MMG operation method considering hydrogen energy utilization and stepped green certificate-carbon transaction

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of multi-microgrid cooperative operation optimization scheduling, in particular to an MMG operation method considering hydrogen energy utilization and stepped green certificate-carbon transaction, and the method comprises the steps: constructing a multi-microgrid model of multiple energy forms, meeting the internal energy demands through multiple energies and energy supply equipment, and refining the P2G two-stage operation process; further limiting carbon emission by adopting a stepped green certificate-carbon transaction mechanism, and establishing stepped carbon transaction cost and stepped green certificate transaction cost in carbon transaction; an MMG cooperative operation model under a green certificate-carbon transaction mechanism is established, and the purpose is to minimize the total operation cost; constructing constraint conditions including an energy balance constraint, an energy equipment operation constraint, an external contact constraint, an energy storage equipment operation constraint and an internal electric energy interaction constraint; a Nash bargaining cooperative game model is used for decomposing into a sub-problem I MMG cooperative operation cost minimization and a sub-problem II internal electric energy transaction bargaining problem, and then an ADMM algorithm is used for distributed solution.

Description

Background Art

[0002] my country vigorously promotes low-carbon policies and constructs a new power system with new energy as the main body. In the same area, multiple adjacent interconnected MGs appear, forming a multi-microgrid (MMG) system. In order to realize the power trading and benefit distribution of each MG, it is of great practical significance to study the cooperative operation and optimization scheduling between MGs. On the one hand, the cooperative operation of multi-microgrids under the green certificate-carbon trading mechanism can give play to the complementary characteristics of green certificates and carbon trading mechanisms, increase the consumption of renewable energy, and improve the economic benefits of the system; on the other hand, MMGs can realize internal power interaction through mutual cooperation and Nash bargaining, and reduce the operating costs of each MG. The proposed optimization method has good economic efficiency and feasibility as a whole. The green certificate-carbon trading joint mechanism can control the total carbon emissions of the MMG system, and on this basis, the cooperative operation of MMGs can further stimulate the low-carbon potential of the system, and the overall carbon emissions of the regional power system are reduced. The distributed optimization algorithm based on ADMM can quickly and efficiently solve the Nash bargaining model of MMG cooperative operation, and only exchange part of the information in the solution process, so as to better protect the privacy of each MG. In subsequent studies, the impact of renewable energy uncertainty on the cooperative optimization operation of MMG will be further explored. The present invention innovatively introduces the GCT mechanism and CET mechanism in the MMG system, and proposes an MMG cooperative operation optimization method that considers the diversified utilization of hydrogen energy and the ladder green certificate-carbon joint trading mechanism. Existing research mainly focuses on large-scale power systems, and the GCT mechanism is consistent with the development concept of MG, but few studies have been applied to the MG field, and with the addition of hydrogen energy devices, it is more low-carbon economic. Summary of the invention

[0003] The main purpose of the present invention is to provide an MMG operation method that takes into account hydrogen energy utilization and ladder green certificate-carbon trading, and effectively solves the above-mentioned problems mentioned in the background technology.

[0004] The technical solution of the present invention is as follows:

[0005] A MMG operation method considering hydrogen energy utilization and ladder green certificate-carbon trading is proposed, which includes the following steps:

[0006] S1. Build a multi-microgrid model with various energy forms, meet internal energy needs through various energy sources and energy supply equipment, and refine the two-stage operation process of P2G;

[0007] S2. Adopt a tiered green certificate-carbon trading mechanism to further limit carbon emissions and establish tiered carbon trading costs and tiered green certificate trading costs in carbon trading;

[0008] S3. Establish an MMG cooperative operation model under the green certificate-carbon trading mechanism, with the goal of minimizing the total operating cost, which includes gas purchase cost, grid electricity interaction cost, grid access fee cost, demand response cost and wind and solar power abandonment cost;

[0009] S4. Constructing constraint conditions, wherein the constraint conditions include energy balance constraint, energy equipment operation constraint, external communication constraint, energy storage equipment operation constraint, and internal power interaction constraint;

[0010] S5. Use the Nash bargaining cooperative game model to decompose it into sub-problem I: minimization of MMG cooperative operation cost and sub-problem II: internal power transaction bargaining problem, and then use the ADMM algorithm for distributed solution.

[0011] A further improvement of the present invention is that the multi-microgrid model of multiple energy forms in S1 includes: constructing a combined power and heat generation model, and the working model expression of the adjustable power-to-heat ratio model CHP is:

[0012]

[0013] Where: P g,CHP (t) is the natural gas power input to CHP during period t; P CHP,e (t), P CHP,h (t) are the electricity and heat energy output by CHP in period t, respectively; are the efficiencies of CHP conversion into electricity and heat respectively; Pmaxg,CHP, Pming,CHP, ΔPming,CHP are the upper and lower limits of the natural gas power input into CHP respectively; They are the upper and lower limits of the CHP climbing slope, respectively; They are the upper and lower limits of the thermal-to-electricity ratio of CHP, respectively;

[0014] A P2G model is constructed, and the expression of the P2G model is:

[0015]

[0016] In the formula, are respectively the gas production power and power consumption of P2G at time t; is the P2G gas production efficiency, which is 85%; are the volumes of CO2 absorbed and natural gas produced by P2G at time t, respectively; It is the low calorific value of natural gas; is the amount of CO2 consumed by P2G at time t; is the density of CO2; They are the upper and lower limits of P2G power consumption respectively;

[0017] An electrolytic cell model is constructed, and the expression of the electrolytic cell model is:

[0018]

[0019] In the formula, is the electrical energy input to EL during period t; is the hydrogen energy output by EL during period t; η EL is the energy conversion efficiency of EL; They are the upper and lower limits of the input electric energy EL respectively; They are the upper and lower limits of EL climbing respectively;

[0020] A methane reactor model is constructed, and the expression of the methane reactor model is:

[0021]

[0022] In the formula, Enter the hydrogen energy of MR for period t; is the natural gas power output by MR during the period; η MR is the energy conversion efficiency of MR; are the upper and lower limits of hydrogen energy input to MR respectively; They are the upper and lower limits of MR climbing respectively;

[0023] Construct a hydrogen fuel cell model. The HFC model expression with adjustable thermal-electric ratio is as follows:

[0024]

[0025] Where: The hydrogen energy of HFC input for period t; are the electricity and heat energy output by HFC during period t, respectively; are the efficiency of HFC conversion into electricity and heat, respectively; They are the upper and lower limits of hydrogen energy for input HFC respectively; are the upper and lower limits of HFC climbing respectively; k HFCmax , k HFCmin They are the upper and lower limits of the heat-to-electricity ratio of HFC respectively.

[0026] A further improvement of the present invention is that the step-by-step carbon trading cost and step-by-step green certificate trading cost in carbon trading in S2 adopt a step-by-step carbon trading mechanism. The content is:

[0027]

[0028] Where: E tra Carbon quotas for trading; is the actual amount of CO2 emitted; E free is the system free carbon quota; T is the scheduling period; is the benchmark transaction price in the carbon trading market; L CTM is the length of the carbon trading interval; τ is the price increase rate after the quota exceeds the standard;

[0029] The transaction cost of the tiered green certificate The content is:

[0030]

[0031] N GCT =N obt -N nec

[0032] In the formula, λ GCT is the basic transaction price of green certificates; L GCT is the length of the ladder green certificate trading interval; α, κ are the compensation factor and penalty factor when exceeding or falling short of the government quota indicator; N GCT N is the number of green certificates participating in the ladder green certificate transaction; nec The amount of green certificates required to meet the indicator; N obt The number of green certificates obtained for the enterprise.

[0033] A further improvement of the present invention is that the MMG cooperative operation model under the green certificate-carbon trading mechanism established in S3 includes introducing the GCT mechanism and the CET mechanism into the MMG system. In the MMG cooperative operation mode, the operation goal of each MG is to minimize the total operation cost. The specific contents are as follows:

[0034]

[0035] Gas purchase cost:

[0036] C natural,i (t) = c natural [V gas (t)+V boiler (t)]

[0037] Where: V gas (t), V boiler (t) is the gas demand of gas turbine and gas boiler in microgrid i; c natural is the unit price of natural gas;

[0038] Cost of interacting with grid electricity:

[0039] C PE,i (t) = c b (t)P b,i (t)-c s (t)P s,i(t)

[0040] Where: c b (t), c s (t) is the price of purchasing and selling electricity from the power grid; P s,i (t) is the amount of electricity sold by microgrid i to the grid;

[0041] Internal power interaction cost:

[0042]

[0043] Where: N is the number of MGs in the MMG system; ρ i-j (t) is the electricity price that microgrid i expects to trade with microgrid j; P i-j (t) is the expected amount of electricity that microgrid i will buy from microgrid j. If it is greater than 0, it means that microgrid i is buying electricity from microgrid j, otherwise it is selling electricity.

[0044] Network cost:

[0045]

[0046] Where: e (t) The transmission fee that microgrid i needs to pay to the grid for transmitting unit electric energy;

[0047] Demand response costs:

[0048] C DR,j (t) = v e,cut P i,cut (t)+υ e,trans P i,trans (t)+υ h,trans Q i,cut (t)

[0049] Where: P i,cut (t), P i,trans (t) is the reduction and transfer amount of the electric load of microgrid i in period t; e,cut ,υ e,trans is the compensation factor of the curtailable and transferable electric load; Q i,cut (t),υ h,trans is the reduction amount and compensation coefficient of heat load;

[0050] Cost of curtailing wind and solar power:

[0051] C AB,i (t) = θ AB P i,WTI (t)-θ AB,WT P i,trans (t)+θ AB P i,PVI (t)-θ AB P i,PV(t)

[0052] Where: θ AB P is the penalty coefficient for wind and solar power abandonment; i,WTI (t), P i,trans (t) are the wind power input and consumed by the microgrid in time period t; P i,PVI (t), P i,PV (t) is the photovoltaic power input and consumed by the microgrid during time period t.

[0053] A further improvement of the present invention is that the constraint conditions constructed in S4 include:

[0054] Energy balance constraints:

[0055]

[0056] Energy equipment operation constraints:

[0057]

[0058] P GT,i，min ≤P GT,i (t)≤P GT,i,max

[0059] R GT,i,min ≤P GT,i (t)-P GT,i (t-1)≤R GT,i,max

[0060] Q WH,i,min ≤Q WH,i (t)≤Q WH,i,max

[0061] Q HX,i,min ≤Q HX,i (t)≤Q HX,i,max

[0062] Q GB,i,min ≤Q GB,i (t)≤Q GB,i,max

[0063] In the formula, is the predicted value of wind power generation and photovoltaic power generation; P GT,i,max , P GT,i，min The upper and lower limits of the gas turbine output power; R GT,i,max , R GT,i,min are the upper and lower limits of the gas turbine climbing power; Q WH,i,max , Q WH,i,min The upper and lower limits of the heat output of the waste heat boiler; Q HX,i,max , Q HX,i,min The upper and lower limits of the heat output power of the heat exchange device; Q GB,i,max , QGB,i,min It is the upper and lower limits of the thermal power output of the gas boiler;

[0064] External contact restrictions:

[0065] 0≤P i b (t)≤U G (t)P Grid,i,max

[0066] 0≤P i s (t)≤[1-U G (t)]P Grid,i,max

[0067] 0≤V GT,i (t)+V GB,i (t)≤V i,max

[0068] Where: P Grid,i,max 、V i,max It is the upper limit of external power interconnection line and natural gas pipeline transmission; U G (t) is the external electricity purchase and sales identifier;

[0069] Energy storage equipment operation constraints:

[0070]

[0071] E x,i,min ≤E x,i (t)≤E x,i,max

[0072] E x,i (0) = E x,i (twenty four)

[0073] Where: It is the charge and discharge energy identifier of the electric and thermal energy storage equipment, which is a 0-1 variable; is the maximum value of the charging and discharging power of the energy storage device; E x,i,max 、E x,i,min is the maximum and minimum energy storage capacity of the energy storage device; E x,i (0), E x,i (24) is the initial and final value of the energy storage device during the entire operation cycle;

[0074] Internal power interaction constraints:

[0075] 0≤|P i-j (t)|≤P i-j,max

[0076]

[0077] Where: P i-j (t) is the transmission limit of internal power transactions between microgrid i and microgrid j; P IE,i (t) is the sum of the electric energy exchanged between microgrid i and other microgrids. Since the MGs cooperate to share electric energy, the overall electric energy transaction volume within the system is 0.

[0078] A further improvement of the present invention is that S5 comprises the following specific steps:

[0079] S51. Substituting the cost model of each MG cooperative operation into the Nash bargaining model, the following cooperative game model is obtained:

[0080]

[0081] Where: is the negotiation breakdown point, i.e., the total operating cost when microgrid i does not participate in the Nash bargaining transaction; U MG,i is the total operating cost of the microgrid i during Nash bargaining transactions;

[0082] S52, Substitution Then the following formula is equivalent: Further equivalent transformation into two sub-problems;

[0083] S53, Sub-problem I is to minimize the cost of MMG cooperation operation, which is: s C CET ,C GCT And various constraints; Sub-problem II is the internal power transaction bargaining problem, which is as follows:

[0084]

[0085] s.tc sell (t)≤r i-j (t)≤c buy (t)

[0086]

[0087] Where: is the optimal solution to subproblem I.

[0088] The technical effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0089] By constructing a multi-microgrid model with various energy forms, meeting internal energy needs through various energy sources and energy supply equipment, refining the two-stage operation process of P2G, adjusting the electricity and heat output according to the real-time electricity and heat energy demand, and further optimizing the operation efficiency; adopting a step-by-step green certificate-carbon trading mechanism to further limit carbon emissions, establishing a step-by-step carbon trading cost and a step-by-step green certificate trading cost in carbon trading, and further improving the income and enthusiasm of green certificate trading; establishing an MMG cooperative operation model under the green certificate-carbon trading mechanism, with the goal of minimizing the total operating cost. The operating cost includes the gas purchase cost, the cost of interacting with the power grid, the network fee cost, and the demand response cost. and the cost of wind and solar power abandonment; construct constraint conditions, which include energy balance constraints, energy equipment operation constraints, external communication constraints, energy storage equipment operation constraints, and internal power interaction constraints; use the Nash bargaining cooperative game model to decompose it into sub-problem I MMG cooperative operation cost minimization and sub-problem II internal power transaction bargaining problem, and then use the ADMM algorithm for distributed solution to decompose a complex optimization problem into easy-to-solve sub-problems, and then gradually approach the optimal solution by alternately updating each variable, effectively decomposing the global problem into sub-problems, which can not only protect the privacy of each MG subject during bargaining, but also can be solved quickly with good convergence. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0090] Other features, objects and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent from the detailed description of non-limiting embodiments made with reference to the following drawings:

[0091] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of detailed steps of an MMG operation method considering hydrogen energy utilization and ladder green certificate-carbon trading of the present invention;

[0092] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of a step-by-step green certificate-carbon trading method of an MMG operation method considering hydrogen energy utilization and step-by-step green certificate-carbon trading of the present invention and three microgrids and the energy flow within each microgrid;

[0093] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of a two-stage power-to-gas (P2G) conversion operation of an MMG operation method considering hydrogen energy utilization and ladder green certificate-carbon trading in the present invention;

[0094] Figure 4 The figure is a schematic diagram of solving the flow chart using the ADMM algorithm under the Nash bargaining model of the MMG operation method taking into account hydrogen energy utilization and ladder green certificate-carbon trading of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0095] The present invention aims to propose an MMG operation method that considers hydrogen energy utilization and ladder green certificate-carbon trading. By constructing a multi-microgrid model with various energy forms, the internal energy demand is met through various energy sources and energy supply equipment, the P2G two-stage operation process is refined, and the electricity and heat output are adjusted according to the real-time electricity and heat energy demand, thereby further optimizing the operation efficiency; a ladder green certificate-carbon trading mechanism is adopted to further limit carbon emissions, and ladder carbon trading costs and ladder green certificate trading costs in carbon trading are established to further improve the income and enthusiasm of green certificate trading; an MMG cooperative operation model under the green certificate-carbon trading mechanism is established, with the goal of minimizing the total operation cost. The operation cost includes the cost of purchasing gas, the cost of exchanging electricity with the power grid, and the cost of purchasing electricity. Interaction cost, grid fee cost, demand response cost and wind and solar curtailment cost; construct constraint conditions, which include energy balance constraint, energy equipment operation constraint, external communication constraint, energy storage equipment operation constraint and internal power interaction constraint; use Nash bargaining cooperative game model to decompose it into sub-problem I MMG cooperative operation cost minimization and sub-problem II internal power transaction bargaining problem, and then use ADMM algorithm for distributed solution, decompose a complex optimization problem into easy-to-solve sub-problems, and then gradually approach the optimal solution by alternately updating each variable, effectively decomposing the global problem into sub-problems, which can not only protect the privacy of each MG subject during bargaining, but also solve it quickly and have good convergence.

[0096] Embodiment 1:

[0097] This embodiment proposes an MMG operation method that takes into account hydrogen energy utilization and ladder green certificate-carbon trading. Specifically, Figure 1-Figure 4 As shown, the specific steps include:

[0098] S1. Build a multi-microgrid model with various energy forms, meet internal energy needs through various energy sources and energy supply equipment, and refine the two-stage operation process of P2G;

[0099] S2. Adopt a tiered green certificate-carbon trading mechanism to further limit carbon emissions and establish tiered carbon trading costs and tiered green certificate trading costs in carbon trading;

[0100] S3. Establish an MMG cooperative operation model under the green certificate-carbon trading mechanism, with the goal of minimizing the total operating cost, which includes gas purchase cost, grid electricity interaction cost, grid access fee cost, demand response cost and wind and solar power abandonment cost;

[0101] S4. Constructing constraint conditions, wherein the constraint conditions include energy balance constraint, energy equipment operation constraint, external communication constraint, energy storage equipment operation constraint, and internal power interaction constraint;

[0102] S5. Use the Nash bargaining cooperative game model to decompose it into sub-problem I: minimization of MMG cooperative operation cost and sub-problem II: internal power transaction bargaining problem, and then use the ADMM algorithm for distributed solution.

[0103] In this embodiment, constructing a multi-microgrid model with multiple energy forms in S1 includes: constructing a combined power and heat model, and the working model expression of the adjustable power-to-heat ratio model CHP is:

[0104]

[0105] Where: P g,CHP (t) is the natural gas power input to CHP during period t; P CHP,e (t), P CHP,h (t) are the electricity and heat energy output by CHP in period t, respectively; are the efficiencies of CHP conversion into electricity and heat respectively; Pmaxg,CHP, Pming,CHP, ΔPming,CHP are the upper and lower limits of the natural gas power input into CHP respectively; They are the upper and lower limits of the CHP climbing slope, respectively; They are the upper and lower limits of the thermal-to-electricity ratio of CHP, respectively;

[0106] A P2G model is constructed, and the expression of the P2G model is:

[0107]

[0108] In the formula, are respectively the gas production power and power consumption of P2G at time t; is the P2G gas production efficiency, which is 85%; are the volumes of CO2 absorbed and natural gas produced by P2G at time t, respectively; It is the low calorific value of natural gas; is the amount of CO2 consumed by P2G at time t; is the density of CO2; They are the upper and lower limits of P2G power consumption respectively;

[0109] An electrolytic cell model is constructed, and the expression of the electrolytic cell model is:

[0110]

[0111] In the formula, is the electrical energy input to EL during period t; is the hydrogen energy output by EL during period t; η EL is the energy conversion efficiency of EL; They are the upper and lower limits of the input electric energy EL respectively; They are the upper and lower limits of EL climbing respectively;

[0112] A methane reactor model is constructed, and the expression of the methane reactor model is:

[0113]

[0114] In the formula, Enter the hydrogen energy of MR for period t; is the natural gas power output by MR during the period; η MR is the energy conversion efficiency of MR; are the upper and lower limits of hydrogen energy input to MR respectively; They are the upper and lower limits of MR climbing respectively;

[0115] Construct a hydrogen fuel cell model. The HFC model expression with adjustable thermal-electric ratio is as follows:

[0116]

[0117] Where: The hydrogen energy of HFC input for period t; are the electricity and heat energy output by HFC during period t, respectively; are the efficiency of HFC conversion into electricity and heat, respectively; They are the upper and lower limits of hydrogen energy for input HFC respectively; are the upper and lower limits of HFC climbing respectively; k HFCmax , k HFCmin They are the upper and lower limits of the heat-to-electricity ratio of HFC respectively.

[0118] In this embodiment, in order to further limit carbon emissions, the present invention adopts a ladder carbon trading mechanism. The ladder carbon trading mechanism is divided into multiple purchase intervals. As the number of carbon quotas to be purchased increases, the purchase price of the corresponding interval increases. The ladder carbon trading cost and the ladder green certificate transaction cost in the carbon trading established in S2 adopt a ladder carbon trading mechanism. The ladder carbon trading cost in the carbon trading The content is:

[0119]

[0120] Where: E tra Carbon quotas for trading; is the actual amount of CO2 emitted; E free is the system free carbon quota; T is the scheduling period; is the benchmark transaction price in the carbon trading market; L CTM is the length of the carbon trading interval; τ is the price increase rate after the quota exceeds the standard;

[0121] In this embodiment, in order to further improve the revenue and enthusiasm of green certificate trading, the present invention adopts a ladder green certificate trading mechanism. This trading mechanism follows the incentive principle of ladder carbon trading, and incorporates the green certificates issued by the regulator and the green certificates traded in the market into the trading system. Compensation factors and penalty factors are introduced to divide the green certificate trading mechanism into several sub-intervals. The more certificates a company sells in the green certificate transaction, the higher the selling price of its green certificates; at the same time, the increase in demand for green certificates will also lead to price increases. The ladder green certificate transaction cost The content is:

[0122]

[0123] N GCT =N obt -N nec

[0124] In the formula, λ GCT is the basic transaction price of green certificates; L GCT is the length of the ladder green certificate trading interval; α, κ are the compensation factor and penalty factor when exceeding or falling short of the government quota indicator; N GCT N is the number of green certificates participating in the ladder green certificate transaction; nec The amount of green certificates required to meet the indicator; N obt The number of green certificates obtained for the enterprise.

[0125] In this embodiment, the MMG cooperative operation model under the green certificate-carbon trading mechanism established in S3 includes introducing the GCT mechanism and the CET mechanism into the MMG system. Under the MMG cooperative operation mode, the operation goal of each MG is to minimize the total operation cost. The specific contents are as follows:

[0126]

[0127] Gas purchase cost:

[0128] C natural,i (t) = c natural [V gas (t)+V boiler (t)]

[0129] Where: V gas (t), V boiler (t) is the gas demand of gas turbine and gas boiler in microgrid i; c natural is the unit price of natural gas;

[0130] Cost of interacting with grid electricity:

[0131] C PE,i (t) = c b (t)P b,i (t)-cs (t)P s,i (t)

[0132] Where: c b (t), c s (t) is the price of purchasing and selling electricity from the power grid; P s,i (t) is the amount of electricity sold by microgrid i to the grid;

[0133] Internal power interaction cost:

[0134]

[0135] Where: N is the number of MGs in the MMG system; ρ i-j (t) is the electricity price that microgrid i expects to trade with microgrid j; P i-j (t) is the expected amount of electricity that microgrid i will buy from microgrid j. If it is greater than 0, it means that microgrid i is buying electricity from microgrid j, otherwise it is selling electricity.

[0136] Network cost:

[0137]

[0138] Where: e (t) The transmission fee that microgrid i needs to pay to the grid for transmitting unit electric energy;

[0139] Demand response costs:

[0140] C DR,j (t) = v e,cut P i,cut (t)+υ e,trans P i,trans (t)+υ h,trans Q i,cut (t)

[0141] Where: P i,cut (t), P i,trans (t) is the reduction and transfer amount of the electric load of microgrid i in period t; e,cut ,υ e,trans is the compensation factor of the curtailable and transferable electric load; Q i,cut (t),υ h,trans is the reduction amount and compensation coefficient of heat load;

[0142] Cost of curtailing wind and solar power:

[0143] C AB,i (t) = θ AB P i,WTI (t)-θ AB,WT P i,trans (t)+θ AB P i,PVI(t)-θ AB P i,PV (t)

[0144] Where: θ AB P is the penalty coefficient for wind and solar power abandonment; i,WTI (t), P i,trans (t) are the wind power input and consumed by the microgrid in time period t; P i,PVI (t), P i,PV (t) is the photovoltaic power input and consumed by the microgrid during time period t.

[0145] In this embodiment, the constraint conditions constructed in S4 include:

[0146] Energy balance constraints:

[0147]

[0148] Energy equipment operation constraints:

[0149]

[0150] P GT,i，min ≤P GT,i (t)≤P GT,i,max

[0151] R GT,i,min ≤P GT,i (t)-P GT,i (t-1)≤R GT,i,max

[0152] Q WH,i,min ≤Q WH,i (t)≤Q WH,i,max

[0153] Q HX,i,min ≤Q HX,i (t)≤Q HX,i,max

[0154] Q GB,i,min ≤Q GB,i (t)≤Q GB,i,max

[0155] In the formula, is the predicted value of wind power generation and photovoltaic power generation; P GT,i,max , P GT,i，min The upper and lower limits of the gas turbine output power; R GT,i,max , R GT,i,min are the upper and lower limits of the gas turbine climbing power; Q WH,i,max , Q WH,i,min The upper and lower limits of the heat output of the waste heat boiler; Q HX,i,max , Q HX,i,minThe upper and lower limits of the heat output power of the heat exchange device; Q GB,i,max , Q GB,i,min It is the upper and lower limits of the thermal power output of the gas boiler;

[0156] External contact restrictions:

[0157] 0≤P i b (t)≤U G (t)P Grid,i,max

[0158] 0≤P i s (t)≤[1-U G (t)]P Grid,i,max

[0159] 0≤V GT,i (t)+V GB,i (t)≤V i,max

[0160] Where: P Grid,i,max 、V i,max It is the upper limit of external power interconnection line and natural gas pipeline transmission; U G (t) is the external electricity purchase and sales identifier;

[0161] Energy storage equipment operation constraints:

[0162]

[0163] E x,i,min ≤E x,i (t)≤E x,i,max

[0164] E x,i (0) = E x,i (twenty four)

[0165] Where: It is the charge and discharge energy identifier of the electric and thermal energy storage equipment, which is a 0-1 variable; is the maximum value of the charging and discharging power of the energy storage device; E x,i,max 、E x,i,min is the maximum and minimum energy storage capacity of the energy storage device; E x,i (0), E x,i (24) is the initial and final value of the energy storage device during the entire operation cycle;

[0166] Internal power interaction constraints:

[0167] 0≤|P i-j (t)|≤P i-j,max

[0168]

[0169] Where: P i-j (t) is the transmission limit of internal power transactions between microgrid i and microgrid j; P IE,i (t) is the sum of the electric energy exchanged between microgrid i and other microgrids. Since the MGs cooperate to share electric energy, the overall electric energy transaction volume within the system is 0.

[0170] In this embodiment, S5 includes the following specific steps:

[0171] S51. Substituting the cost model of each MG cooperative operation into the Nash bargaining model, the following cooperative game model is obtained:

[0172]

[0173] Where: is the negotiation breakdown point, i.e., the total operating cost when microgrid i does not participate in the Nash bargaining transaction; U MG,i is the total operating cost of the microgrid i during Nash bargaining transactions;

[0174] S52, Substitution Then the following formula is equivalent: Further equivalent transformation into two sub-problems;

[0175] S53, Sub-problem I is to minimize the cost of MMG cooperation operation, which is: s C CET ,C GCT And various constraints; Sub-problem II is the internal power transaction bargaining problem, which is as follows:

[0176]

[0177] s.tc sell (t)≤r i-j (t)≤c buy (t)

[0178]

[0179] Where: is the optimal solution to subproblem I.

[0180] Embodiment 2:

[0181] This embodiment provides an electronic device, including: a processor and a memory, wherein the memory stores a computer program that can be called by the processor; the processor executes the above-mentioned MMG operation method that takes into account hydrogen energy utilization and ladder green certificate-carbon trading by calling the computer program stored in the memory.

[0182] The electronic device may have relatively large differences due to different configurations or performances, and may include one or more processors (Central Processing Units, CPU) and one or more memories, wherein the memory stores at least one computer program, which is loaded and executed by the processor to implement a MMG operation method that considers hydrogen energy utilization and ladder green certificate-carbon trading provided by the above method embodiment. The electronic device may also include other components for realizing the functions of the device. For example, the electronic device may also have components such as a wired or wireless network interface and an input and output interface to input and output data. This embodiment will not be described in detail here.

[0183] Those skilled in the art know that the present invention can be implemented as a system, method or computer program product. Therefore, the present disclosure can be specifically implemented in the following forms, namely: it can be complete hardware, it can be complete software (including firmware, resident software, microcode, etc.), and it can also be a combination of hardware and software, which is generally referred to as "circuit", "module" or "system" herein. In addition, in some embodiments, the present invention can also be implemented in the form of a computer program product in one or more computer-readable media, and the computer-readable medium contains computer-readable program code.

[0184] Any combination of one or more computer-readable media may be used. A computer-readable medium may be a computer-readable signal medium or a computer-readable storage medium. More specific examples of computer-readable storage media (a non-exhaustive list) include: an electrical connection with one or more wires, a portable computer disk, a hard disk, a random access memory (RAM), a read-only memory (ROM), an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or flash memory), an optical fiber, a portable compact disk read-only memory (CD-ROM), an optical storage device, a magnetic storage device, or any suitable combination of the above. In this document, a computer-readable storage medium may be any tangible medium containing or storing a program that may be used by or in conjunction with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device.

[0185] The present invention is described with reference to flowcharts and block diagrams of methods, devices (systems), and computer program products according to embodiments of the present invention. It should be understood that each process or block in the flowchart and block diagram, as well as the combination of processes and blocks in the flowchart or block diagram, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions can be provided to a processor of a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, an embedded processor, or other programmable data processing device to produce a machine, so that the instructions executed by the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing device generate instructions for implementing the processes in the flowcharts. Figure 1 Process or multiple processes and boxes Figure 1A device that provides the functions specified in a block or multiple blocks.

[0186] These computer program instructions can also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing device so that a series of operating steps are executed on the computer or other programmable device to produce a computer-implemented process, thereby providing instructions for implementing the process. Figure 1 Process or multiple processes and boxes Figure 1 The steps for the functions specified in one or more boxes.

[0187] The embodiments of the present invention are described above in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, but the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned specific implementation methods. The above-mentioned specific implementation methods are merely illustrative and not restrictive. Under the enlightenment of the present invention, ordinary technicians in this field can also make many forms without departing from the scope of protection of the purpose of the present invention and the claims, which all fall within the protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A MMG operation method considering hydrogen energy utilization and ladder green certificate-carbon trading, characterized in that: The specific steps include: S1. Build a multi-microgrid model with various energy forms, meet internal energy needs through various energy sources and energy supply equipment, and refine the two-stage operation process of P2G; S2. Adopt a tiered green certificate-carbon trading mechanism to further limit carbon emissions and establish tiered carbon trading costs and tiered green certificate trading costs in carbon trading; S3. Establish an MMG cooperative operation model under the green certificate-carbon trading mechanism, with the goal of minimizing the total operating cost, which includes gas purchase cost, grid electricity interaction cost, grid access fee cost, demand response cost and wind and solar power abandonment cost; S4. Constructing constraint conditions, wherein the constraint conditions include energy balance constraint, energy equipment operation constraint, external communication constraint, energy storage equipment operation constraint, and internal power interaction constraint; S5. Use the Nash bargaining cooperative game model to decompose it into sub-problem I: minimization of MMG cooperative operation cost and sub-problem II: internal electricity transaction bargaining problem, and then use the ADMM algorithm for distributed solution.

2. According to claim 1, a MMG operation method considering hydrogen energy utilization and ladder green certificate-carbon trading is characterized in that: The multi-microgrid model with various energy forms constructed in S1 includes: Construct a combined power and heat model, and the working model expression of the adjustable power-to-heat ratio model CHP is: Where: P g,CHP (t) is the natural gas power input to CHP during period t; P CHP,e (t), P CHP,h (t) are the electricity and heat energy output by CHP in period t, respectively; are the efficiencies of CHP conversion into electricity and heat respectively; Pmaxg,CHP, Pming,CHP, ΔPming,CHP are the upper and lower limits of the natural gas power input into CHP respectively; They are the upper and lower limits of the CHP climbing slope, respectively; They are the upper and lower limits of the thermal-to-electricity ratio of CHP, respectively; A P2G model is constructed, and the expression of the P2G model is: In the formula, are respectively the gas production power and power consumption of P2G at time t; is the P2G gas production efficiency, which is 85%; are the volumes of CO2 absorbed and natural gas produced by P2G at time t, respectively; It is the low calorific value of natural gas; is the amount of CO2 consumed by P2G at time t; is the density of CO2; They are the upper and lower limits of P2G power consumption respectively; An electrolytic cell model is constructed, and the expression of the electrolytic cell model is: In the formula, is the electrical energy input to EL during period t; is the hydrogen energy output by EL during period t; η EL is the energy conversion efficiency of EL; They are the upper and lower limits of the input electric energy EL respectively; They are the upper and lower limits of EL climbing respectively; A methane reactor model is constructed, and the expression of the methane reactor model is: In the formula, Enter the hydrogen energy of MR for period t; is the natural gas power output by MR during the period; η MR is the energy conversion efficiency of MR; are the upper and lower limits of hydrogen energy input to MR respectively; They are the upper and lower limits of MR climbing respectively; Construct a hydrogen fuel cell model. The HFC model expression with adjustable thermal-electric ratio is as follows: Where: The hydrogen energy of HFC input for period t; are the electricity and heat energy output by HFC during period t, respectively; are the efficiency of HFC conversion into electricity and heat, respectively; They are the upper and lower limits of hydrogen energy for input HFC respectively; are the upper and lower limits of HFC climbing respectively; k HFCmax , k HFCmin They are the upper and lower limits of the heat-to-electricity ratio of HFC respectively.

3. The MMG operation method considering hydrogen energy utilization and ladder green certificate-carbon trading according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The step-by-step carbon trading cost and step-by-step green certificate trading cost in carbon trading in S2 adopt a step-by-step carbon trading mechanism. The content is: Where: E tra Carbon quotas for trading; is the actual amount of CO2 emitted; E free is the system free carbon quota; T is the scheduling period; is the benchmark transaction price in the carbon trading market; L CTM is the length of the carbon trading interval; τ is the price increase rate after the quota exceeds the standard; The transaction cost of the tiered green certificate The content is: N GCT =N obt -N nec In the formula, λ GCT is the basic transaction price of green certificates; L GCT is the length of the ladder green certificate trading interval; α, κ are the compensation factor and penalty factor when exceeding or falling short of the government quota indicator; N GCT N is the number of green certificates participating in the ladder green certificate transaction; nec The amount of green certificates required to meet the indicator; N obt The number of green certificates obtained for the enterprise.

4. The MMG operation method considering hydrogen energy utilization and ladder green certificate-carbon trading according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The MMG cooperative operation model established under the green certificate-carbon trading mechanism in S3 includes the introduction of the GCT mechanism and the CET mechanism into the MMG system. Under the MMG cooperative operation mode, the operation goal of each MG is to minimize the total operation cost. The specific contents are as follows: Gas purchase cost: C natural,i (t)=c natural [V gas (t)+V boiler (t)] Where: V gas (t), V boiler (t) is the gas demand of gas turbine and gas boiler in microgrid i; c natural is the unit price of natural gas; Cost of interacting with grid electricity: C PE,i (t)=c b (t)P b,i (t)-c s (t)P s,i (t) Where: c b (t), c s (t) is the price of purchasing and selling electricity from the power grid; P s,i (t) is the amount of electricity sold by microgrid i to the grid; Internal power interaction cost: Where: N is the number of MGs in the MMG system; ρ i-j (t) is the electricity price that microgrid i expects to trade with microgrid j; P i-j (t) is the expected amount of electricity that microgrid i will buy from microgrid j. If it is greater than 0, it means that microgrid i is buying electricity from microgrid j, otherwise it is selling electricity. Network cost: Where: e (t) The transmission fee that microgrid i needs to pay to the grid for transmitting unit electric energy; Demand response costs: C DR,j (t)=υ e,cut P i,cut (t)+υ e,trans P i,trans (t)+υ h,trans Q i,cut (t) Where: P i,cut (t), P i,trans (t) is the reduction and transfer amount of the electric load of microgrid i in period t; e,cut ,υ e,trans is the compensation factor of the curtailable and transferable electric load; Q i,cut (t),υ h,trans is the reduction amount and compensation coefficient of heat load; Cost of curtailing wind and solar power: C AB,i (t)=θ AB P i,WTI (t)-θ AB,WT P i,trans (t)+θ AB P i,PVI (t)-θ AB P i,PV (t) Where: θ AB P is the penalty coefficient for wind and solar power abandonment; i,WTI (t), P i,trans (t) are the wind power input and consumed by the microgrid in time period t; P i,PVI (t), P i,PV (t) is the photovoltaic power input and consumed by the microgrid during time period t.

5. The MMG operation method considering hydrogen energy utilization and ladder green certificate-carbon trading according to claim 4 is characterized in that: The constraints constructed in S4 include: Energy balance constraints: Energy equipment operation constraints: P GT,i，min ≤P GT,i (t)≤P GT,i,max R GT,i,min ≤P GT,i (t)-P GT,i (t-1)≤R GT,i,max Q WH,i,min ≤Q WH,i (t)≤Q WH,i,max Q HX,i,min ≤Q HX,i (t)≤Q HX,i,max Q GB,i,min ≤Q GB,i (t)≤Q GB,i,max In the formula, is the predicted value of wind power generation and photovoltaic power generation; P GT,i,max , P GT,i，min The upper and lower limits of the gas turbine output power; R GT,i,max , R GT,i,min is the upper and lower limits of the gas turbine climbing power; Q WH,i,max , Q WH,i,min The upper and lower limits of the heat output of the waste heat boiler; Q HX,i,max , Q HX,i,min The upper and lower limits of the heat output power of the heat exchange device; Q GB,i,max , Q GB,i,min It is the upper and lower limits of the thermal power output of the gas boiler; External contact restrictions: 0≤P i b (t)≤U G (t)P Grid,i,max 0≤P i s (t)≤[1-U G (t)]P Grid,i,max 0≤V GT,i (t)+V GB,i (t)≤V i,max Where: P Grid,i,max 、V i,max It is the upper limit of external power interconnection line and natural gas pipeline transmission; U G (t) is the external electricity purchase and sales identifier; Energy storage equipment operation constraints: E x,i,min ≤E x,i (t)≤E x,i,max AND x,i (0)=And x,i (24) Where: It is the charge and discharge identifier of the electric and thermal energy storage equipment, which is a 0-1 variable; is the maximum value of the charging and discharging power of the energy storage device; E x,i,max 、E x,i,min is the maximum and minimum energy storage capacity of the energy storage device; E x,i (0), E x,i (24) is the initial and final value of the energy storage device during the entire operation cycle; Internal power interaction constraints: 0≤|P i-j (t)|≤P i-j,max Where: P i-j (t) is the transmission limit of internal power transactions between microgrid i and microgrid j; P IE,i (t) is the sum of the electric energy exchanged between microgrid i and other microgrids. Since the MGs cooperate to share electric energy, the overall electric energy transaction volume within the system is 0.

6. The MMG operation method considering hydrogen energy utilization and ladder green certificate-carbon trading according to claim 5 is characterized in that: The S5 comprises the following specific steps: S51. Substituting the cost model of each MG cooperative operation into the Nash bargaining model, the following cooperative game model is obtained: Where: is the negotiation breakdown point, i.e., the total operating cost when microgrid i does not participate in the Nash bargaining transaction; U MG,i is the total operating cost of the microgrid i during Nash bargaining transactions; S52, Substitution Then the following formula is equivalent: Further equivalent transformation into two sub-problems; S53, Sub-problem I is to minimize the cost of MMG cooperation operation, which is: s C CET ,C GCT And various constraints; Sub-problem II is the internal power transaction bargaining problem, which is as follows: s.tc sell (t)≤r i-j (t)≤c buy (t) Where: is the optimal solution to subproblem I.

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