Cultivation method of selenium-rich blueberries

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of selenium-rich blueberry planting, and particularly relates to a selenium-rich blueberry cultivation method which comprises the following steps: S1, selecting a proper variety according to climate conditions of a planting field; s2, selecting a place with loose soil, rich organic matters and good drainage for planting; s3, the selected soil is subjected to impurity removal, and meanwhile protection facilities are built around the soil; s4, planting pre-selected high-quality nursery stocks in the planting furrows or holes between autumn without drought in winter and early spring germination; the invention innovatively proposes that in the early stage, the middle stage and the later stage of selenium-rich blueberry growth, the selenium absorption of blueberry leaves is realized by accurately spraying an inorganic selenium solution. And the cost is low. Meanwhile, the selenium content of the blueberries is rapidly increased. According to the method, the problems of enrichment nonuniformity and low absorptivity possibly caused by soil selenium application are solved. Therefore, the selenium content of the selenium-rich blueberries is greatly increased, and the overall quality and yield of the blueberries are remarkably improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of selenium-enriched blueberry planting, and particularly relates to a cultivation method of selenium-enriched blueberry. Background Art

[0002] Blueberries are rich in nutrients and have the functions of preventing brain nerve aging, protecting eyesight, strengthening the heart, fighting cancer, softening blood vessels, and enhancing human immunity. They are rich in anthocyanins, which have the effect of activating the retina, strengthening eyesight, and preventing eye fatigue, and have attracted much attention. Blueberries are sweet and sour, and have a pleasant and refreshing aroma, making them a good choice for fresh food.

[0003] In the cultivation process of selenium-rich blueberries, the yield and quality of blueberries are deeply affected by soil nutrients, especially the selenium content. Given that blueberries have shallow roots and limited absorption capacity, selenium is mainly supplemented by applying selenium-containing fertilizers. However, the practice of directly spreading fertilizers on the soil often makes the distribution and penetration of selenium in the soil uneven. This uneven distribution makes it difficult for the roots of blueberries to effectively absorb selenium, which not only reduces the selenium content in blueberries, but also significantly affects their overall quality and yield. Summary of the invention

[0004] The object of the present invention is to provide a method for cultivating selenium-enriched blueberries, aiming to solve the problem in the prior art that, during the cultivation process of selenium-enriched blueberries, the yield and quality of blueberries are deeply affected by soil nutrients, especially the selenium content. In view of the shallow root system of blueberries and limited absorption capacity, selenium is mainly supplemented by applying selenium-containing fertilizers. However, the practice of directly spreading fertilizers on the soil often makes the distribution and penetration of selenium in the soil uneven. This uneven distribution makes it difficult for the roots of blueberries to effectively absorb selenium, which not only reduces the selenium content in blueberries, but also significantly affects their overall quality and yield.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a method for cultivating selenium-enriched blueberries, comprising the following steps: S1, selecting a suitable variety according to the climatic conditions of the planting site;

[0006] S2. Choose a place with loose soil, rich organic matter and good drainage for planting; S3. Remove weeds from the selected soil and build protective facilities around the soil; S4. Plant the pre-selected high-quality seedlings in the planting ditch or hole between autumn when winter is not dry and early spring when the seedlings sprout;

[0007] S5. Water the roots after planting. After the water sinks, the root base should be flush with the ridge surface. Do not plant too deep or too shallow. Then water the soil appropriately when it is dry. S6. During the flowering period, artificial pollination should be carried out regularly. Then cooperate with natural pollination. Sufficient pollination can increase the fruit setting rate and thus increase the yield. S7. Spray the blueberry with inorganic selenium solution in the early stage (leaf expansion stage), middle stage (flowering stage or growth stage) and late stage (fruiting stage or early harvest stage). The organic selenium solution is sprayed on the leaves during the blueberry growing season, so as to harvest organic selenium-rich blueberries that meet health requirements; S8. Pruning is carried out in the early (leaf expansion period), middle (flowering period or growth period) and late (fruiting period or early harvest) growth stages of blueberries, and weak and old branches are cut off. At the same time, the overlapping position of the leaves between two blueberry plants is adjusted so that each blueberry plant can fully carry out photosynthesis; S9. During the growth period of blueberries, the occurrence of diseases and insect pests is fully prevented, and pesticides are sprayed appropriately in the early, middle and late stages.

[0008] As a preferred method for cultivating selenium-rich blueberries of the present invention, in step S1, it is suitable to select shortbush selenium-rich blueberries and northern highbush selenium-rich blueberries in northern areas with cold climatic conditions, and it is suitable to select southern highbush selenium-rich blueberries and rabbiteye selenium-rich blueberries in southern areas with warm climatic conditions.

[0009] As a preferred method for cultivating selenium-enriched blueberries of the present invention, in step S2, the pH value of the soil is maintained between 4.0-5.5, and the best is 4.5-5.5; the soil is loosened manually or with modern mechanical equipment to ensure smooth planting and the nutrients required for seed growth.

[0010] As a preferred method for cultivating selenium-rich blueberries of the present invention, in step S3, weeds are removed from the soil manually; protective facilities are provided by surrounding the soil with guardrails connected end to end, and spray pipes and bird-repelling equipment are constructed.

[0011] As a preferred method for cultivating selenium-rich blueberries of the present invention, in step S4, the row spacing of selenium-rich blueberries is 2 meters × 2 meters or 1.5 meters × 3 meters, 1.2 meters × 2 meters for high-bush selenium-rich blueberries, and 0.5-1 meter × 1 meter for low-bush selenium-rich blueberries.

[0012] As a preferred method for cultivating selenium-rich blueberries of the present invention, in step S5, after the selenium-rich blueberries are planted, water is used at a temperature of 20°-30° for planting and watering. When the soil dries up in the later stage, water at a temperature of 20°-30° is also used to replenish the soil.

[0013] As a preferred method for cultivating selenium-rich blueberries of the present invention, in step S6, the pollination of selenium-rich blueberries is carried out by combining artificial pollination with natural pollination, and artificial pollination is carried out by vibrating the blueberry plants so that the pollen falls off the stamens and falls on the pistil of the female flowers, and natural pollination is carried out by bees coming into contact with the blueberry pollen in the process of collecting nectar and bringing it to other flowers, thereby achieving pollination.

[0014] As a preferred method for cultivating selenium-enriched blueberries of the present invention, in step S7, the inorganic selenium solution is sodium selenite or sodium hydrogen selenite solution;

[0015] Early stage (leaf expansion) treatment: When the blueberry leaves have been expanded, spray 30-50 mg / kg of inorganic selenium solution twice, 72 hours apart;

[0016] Mid-term (flowering or growing) treatment: 3-5 days after flowering and pollination, spray 130-180 mg / kg of inorganic selenium solution, divided into two times, with an interval of 72 hours;

[0017] Late stage (fruiting period or pre-harvest) treatment: 2 weeks before blueberries mature, spray 20-40 mg / kg of inorganic selenium solution, divided into two times, with an interval of 72 hours.

[0018] As a preferred method for cultivating selenium-rich blueberries of the present invention, in step S8, manual pruning is used to cut off the overlapping leaves between two blueberry plants. This process is during the growth period of blueberries. At the same time, manual pruning is used to cut off weak branches and old branches. This process is during the fruiting period of blueberries.

[0019] As a preferred method for cultivating selenium-enriched blueberries of the present invention, in step S9, a biological control method is adopted. During the growth and fruiting period of blueberries, if the blueberries encounter pests and diseases, corresponding agents are selected for spraying and control according to the actual problems.

[0020] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0021] The present invention innovatively proposes that the absorption of selenium by blueberry leaves is achieved by precisely spraying an inorganic selenium solution in the early, middle and late stages of the growth of selenium-enriched blueberries. The cost is low. At the same time, the selenium content of blueberries is quickly increased. This method avoids the problems of uneven enrichment and low absorption rate that may be caused by applying selenium to the soil. Thereby, the selenium content of selenium-enriched blueberries is greatly enhanced, and its overall quality and yield are significantly improved. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] The accompanying drawings are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention and constitute a part of the specification. Together with the embodiments of the present invention, they are used to explain the present invention and do not constitute a limitation of the present invention. In the accompanying drawings:

[0023] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the process structure of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the main process structure of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0025] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0026] See also Figure 1-2 , the present invention provides the following technical solution: a cultivation method of selenium-enriched blueberries, comprising the following steps: S1, selecting a suitable variety according to the climatic conditions of the planting site;

[0027] S2. Choose a place with loose soil, rich organic matter and good drainage for planting; S3. Remove weeds from the selected soil and build protective facilities around the soil; S4. Plant the pre-selected high-quality seedlings in the planting ditch or hole between autumn and early spring when the winter is not dry; S5. Water the roots after planting. After the water sinks, the root base should be flush with the ridge surface. Do not plant too deep or too shallow; then water the soil appropriately when it is dry; S6. During the flowering period, artificial pollination should be used regularly; then cooperate with natural pollination, and sufficient pollination can increase the fruiting rate and thus increase the yield; S7. In the early stage of blueberry growth ( S8, in the early (leaf expansion period), middle (flowering or growth period) and late (fruiting or pre-harvest period) growth period of blueberries, respectively, carry out spraying with inorganic selenium solution, and use inorganic selenium solution to spray on the leaves during the blueberry growing season, so as to harvest organic selenium-rich blueberries that meet health requirements; S9, in the early (leaf expansion period), middle (flowering or growth period) and late (fruiting or pre-harvest period) growth period of blueberries, respectively, prune the weak branches and old branches, and adjust the overlapping position of the leaves between the two blueberry plants, so that each blueberry plant can fully carry out photosynthesis; S10, during the growth period of blueberries, fully prevent the occurrence of diseases and insect pests, and spray pesticides appropriately in the early, middle and late stages.

[0028] Preferably, in step S1, lowbush selenium-rich blueberry and northern highbush selenium-rich blueberry varieties are suitable for the northern regions with cold climate conditions, and southern highbush selenium-rich blueberry and rabbiteye selenium-rich blueberry varieties are suitable for the southern regions with warm climate conditions.

[0029] When using it specifically, choose selenium-rich blueberry varieties according to the climate environment, which will facilitate the survival rate of cultivation.

[0030] Preferably, in step S2, the pH value of the soil is maintained between 4.0-5.5, preferably 4.5-5.5; the soil is loosened manually or with modern mechanical equipment to ensure smooth planting and the nutrients required for seed growth.

[0031] When used specifically, the soil is used to cultivate blueberries, which provides favorable nutrients for the selenium-rich blueberries, thereby facilitating their healthy growth.

[0032] Preferably: in step S3, soil weeds are removed manually; protective facilities are provided by surrounding the soil with guardrails connected end to end, and spray pipes and bird-repelling equipment are constructed.

[0033] During specific use, the soil is cleaned to reduce the absorption of nutrients in the soil by weeds, and then protective fences and bird-repellent equipment are used. The protective fences are convenient for isolating the surrounding animals to prevent animals from entering the cultivated area and destroying selenium-rich blueberries. The same is true for bird-repellent equipment.

[0034] Preferably, in step S4, the spacing between rows of selenium-rich blueberries is 2 m×2 m or 1.5 m×3 m, that of high-bush selenium-rich blueberries is 1.2 m×2 m, and that of low-bush selenium-rich blueberries is 0.5-1 m×1 m.

[0035] When used specifically, the planting method of selenium-rich blueberries can allow a certain distance between two selenium-rich blueberry plants, thereby providing favorable photosynthesis for the growth of selenium-rich blueberries, while also preventing the two selenium-rich blueberry plants from competing for nutrients in the soil.

[0036] Preferably, in step S5, after the selenium-enriched blueberries are planted, water is used at a temperature of 20°-30° for planting and watering. When the soil is dry in the later stage, water at a temperature of 20°-30° is also used to replenish the soil.

[0037] During specific use, selenium-rich blueberries are irrigated with water at 20°-30°, which is a more comfortable environment for the roots of selenium-rich blueberries and is conducive to their absorption of moisture and nutrients such as selenium in the soil, thereby promoting the growth and development of blueberries. This step can be coordinated with the spray pipe in step S3 to ensure uniform irrigation of selenium-rich blueberry cultivation.

[0038] Preferably: in step S6, the pollination of selenium-enriched blueberries is carried out by combining artificial pollination with natural pollination, and artificial pollination is carried out by vibrating the blueberry plants so that the pollen falls off the stamens and falls on the pistils of the female flowers, and natural pollination is carried out by bees coming into contact with the blueberry pollen in the process of collecting nectar and carrying it to other flowers, thereby achieving pollination.

[0039] In specific use, the cultivation of selenium-rich blueberries adopts a combination of artificial pollination and natural pollination to promote the pollination rate of selenium-rich blueberries, and then increase the yield of selenium-rich blueberries.

[0040] Preferably: in step S7, the inorganic selenium solution is sodium selenite or sodium hydrogen selenite solution;

[0041] Early stage (leaf expansion) treatment: When the blueberry leaves have been expanded, spray 30-50 mg / kg of inorganic selenium solution twice, 72 hours apart;

[0042] Mid-term (flowering or growing) treatment: 3-5 days after flowering and pollination, spray 130-180 mg / kg of inorganic selenium solution, divided into two times, with an interval of 72 hours;

[0043] Late stage (fruiting period or pre-harvest) treatment: 2 weeks before blueberries mature, spray 20-40 mg / kg of inorganic selenium solution, divided into two times, with an interval of 72 hours.

[0044] During specific use, by precisely spraying inorganic selenium solution in the early, middle and late stages of the growth of selenium-rich blueberries, the absorption of selenium by the blueberry leaves is achieved. At the same time, the selenium content of the blueberries is rapidly increased. The use of inorganic selenium and the increase of inorganic selenium in the selenium-rich blueberry pulp will not cause harm to the human body, and the human body's metabolism can excrete the inorganic selenium.

[0045] Preferably, in step S8, the overlapping leaves between two blueberry plants are cut off by manual pruning, which is during the growth period of blueberries, and weak branches and old branches are cut off by manual pruning, which is during the fruiting period of blueberries.

[0046] In specific use, pruning of selenium-rich blueberries can control the growth rhythm of blueberry trees, thereby regulating nutrient distribution and providing nutrients more concentratedly to healthy and strong branches and fruits. Pruning can also improve the ventilation and light transmission conditions of the tree crown, allowing the fruits to receive more sunlight, improving the color and taste of the fruits. At the same time, by controlling the distribution and size of the fruits, the fruits can be concentrated on the main branches, improving the uniformity and quality of the fruits. Secondly, the overlapping leaves between two blueberry plants can be cut off.

[0047] Preferably, in step S9, a biological control method is used. If the blueberries encounter pests and diseases during the growth and fruiting period of the blueberries, corresponding agents are selected for spraying and control according to the actual problems.

[0048] During specific use, according to the diseases and pests encountered by selenium-rich blueberries during their growth cycle, choose the corresponding agents for spraying and prevention, thereby reducing the diseases and pests encountered by selenium-rich blueberries and providing a favorable growth environment for the growth of selenium-rich blueberries.

[0049] Working principle: In the cultivation of selenium-enriched blueberries: First, select suitable blueberry varieties according to the climatic conditions of the planting site, and select plots with loose soil, rich in organic matter and good drainage for planting. Before planting, the soil needs to be thoroughly cleaned and protective facilities built around it. Then, during the budding period from autumn to early spring, that is, during the period of no drought in winter, the pre-selected high-quality seedlings are planted in the planting trenches or holes, and then watered to ensure that the root base of the seedlings is flush with the ridge surface after watering to avoid planting too deep or too shallow.

[0050] When the soil is dry, proper watering is required. After the flowering period, artificial pollination is combined with natural pollination to improve pollination efficiency, thereby increasing fruit set rate and yield. In addition, during the leaf expansion period, flowering period (or growth period) and fruiting period (or pre-harvest period) of blueberry growth, foliar spraying of inorganic selenium solution is carried out to harvest organic selenium-rich blueberries that meet health standards.

[0051] At the same time, pruning is also required during these three growth stages, cutting off weak and old branches, and adjusting the overlapping positions of leaves between blueberry plants to ensure that each blueberry plant can fully photosynthesize. During the growth period of blueberries, it is also necessary to prevent the occurrence of diseases and pests, and spray pesticides in the early, middle and late stages.

[0052] Finally, when the selenium-rich blueberries are ripe, they can be picked.

[0053] It is worth noting that during the cultivation of selenium-rich blueberries, if the soil is insufficient in nutrients, appropriate fertilization is required. The specifications of the planting trench or hole are 1.0m (length) × 1.0m (width) × 0.5m (depth).

[0054] It should be noted that: using inorganic selenium solution, the total selenium content of harvested blueberries is within the range of 0.5-0.8 mg / kg, and the proportion of organic selenium reaches more than 60%, thereby greatly enhancing the selenium content of selenium-rich blueberries and significantly improving their overall quality and yield.

[0055] It is further explained that the cultivation method of the selenium-rich blueberry can adopt two methods: modern agricultural planting machinery and manual cultivation, and these two methods can be flexibly combined. When mechanical cultivation is adopted, manual intervention can timely discover and make up for the deficiencies in mechanical operations. At the same time, this combination also reduces the physical fatigue caused by pure manual cultivation, allowing manual labor to focus more on improving planting skills and quality monitoring. The advantage of manual cultivation lies in its detailed perception and precise control of soil conditions and plant growth status.

[0056] Finally, it should be noted that the above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments or replace some of the technical features therein by equivalents. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for cultivating selenium-enriched blueberries, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. Choose the appropriate variety according to the climatic conditions of the planting area; S2. Choose a place with loose soil, rich organic matter and good drainage for planting; S3. Remove impurities from the selected soil and build protective facilities around the soil; S4. Plant the pre-selected high-quality seedlings in the planting trenches or holes between autumn and early spring when the winter is not dry; S5. Water the roots after planting. After the water sinks, the root base should be flush with the ridge surface. Do not plant too deep or too shallow. Then water the soil appropriately when it is dry. S6. During the flowering period, artificial pollination is regularly used; then combined with natural pollination, sufficient pollination can increase the fruit setting rate and thus increase the yield; S7, spraying the blueberry with an inorganic selenium solution in the early stage (leaf expansion stage), middle stage (flowering stage or growth stage) and late stage (fruiting stage or early harvest stage) of blueberry growth, respectively, spraying the blueberry leaves with an inorganic selenium solution during the blueberry growing season, thereby harvesting organic selenium-rich blueberries that meet health requirements; S8. Prune blueberries in the early (leaf spreading), middle (flowering or growing) and late (fruiting or pre-harvest) growth stages, remove weak and old branches, and adjust the overlapping position of leaves between two blueberry plants so that each blueberry plant can fully photosynthesize. S9. During the growth period of blueberries, fully prevent the occurrence of diseases and pests, and spray pesticides appropriately in the early, middle and late stages.

2. The method for cultivating selenium-enriched blueberries according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S1, lowbush selenium-rich blueberry and northern highbush selenium-rich blueberry varieties are suitable for cold northern regions, while southern highbush selenium-rich blueberry and rabbiteye selenium-rich blueberry varieties are suitable for warm southern regions.

3. The method for cultivating selenium-enriched blueberries according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S2, the pH value of the soil is maintained between 4.0-5.5, preferably 4.5-5.5; the soil is loosened manually or with modern mechanical equipment to ensure smooth planting and the nutrients required for seed growth.

4. The method for cultivating selenium-enriched blueberries according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S3, weeds are removed manually from the soil; protective facilities are provided by surrounding the soil with guardrails connected end to end, and spray pipes and bird-repelling equipment are constructed.

5. The method for cultivating selenium-enriched blueberries according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S4, the spacing between rows of selenium-rich blueberries is 2 meters × 2 meters or 1.5 meters × 3 meters, the spacing between high-bush selenium-rich blueberries is 1.2 meters × 2 meters, and the spacing between low-bush selenium-rich blueberries is 0.5-1 meters × 1 meter.

6. The method for cultivating selenium-enriched blueberries according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S5, after the selenium-rich blueberries are planted, water is used at a temperature of 20°-30° for planting and watering. When the soil dries up in the later stage, water at a temperature of 20°-30° is also used to replenish the soil.

7. The method for cultivating selenium-enriched blueberries according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S6, the pollination of selenium-enriched blueberries is carried out by combining artificial pollination with natural pollination. Artificial pollination involves vibrating the blueberry plants to cause the pollen to fall off the stamens and fall on the pistils of the female flowers. Natural pollination involves bees coming into contact with blueberry pollen in the process of collecting nectar and carrying it to other flowers, thereby achieving pollination.

8. The method for cultivating selenium-enriched blueberries according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S7, the inorganic selenium solution is sodium selenite or sodium hydrogen selenite solution; Early stage (leaf expansion) treatment: When the blueberry leaves have been expanded, spray 30-50 mg / kg of inorganic selenium solution twice, 72 hours apart; Mid-term (flowering or growing) treatment: 3-5 days after flowering and pollination, spray 130-180 mg / kg of inorganic selenium solution, divided into two times, with an interval of 72 hours; Late stage (fruiting period or pre-harvest) treatment: 2 weeks before blueberries mature, spray 20-40 mg / kg of inorganic selenium solution, divided into two times, with an interval of 72 hours.

9. The method for cultivating selenium-enriched blueberries according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S8, manual pruning is used to cut off the overlapping leaves between two blueberry plants. This process is during the growth period of blueberries. At the same time, manual pruning is used to cut off weak branches and old branches. This process is during the fruiting period of blueberries.

10. The method for cultivating selenium-enriched blueberries according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S9, a biological control method is used. If the blueberries encounter pests and diseases during the growth and fruiting period, corresponding agents are selected for spraying and control according to the actual problems.

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