Pixel unit and manufacturing method thereof

Abstract

According to the pixel unit and the manufacturing method thereof, light-emitting layers of a plurality of pixel units can be integrally formed, side wall damage does not exist in each pixel unit, and the light-emitting efficiency of all the pixel units can be improved. Each pixel unit comprises a substrate, a nanometer antenna formed on the substrate, a first electrode connected with the nanometer antenna, a light-emitting layer formed on the nanometer antenna and the first electrode, and a second electrode formed on the light-emitting layer. In the pixel unit, the light-emitting layer can generate a plurality of lights with different wavelengths under the driving of the voltage provided by the first electrode and the second electrode, and the lights are emitted to the nano antenna. The resonance wave band of the nano antenna comprises the wavelength of the target light which can be emitted by the light emitting layer, so that at least one light, namely the target light, of which the wavelength is within the resonance wave band of the nano antenna in the plurality of lights generated by the light emitting layer can be enhanced by the nano antenna and emitted to the substrate, so that the substrate emits the target light to the outside of the pixel unit.

Description

A pixel unit and a manufacturing method thereof Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of display technology, and in particular to a pixel unit and a method for manufacturing the same. Background Art

[0002] Display products such as micro light-emitting diode (μLED) displays and organic light-emitting diode (OLED) displays have the advantages of self-luminescence, fast response, wide viewing angle, high brightness, bright colors, and light weight, and are considered to be the next generation of display technology.

[0003] In related art, the multiple pixel units included in a display are generally divided into three categories: the first category is pixel units that can emit red light, the second category is pixel units that can emit green light, and the third category is pixel units that can emit blue light. These three types of pixel units can be arranged in an alternating pattern to form a pixel array. For example, a column in a pixel array may include several pixel units, which are, in order, a pixel unit that can emit red light, a pixel unit that can emit green light, a pixel unit that can emit blue light, a pixel unit that can emit red light, ..., a pixel unit that can emit blue light, and so on.

[0004] Because it's difficult to achieve these three colors of light using the same material, the light-emitting layers of these three types of pixel units need to be made of different materials. Therefore, when manufacturing these three types of pixel units, the light-emitting layers of these three types of pixel units need to be cut (i.e., the light-emitting layers of these three types of pixel units cannot be formed in one piece) so that these three types of pixel units can be staggered together to form a pixel array. However, after the light-emitting layers of the pixel units are cut, the sidewalls will be damaged, resulting in lower luminous efficiency of the pixel units.

[0005] Summary of the Invention

[0006] The embodiment of the present application provides a pixel unit and a manufacturing method thereof. The light-emitting layers of multiple pixel units can be integrally formed, and each pixel unit will not have sidewall damage, which can effectively improve the light-emitting efficiency of all pixel units.

[0007] A first aspect of an embodiment of the present application provides a pixel unit, the pixel unit comprising:

[0008] The substrate, the first surface of the substrate can be used as the light-emitting surface of the entire pixel unit, the second surface of the substrate is provided with a nano-antenna and a first electrode, and the first surface of the substrate and the second surface of the substrate are two opposite surfaces.

[0009] A nanoantenna is formed on a substrate and a first electrode is connected to the nanoantenna. Based on the above description, it can be seen that the first surface of the first electrode is adhered to the second surface of the substrate, and the first surface of the nanoantenna is adhered to the second surface of the substrate. In addition, a light-emitting layer is provided on the second surface of the first electrode and the second surface of the nanoantenna. The first surface of the first electrode and the second surface of the first electrode are two opposite surfaces, and the first surface of the nanoantenna and the second surface of the nanoantenna are two opposite surfaces.

[0010] The light-emitting layer formed on the nanoantenna and the first electrode, based on the above description, can be seen that the first surface of the light-emitting layer is adhered to the second surface of the first electrode, and the first surface of the light-emitting layer is adhered to the second surface of the nanoantenna. In addition, a second electrode is provided on the second surface of the light-emitting layer, and the first surface of the light-emitting layer and the second surface of the light-emitting layer are two opposite surfaces.

[0011] The second electrode is formed on the light-emitting layer. Based on the above description, the first surface of the second electrode is in contact with the second surface of the light-emitting layer. In addition, the second surface of the second electrode can remain exposed or be provided with other components. The first surface of the second electrode and the second surface of the second electrode are two opposite surfaces.

[0012] It should be noted that the resonant wavelength band of the nanoantenna can be determined by presetting at least one of the material, shape, and size of the nanoantenna. The resulting resonant wavelength band of the nanoantenna can include the wavelength of the target light emitted by the light-emitting layer. Therefore, when the light-emitting layer operates under the action of the first and second electrodes, since the light-emitting layer has a single emission wavelength band, it can generate multiple lights (also understood as multiple photons or multiple rays) with different wavelengths and emit these multiple lights to the nanoantenna. Since the resonant band of the nanoantenna has been determined, among these multiple lights, at least one light with a wavelength within the resonant band of the nanoantenna, i.e., the target light, can be enhanced by the nanoantenna (in fact, the "enhancement" mentioned here refers to the nanoantenna enhancing the radiation speed of the target light, thereby enhancing the intensity of the target light) and emitted to the substrate, so that the substrate emits the target light to the outside of the pixel unit, and the remaining light with a wavelength outside the resonant band of the nanoantenna is suppressed by the nanoantenna and is difficult to be emitted to the substrate (in fact, the "suppression" mentioned here refers to not being enhanced, this part of the light is not enhanced by the nanoantenna, and compared to the enhanced target light, this part of the light looks like it is "suppressed"). In this way, the pixel unit can successfully emit the target light to the outside. Since the wavelength of the target light is screened, that is, the color of the target light is selected, the pixel unit can emit light of a certain color to the outside.

[0013] The pixel unit includes a substrate, a nanoantenna formed on the substrate and a first electrode connected to the nanoantenna, a light-emitting layer formed on the nanoantenna and the first electrode, and a second electrode formed on the light-emitting layer. In the pixel unit, the light-emitting layer, driven by the voltage provided by the first and second electrodes, generates multiple lights of different wavelengths and emits them toward the nanoantenna. Because the resonant wavelength band of the nanoantenna includes the wavelength of target light that can be emitted by the light-emitting layer, at least one light with a wavelength within the resonant wavelength band of the nanoantenna, i.e., the target light, generated by the light-emitting layer, can be enhanced by the nanoantenna and emitted toward the substrate, allowing the substrate to emit the target light outside the pixel unit. The remaining light with wavelengths outside the resonant wavelength band of the nanoantenna is suppressed by the nanoantenna and is unlikely to be emitted toward the substrate. In this way, the pixel unit can successfully emit the target light. Because the wavelength of the target light is selected, i.e., the color of the target light is selected, the pixel unit can emit light of a specific color. It can be seen that in a display constructed by multiple pixel units provided by the embodiments of the present application, each pixel unit can select to emit light with a specific wavelength (color) through its own nanoantenna. Then, the light-emitting layers of these multiple pixel units can use the same material, that is, the light-emitting layers of these multiple pixel units can be formed in one piece, so each pixel unit will not have side wall damage, which can effectively improve the luminous efficiency of all pixel units.

[0014] In one possible implementation, the first electrode and the nanoantenna are both strip-shaped, with one end of the first electrode connected to the middle of the nanoantenna. In this implementation, both the first electrode and the nanoantenna can be strip-shaped, with the connection between the first electrode and the nanoantenna located in the middle of the nanoantenna. This facilitates pixel unit fabrication and prevents the first electrode from affecting the resonance of the nanoantenna.

[0015] In one possible implementation, the first electrode and the nanoantenna are arranged in the same layer. Of course, the first electrode and the nanoantenna can also be arranged in different layers in a stacked manner. For example, the first electrode is arranged on the nanoantenna, and another example is that the nanoantenna is arranged on the first electrode.

[0016] In one possible implementation, the second-order resonance band of the nanoantenna includes the wavelength of the target light that can be emitted by the light-emitting layer. In the aforementioned implementation, the light-emitting band of the light-emitting layer can be set to the range between the adjacent order resonance bands of the nanoantenna, that is, the starting wavelength of the light-emitting band of the light-emitting layer can be a wavelength between the second-order resonance band and the third-order resonance band of the nanoantenna, and the ending wavelength of the light-emitting band of the light-emitting layer can be a wavelength between the first-order resonance band and the second-order resonance band of the nanoantenna. It can be seen from this that the light-emitting band of the light-emitting layer can only include the entire second-order resonance band of the nanoantenna. Then, the nanoantenna can excite the target light with a wavelength falling within the second-order resonance band of the nanoantenna from the multiple lights with different wavelengths emitted by the light-emitting layer. This can not only avoid mutual interference between adjacent order resonances of the nanoantenna, but also improve the purity of the light emitted by the pixel unit.

[0017] In one possible implementation, the polarization direction of the nanoantenna during resonance is the same as the polarization direction of the target light. In the aforementioned implementation, the polarization direction of the nanoantenna during resonance can be determined by pre-setting the shape of the nanoantenna. The resulting polarization direction of the nanoantenna during resonance is the same as the polarization direction of the target light that can be emitted by the light-emitting layer. This shows that the nanoantenna can excite target light with a wavelength that falls within the resonant band of the nanoantenna and has the same polarization direction as the polarization direction of the nanoantenna during resonance from multiple lights of different wavelengths and polarization directions emitted by the light-emitting layer.

[0018] In one possible implementation, the direction of light emitted by the nanoantenna during resonance is the same as the direction in which the target light is emitted after passing through the nanoantenna. In the aforementioned implementation, the light-emitting direction of the nanoantenna during resonance (i.e., the direction in which the nanoantenna emits light during resonance) can be determined by setting the shape of the nanoantenna in advance. The resulting light-emitting direction of the nanoantenna during resonance is the same as the emission direction of the target light that can be emitted by the light-emitting layer (i.e., the emission direction of the target light after passing through the nanoantenna). This shows that the nanoantenna can excite target light with a wavelength falling within the resonant band of the nanoantenna and with an emission direction the same as the light-emitting direction of the nanoantenna during resonance from multiple lights with different wavelengths and different emission directions emitted by the light-emitting layer.

[0019] In one possible implementation, the light-emitting layer includes an exciton recombination layer, which can emit various lights under the voltage applied by the first electrode and the second electrode.

[0020] In one possible implementation, the light-emitting layer further comprises at least one of the following: a hole injection layer, a hole transport layer, an electron blocking layer, an electron injection layer, an electron transport layer, or a hole blocking layer. If the first electrode is an anode electrode and the second electrode is a cathode electrode, at least one of the hole injection layer, hole transport layer, or electron blocking layer is formed between the exciton recombination layer and the nanoantenna, and at least one of the electron injection layer, electron transport layer, or hole blocking layer is formed between the exciton recombination layer and the second electrode. If the first electrode is a cathode electrode and the second electrode is an anode electrode, at least one of the electron injection layer, electron transport layer, or hole blocking layer is formed between the exciton recombination layer and the nanoantenna, and at least one of the hole injection layer, hole transport layer, or electron blocking layer is formed between the exciton recombination layer and the second electrode. In the aforementioned implementation, the light-emitting layer may further comprise one or more of the following: a hole injection layer, a hole transport layer, an electron blocking layer, an electron injection layer, an electron transport layer, or a hole blocking layer. These layers can promote the migration of holes or electrons, or inhibit the migration of holes or electrons. As can be seen from this, when a certain voltage is applied to the light-emitting layer by the first and second electrodes, holes and electrons migrate toward each other—holes from the first electrode to the second electrode (assuming the first electrode is the anode and the second electrode is the cathode), and electrons from the second electrode to the first electrode. These two electrodes recombine within the exciton recombination layer to produce light, a phenomenon known as spontaneous radiative emission. The light generated by the light-emitting layer then travels toward the nanoantenna, interacting with it connected to the first electrode before being emitted by the nanoantenna to the substrate.

[0021] In one possible implementation, the distance between the exciton recombination layer and the nanoantenna is less than or equal to 20 nm. In the aforementioned implementation, the distance between the exciton recombination layer and the nanoantenna can be set to less than or equal to 20 nm, thereby achieving a strong coupling effect between the exciton recombination layer and the nanoantenna.

[0022] In one possible implementation, the pixel unit also includes an insulating medium that covers only the first electrode. In the aforementioned implementation, the insulating medium can be coated on the surface of the first electrode so that the insulating medium only covers the first electrode. In this case, the first electrode and the light-emitting layer are separated by the insulating medium and do not come into contact. Only the nanoantenna is in contact with the light-emitting layer, so that light emitted by the light-emitting layer is essentially directed toward the nanoantenna. This prevents the first electrode from affecting the resonance of the nanoantenna and limits the light-emitting position of the entire pixel unit to the area where the nanoantenna is located.

[0023] In one possible implementation, the first electrode is an anode electrode, and the second electrode is a cathode electrode, or the first electrode is a cathode electrode, and the second electrode is an anode electrode.

[0024] A second aspect of an embodiment of the present application provides a method for manufacturing a pixel unit, the method comprising: forming a nanoantenna and a first electrode connecting the nanoantenna on a substrate; forming a light-emitting layer on the connected nanoantenna and the first electrode, wherein the resonant wavelength of the nanoantenna is equal to the wavelength of target light that can be emitted by the light-emitting layer, and the target light is the light emitted to the outside by the pixel unit; and forming a second electrode on the light-emitting layer.

[0025] The pixel unit manufactured using the above method includes a substrate, a nanoantenna formed on the substrate and a first electrode connected to the nanoantenna, a light-emitting layer formed on the nanoantenna and the first electrode, and a second electrode formed on the light-emitting layer. In the pixel unit, the light-emitting layer, driven by the voltage supplied by the first and second electrodes, generates multiple lights of different wavelengths and emits them toward the nanoantenna. Because the resonant wavelength band of the nanoantenna includes the wavelength of target light emitted by the light-emitting layer, at least one light beam with a wavelength within the resonant wavelength band of the nanoantenna, i.e., the target light beam, is amplified by the nanoantenna and emitted toward the substrate, allowing the substrate to emit the target light outside the pixel unit. The remaining light beams with wavelengths outside the resonant wavelength band of the nanoantenna are suppressed by the nanoantenna and are unlikely to be emitted toward the substrate. In this way, the pixel unit can successfully emit the target light. Because the wavelength of the target light beam is selected, i.e., the color of the target light beam is selected, the pixel unit can emit light of a specific color. It can be seen that in a display constructed by multiple pixel units provided by the embodiments of the present application, each pixel unit can select to emit light with a specific wavelength (color) through its own nanoantenna. Then, the light-emitting layers of these multiple pixel units can use the same material, that is, the light-emitting layers of these multiple pixel units can be formed in one piece, so each pixel unit will not have side wall damage, which can effectively improve the luminous efficiency of all pixel units.

[0026] In one possible implementation, the first electrode and the nanoantenna are both strip-shaped structures, and one end of the first electrode is connected to the middle of the nanoantenna.

[0027] In one possible implementation, the first electrode and the nanoantenna are arranged in the same layer.

[0028] In one possible implementation, the second-order resonance wavelength band of the nanoantenna includes the wavelength of the target light that can be emitted by the light-emitting layer.

[0029] In one possible implementation, the polarization direction of the nanoantenna when resonating is the same as the polarization direction of the target light.

[0030] In one possible implementation, the direction in which the nanoantenna emits light during resonance is the same as the direction in which the target light is emitted after passing through the nanoantenna.

[0031] In a possible implementation, forming a light-emitting layer on the connected nanoantenna and the first electrode includes: forming an exciton recombination layer on the connected nanoantenna and the first electrode.

[0032] In one possible implementation, forming a light-emitting layer on the connected nanoantenna and the first electrode also includes: forming at least one of a hole injection layer, a hole transport layer or an electron blocking layer between the exciton composite layer and the nanoantenna, and forming at least one of an electron injection layer, an electron transport layer or a hole blocking layer between the exciton composite layer and the second electrode; or, forming at least one of an electron injection layer, an electron transport layer or a hole blocking layer between the exciton composite layer and the nanoantenna, and forming at least one of a hole injection layer, a hole transport layer or an electron blocking layer between the exciton composite layer and the second electrode.

[0033] In a possible implementation, the distance between the exciton recombination layer and the nanoantenna is less than or equal to 20 nm.

[0034] In one possible implementation, the method further includes: forming an insulating medium on the first electrode, wherein the insulating medium only covers the first electrode.

[0035] In one possible implementation, the first electrode is an anode electrode, and the second electrode is a cathode electrode, or the first electrode is a cathode electrode, and the second electrode is an anode electrode.

[0036] A third aspect of an embodiment of the present application provides a pixel array, which includes a plurality of pixel units as described in the first aspect or any possible implementation method of the first aspect. The material used to make the light-emitting layers of these multiple pixel units is the same, so the light emitted by the light-emitting layers of these multiple pixel units is the same.

[0037] In one possible implementation, the light-emitting layers of the multiple pixel units are integrally formed.

[0038] A fourth aspect of the embodiments of the present application provides a display, which includes a driver chip and a pixel array as described in the third aspect, wherein the driver chip is used to provide a driving voltage for the pixel array.

[0039] A fifth aspect of the embodiments of the present application provides an electronic device, which includes a processor, a memory, and a display as described in the fourth aspect.

[0040] The pixel unit provided in an embodiment of the present application includes a substrate, a nanoantenna formed on the substrate and a first electrode connected to the nanoantenna, a light-emitting layer formed on the nanoantenna and the first electrode, and a second electrode formed on the light-emitting layer. In the pixel unit, the light-emitting layer, driven by the voltage provided by the first electrode and the second electrode, generates multiple lights with different wavelengths and emits them toward the nanoantenna. Since the resonant band of the nanoantenna includes the wavelength of the target light that can be emitted by the light-emitting layer, then, among the multiple lights generated by the light-emitting layer, at least one light with a wavelength within the resonant band of the nanoantenna, i.e., the target light, can be enhanced by the nanoantenna and emitted to the substrate, so that the substrate emits the target light to the outside of the pixel unit, while the remaining light with a wavelength outside the resonant band of the nanoantenna is suppressed by the nanoantenna and is difficult to be emitted to the substrate. In this way, the pixel unit can successfully emit the target light to the outside. Since the wavelength of the target light is screened, i.e., the color of the target light is selected, the pixel unit can emit light of a certain color to the outside. It can be seen that in a display constructed by multiple pixel units provided by the embodiments of the present application, each pixel unit can select to emit light with a specific wavelength (color) through its own nanoantenna. Then, the light-emitting layers of these multiple pixel units can use the same material, that is, the light-emitting layers of these multiple pixel units can be formed in one piece, so each pixel unit will not have side wall damage, which can effectively improve the luminous efficiency of all pixel units. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0041] FIG1 is a schematic structural diagram of a pixel unit provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0042] FIG2 is a schematic diagram showing the relationship between the length and the resonant center wavelength of a nanoantenna provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0043] FIG3 is a schematic structural diagram of a nanoantenna provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0044] FIG4 is another schematic structural diagram of a nanoantenna provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0045] FIG5 is a schematic diagram of the connection between the first electrode and the nano-antenna provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0046] FIG6 is a schematic diagram of the light-emitting band of the light-emitting layer provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0047] FIG7 is another schematic structural diagram of a pixel unit provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0048] FIG8 is a schematic flow chart of a method for manufacturing a pixel unit according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0049] FIG9 is a schematic diagram of a manufacturing process of a pixel unit provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0050] FIG10 is another schematic diagram of the manufacturing process of the pixel unit provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0051] FIG11 is another schematic diagram of the manufacturing process of the pixel unit provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0052] FIG12 is another schematic diagram of the manufacturing process of the pixel unit provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0053] FIG13 is another schematic diagram of the manufacturing process of the pixel unit provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0054] FIG14 is another schematic diagram of the manufacturing process of the pixel unit provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0055] FIG15 is a schematic diagram of an application example of a pixel array provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0056] FIG16 is a schematic diagram of another application example of the pixel array provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0057] FIG17 is a schematic diagram of another application example of the pixel array provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0058] FIG18 is a schematic diagram of another application example of the pixel array provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0059] FIG19 is a schematic diagram of another application example of the pixel array provided in an embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0060] The embodiment of the present application provides a pixel unit and a manufacturing method thereof. The light-emitting layers of multiple pixel units can be integrally formed, and each pixel unit will not have sidewall damage, which can effectively improve the light-emitting efficiency of all pixel units.

[0061] The terms "first", "second", etc. in the specification and claims of the present application and the above-mentioned drawings are used to distinguish similar objects, and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequential order. It should be understood that the terms used in this way can be interchangeable under appropriate circumstances, and this is merely a way of distinguishing the objects of the same attributes when describing them in the embodiments of the present application. In addition, the terms "including" and "having" and any of their variations are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusions, so that the process, method, system, product or equipment comprising a series of units need not be limited to those units, but may include other units that are not clearly listed or inherent to these processes, methods, products or equipment.

[0062] Display products such as μLED displays and OLED displays have the advantages of self-luminescence, fast response, wide viewing angle, high brightness, bright colors, and light weight, and are considered to be the next generation of display technology.

[0063] In the related art, in order to display color images, a display requires pixel units that can emit red, green, and blue light. Therefore, the multiple pixel units contained in the display can be divided into three categories: the first category is pixel units that can emit red light, the second category is pixel units that can emit green light, and the third category is pixel units that can emit blue light. These three types of pixel units can be arranged in an alternating manner to form a pixel array. For example, in any column of the pixel array, the column can contain several pixel units, which are, in order, pixel units that can emit red light, pixel units that can emit green light, pixel units that can emit blue light, pixel units that can emit red light, ..., pixel units that can emit blue light, and so on.

[0064] Since it is difficult to achieve these three colors of light emission using the same material, the light-emitting layers of these three types of pixel units need to be made of different materials. Therefore, when manufacturing these three types of pixel units, the light-emitting layers of these three types of pixel units need to be cut (that is, the light-emitting layers of these three types of pixel units need to be formed separately and cannot be formed as a whole) so that these three types of pixel units can be staggered together to form a pixel array. However, after the light-emitting layer of the pixel unit is cut, there will be side wall damage, that is, after the light-emitting layer of the pixel unit is cut, there will be side walls, and the side walls of the light-emitting layer will generate leakage current, which will reduce the current used for light emission and lead to lower overall luminous efficiency of the pixel unit.

[0065] Furthermore, in related art, the three types of pixel units require different materials for their light-emitting layers, and these materials often require different voltages to emit light. Consequently, displays based on these three types of pixel units are highly complex to manufacture, resulting in high manufacturing costs.

[0066] Furthermore, in related technologies, due to the limitations of the material of the light-emitting layer of the pixel unit, the spontaneous radiation linewidth of the pixel unit is usually large, that is, the wavelength band of light that can be emitted by the pixel unit (the light-emitting layer) is often wide, resulting in insufficient color purity of the light ultimately emitted by the pixel unit, thereby reducing the user experience.

[0067] Furthermore, in related technologies, to achieve polarized or directional display effects in certain scenarios, a polarizing filter or directional filter is added to the pixel units in the display to achieve polarized or directional light. However, these additional filters often weaken the intensity of light emitted by the pixel units, further reducing the luminous efficiency of the pixel units.

[0068] In order to solve the above problems, the embodiments of the present application provide a new type of pixel unit, a pixel array constructed based on the new pixel unit, and a display constructed based on the pixel array. The pixel unit provided by the embodiment of the present application is first introduced below. Figure 1 is a structural schematic diagram of the pixel unit provided by the embodiment of the present application. As shown in Figure 1, the pixel unit includes: a substrate, a nano-antenna and a first electrode (also referred to as a first electrode line) formed on the substrate, a light-emitting layer formed on the nano-antenna and the first electrode, and a second electrode (also referred to as a second electrode line) formed on the light-emitting layer. The following will introduce each component:

[0069] The substrate is typically made of a transparent material (e.g., glass, plastic, etc.). The first surface of the substrate serves as the light-emitting surface of the entire pixel unit, and the second surface of the substrate is provided with a nanoantenna and a first electrode. The first and second surfaces of the substrate are opposite surfaces.

[0070] Nanoantennas, similar to antennas used in wireless communications, are typically made of metals (e.g., gold, silver, aluminum, and copper) or other conductive materials. They resonate with light that possesses specific characteristics, such as wavelength, polarization, and direction. This means that when light strikes a nanoantenna, if its resonant characteristics match those of the light, the nanoantenna can enhance the speed and intensity of the light. Otherwise, the nanoantenna suppresses the light.

[0071] Specifically, the material, shape and size of the nanoantenna determine the resonant band of the nanoantenna. For nanoantennas of a specific material and shape, the size of the nanoantenna is proportional to the resonant band of the nanoantenna, that is, the larger the size of the nanoantenna, the larger the center wavelength of the resonant band of the nanoantenna. For example, as shown in Figure 2 (Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the relationship between the length and the resonant center wavelength of the nanoantenna provided in an embodiment of the present application), assume that there are nanoantenna a, nanoantenna b, and nanoantenna c, and the materials used to make these three nanoantennas are the same, and the shapes of these three nanoantennas are all horizontal strips. Since the length of nanoantenna a is 80nm, the length of nanoantenna b is 100nm, and the length of nanoantenna c is 120nm, the center wavelength of the resonant band of nanoantenna a is 450nm, the center wavelength of the resonant band of nanoantenna b is 550nm, and the center wavelength of the resonant band of nanoantenna c is 650nm.

[0072] The shape of the nanoantenna determines the polarization direction of the nanoantenna when it resonates (that is, the nanoantenna resonates in a certain direction or certain directions). Generally, the extension direction of the nanoantenna is the polarization direction of the nanoantenna when it resonates. For nanoantennas that do not have an obvious extension direction, it can be considered that the nanoantenna does not have a polarization direction when it resonates. For example, as shown in Figure 3 (Figure 3 is a structural schematic diagram of the nanoantenna provided in an embodiment of the present application), for a horizontal strip-shaped nanoantenna, its polarization direction when it resonates is horizontal (that is, the nanoantenna undergoes horizontal polarization resonance). For a vertical strip-shaped nanoantenna, its polarization direction when it resonates is longitudinal (that is, the nanoantenna undergoes longitudinal polarization resonance). For a circular nanoantenna (or a square nanoantenna, etc.), it does not have a polarization direction when it resonates (that is, the nanoantenna undergoes unpolarized resonance). For an elliptical nanoantenna, its polarization direction when it resonates has both a horizontal component and a longitudinal component (that is, the nanoantenna undergoes strong horizontal polarization resonance and weak longitudinal polarization resonance). For a right-handed spiral nanoantenna, its polarization direction when it resonates is clockwise (that is, the nanoantenna undergoes clockwise circular polarization resonance). For a left-handed helical nanoantenna, its polarization direction during resonance rotates counterclockwise (ie, the nanoantenna undergoes counterclockwise circular polarization resonance).

[0073] The shape of the nanoantenna determines the direction of light emission from the nanoantenna during resonance (i.e., the direction in which the nanoantenna emits light during resonance). For example, as shown in FIG4 ( FIG4 is another schematic diagram of the structure of a nanoantenna provided in an embodiment of the present application), when the nanoantenna is a Yagi antenna, it can emit light in a specific direction during resonance.

[0074] The first electrode is usually made of a metal material (for example, gold, silver, aluminum, copper and other metals) or other conductive materials. The first electrode is connected to the nano-antenna, and the first electrode and the nano-antenna can be arranged in the same layer, and the thickness of the two can be consistent (it should be noted that the first electrode and the nano-antenna can also be arranged in different layers, and the two are stacked, for example, the first electrode is arranged on the nano-antenna, and for example, the nano-antenna is arranged on the first electrode, etc.). Based on the above description, it can be seen that the first surface of the first electrode is bonded to the second surface of the substrate, and the first surface of the nano-antenna is bonded to the second surface of the substrate. In addition, a light-emitting layer is provided on the second surface of the first electrode and the second surface of the nano-antenna. The first surface of the first electrode and the second surface of the first electrode are two opposite surfaces, and the first surface of the nano-antenna and the second surface of the nano-antenna are two opposite surfaces.

[0075] The light-emitting layer can also be called an electroluminescent stack. Based on the above description, it can be seen that the first surface of the light-emitting layer is laminated to the second surface of the first electrode, and the first surface of the light-emitting layer is laminated to the second surface of the nano-antenna. In addition, a second electrode is provided on the second surface of the light-emitting layer, and the first surface of the light-emitting layer and the second surface of the light-emitting layer are two opposing surfaces. Therefore, the light-emitting layer is provided between the first electrode and the second electrode. Therefore, the light-emitting layer can generate target light under the voltage applied by the first electrode and the second electrode, and emit the target light to the nano-antenna, and the nano-antenna then emits the target light to the substrate, so that the substrate emits the target light outward.

[0076] The second electrode is typically made of a metal (e.g., gold, silver, aluminum, copper, etc.) or other conductive material. Based on the foregoing description, it is clear that the first surface of the second electrode is bonded to the second surface of the light-emitting layer. Furthermore, the second surface of the second electrode can remain exposed or be provided with other components, which will not be discussed in detail here (the first surface of the second electrode and the second surface of the second electrode are opposing surfaces).

[0077] It is worth noting that the resonant wavelength band of the nanoantenna can be determined by presetting at least one of the material, shape, and size of the nanoantenna. The resulting resonant wavelength band of the nanoantenna can include the wavelength of the target light that can be emitted by the light-emitting layer. Therefore, when the light-emitting layer operates under the action of the first electrode and the second electrode, since the light-emitting layer has a single emission wavelength band, it can generate multiple lights with different wavelengths and emit these multiple lights to the nanoantenna. Since the resonant wavelength band of the nanoantenna is already determined, at least one light with a wavelength within the resonant wavelength band of the nanoantenna, namely the target light, can be enhanced by the nanoantenna and emitted to the substrate, so that the substrate emits the target light to the outside of the pixel unit. The remaining light with wavelengths outside the resonant wavelength band of the nanoantenna is suppressed by the nanoantenna and is difficult to be emitted to the substrate. In this way, the pixel unit can successfully emit the target light externally. Because the wavelength of the target light is screened, that is, the color of the target light is selected, the pixel unit can emit light of a certain color externally.

[0078] For example, the light-emitting layer of a pixel unit can emit light with wavelengths of 400 nm, 401 nm, ..., and 800 nm toward the nanoantenna (i.e., the light-emitting layer has a wavelength range of 400 nm to 800 nm). Since the resonant wavelength of the nanoantenna is 640 nm to 660 nm (e.g., the resonant wavelength of the nanoantenna can be adjusted to 640 nm to 660 nm by adjusting its length), the nanoantenna can enhance light with wavelengths of 640 nm, 641 nm, ..., and 660 nm, and transmit this light to the substrate. Simultaneously, the nanoantenna can suppress light with wavelengths of 400 nm, 401 nm, ..., 639 nm, 661 nm, ..., and 800 nm, preventing these from being emitted to the substrate. As a result, the substrate can emit light with wavelengths of 640 nm, 641 nm, ..., and 660 nm, meaning that the pixel unit emits red light.

[0079] In one possible implementation, in order to facilitate manufacturing and avoid the first electrode affecting the resonance of the nanoantenna, the first electrode and the nanoantenna can both be strip-shaped structures, and one end of the first electrode can be connected to the middle of the nanoantenna. For example, as shown in Figure 5 (Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the connection between the first electrode and the nanoantenna provided in an embodiment of the present application), the connection position between the first electrode and the nanoantenna can be set in the middle of the nanoantenna.

[0080] In one possible implementation, the nanoantenna actually has multiple resonant bands, including a first-order resonant band, a second-order resonant band, and a third-order resonant band. The first-order resonant band has the largest central wavelength and the largest response amplitude, but the range of the first-order resonant band is relatively wide. If the first-order resonant band is used to filter light, the purity of the light emitted by the pixel unit may be insufficient. Based on this, the nanoantenna's higher-order resonant band can be used to filter light. The higher the order of the resonant band, the smaller the central wavelength, the smaller the response amplitude, and the narrower the band range. Therefore, when selecting the nanoantenna's higher-order resonant band, both the response amplitude and the band range can be considered. For example, for a nanoantenna with a length of 120 nm, the central wavelength of its first-order resonant band is 650 nm, and the central wavelength of its second-order resonant band is 480 nm. However, the linewidth (range) of the first-order resonant band is approximately 300 nm, while the linewidth of the second-order resonant band is only 20 nm.

[0081] In order to avoid mutual interference between adjacent order resonances, the light-emitting band of the light-emitting layer can be set to the range between the adjacent order resonance bands of the nanoantenna, that is, the starting wavelength of the light-emitting band of the light-emitting layer can be a wavelength between the second order resonance band and the third order resonance band of the nanoantenna, and the ending wavelength of the light-emitting band of the light-emitting layer can be a wavelength between the first order resonance band and the second order resonance band of the nanoantenna. For example, as shown in Figure 6 (Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the light-emitting band of the light-emitting layer provided in an embodiment of the present application), assuming that the center wavelength of the first order resonance band of the nanoantenna is 950nm, the center wavelength of the second order resonance band is 650nm, and the center wavelength of the third order resonance band is 300nm, if the second order resonance band of the nanoantenna is used to filter light, the light-emitting layer can be made of a material with a light-emitting band of 400nm to 800nm, which can avoid the influence of adjacent resonances.

[0082] It can be seen from this that the luminescent layer's luminescent band can only include the entire second-order resonant band of the nanoantenna. Therefore, the nanoantenna can excite target light with a wavelength falling within the nanoantenna's second-order resonant band from the multiple lights of different wavelengths emitted by the luminescent layer. In other words, the nanoantenna's second-order resonant band includes the wavelength of the target light that can be emitted by the luminescent layer. Specifically, after the luminescent layer emits multiple lights of different wavelengths to the nanoantenna, at least one light with a wavelength within the nanoantenna's second-order resonant band, i.e., the target light, can be enhanced by the nanoantenna and emitted to the substrate, so that the substrate emits the target light to the outside of the pixel unit. The remaining light with a wavelength outside the nanoantenna's second-order resonant band is suppressed by the nanoantenna and is difficult to emit to the substrate.

[0083] In one possible implementation, the nanoantenna's polarization direction during resonance can be determined by pre-setting its shape. The resulting polarization direction of the nanoantenna during resonance is the same as the polarization direction of the target light emitted by the light-emitting layer. Thus, the nanoantenna can excite target light with a wavelength within the nanoantenna's resonant band and the same polarization direction as the nanoantenna's polarization direction during resonance, from among multiple lights of different wavelengths and polarization directions emitted by the light-emitting layer. For example, assuming the nanoantenna's resonant band is 640nm to 660nm and its polarization direction during resonance is transverse, the light-emitting layer of the pixel unit can emit light with a wavelength of 400nm and a transverse polarization direction, ..., light with a wavelength of 650nm and a transverse polarization direction, light with a wavelength of 651nm and a longitudinal polarization direction, ..., and light with a wavelength of 800nm ​​and a longitudinal polarization direction toward the nanoantenna. The nanoantenna can then enhance the light with a wavelength of 640nm and a transverse polarization direction, light with a wavelength of 641nm and a transverse polarization direction, ..., and light with a wavelength of 650nm and a transverse polarization direction, and transmit this light to the substrate. At the same time, the nanoantennas suppress the remaining light (either with a wavelength outside the 640nm to 660nm range or with a non-horizontal polarization direction), preventing it from emitting into the substrate. This allows the substrate to emit light with a wavelength of 640nm and a horizontal polarization direction, then a wavelength of 641nm and a horizontal polarization direction, and finally a wavelength of 650nm and a horizontal polarization direction. This means that the pixel unit emits red light with a horizontal polarization direction.

[0084] In one possible implementation, the shape of the nanoantenna can be set in advance to determine the light-emitting direction of the nanoantenna when it resonates. The light-emitting direction of the obtained nanoantenna when it resonates is the same as the emission direction of the target light that can be emitted by the light-emitting layer (the emission direction of the target light can also be understood as the emission direction of the target light after passing through the nanoantenna). It can be seen that the nanoantenna can excite the target light with a wavelength falling within the resonant band of the nanoantenna and the same emission direction as the light-emitting direction of the nanoantenna when it resonates from the multiple lights with different wavelengths and different emission directions emitted by the light-emitting layer. For example, assume that the resonant band of the nanoantenna is 640nm~660nm, and the light-emitting direction of the nanoantenna when it resonates is horizontal. The pixel unit's light-emitting layer can emit light with a wavelength of 400 nm and a horizontal polarization direction, ..., light with a wavelength of 650 nm and a horizontal emission direction, light with a wavelength of 651 nm and an oblique emission direction, ..., and light with a wavelength of 800 nm and an oblique emission direction toward the nanoantenna. Thus, the nanoantenna can enhance light with a wavelength of 640 nm and a horizontal emission direction, light with a wavelength of 641 nm and a horizontal emission direction, ..., and light with a wavelength of 650 nm and a horizontal emission direction, and transmit this light to the substrate. Simultaneously, the nanoantenna can suppress the remaining light (either with a wavelength outside the range of 640 nm to 660 nm or with an emission direction other than horizontal), preventing it from being emitted to the substrate. In this way, the substrate can emit light with a wavelength of 640 nm and a horizontal emission direction, light with a wavelength of 641 nm and a horizontal emission direction, ..., and light with a wavelength of 650 nm and a horizontal emission direction, meaning that the pixel unit emits red light with a horizontal emission direction.

[0085] In one possible implementation, the light-emitting layer includes an exciton composite layer, which is composed of one or more light-emitting materials. Specifically, the exciton composite layer can have a variety of structures: (1) The exciton composite layer can include multiple layers of different materials, each layer of which can emit light of a specific color under the action of voltage. For example, the exciton composite layer can include three layers stacked in sequence, and after applying a voltage, these three layers can emit red light, green light and blue light respectively. (2) The exciton composite layer can be composed of mixed light-emitting materials, which can emit wide-band light, including red light, green light and blue light, etc., after applying a voltage. It should be noted that the light-emitting material used to manufacture the exciton composite layer can include at least one of the following: zinc phthalocyanine, copper-doped zinc sulfide, 8-hydroxyquinoline aluminum, etc.

[0086] In one possible implementation, the light-emitting layer may further include one or more of the following: a hole injection layer, a hole transport layer, an electron blocking layer, an electron injection layer, an electron transport layer, or a hole blocking layer. These layers may promote the migration of holes or electrons, or inhibit the migration of holes or electrons. Generally, there are two situations: (1) If the first electrode is an anode electrode and the second electrode is a cathode electrode, at least one of the hole injection layer, hole transport layer, or electron blocking layer may be disposed between the exciton recombination layer and the nanoantenna, and at least one of the electron injection layer, electron transport layer, or hole blocking layer may be disposed between the exciton recombination layer and the nanoantenna, and at least one of the hole injection layer, hole transport layer, or electron blocking layer may be disposed between the exciton recombination layer and the second electrode. For the sake of convenience, the following will be introduced based on situation (1). Situation (2) is similar to situation (1) and will not be described in detail. In case (1), if at least one of a hole injection layer, a hole transport layer or an electron blocking layer is provided between the exciton composite layer and the nanoantenna, the stacking order of the at least one layer can be arbitrary and is not limited here. Similarly, if at least one of an electron injection layer, an electron transport layer or a hole blocking layer is provided between the exciton composite layer and the second electrode, the stacking order of the at least one layer can also be arbitrary and is not limited here. For example, as shown in FIG7 (FIG. 7 is another structural schematic diagram of a pixel unit provided in an embodiment of the present application), a nanoantenna and a first electrode connected to each other are provided on a transparent substrate, an exciton composite layer is provided on the nanoantenna and the first electrode, a second electrode is provided on the exciton composite layer, a hole injection layer is provided between the nanoantenna and the exciton composite layer, and an electron injection layer and an electron transport layer are provided between the second electrode and the exciton composite layer. As can be seen from this, when a certain voltage is applied to the light-emitting layer by the first and second electrodes, holes and electrons will move toward each other. That is, holes move from the first electrode to the second electrode (assuming the first electrode is the anode electrode and the second electrode is the cathode electrode), and electrons move from the second electrode to the first electrode. The two combine in the exciton recombination layer to emit light, which is spontaneous radiation luminescence. Then, the light generated by the light-emitting layer (the exciton recombination layer) will be emitted to the nanoantenna, interact with (couple with) the nanoantenna connected to the first electrode, and then be emitted by the nanoantenna to the substrate.

[0087] In addition, the materials of each layer included in the light-emitting layer can be as shown in Table 1:

[0088] Table 1

[0089]

[0090] It should be understood that this embodiment is merely a schematic introduction of the materials shown in Table 1 and does not limit the materials of each layer in the light-emitting layer.

[0091] In one possible implementation, in order to achieve a stronger coupling effect between the exciton composite layer and the nanoantenna, the distance between the exciton composite layer and the nanoantenna can be set to be less than or equal to 20 nm, for example, the exciton composite layer and the nanoantenna are in direct contact, or, if at least one of a hole injection layer, a hole transport layer or an electron blocking layer is provided between the exciton composite layer and the nanoantenna, the total thickness of the at least one layer is less than or equal to 20 nm.

[0092] In one possible implementation, in order to prevent the first electrode from affecting the resonance of the nanoantenna and to limit the light-emitting position of the entire pixel unit to the area where the nanoantenna is located, an insulating medium can be coated on the surface of the first electrode so that the insulating medium only covers the first electrode. It can be seen that the first electrode and the light-emitting layer are separated by the insulating medium and the two will not contact each other. Only the nanoantenna is in contact with the light-emitting layer, so the light emitted by the light-emitting layer is basically directed toward the nanoantenna. Still taking the example shown in Figure 7, the surface of the first electrode is coated with a certain thickness of insulating medium. It can be seen that between the nanoantenna and the exciton composite layer are the hole injection layer and the hole transport layer, that is, the nanoantenna is in contact with the light-emitting layer, and between the first electrode and the exciton composite layer is the insulating medium, that is, the first electrode and the light-emitting layer are not in contact. Since there is no current in the insulating medium, there is no light in the insulating medium, so the light generated by the light-emitting layer is concentratedly emitted toward the nanoantenna.

[0093] In one possible implementation, the first electrode and the second electrode are paired electrodes, so there are the following two situations: (1) The first electrode is an anode electrode, and the second electrode is a cathode electrode. (2) The first electrode is a cathode electrode, and the second electrode is an anode electrode. It should be noted that the difference between situation (1) and situation (2) is that the materials and thicknesses of the various layers in the light-emitting layer may be different. For example, in situation (2), the exciton recombination layer is preferably made of a material with an electron mobility smaller than the hole mobility, while in situation (1), the exciton recombination layer is preferably made of a material with an electron mobility larger than the hole mobility. This allows the recombination region of holes and electrons to be closer to the nanoantenna, which is conducive to efficient coupled luminescence.

[0094] The pixel unit provided in an embodiment of the present application includes a substrate, a nanoantenna formed on the substrate and a first electrode connected to the nanoantenna, a light-emitting layer formed on the nanoantenna and the first electrode, and a second electrode formed on the light-emitting layer. In the pixel unit, the light-emitting layer, driven by the voltage provided by the first electrode and the second electrode, generates multiple lights with different wavelengths and emits them toward the nanoantenna. Since the resonant band of the nanoantenna includes the wavelength of the target light that can be emitted by the light-emitting layer, then, among the multiple lights generated by the light-emitting layer, at least one light with a wavelength within the resonant band of the nanoantenna, i.e., the target light, can be enhanced by the nanoantenna and emitted to the substrate, so that the substrate emits the target light to the outside of the pixel unit, while the remaining light with a wavelength outside the resonant band of the nanoantenna is suppressed by the nanoantenna and is difficult to be emitted to the substrate. In this way, the pixel unit can successfully emit the target light to the outside. Since the wavelength of the target light is screened, i.e., the color of the target light is selected, the pixel unit can emit light of a certain color to the outside. It can be seen that in a display constructed by multiple pixel units provided by the embodiments of the present application, each pixel unit can select to emit light with a specific wavelength (color) through its own nanoantenna. Then, the light-emitting layers of these multiple pixel units can use the same material (that is, the light emitted by the light-emitting layers of these multiple pixel units is the same), that is, the light-emitting layers of these multiple pixel units can be formed as one piece, so each pixel unit will not have side wall damage, which can effectively improve the luminous efficiency of all pixel units.

[0095] Furthermore, in a display constructed from multiple pixel units provided by embodiments of the present application, the light-emitting layers of these multiple pixel units can be made of the same material, and thus can be driven at the same voltage. This reduces the complexity of the display manufacturing process, thereby effectively lowering manufacturing costs, due to the same material used for the light-emitting layers and the same required voltage.

[0096] Furthermore, in the embodiment of the present application, even if the spontaneous radiation linewidth of the pixel unit is generally large, that is, the pixel unit (the light-emitting layer) can emit a wider band of light, since the range of the resonant band of the nanoantenna can be set to be narrower (for example, using the second-order resonant band of the nanoantenna), the nanoantenna can accurately excite the target light with a wavelength falling within the resonant band, thereby improving the color purity of the light finally emitted by the pixel unit, thereby improving the user experience.

[0097] Furthermore, in the pixel unit provided in the embodiment of the present application, the nanoantenna can excite light with a certain wavelength and a certain polarization direction (or emission direction) from the multiple lights generated by the light-emitting layer. Therefore, the display constructed based on the pixel unit provided in the embodiment of the present application does not require additional polarization filters (or directional filters), so it will not weaken the intensity of the light emitted by the pixel unit, and the luminous efficiency of the pixel unit can be maintained.

[0098] The above is a detailed description of the pixel unit provided in the embodiment of the present application. The following describes a method for manufacturing the pixel unit provided in the embodiment of the present application. FIG8 is a flow chart of a method for manufacturing the pixel unit provided in the embodiment of the present application. As shown in FIG8 , the method includes:

[0099] 801. Form a nano-antenna and a first electrode connected to the nano-antenna on a substrate.

[0100] In this embodiment, a nanoantenna and a first electrode connected to the nanoantenna are fabricated on a transparent substrate. For example, as shown in FIG9 ( FIG9 is a schematic diagram of the manufacturing process of a pixel unit provided in an embodiment of the present application), a resist is first applied to a glass substrate, followed by photolithography and continuous vacuum thermal evaporation. The nanoantenna and anode electrode lines connected to the nanoantenna are fabricated on the substrate according to a predetermined length and shape.

[0101] In one possible implementation, the first electrode and the nanoantenna are both strip-shaped structures, and one end of the first electrode is connected to the middle of the nanoantenna.

[0102] In one possible implementation, the first electrode and the nanoantenna are arranged in the same layer.

[0103] 802. Form a light-emitting layer on the connected nano-antenna and the first electrode, wherein the resonant wavelength of the nano-antenna is equal to the wavelength of the target light that can be emitted by the light-emitting layer, and the target light is the light emitted by the pixel unit.

[0104] Next, a light-emitting layer may be formed on the connected nano-antenna and the first electrode. Specifically, the light-emitting layer may be formed by:

[0105] (1) An insulating dielectric is formed on the first electrode, and the insulating dielectric only covers the first electrode. For example, as shown in FIG10 (FIG. 10 is another schematic diagram of the manufacturing process of the pixel unit provided in an embodiment of the present application, and FIG10 is obtained by drawing based on FIG9), an insulating dielectric layer covering the anode electrode line is manufactured by photolithography to shield the electrode line, weaken the effect of the electrode line on the nano-antenna, and limit the light-emitting position of the pixel unit to the area near the nano-antenna, because only the nano-antenna is in direct contact with the light-emitting layer.

[0106] (2) An exciton composite layer is formed on the connected nanoantenna and the first electrode, and at least one of a hole injection layer, a hole transport layer or an electron blocking layer is formed between the exciton composite layer and the nanoantenna, and at least one of an electron injection layer, an electron transport layer or a hole blocking layer is formed between the exciton composite layer and the second electrode. For example, as shown in Figures 11 and 12, (Figure 11 is another schematic diagram of the manufacturing process of the pixel unit provided in the embodiment of the present application, and Figure 12 is another schematic diagram of the manufacturing process of the pixel unit provided in the embodiment of the present application, Figure 11 is obtained by drawing on the basis of Figure 10, and Figure 12 is obtained by drawing on the basis of Figure 11), the first layer of the light-emitting layer is manufactured by vacuum thermal evaporation (or solution deposition), and covered on the nanoantenna. Of course, if the light-emitting layer includes multiple layers, the remaining layers except the first layer can be manufactured by vacuum thermal evaporation and sequentially covered on the already manufactured layers. It should be noted that some layers in the light-emitting layer (for example, the second layer, the third layer and the fourth layer of the light-emitting layer, etc.) may also be covered on the insulating dielectric layer.

[0107] In one possible implementation, the second-order resonance wavelength band of the nanoantenna includes the wavelength of the target light that can be emitted by the light-emitting layer.

[0108] In one possible implementation, the polarization direction of the nanoantenna when resonating is the same as the polarization direction of the target light.

[0109] In one possible implementation, the direction in which the nanoantenna emits light during resonance is the same as the direction in which the target light is emitted after passing through the nanoantenna.

[0110] In a possible implementation, the distance between the exciton recombination layer and the nanoantenna is less than or equal to 20 nm.

[0111] It should be understood that in this embodiment, the insulating medium is formed on the first electrode for schematic description only. In actual applications, the insulating medium may not be formed on the first electrode.

[0112] It should also be understood that in this embodiment, only at least one of a hole injection layer, a hole transport layer, or an electron blocking layer is formed between the exciton recombination layer and the nanoantenna, and at least one of an electron injection layer, an electron transport layer, or a hole blocking layer is formed between the exciton recombination layer and the second electrode for schematic introduction. In actual applications, the following situations may also exist: (1) neither a hole injection layer, a hole transport layer, nor an electron blocking layer is formed between the exciton recombination layer and the nanoantenna, nor an electron injection layer, an electron transport layer, nor a hole blocking layer is formed between the exciton recombination layer and the second electrode. (2) At least one of a hole injection layer, a hole transport layer, or an electron blocking layer is formed between the exciton recombination layer and the nanoantenna, but no electron injection layer, an electron transport layer, or a hole blocking layer is formed between the exciton recombination layer and the second electrode. (3) No hole injection layer, a hole transport layer, nor an electron blocking layer is formed between the exciton recombination layer and the nanoantenna, but at least one of an electron injection layer, an electron transport layer, or a hole blocking layer is formed between the exciton recombination layer and the second electrode, and so on.

[0113] It should also be understood that the above description is only schematically introduced with the first electrode as the anode electrode and the second electrode as the cathode electrode. In actual applications, the first electrode can also be the cathode electrode, and the second electrode can also be the anode electrode. In this case, after the exciton composite layer is formed on the connected nanoantenna and the first electrode, at least one of an electron injection layer, an electron transport layer or a hole blocking layer can be formed between the exciton composite layer and the nanoantenna, and at least one of a hole injection layer, a hole transport layer or an electron blocking layer can be formed between the exciton composite layer and the second electrode.

[0114] It should also be understood that the above examples are schematically described by only forming at least one of an electron injection layer, an electron transport layer, or a hole blocking layer between the exciton recombination layer and the nanoantenna, and forming at least one of a hole injection layer, a hole transport layer, or an electron blocking layer between the exciton recombination layer and the second electrode. In actual applications, the following situations may also exist: (1) neither an electron injection layer, an electron transport layer, nor a hole blocking layer is formed between the exciton recombination layer and the nanoantenna, nor a hole injection layer, a hole transport layer, or an electron blocking layer is formed between the exciton recombination layer and the second electrode. (2) At least one of an electron injection layer, an electron transport layer, or a hole blocking layer is formed between the exciton recombination layer and the nanoantenna, but a hole injection layer, a hole transport layer, or an electron blocking layer is not formed between the exciton recombination layer and the second electrode. (3) No electron injection layer, an electron transport layer, or a hole blocking layer is formed between the exciton recombination layer and the nanoantenna, but at least one of a hole injection layer, a hole transport layer, or an electron blocking layer is formed between the exciton recombination layer and the second electrode, and so on.

[0115] 803. Form a second electrode on the light-emitting layer.

[0116] Finally, a second electrode can be formed on the light-emitting layer to obtain the entire pixel unit. For example, as shown in Figures 13 and 14 (Figure 13 is another schematic diagram of the manufacturing process of the pixel unit provided in an embodiment of the present application, and Figure 14 is another schematic diagram of the manufacturing process of the pixel unit provided in an embodiment of the present application, Figure 13 is drawn on the basis of Figure 12, and Figure 14 is drawn on the basis of Figure 13), cathode electrode lines can be manufactured on the last layer of the light-emitting layer by vacuum thermal evaporation. Before manufacturing the cathode electrode lines, calcium or lithium fluoride can be deposited in a nitrogen glove box system to improve the luminescence performance. After manufacturing the cathode electrode lines, the entire pixel unit can be encapsulated, that is, the top surface of the pixel unit is encapsulated with epoxy resin in a nitrogen environment to prevent water and oxygen from penetrating into the pixel unit, and the side surface can also be covered with a polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) mask.

[0117] The pixel unit manufactured in the embodiment of the present application includes a substrate, a nano-antenna formed on the substrate and a first electrode connected to the nano-antenna, a light-emitting layer formed on the nano-antenna and the first electrode, and a second electrode formed on the light-emitting layer. In the pixel unit, the light-emitting layer, driven by the voltage provided by the first electrode and the second electrode, generates multiple lights with different wavelengths and emits them toward the nano-antenna. Since the resonant band of the nano-antenna includes the wavelength of the target light that can be emitted by the light-emitting layer, then, among the multiple lights generated by the light-emitting layer, at least one light with a wavelength within the resonant band of the nano-antenna, i.e., the target light, can be enhanced by the nano-antenna and emitted to the substrate, so that the substrate emits the target light to the outside of the pixel unit, while the remaining light with a wavelength outside the resonant band of the nano-antenna is suppressed by the nano-antenna and is difficult to be emitted to the substrate. In this way, the pixel unit can successfully emit the target light to the outside. Since the wavelength of the target light is screened, i.e., the color of the target light is selected, the pixel unit can emit light of a certain color to the outside. It can be seen that in a display constructed by multiple pixel units provided by the embodiments of the present application, each pixel unit can select to emit light with a specific wavelength (color) through its own nanoantenna. Then, the light-emitting layers of these multiple pixel units can use the same material, that is, the light-emitting layers of these multiple pixel units can be formed in one piece, so each pixel unit will not have side wall damage, which can effectively improve the luminous efficiency of all pixel units.

[0118] The present application also relates to a pixel array, which includes a plurality of pixel units as shown in FIG1 . These pixel units can be arranged in a certain order to form an array. It should be noted that the light-emitting layers of these plurality of pixel units can be made of the same material, so they can be integrally formed.

[0119] The materials, shapes, and sizes of the nanoantennas in these multiple pixel units can be the same or different, so the resonant wavelengths of different pixel units can be the same or different. Similarly, the polarization directions of different pixel units during resonance can be the same or different, and the light emission directions of different pixel units during resonance can be the same or different.

[0120] In this way, the pixel array can simultaneously emit light of different wavelengths (colors), can simultaneously emit light of different polarization directions (ie, different polarized light), and can simultaneously emit light of different emission directions.

[0121] To further understand the pixel array, the following further introduces the pixel array in combination with several application examples:

[0122] FIG15 is a schematic diagram of an application example of a pixel array provided in an embodiment of the present application. As shown in FIG15 , the pixel array includes three rows, each row includes three pixel units. The nanoantennas of these three pixel units are made of the same material and are all in the shape of horizontal strips, but the lengths of these three pixel units are different. The nanoantenna of the pixel unit on the left is the longest, the nanoantenna of the pixel unit in the middle is the second longest, and the nanoantenna of the pixel unit on the left is the shortest. It is worth noting that the light-emitting layers of these nine pixel units can be integrally formed, and the substrates of these nine pixel units can also be integrally formed. Moreover, the first electrodes and the second electrodes of these nine pixel units can be arranged in an alternating manner in rows and columns, so that the first electrode of a row can be turned on in turn to select the row, and then the second electrodes of the pixel units in the row that need to emit light can be turned on, thereby controlling the light emission of a specific pixel unit, that is, emitting light of a specific color.

[0123] FIG16 is a schematic diagram of another application example of the pixel array provided in an embodiment of the present application. As shown in FIG16 , the pixel array includes multiple rows, each row including multiple pixel units, which are pixel units that can emit red light, pixel units that can emit green light, pixel units that can emit blue light, ..., pixel units that can emit red light, pixel units that can emit green light, and pixel units that can emit blue light, in order. The color of light emitted by a pixel unit is determined by the length of the nanoantenna of the pixel unit, and the light-emitting layers of all pixel units are made of the same material (i.e., integrally formed), which greatly facilitates the manufacture of the pixel array.

[0124] FIG17 is a schematic diagram of another application example of a pixel array provided in an embodiment of the present application. As shown in FIG17 , the pixel array includes multiple rows. The first row includes multiple pixel units, which are, in order, pixel units capable of emitting red light with a horizontal polarization direction, pixel units capable of emitting green light with a horizontal polarization direction, pixel units capable of emitting blue light with a horizontal polarization direction, ..., pixel units capable of emitting blue light with a horizontal polarization direction. The second row includes multiple pixel units, which are, in order, pixel units capable of emitting red light with a vertical polarization direction, pixel units capable of emitting green light with a vertical polarization direction, pixel units capable of emitting blue light with a vertical polarization direction, ..., pixel units capable of emitting blue light with a vertical polarization direction. Similarly, the last row contains multiple pixel units, which are, in order, a pixel unit that can emit red light with a longitudinal polarization direction, a pixel unit that can emit green light with a longitudinal polarization direction, a pixel unit that can emit blue light with a longitudinal polarization direction, ..., a pixel unit that can emit blue light with a longitudinal polarization direction. The color of the light emitted by a pixel unit is determined by the length of its nanoantenna, and the polarization direction of the light emitted by the pixel unit is determined by the shape of its nanoantenna. Therefore, this pixel array can utilize the polarization direction of the nanoantenna at resonance to achieve multiple polarizations of light emission, without the need for additional polarization filters, thus avoiding loss of luminous efficiency.

[0125] FIG18 is a schematic diagram of another application example of the pixel array provided in an embodiment of the present application. As shown in FIG18 , the pixel array includes multiple rows. The first row includes multiple pixel units, which are sequentially configured to emit red light in a horizontal direction, green light in a horizontal direction, blue light in a horizontal direction, ..., blue light in a horizontal direction. The second row includes multiple pixel units, which are sequentially configured to emit red light in an oblique direction, green light in an oblique direction, blue light in an oblique direction, ..., blue light in an oblique direction. Similarly, the last row contains multiple pixel units, which are, in order, a pixel unit that can emit red light with an oblique emission direction, a pixel unit that can emit green light with an oblique emission direction, a pixel unit that can emit blue light with an oblique emission direction, ..., a pixel unit that can emit blue light with an oblique emission direction. The color of the light emitted by a pixel unit is determined by the length of its nanoantenna, and the direction of its emission is determined by its shape. Therefore, this pixel array can utilize the emission direction of the nanoantenna at resonance to achieve multiple emission modes, without the need for additional emission filters, thus avoiding loss of luminous efficiency.

[0126] FIG19 is a schematic diagram of another application example of the pixel array provided by an embodiment of the present application. As shown in FIG19 , in the pixel array, an insulating dielectric layer and a guiding layer may be arranged in a staggered manner between the nano-antenna layer and the substrate, so that the light-emitting direction of the pixel unit can be set by using components (units) other than the nano-antenna. The guiding layer is provided with a guiding structure unit (which may be made of a metal material or other point material). Then, after the light acting on the nano-antenna passes through the insulating dielectric layer, it will be concentrated on the guiding structure unit in the guiding layer and, under the guidance of the guiding structure unit, emitted in a certain direction (such as the horizontal direction and the inclined direction in FIG19 ).

[0127] An embodiment of the present application also relates to a display, which may include a driver chip and a pixel array as described in any one of Figures 14 to 19, wherein the driver chip is used to provide a driving voltage for the pixel array.

[0128] An embodiment of the present application also relates to an electronic device, which includes a processor, a memory, and the aforementioned display.

[0129] The above are only specific embodiments of the present application, but the scope of protection of this application is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by a person skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in this application should be included in the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, the scope of protection of this application should be based on the scope of protection of the claims.

Claims

1. A pixel unit, characterized in that: The pixel unit includes: substrate; A nano-antenna and a first electrode are formed on the substrate, wherein the nano-antenna and the first electrode are connected; A light-emitting layer formed on the nano-antenna and the first electrode, wherein the resonant wavelength band of the nano-antenna includes the wavelength of the target light emitted by the light-emitting layer, and the target light is the light emitted by the pixel unit; A second electrode is formed on the light emitting layer.

2. The pixel unit according to claim 1, wherein: The first electrode and the nano-antenna are both strip-shaped structures, and one end of the first electrode is connected to the middle of the nano-antenna.

3. The pixel unit according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The first electrode and the nano-antenna are arranged on the same layer.

4. The pixel unit according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The second-order resonance wavelength band of the nanoantenna includes the wavelength of the target light that can be emitted by the light-emitting layer.

5. The pixel unit according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The polarization direction of the nanoantenna during resonance is the same as the polarization direction of the target light.

6. The pixel unit according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The direction in which the nanoantenna emits light during resonance is the same as the direction in which the target light is emitted after passing through the nanoantenna.

7. The pixel unit according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: The pixel unit further includes an insulating medium, and the insulating medium only covers the first electrode.

8. The pixel unit according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein: The light-emitting layer includes an exciton recombination layer.

9. The pixel unit according to claim 8, wherein: The light-emitting layer further comprises at least one of the following: a hole injection layer, a hole transport layer, an electron blocking layer, an electron injection layer, an electron transport layer, or a hole blocking layer; At least one of the hole injection layer, the hole transport layer, or the electron blocking layer is formed between the exciton recombination layer and the nanoantenna, and at least one of the electron injection layer, the electron transport layer, or the hole blocking layer is formed between the exciton recombination layer and the second electrode; or At least one of the electron injection layer, the electron transport layer or the hole blocking layer is formed between the exciton composite layer and the nanoantenna, and at least one of the hole injection layer, the hole transport layer or the electron blocking layer is formed between the exciton composite layer and the second electrode.

10. The pixel unit according to claim 9, wherein: The distance between the exciton composite layer and the nanoantenna is less than or equal to 20 nm.

11. The pixel unit according to any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that: The first electrode is an anode electrode, and the second electrode is a cathode electrode, or the first electrode is a cathode electrode, and the second electrode is an anode electrode.

12. A method for manufacturing a pixel unit, characterized in that: The method comprises: forming a nano-antenna and a first electrode connected to the nano-antenna on a substrate; forming a light-emitting layer on the connected nano-antenna and the first electrode, wherein the resonant wavelength of the nano-antenna is equal to the wavelength of the target light emitted by the light-emitting layer, and the target light is the light emitted by the pixel unit; A second electrode is formed on the light emitting layer.

13. The method according to claim 12, characterized in that The first electrode and the nano-antenna are both strip-shaped structures, and one end of the first electrode is connected to the middle of the nano-antenna.

14. The pixel unit according to claim 12 or 13, characterized in that: The first electrode and the nano-antenna are arranged on the same layer.

15. The method according to any one of claims 12 to 14, characterized in that The second-order resonance wavelength band of the nanoantenna includes the wavelength of the target light that can be emitted by the light-emitting layer.

16. The method according to any one of claims 12 to 15, characterized in that The polarization direction of the nanoantenna during resonance is the same as the polarization direction of the target light.

17. The method according to any one of claims 12 to 16, characterized in that The direction in which the nanoantenna emits light during resonance is the same as the direction in which the target light is emitted after passing through the nanoantenna.

18. The method according to any one of claims 12 to 17, characterized in that The method further comprises: An insulating medium is formed on the first electrode, wherein the insulating medium only covers the first electrode.

19. The method according to any one of claims 12 to 18, characterized in that The forming of the light-emitting layer on the connected nano-antenna and the first electrode comprises: An exciton recombination layer is formed on the connected nano-antenna and the first electrode.

20. The method according to claim 19, wherein The step of forming a light-emitting layer on the connected nano-antenna and the first electrode further comprises: forming at least one of the hole injection layer, the hole transport layer or the electron blocking layer between the exciton recombination layer and the nanoantenna, and forming at least one of the electron injection layer, the electron transport layer or the hole blocking layer between the exciton recombination layer and the second electrode; or At least one of the electron injection layer, the electron transport layer or the hole blocking layer is formed between the exciton composite layer and the nanoantenna, and at least one of the hole injection layer, the hole transport layer or the electron blocking layer is formed between the exciton composite layer and the second electrode.

21. The method according to claim 20, characterized in that The distance between the exciton composite layer and the nanoantenna is less than or equal to 20 nm.

22. The method according to any one of claims 12 to 21, characterized in that The first electrode is an anode electrode, and the second electrode is a cathode electrode, or the first electrode is a cathode electrode, and the second electrode is an anode electrode.

23. A pixel array, characterized in that: The pixel array comprises a plurality of pixel units according to any one of claims 1 to 11, and the light emitted by the light-emitting layers of the plurality of pixel units is the same.

24. The pixel array according to claim 23, wherein: The light-emitting layers of the plurality of pixel units are integrally formed.

25. A display, characterized in that: The display comprises a driving chip and the pixel array according to claim 23 or 24, wherein the driving chip is used to provide a driving voltage for the pixel array.

26. An electronic device, characterized in that: The electronic device comprises a processor, a memory and the display as claimed in claim 25.

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