowing condition of the hot side is achieved, and control over the small-flow flowing condition and the steady-state temperature condition of the cold side is achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of ship propulsion technology, and in particular to a test device and method for a high-temperature and high-pressure water-water passive exhaust heat exchanger directly immersed in seawater. Background Art

[0002] In the field of ship propulsion, the role of the passive waste heat removal system is to remove the decay heat of the reactor to the final heat sink through natural circulation when the entire ship loses power. In a typical design, the hot side of the passive waste heat exchanger is high-temperature and high-pressure water, and the cold side is seawater outside the ship. For this type of high-temperature and high-pressure water-water passive waste heat exchanger directly immersed in seawater, its thermal engineering assessment test is mainly different from the conventional heat exchanger assessment test in the following ways:

[0003] (1) For conventional heat exchangers, the temperature and flow rate of the hot and cold sides of the heat exchanger are basically stable during operation, and these stable test conditions are used in thermal tests. For passive residual heat removal heat exchangers, the temperature and flow rate of the hot and cold sides of the heat exchanger are constantly changing with the shutdown time, overboard seawater temperature and other conditions during operation. Therefore, one or more typical operating conditions need to be proposed during the design process.

[0004] (2) The passive exhaust heat exchanger directly immersed in seawater does not have the concept of the shell side of a conventional heat exchanger, so it is necessary to simulate the flow and temperature conditions of the seawater outside the ship.

[0005] (3) Since the principle is natural circulation heat exchange, the flow rates on the hot and cold sides of the passive exhaust heat exchanger are relatively low when it is in operation. It is difficult to adjust to the parameters required for the test assessment by directly using a regulating valve.

[0006] (4) It is necessary to improve the versatility of the passive exhaust heat exchanger test system as much as possible, and the test system can be easily applied to other water-water circulation natural circulation heat exchangers. Summary of the invention

[0007] In response to the need for thermal assessment testing of high-temperature and high-pressure water-water passive waste heat removal heat exchangers directly immersed in seawater, an embodiment of the present invention proposes a thermal testing scheme for high-temperature and high-pressure water-water passive waste heat removal heat exchangers directly immersed in seawater. This technical scheme can conveniently simulate the actual operating conditions of the passive waste heat exchanger, achieve stable control of small flow conditions on the hot side, and achieve control of small flow conditions and steady-state temperature conditions on the cold side.

[0008] An embodiment of the present invention provides a test device for a high-temperature and high-pressure water-water passive exhaust heat exchanger directly immersed in seawater, the test device comprising:

[0009] Passive waste heat exchanger 1, hot water circulation pump 2, electric heater 3, loop water supply pump 4, water tank cooling pump 5, water tank flow circulation pump 6, cooling water tank cooler 7, nitrogen pressure stabilizer 8, loop water supply tank 9, multifunctional test auxiliary water tank 10, first check valve 11, first electric stop valve 12, first electric regulating valve 13, second check valve 14, second electric stop valve 15, third electric stop valve 16, third check valve 17, second electric regulating valve 18, fourth electric stop valve 19, fourth check valve 20, third electric regulating valve 21, fifth electric stop valve 22, bypass regulating valve 23, sixth electric stop valve 24, first flow meter 25, second flow meter 26, third flow meter 27, fourth flow meter 28, first temperature sensor 29, second temperature sensor 30, third temperature sensor 31, fourth temperature sensor 32, fifth temperature sensor 33, seventh electric stop valve 35, eighth electric stop valve 36 and cooling water tank 34;

[0010] The cooling water tank 34 is used to contain cooling liquid, and the passive waste heat exchanger 1 is arranged in the cooling water tank 34. The output end of the passive waste heat exchanger 1, the third electric stop valve 16, the hot water circulation pump 2, the first check valve 11, the first electric stop valve 12, the electric heater 3, the seventh electric stop valve 35, the first electric regulating valve 13, the first flow meter 25, the second flow meter 26, the eighth electric stop valve 36, and the input end of the passive waste heat exchanger 1 are connected in sequence through pipelines, and the pipelines at the output end and the input end of the passive waste heat exchanger 1 are correspondingly connected with the first temperature sensor 29 and the second temperature sensor 30;

[0011] The loop water supply tank 9 is connected to between the first flow meter 25 and the second flow meter 26 through the loop water supply pump 4, the second check valve 14, and the second electric stop valve 15 in sequence;

[0012] The nitrogen pressure regulator 8 is connected to between the first flow meter 25 and the second flow meter 26 via the sixth electric stop valve 24;

[0013] A bypass pipeline having a bypass regulating valve 23 is connected between the third electric stop valve 16 and the hot water circulation pump 2 and between the first flow meter 25 and the second flow meter 26;

[0014] The cooling water tank cooler 7 is arranged in the cooling water tank 34, and is used to cool the cooling liquid contained in the cooling water tank 34. The output end of the cooling water tank cooler 7, the fifth electric stop valve 22, the third flow meter 27, the multifunctional test auxiliary water tank 10, the water tank cooling pump 5, the fourth check valve 20, the third electric regulating valve 21, and the input end of the cooling water tank cooler 7 are connected in sequence through pipelines, and the pipelines at the output end and the input end of the cooling water tank cooler 7 are correspondingly connected with the fourth temperature sensor 32 and the third temperature sensor 31;

[0015] The output end of the cooling water tank 34, the fourth electric stop valve 19, the fourth flow meter 28, the multifunctional test auxiliary water tank 10, the water tank flow circulation pump 6, the third check valve 17, the second electric regulating valve 18, and the input end of the cooling water tank 34 are connected in sequence through pipelines, and the cooling water tank 34 is connected to the fifth temperature sensor 33 for detecting the temperature of the cooling liquid contained in the cooling water tank 34.

[0016] In some embodiments, the rated heat exchange capacity of the electric heater 3 is greater than twice the rated heat exchange capacity of the passive exhaust heat exchanger 1 .

[0017] In some embodiments, the rated heat exchange capacity of the cooling water tank cooler 7 is greater than the rated heat exchange capacity of the passive exhaust heat exchanger 1 .

[0018] An embodiment of the present invention provides a test method, based on the high-temperature and high-pressure water-water passive exhaust heat exchanger test device directly immersed in seawater as described in any of the above embodiments, the method comprises the following steps:

[0019] When the passive waste heat exchanger 1 is tested and assessed, it is first debugged in a cold state, the first electric stop valve 12, the third electric stop valve 16, and the sixth electric stop valve 24 are opened, the opening of the first electric regulating valve 13 and the bypass regulating valve 23 are increased, the hot water circulation pump 2 is started, and the flow through the passive waste heat exchanger 1 is adjusted to the vicinity of the hot side flow specified in the test and assessment working conditions of the passive waste heat exchanger 1 by charging the nitrogen pressurizer 8 and starting the loop water supply pump 4 by adjusting the opening of the first electric regulating valve 13 and the bypass regulating valve 23;

[0020] Open the fourth electric stop valve 19, start the water tank flow circulation pump 6, and adjust the flow rate of the water in the cooling water tank 34 to the vicinity of the cold side medium flow rate specified in the test and assessment conditions of the passive exhaust heat exchanger 1 by adjusting the second electric regulating valve 18;

[0021] Open the fifth electric stop valve 22, start the water tank cooling pump 5, and adjust the flow rate in the cooling water tank cooler 7 to near the calculated value by adjusting the third electric regulating valve 21;

[0022] After the cold state debugging is completed, the electric heater 3 is started, and the electric power is adjusted to the rated heat exchange capacity of the heat exchanger specified in the test and assessment working condition of the passive waste heat exchanger 1 by adjusting the power, and the hot side temperature of the passive waste heat exchanger 1 is gradually increased. When the second temperature sensor 30 reaches the hot side temperature of the heat exchanger specified in the test and assessment working condition of the passive waste heat exchanger 1, the temperature in the cooling water tank 34 is adjusted to the cold side medium temperature specified in the test and assessment working condition of the passive waste heat exchanger 1 by adjusting the opening of the third electric regulating valve 21;

[0023] When the parameters of the second temperature sensor 30 and the fifth temperature sensor 33 are stable, the system reaches the test and assessment conditions specified for the passive waste heat exchanger 1. At this time, through the second flow meter 26, the parameters of the second temperature sensor 30, the third temperature sensor 31, and the fifth temperature sensor 33 obtain the required test parameters, and calculate the heat exchange power of the passive waste heat exchanger 1.

[0024] The beneficial effects of the above embodiments of the present invention include:

[0025] The hot side flow and temperature conditions of the passive exhaust heat exchanger are realized through a set of electric heating and nitrogen pressure stabilization test circuits; the small flow conditions of the hot side of the passive exhaust heat exchanger are realized by the regulating valve and the bypass branch, in which the bypass branch contributes to a greater flow regulation effect; the small flow conditions of the cold side medium of the passive exhaust heat exchanger are realized by controlling the flow of the medium entering the cooling water tank; the cold side medium temperature of the passive exhaust heat exchanger is controlled by the cooling heat exchanger set inside the cooling water tank, and the corresponding cooling heat exchanger is configured according to the designed heat exchange capacity of the passive exhaust heat exchanger. The heat exchange capacity of the cooling heat exchanger is adjusted by the temperature measurement conditions set inside the cooling water tank. If necessary, it can be considered to disperse multiple cooling heat exchangers on both sides of the water tank to achieve the stability of the medium temperature in the cooling water tank. The cooling water tank is coated with thermal insulation materials to reduce external heat dissipation and enhance the temperature stability control effect of the medium in the cooling water tank.

[0026] The hot side test circuit of the thermal engineering test scheme for high temperature and high pressure water-water passive exhaust heat exchanger directly immersed in seawater proposed in the embodiment of the present invention is simple in principle, quick to set up, and highly reusable. The small flow conditions on the hot side can be easily adjusted by the common adjustment method of the regulating valve and the bypass system. By arranging a heat exchanger in the cooling water tank and adjusting the flow rate of the medium entering the cooling water tank, the flow and temperature conditions of the medium on the cold side of the heat exchanger can be easily controlled and adjusted. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0027] The drawings illustrate generally, by way of example and not limitation, various embodiments discussed herein.

[0028] Figure 1 It is a schematic structural diagram of a test device for a high-temperature and high-pressure water-water passive exhaust heat exchanger directly immersed in seawater according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0029] Explanation of symbols:

[0030] 1- passive waste heat exchanger, 2- hot water circulation pump, 3- electric heater, 4- loop water supply pump, 5- water tank cooling pump, 6- water tank flow circulation pump, 7- cooling water tank cooler, 8- nitrogen regulator, 9- loop water supply tank, 10- multi-function test auxiliary water tank, 11- first check valve, 12- first electric stop valve, 13- first electric regulating valve, 14- second check valve, 15- second electric stop valve, 16- third electric stop valve, 17- third check valve, 18- second electric regulating valve, 19- fourth Electric stop valve, 20-fourth check valve, 21-third electric regulating valve, 22-fifth electric stop valve, 23-bypass regulating valve, 24-sixth electric stop valve, 25-first flow meter, 26-second flow meter, 27-third flow meter, 28-fourth flow meter, 29-first temperature sensor, 30-second temperature sensor, 31-third temperature sensor, 32-fourth temperature sensor, 33-fifth temperature sensor, 34-cooling water tank, 35-seventh electric stop valve, 36-eighth electric stop valve. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0031] In order to enable a more detailed understanding of the features and technical contents of the embodiments of the present application, the implementation of the embodiments of the present application is described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. The attached drawings are for reference only and are not used to limit the embodiments of the present application.

[0032] In the embodiments of the present application, it should be noted that, unless otherwise specified and limited, the term "connection" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it can be an electrical connection or a connection between two components. It can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0033] It should be noted that the terms "first\second\third" involved in the embodiments of the present application are only used to distinguish similar objects, and do not represent a specific order for the objects. It is understandable that the specific order or sequence of "first\second\third" can be interchanged where permitted. It should be understood that the objects distinguished by "first\second\third" can be interchanged where appropriate, so that the embodiments of the present application described herein can be implemented in an order other than those illustrated or described herein.

[0034] In response to the need for thermal assessment testing of high-temperature and high-pressure water-water passive waste heat removal heat exchangers directly immersed in seawater, an embodiment of the present invention proposes a thermal testing scheme for high-temperature and high-pressure water-water passive waste heat removal heat exchangers directly immersed in seawater. This technical scheme can conveniently simulate the actual operating conditions of the passive waste heat exchanger, achieve stable control of small flow conditions on the hot side, and achieve control of small flow conditions and steady-state temperature conditions on the cold side.

[0035] The following is combined with Figure 1 The embodiments of the present invention are described in detail. Figure 1 It is a schematic structural diagram of a test device for a high-temperature and high-pressure water-water passive exhaust heat exchanger directly immersed in seawater according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0036] The embodiment of the present invention provides a test device for a high-temperature and high-pressure water-water passive exhaust heat exchanger directly immersed in seawater, such as Figure 1 As shown, the device includes: a passive waste heat exchanger 1, a hot water circulation pump 2, an electric heater 3, a loop water supply pump 4, a water tank cooling pump 5, a water tank flow circulation pump 6, a cooling water tank cooler 7, a nitrogen regulator 8, a loop water supply tank 9, a multifunctional test auxiliary water tank 10, a first check valve 11, a first electric stop valve 12, a first electric regulating valve 13, a second check valve 14, a second electric stop valve 15, a third electric stop valve 16, a third check valve 17, a second electric regulating valve 18, a fourth electric stop valve 19, a fourth check valve 20, a third electric regulating valve 21, a fifth electric stop valve 22, a bypass regulating valve 23, a sixth electric stop valve 24, a first flow meter 25, a second flow meter 26, a third flow meter 27, a fourth flow meter 28, a first temperature sensor 29, a second temperature sensor 30, a third temperature sensor 31, a fourth temperature sensor 32, a fifth temperature sensor 33, a seventh electric stop valve 35, an eighth electric stop valve 36 and a cooling water tank 34.

[0037] The cooling water tank 34 is used to contain cooling liquid, and the passive waste heat exchanger 1 is arranged in the cooling water tank 34. The output end of the passive waste heat exchanger 1, the third electric stop valve 16, the hot water circulation pump 2, the first check valve 11, the first electric stop valve 12, the electric heater 3, the seventh electric stop valve 35, the first electric regulating valve 13, the first flow meter 25, the second flow meter 26, the eighth electric stop valve 36, and the input end of the passive waste heat exchanger 1 are connected in sequence through pipelines, and the pipelines at the output end and the input end of the passive waste heat exchanger 1 are correspondingly connected with the first temperature sensor 29 and the second temperature sensor 30.

[0038] The loop water supply tank 9 is connected to between the first flow meter 25 and the second flow meter 26 through the loop water supply pump 4, the second check valve 14, and the second electric stop valve 15 in sequence.

[0039] The nitrogen pressure regulator 8 is connected between the first flow meter 25 and the second flow meter 26 via the sixth electric stop valve 24 .

[0040] A bypass pipeline provided with a bypass regulating valve 23 is connected between the third electric stop valve 16 and the hot water circulation pump 2 and between the first flow meter 25 and the second flow meter 26 .

[0041] The cooling water tank cooler 7 is arranged in the cooling water tank 34, and is used for cooling the cooling liquid contained in the cooling water tank 34. The output end of the cooling water tank cooler 7, the fifth electric stop valve 22, the third flow meter 27, the multi-functional test auxiliary water tank 10, the water tank cooling pump 5, the fourth check valve 20, the third electric regulating valve 21, and the input end of the cooling water tank cooler 7 are connected in sequence through pipelines, and the pipelines at the output end and the input end of the cooling water tank cooler 7 are correspondingly connected with the fourth temperature sensor 32 and the third temperature sensor 31.

[0042] The output end of the cooling water tank 34, the fourth electric stop valve 19, the fourth flow meter 28, the multi-functional test auxiliary water tank 10, the water tank flow circulation pump 6, the third check valve 17, the second electric regulating valve 18, and the input end of the cooling water tank 34 are connected in sequence through pipelines. The cooling water tank 34 is connected to a fifth temperature sensor 33 for detecting the temperature of the cooling liquid contained in the cooling water tank 34.

[0043] According to the rated heat exchange capacity of the heat exchanger specified in the test and assessment conditions of the passive waste heat exchanger 1, configure the electric heater 3 and the cooling water tank cooler 7 of appropriate capacity. The capacity of the electric heater should be more than twice the rated heat exchange capacity of the passive waste heat exchanger 1, and the heat exchange capacity of the cooling water tank cooler 7 should be higher than the rated heat exchange capacity of the passive waste heat exchanger 1. According to the parameters such as the hot side flow rate and the flow velocity of the water body inside the cooling water tank 34 specified in the test and assessment conditions of the passive waste heat exchanger 1, configure the appropriate water tank cooling pump 5 and water tank flow circulation pump 6. According to the pressure parameters specified in the test and assessment conditions of the passive waste heat exchanger 1, configure the appropriate loop water supply pump 4 and nitrogen regulator 8. The design pressure of the nitrogen regulator 8 and the outlet pressure of the loop water supply pump 4 should be higher than the pressure specified in the test and assessment conditions of the passive waste heat exchanger 1.

[0044] In some embodiments, the rated heat exchange capacity of the electric heater 3 is greater than twice the rated heat exchange capacity of the passive exhaust heat exchanger 1 .

[0045] In some embodiments, the rated heat exchange capacity of the cooling water tank cooler 7 is greater than the rated heat exchange capacity of the passive exhaust heat exchanger 1 .

[0046] In the embodiment of the present invention, the passive exhaust heat exchanger 1 is the target device for the test. The multifunctional test auxiliary water tank 10 has the function of an air cooling tower.

[0047] An embodiment of the present invention provides a test method, based on a high-temperature and high-pressure water-water passive exhaust heat exchanger test device directly immersed in seawater as in any of the above embodiments, the method comprises the following steps:

[0048] When the passive waste heat exchanger 1 is tested and assessed, it is first debugged in a cold state, the first electric stop valve 12, the third electric stop valve 16, and the sixth electric stop valve 24 are opened, the opening of the first electric regulating valve 13 and the bypass regulating valve 23 are increased, the hot water circulation pump 2 is started, and the flow through the passive waste heat exchanger 1 is adjusted to near the hot side flow specified in the test and assessment working conditions of the passive waste heat exchanger 1 by charging the nitrogen pressurizer 8 and starting the loop water supply pump 4 by adjusting the opening of the first electric regulating valve 13 and the bypass regulating valve 23.

[0049] Open the fourth electric stop valve 19, start the water tank flow circulation pump 6, and adjust the flow rate of the water inside the cooling water tank 34 to near the cold side medium flow rate specified in the test and assessment conditions of the passive exhaust heat exchanger 1 by adjusting the second electric regulating valve 18.

[0050] The fifth electric stop valve 22 is opened, the water tank cooling pump 5 is started, and the flow rate in the cooling water tank cooler 7 is adjusted to be close to the calculated value by adjusting the third electric regulating valve 21 .

[0051] After the cold state debugging is completed, start the electric heater 3, adjust the electric power to the rated heat exchanger of the heat exchanger specified in the test and assessment conditions of the passive waste heat exchanger 1 by adjusting the power, and gradually increase the hot side temperature of the passive waste heat exchanger 1. When the second temperature sensor 30 reaches the hot side temperature of the heat exchanger specified in the test and assessment conditions of the passive waste heat exchanger 1, adjust the temperature in the cooling water tank 34 to the cold side medium temperature specified in the test and assessment conditions of the passive waste heat exchanger 1 by adjusting the opening of the third electric regulating valve 21.

[0052] When the parameters of the second temperature sensor 30 and the fifth temperature sensor 33 are stable, the system reaches the test and assessment conditions specified for the passive waste heat exchanger 1. At this time, the parameters of the second temperature sensor 30, the third temperature sensor 31, and the fifth temperature sensor 33 are used to obtain the required test parameters through the second flow meter 26, and the heat exchange power of the passive waste heat exchanger 1 is calculated.

[0053] The present invention proposes a thermal engineering test scheme for a high-temperature and high-pressure water-water passive exhaust heat exchanger directly immersed in seawater. The test scheme includes a passive exhaust heat exchanger, a hot water circulation pump, an electric heater, a voltage stabilizer, a loop water supply tank, a loop water supply pump, a cooling water tank, a cooling water tank cooler, a water tank cooling pump, a water tank flow circulation pump, pipelines, an insulation layer and other pipeline accessories.

[0054] In the above-mentioned embodiment of the present invention, the flow and temperature conditions on the hot side of the passive exhaust heat exchanger are realized by a set of electric heating and nitrogen pressure stabilization test circuits.

[0055] In the above-mentioned embodiment of the present invention, the small flow condition on the hot side of the passive exhaust heat exchanger is achieved by the regulating valve and the bypass branch, wherein the bypass branch contributes to a greater flow regulation effect.

[0056] In the above-mentioned embodiment of the present invention, the small flow condition of the medium on the cold side of the passive exhaust heat exchanger is achieved by controlling the flow rate of the medium entering the cooling water tank.

[0057] In the above embodiment of the present invention, the temperature of the medium on the cold side of the passive exhaust heat exchanger is controlled by the cooling heat exchanger arranged inside the cooling water tank. The corresponding cooling heat exchanger is configured according to the designed heat exchange capacity of the passive exhaust heat exchanger. The heat exchange capacity of the cooling heat exchanger is adjusted by the temperature measurement condition arranged inside the cooling water tank. If necessary, it is possible to consider dispersing multiple cooling heat exchangers on both sides of the water tank to achieve the stability of the medium temperature in the cooling water tank. The cooling water tank is coated with thermal insulation material to reduce external heat dissipation and enhance the effect of stable control of the medium temperature in the cooling water tank.

[0058] The hot side test circuit of the thermal engineering test scheme for high temperature and high pressure water-water passive exhaust heat exchanger directly immersed in seawater proposed in the embodiment of the present invention is simple in principle, quick to set up, and highly reusable. The small flow conditions on the hot side can be easily adjusted by the common adjustment method of the regulating valve and the bypass system. By arranging a heat exchanger in the cooling water tank and adjusting the flow rate of the medium entering the cooling water tank, the flow and temperature conditions of the medium on the cold side of the heat exchanger can be easily controlled and adjusted.

[0059] The technical solutions described in the embodiments of the present application can be combined arbitrarily without conflict.

[0060] The above is only a specific implementation of the present application, but the protection scope of the present application is not limited thereto. Any person skilled in the art who is familiar with the present technical field can easily think of changes or substitutions within the technical scope disclosed in the present application, which should be included in the protection scope of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present application should be based on the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A test device for high-temperature and high-pressure water-water passive exhaust heat exchanger directly immersed in seawater, characterized in that: The test device comprises: Passive waste heat exchanger (1), hot water circulation pump (2), electric heater (3), loop water supply pump (4), water tank cooling pump (5), water tank flow circulation pump (6), cooling water tank cooler (7), nitrogen pressure stabilizer (8), loop water supply tank (9), multifunctional test auxiliary water tank (10), first check valve (11), first electric stop valve (12), first electric regulating valve (13), second check valve (14), second electric stop valve (15), third electric stop valve (16), third check valve (17), second electric regulating valve (18), fourth electric stop valve a check valve (19), a fourth check valve (20), a third electric regulating valve (21), a fifth electric stop valve (22), a bypass regulating valve (23), a sixth electric stop valve (24), a first flow meter (25), a second flow meter (26), a third flow meter (27), a fourth flow meter (28), a first temperature sensor (29), a second temperature sensor (30), a third temperature sensor (31), a fourth temperature sensor (32), a fifth temperature sensor (33), a seventh electric stop valve (35), an eighth electric stop valve (36) and a cooling water tank (34); The cooling water tank (34) is used to contain cooling liquid. The passive waste heat exchanger (1) is arranged in the cooling water tank (34). The output end of the passive waste heat exchanger (1), the third electric stop valve (16), the hot water circulation pump (2), the first check valve (11), the first electric stop valve (12), the electric heater (3), the seventh electric stop valve (35), the first electric regulating valve (13), the first flow meter (25), the second flow meter (26), the eighth electric stop valve (36), and the input end of the passive waste heat exchanger (1) are connected in sequence through pipelines. The pipelines at the output end and the input end of the passive waste heat exchanger (1) are correspondingly connected to the first temperature sensor (29) and the second temperature sensor (30); The loop water supply tank (9) is connected to between the first flow meter (25) and the second flow meter (26) through the loop water supply pump (4), the second check valve (14), and the second electric stop valve (15) in sequence; The nitrogen pressure regulator (8) is connected to between the first flow meter (25) and the second flow meter (26) via the sixth electric stop valve (24); A bypass pipeline provided with a bypass regulating valve (23) is connected between the third electric stop valve (16) and the hot water circulation pump (2) and between the first flow meter (25) and the second flow meter (26); The cooling water tank cooler (7) is arranged in the cooling water tank (34) and is used to cool the cooling liquid contained in the cooling water tank (34); the output end of the cooling water tank cooler (7), the fifth electric stop valve (22), the third flow meter (27), the multifunctional test auxiliary water tank (10), the water tank cooling pump (5), the fourth check valve (20), the third electric regulating valve (21), and the input end of the cooling water tank cooler (7) are connected in sequence through pipelines; the pipelines at the output end and the input end of the cooling water tank cooler (7) are correspondingly connected to the fourth temperature sensor (32) and the third temperature sensor (31); The output end of the cooling water tank (34), the fourth electric stop valve (19), the fourth flow meter (28), the multifunctional test auxiliary water tank (10), the water tank flow circulation pump (6), the third check valve (17), the second electric regulating valve (18), and the input end of the cooling water tank (34) are connected in sequence through pipelines, and the cooling water tank (34) is connected to the fifth temperature sensor (33) for detecting the temperature of the cooling liquid contained in the cooling water tank (34).

2. The high-temperature and high-pressure water-water passive exhaust heat exchanger test device directly immersed in seawater according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The rated heat exchange capacity of the electric heater (3) is greater than twice the rated heat exchange capacity of the passive waste heat exchanger (1).

3. The high-temperature and high-pressure water-water passive exhaust heat exchanger test device directly immersed in seawater according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The rated heat exchange capacity of the cooling water tank cooler (7) is greater than the rated heat exchange capacity of the passive waste heat exchanger (1).

4. A test method, characterized in that: Based on the high temperature and high pressure water-water passive exhaust heat exchanger test device directly immersed in seawater as described in any one of claims 1 to 3, the method comprises the following steps: When the passive waste heat exchanger (1) is tested and assessed, it is first debugged in a cold state, the first electric stop valve (12), the third electric stop valve (16), and the sixth electric stop valve (24) are opened, the openings of the first electric regulating valve (13) and the bypass regulating valve (23) are increased, the hot water circulation pump (2) is started, and the flow rate through the passive waste heat exchanger (1) is adjusted to near the hot side flow rate specified in the test and assessment working conditions of the passive waste heat exchanger (1) by charging the nitrogen pressure stabilizer (8) and starting the loop water supply pump (4) by adjusting the openings of the first electric regulating valve (13) and the bypass regulating valve (23); Open the fourth electric stop valve (19), start the water tank flow circulation pump (6), and adjust the flow rate of the water inside the cooling water tank (34) to near the cold side medium flow rate specified in the test assessment working condition of the passive waste heat exchanger (1) by adjusting the second electric regulating valve (18); Open the fifth electric stop valve (22), start the water tank cooling pump (5), and adjust the flow rate in the cooling water tank cooler (7) to a value close to the calculated value by adjusting the third electric regulating valve (21); After the cold state debugging is completed, the electric heater (3) is started, and the electric power is adjusted to the rated heat exchange capacity of the heat exchanger specified in the test and assessment working condition of the passive waste heat exchanger (1) by adjusting the power, and the hot side temperature of the passive waste heat exchanger (1) is gradually increased. When the second temperature sensor (30) reaches the hot side temperature of the heat exchanger specified in the test and assessment working condition of the passive waste heat exchanger (1), the temperature in the cooling water tank (34) is adjusted to the cold side medium temperature specified in the test and assessment working condition of the passive waste heat exchanger (1) by adjusting the opening of the third electric regulating valve (21); When the parameters of the second temperature sensor (30) and the fifth temperature sensor (33) are stable, the system reaches the test and assessment conditions specified for the passive waste heat exchanger (1). At this time, the required test parameters are obtained through the second flow meter (26), the second temperature sensor (30), the third temperature sensor (31), and the fifth temperature sensor (33), and the heat exchange power of the passive waste heat exchanger (1) is calculated.

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