A heat-resistant and antifreeze water-based penetrating inorganic waterproofing agent and its preparation method and application

Abstract

The present application relates to the field of concrete additives, and in particular to a heat-resistant and frost-resistant water-based penetrating inorganic waterproofing agent, its preparation method and application. The heat-resistant and frost-resistant water-based penetrating inorganic waterproofing agent, in parts by mass, comprises the following raw materials: 55-70 parts of active potassium silicate, 10-12 parts of silicate cement, 10-20 parts of modified silica, 5-10 parts of filler, 2-4 parts of coupling agent, 0.5-1.5 parts of catalyst, 3-8 parts of dispersant, 1.5-3 parts of stabilizer, and 30-50 parts of deionized water. The inorganic waterproofing agent prepared in the present application not only has excellent waterproof performance, but also can effectively improve the corrosion resistance, aging and stability of concrete, etc., can meet the existing construction requirements of deep operations, has excellent comprehensive performance, and has excellent application prospects.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of concrete additives, and in particular to a heat-resistant and frost-resistant aqueous penetrating inorganic waterproofing agent, and a preparation method and application thereof. Background Art

[0002] Concrete is one of the most commonly used materials in modern architecture and infrastructure construction. However, conventional concrete suffers from numerous drawbacks, such as susceptibility to moisture erosion, carbonization, and damage from freeze-thaw cycles. These issues severely impact the service life and quality of concrete structures. To overcome these shortcomings, the traditional approach is to lay membranes or apply other types of waterproofing layers on the concrete surface. However, this approach is susceptible to external factors, such as aging and mechanical damage, resulting in a short-lived waterproofing effect.

[0003] In recent years, with the increasing emphasis on the durability of buildings and infrastructure, a new waterproofing solution has been developed: water-based penetrating inorganic waterproofing agents. These waterproofing agents are based on alkali metal silicate solutions and incorporate catalysts and other additives. They can be sprayed directly onto the concrete surface and rapidly penetrate deep into the concrete. The catalyst reacts chemically with free alkalis within the concrete, forming inert crystals. These crystals not only fill the pores and microcracks within the concrete but also form a closed waterproof barrier, effectively preventing the intrusion of moisture and other harmful substances.

[0004] Although existing water-based penetrating inorganic waterproofing agents have significantly improved the waterproof performance of concrete, they still face some challenges in practical applications. For example, the penetration depth needs to be improved. The penetration depth of some products limits their application in areas where deep operations are required, and they are not effective in repairing deep cracks or larger pores. In certain specific environments (such as extreme climatic conditions), the adaptability and stability of the products may be affected, and problems such as poor corrosion resistance, aging resistance and stability may occur in long-term use.

[0005] Therefore, in order to solve the above problems, the present application provides a heat-resistant and frost-resistant water-based penetrating inorganic waterproofing agent and a preparation method thereof. The inorganic waterproofing agent prepared in the present application not only has excellent waterproof performance, but also can effectively improve the corrosion resistance, aging and stability of concrete. It can meet the construction needs of existing deep operations, has very excellent comprehensive performance, and has excellent application prospects. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In order to solve the above problems, the first aspect of the present application provides a heat-resistant and frost-resistant aqueous penetrating inorganic waterproofing agent. The raw materials are, in parts by mass: 55 to 70 parts of active potassium silicate, 10 to 12 parts of silicate cement, 10 to 20 parts of modified silica, 5 to 10 parts of filler, 2 to 4 parts of coupling agent, 0.5 to 1.5 parts of catalyst, 3 to 8 parts of dispersant, 1.5 to 3 parts of stabilizer, and 30 to 50 parts of deionized water.

[0007] As a preferred solution, the modulus of the active potassium silicate is 1-3.

[0008] As a preferred solution, the modulus of the active potassium silicate is 2 to 2.5.

[0009] As a preferred solution, the solid content of the active potassium silicate is 20-40%.

[0010] As a preferred solution, the solid content of the active potassium silicate is 25-35%.

[0011] As a preferred solution, the silicate cement is ordinary silicate cement or early strength silicate cement.

[0012] As a preferred solution, the strength grade of the Portland cement is 32.5 or 42.5.

[0013] As a preferred scheme, the preparation method of the modified silica specifically includes the following steps: S1: mixing silica and aluminum chloride and adding them to deionized water, adding glutaric anhydride and tetraisopropyl titanate, heating to 70~75℃ and keeping warm for 2~2.5h; S2: after S1 is completed, continue to add DMF solution of terephthalic acid and para-aminobenzoic acid, stir and mix completely, then heat to 100~110℃, keep warm for reaction for 14~16h, after completion, naturally cool the product to room temperature, wash alternately with DMF and anhydrous ethanol 2~3 times, and dry to obtain pretreated particles; S3: mixing the pretreated particles with zinc nitrate and 2-methylimidazole and adding them to DMF solution, then heating to 60~80℃ and keeping warm for 5~6h, after the reaction is completed, add triethanolamine to adjust the pH value to 7.5~8, then wash the product alternately with acetone and deionized water 2~3 times, and vacuum dry at 70~80℃ to obtain.

[0014] As a preferred solution, the mass ratio of the silicon dioxide, aluminum chloride glutaric anhydride and tetraisopropyl titanate is (1-1.2): (2.5-3): (0.6-0.8): (0.1-0.2).

[0015] As a preferred solution, the mass ratio of aluminum chloride, terephthalic acid and p-aminobenzoic acid is (2.5-3): (1.5-1.6): (0.4-0.6).

[0016] As a preferred solution, the mass ratio of the pretreated particles, zinc nitrate and 2-methylimidazole is (1.5-1.8): (0.8-1.2): (0.6-1).

[0017] As a preferred solution, the average particle size of the silicon dioxide is 10-20 nm; the average particle size of the modified silicon dioxide is 600-700 nm.

[0018] By adding the above-mentioned modified silica in the present application, not only the waterproof performance of the inorganic waterproofing agent is effectively improved, but also its corrosion resistance, aging and stability can be effectively improved at the same time, effectively meeting the needs of existing construction operations. The prepared modified silica can produce a good coordination effect with the site particles in the framework structure through the multi-carboxyl groups after surface treatment, and then realize the mosaic of silica on the surface while the framework is formed, and because a relatively excessive amount of silica is added, the actual final structure formed is a complex structure of the surface mosaic package of silica, and the existence of the structure can effectively improve the filling effect of the waterproofing agent for the pores of the concrete system after crystallization, and through a strong carboxyl connection effect, it can greatly increase its penetration depth on the concrete surface; and after completing the penetration, it can also be through the joint action with the specific dispersant composition in the present application, enhance the adhesion of the modified particles in the pores, avoid the fluctuation and migration phenomenon of a large number of particles in the micropores of concrete, and then effectively reduce the number of surface cracks during long-term use, thereby obtaining excellent waterproof performance.

[0019] On the other hand, the composite particle structure formed by the intercalation can greatly enhance its connection with active potassium silicate, thereby ensuring the stability of crystal particles in micropores in more severe use environments. Modified silica can serve as a fixed site to avoid excessive traction on internal particles due to high heat, high cold and high humidity environments. The added dispersant can form a multi-layer structural film on the surface of the particles after the use of the waterproofing agent, thereby greatly limiting the migration activity frequency of the particles after stabilization, and the smoother structural film surface also helps reduce surface cracks, thereby enabling the concrete material to obtain excellent corrosion resistance, aging and stability.

[0020] As a preferred solution, the filler is a composition of bentonite, calcium chloride and hydroxyethyl cellulose.

[0021] As a preferred solution, the mass ratio of the bentonite, calcium chloride and hydroxyethyl cellulose is (5-8): (2-3): (1-2).

[0022] As a preferred solution, the mass ratio of the bentonite, calcium chloride and hydroxyethyl cellulose is (5.5-6.5): (2-2.5): (1.2-1.6).

[0023] As a preferred solution, the bentonite is lithium bentonite.

[0024] As a preferred solution, the coupling agent is at least one of a titanate coupling agent or an organosilicon coupling agent.

[0025] As a preferred solution, the coupling agent is an aminosilane coupling agent.

[0026] As a preferred solution, the aminosilane coupling agent is 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane.

[0027] As a preferred solution, the catalyst is at least one of tetrabutyl titanate, ethyl titanate, isopropyl titanate and tri-n-butyl aluminate.

[0028] As a preferred solution, the catalyst is tetrabutyl titanate.

[0029] As a preferred solution, the dispersant is a composition of polycarboxylate, polydimethylsiloxane-polyethylene oxide block copolymer and fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether.

[0030] As a preferred solution, the mass ratio of the polycarboxylate, the polydimethylsiloxane-polyethylene oxide block copolymer and the fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether is (4-6): (1.5-2): (0.5-1).

[0031] As a preferred solution, the mass ratio of the polycarboxylate, the polydimethylsiloxane-polyethylene oxide block copolymer and the fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether is (4.5-5): (1.6-1.8): (0.7-0.9).

[0032] As a preferred solution, the fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether is an isomeric C12~13 fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether.

[0033] As a preferred solution, the hydroxyl value of the isomeric C12-13 fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether is 120-150 mgKOH / g.

[0034] As a preferred solution, the stabilizer is a combination of sodium molybdate, sodium nitrite and zinc phosphate.

[0035] As a preferred solution, the mass ratio of sodium molybdate, sodium nitrite and zinc phosphate is (4-6): (1-2): (0.5-1).

[0036] As a preferred solution, the mass ratio of sodium molybdate, sodium nitrite and zinc phosphate is (4.5-5.5): (1.2-1.6): (0.6-0.8).

[0037] The second aspect of the present application provides a method for preparing the above-mentioned heat-resistant and antifreeze aqueous penetrating inorganic waterproofing agent, which specifically includes the following steps: S1: adding active potassium silicate, silicate cement, modified silica and filler in sequence to a mixing container containing deionized water, and continuously stirring at 100~140rpm until mixed evenly to obtain a mixture; S2: slowly adding a coupling agent, a dispersant and a stabilizer to the mixture, and continuing to stir at 100~140rpm for 15~25min to ensure that the components are fully dissolved and evenly dispersed; S3: finally adding a catalyst, increasing the speed to 200~240rpm and vigorously stirring for about 10~20min to completely fuse all the components to form a uniform suspension, and then letting the product stand overnight, and after the bubbles are completely eliminated, transferring it to a sealed container and sealing it to obtain the product.

[0038] The third aspect of the present application provides an application of the above-mentioned heat-resistant and frost-resistant aqueous penetrating inorganic waterproofing agent in underground structures, water conservancy projects, residential buildings, marine engineering and bridges and roads.

[0039] This application has the following beneficial effects:

[0040] 1. The heat-resistant and frost-resistant water-based penetrating inorganic waterproofing agent provided in this application not only has excellent waterproofing performance, but also can effectively improve the corrosion resistance, aging and stability of concrete. It can meet the construction needs of existing deep operations, has very excellent comprehensive performance, and has excellent application prospects.

[0041] 2. A heat-resistant and frost-resistant aqueous penetrating inorganic waterproofing agent provided in the present application, in which the added modified silica can produce a good coordination effect with the site particles in the framework structure through the multi-carboxyl groups after surface treatment, thereby realizing the embedding of silica on the surface while the framework is formed. Moreover, because a relatively excessive amount of silica is added, the actual final structure formed is a complex structure of surface embedding and wrapping of silica. The existence of this structure can effectively improve the filling effect of the waterproofing agent on the pores of the concrete system after crystallization, thereby ultimately obtaining good waterproofing performance.

[0042] 3. The present application provides a heat-resistant and frost-resistant aqueous penetrating inorganic waterproofing agent. The added modified silica enhances the adhesion of the modified particles in the pores through the combined action of the specific dispersant composition, thereby avoiding the fluctuation and migration of a large number of particles in the micropores of the concrete, thereby effectively reducing the number of surface cracks during long-term use. On the other hand, the dispersant can form a multi-layer structural film on the surface of the particles after the use of the waterproofing agent, thereby greatly limiting the frequency of the migration activities of the particles after stabilization, and the smoother structural film surface also helps reduce surface cracks, thereby enabling the concrete material to obtain excellent corrosion resistance, aging and stability. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0043] The following text further illustrates and demonstrates the technical solutions described in the above-mentioned summary of the invention in the form of specific implementation plans. The following examples are merely practical examples used to illustrate and explain the technical solutions in the specification and should not limit the scope of the claims to be protected by this application. All technical products based on the technical solutions described in the summary of the invention in this application should be included in the scope of protection to be protected by this application.

[0044] In the following examples, unless otherwise specified, the raw materials are all commercially available products or can be prepared by methods well known to those skilled in the art.

[0045] Example 1

[0046] Example 1 The first aspect provides a heat-resistant and antifreeze aqueous penetrating inorganic waterproofing agent, the raw materials of which are, in parts by mass: 62.4 parts of active potassium silicate, 10.8 parts of silicate cement, 14.6 parts of modified silica, 8.8 parts of filler, 2.9 parts of coupling agent, 0.8 part of catalyst, 6.5 parts of dispersant, 2.1 parts of stabilizer, and 42.8 parts of deionized water.

[0047] Active potassium silicate with a modulus of 2 and a solid content of 30% was purchased from Quanxing New Materials Co., Ltd., Jinan, China.

[0048] The Portland cement was ordinary Portland cement with a strength grade of 42.5, purchased from Hebei McMahon Mineral Products Co., Ltd., China.

[0049] The preparation method of modified silica specifically includes the following steps, calculated by mass: S1: 1.1 parts of silica and 2.8 parts of aluminum chloride are mixed and added to 120 parts of deionized water, 0.68 parts of glutaric anhydride and 0.12 parts of tetraisopropyl titanate are added, and the temperature is raised to 70°C and kept warm for 2 hours; S2: After S1 is completed, a DMF solution containing 1.55 parts of terephthalic acid and 0.56 parts of p-aminobenzoic acid (a total of 60 parts) is added, and the mixture is stirred and mixed thoroughly, and the temperature is raised to 110°C and kept warm for 2 hours. The mixture was reacted at room temperature for 15 hours. After completion, the product was naturally cooled to room temperature, washed alternately with DMF and anhydrous ethanol three times, and dried to obtain pretreated particles; S3: 1.6 parts of pretreated particles were mixed with 1.1 parts of zinc nitrate and 0.74 parts of 2-methylimidazole and added to 100 parts of DMF solution, and then the temperature was raised to 75°C and kept warm for 5.5 hours. After the reaction was completed, triethanolamine was added to adjust the pH value to 8. The product was then washed alternately with acetone and deionized water three times, and dried in a vacuum at 75°C to obtain the product.

[0050] The average particle size of silica is 16 nm; the average particle size of modified silica is 668 nm.

[0051] The filler is a composition of lithium bentonite, calcium chloride and hydroxyethyl cellulose, and the mass ratio of the three is 6:2.2:1.3.

[0052] The coupling agent is 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane.

[0053] The catalyst is tetrabutyl titanate.

[0054] The dispersant is a composition of polycarboxylate, polydimethylsiloxane-polyethylene oxide block copolymer and isomeric C13 fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether, and the mass ratio of the three is 4.8:1.6:0.8.

[0055] The isomeric C13 fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether has a hydroxyl value of 120 mgKOH / g and was purchased from Haian Guoyun Chemical in China as a product of model E-1306.

[0056] Polycarboxylates were purchased as polycarboxylate dispersant 5040 from Wuhan Huaxiang Kejie Biotechnology Co., Ltd., China.

[0057] The polydimethylsiloxane-polyethylene oxide block copolymer is DC-5700 sold by Dow Corning, USA.

[0058] The stabilizer is a composition of sodium molybdate, sodium nitrite and zinc phosphate, and the mass ratio of the three is 5.2:1.5:0.8.

[0059] The second aspect of this embodiment provides a method for preparing the above-mentioned heat-resistant and antifreeze water-based penetrating inorganic waterproofing agent, which specifically includes the following steps: S1: adding active potassium silicate, silicate cement, modified silica and filler in sequence to a mixing container containing deionized water, and continuously stirring at 100~140rpm until mixed evenly to obtain a mixture; S2: slowly adding a coupling agent, a dispersant and a stabilizer to the mixture, and continuing to stir at 100~140rpm for 15~25min to ensure that the components are fully dissolved and evenly dispersed; S3: finally adding a catalyst, increasing the speed to 200~240rpm and vigorously stirring for about 10~20min to completely fuse all the components to form a uniform suspension, and then letting the product stand overnight. After the bubbles are completely eliminated, transfer it to a sealed container and seal it to obtain the product.

[0060] Example 2

[0061] The specific implementation of this embodiment is basically the same as that of Example 1, except that: the heat-resistant and antifreeze aqueous penetrating inorganic waterproofing agent, in parts by mass, the raw materials are: 68.5 parts of active potassium silicate, 11.6 parts of silicate cement, 18.5 parts of modified silica, 6.5 parts of filler, 3.4 parts of coupling agent, 1.1 parts of catalyst, 7.5 parts of dispersant, 2.1 parts of stabilizer, and 44.5 parts of deionized water.

[0062] The filler is a composition of lithium bentonite, calcium chloride and hydroxyethyl cellulose, and the mass ratio of the three is 5.5:3:2.

[0063] The dispersant is a composition of polycarboxylate, polydimethylsiloxane-polyethylene oxide block copolymer and isomeric C13 fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether, and the mass ratio of the three is 5.6:2:0.5.

[0064] The stabilizer is a composition of sodium molybdate, sodium nitrite and zinc phosphate, and the mass ratio of the three is 4.2:2:0.6.

[0065] Example 3

[0066] The specific implementation of this embodiment is basically the same as that of Example 1, except that: the heat-resistant and antifreeze aqueous penetrating inorganic waterproofing agent, in parts by mass, the raw materials are: 59.6 parts of active potassium silicate, 10.1 parts of silicate cement, 11.2 parts of modified silica, 5.2 parts of filler, 2.2 parts of coupling agent, 0.6 part of catalyst, 4.8 parts of dispersant, 1.6 parts of stabilizer, and 40.8 parts of deionized water.

[0067] The filler is a composition of lithium bentonite, calcium chloride and hydroxyethyl cellulose, and the mass ratio of the three is 8:2:1.

[0068] The dispersant is a composition of polycarboxylate, polydimethylsiloxane-polyethylene oxide block copolymer and isomeric C13 fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether, and the mass ratio of the three is 4.4:1.5:0.9.

[0069] The stabilizer is a composition of sodium molybdate, sodium nitrite and zinc phosphate, and the mass ratio of the three is 5.8:1.1:0.9.

[0070] Comparative Example 1

[0071] The specific implementation of this comparative example is basically the same as that of Example 1, except that the filler is a composition of lithium bentonite, calcium chloride and hydroxyethyl cellulose, and the mass ratio of the three is 2:5:0.2.

[0072] Comparative Example 2

[0073] The specific implementation of this comparative example is basically the same as that of Example 1, except that the dispersant is a composition of polycarboxylate, polydimethylsiloxane-polyethylene oxide block copolymer and isomeric C13 fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether, and the mass ratio of the three is 1:1:3.

[0074] Comparative Example 3

[0075] The specific implementation of this comparative example is basically the same as that of Example 1, except that the dispersant is a composition of polycarboxylate, polydimethylsiloxane-polyethylene oxide block copolymer and isomeric C13 fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether, and the mass ratio of the three is 8:0.5:0.2.

[0076] Comparative Example 4

[0077] The specific implementation of this comparative example is basically the same as that of Example 1, except that the stabilizer is a combination of sodium molybdate, sodium nitrite and zinc phosphate, and the mass ratio of the three is 6:0.5:0.1.

[0078] Comparative Example 5

[0079] The specific implementation of this comparative example is basically the same as that of Example 1, except that: the preparation method of modified silica specifically comprises the following steps, calculated in parts by mass: S1: 0.4 parts of silica and 3.9 parts of aluminum chloride are mixed and added to 120 parts of deionized water, 0.42 parts of glutaric anhydride and 0.05 parts of tetraisopropyl titanate are added, and the temperature is raised to 70°C and kept warm for 2 hours; S2: after S1 is completed, a DMF solution containing 1.85 parts of terephthalic acid and 0.24 parts of p-aminobenzoic acid (a total of 60 parts) is added, and stirred. After the mixing is complete, the temperature is raised to 110°C and the reaction is kept warm for 15 hours. After completion, the product is naturally cooled to room temperature, washed alternately with DMF and anhydrous ethanol three times, and dried to obtain pretreated particles; S3: 1.6 parts of pretreated particles are mixed with 1.1 parts of zinc nitrate and 0.74 parts of 2-methylimidazole and added to 100 parts of DMF solution, then the temperature is raised to 75°C and kept warm for 5.5 hours. After the reaction is completed, triethanolamine is added to adjust the pH value to 8, and then the product is washed alternately with acetone and deionized water three times, and vacuum dried at 75°C to obtain.

[0080] The average particle size of the modified silica is 554 nm.

[0081] Comparative Example 6

[0082] The specific implementation of this comparative example is basically the same as that of Example 1, except that: the preparation method of modified silica specifically comprises the following steps, calculated in parts by mass: S1: 2.1 parts of silica and 3.4 parts of aluminum chloride are mixed and added to 120 parts of deionized water, 0.68 parts of glutaric anhydride and 0.12 parts of tetraisopropyl titanate are added, and the temperature is raised to 70°C and kept warm for 2 hours; S2: after S1 is completed, a DMF solution containing 1.55 parts of terephthalic acid and 0.56 parts of p-aminobenzoic acid (a total of 60 parts) is added, and stirred. After the mixing is complete, the temperature is raised to 110°C and the reaction is kept warm for 15 hours. After completion, the product is naturally cooled to room temperature, washed alternately with DMF and anhydrous ethanol three times, and dried to obtain pretreated particles; S3: 2.8 parts of pretreated particles are mixed with 0.8 parts of zinc nitrate and 0.54 parts of 2-methylimidazole and added to 100 parts of DMF solution, then the temperature is raised to 75°C and kept warm for 5.5 hours. After the reaction is completed, triethanolamine is added to adjust the pH value to 8, and then the product is washed alternately with acetone and deionized water three times, and vacuum dried at 75°C to obtain.

[0083] The average particle size of the modified silica is 729 nm.

[0084] Comparative Example 7

[0085] The specific implementation of this comparative example is basically the same as that of Example 1, except that the average particle size of silicon dioxide is 35 nm; the average particle size of modified silicon dioxide is 821 nm.

[0086] Performance evaluation

[0087] Impermeability test: The inorganic waterproofing agents prepared in the examples and comparative examples were subjected to an impermeability test with reference to the standard JC / T 1018-2020. The test values ​​were recorded in Table 1 as the average value of 10 tests.

[0088] Waterproofness test: The surface hydrophilicity and hydrophobicity of the inorganic waterproofing agents prepared in the examples and comparative examples were tested with reference to the standard JC / T 1018-2020. The surface water contact angle was tested by the sessile drop method. The water drop size was 5 μL and the test time was 30 s. The test values ​​were averaged over 10 tests and recorded in Table 1.

[0089] Temperature stability test: The inorganic waterproofing agents prepared in the examples and comparative examples were subjected to temperature stability tests according to the reference standard JC / T 1018-2020, and the low temperature environment and high temperature environment were tested respectively; low temperature test conditions: 20~-20℃, 15 times; high temperature test conditions: 160℃; if the product shows no surface powdering, cracking, or damage in both low temperature and high temperature environment tests, it is considered qualified, otherwise it is considered unqualified; 50 groups of samples are tested in each group, and the qualified rate results are recorded in Table 1.

[0090] Corrosion resistance test: The inorganic waterproofing agents prepared in the examples and comparative examples were subjected to alkali corrosion resistance tests according to the reference standard JC / T 1018-2020. The test solution was a saturated calcium hydroxide solution. The test time was 250 h. After the test was completed, if there was no surface powdering, cracking, or damage, it was considered qualified, otherwise it was considered unqualified. 50 groups of samples were tested in each group, and the qualified rate results were recorded in Table 1.

[0091] Table 1 Performance test results

[0092]

[0093] It can be seen from the examples and comparative examples of the present application and the data results in Table 1 that Examples 1 to 3 of the present application have obvious advantages over Comparative Examples 1 to 7 in terms of impermeability, water resistance, temperature stability and corrosion resistance. This is mainly due to the combined effect of the modified silica particles, the special dispersant composition, the stabilizer composition and other matching technical solutions specified in the present application. Comparative Examples 1 to 7 did not adopt the technical solution specified in the present application, resulting in obvious disadvantages in the above performance tests. This further proves the necessity of the technical solution specified in the present application for the technical effect of the present application and solving the technical problems.

Claims

1. A heat-resistant and antifreeze water-based penetrating inorganic waterproofing agent, characterized by: The raw materials are as follows: 55-70 parts of active potassium silicate, 10-12 parts of Portland cement, 10-20 parts of modified silica, 5-10 parts of filler, 2-4 parts of coupling agent, 0.5-1.5 parts of catalyst, 3-8 parts of dispersant, 1.5-3 parts of stabilizer, and 30-50 parts of deionized water. The modulus of the active potassium silicate is 1 to 3; The solid content of the active potassium silicate is 20-40%; The silicate cement is ordinary silicate cement or early strength silicate cement; The strength grade of the Portland cement is 32.5 or 42.5; The preparation method of the modified silica specifically includes the following steps: S1: mixing silica and aluminum chloride and adding them to deionized water, adding glutaric anhydride and tetraisopropyl titanate, heating to 70-75°C and keeping warm for 2-2.5 hours; S2: after S1 is completed, continuing to add DMF solution of terephthalic acid and para-aminobenzoic acid, stirring and mixing completely, heating to 100-110°C, keeping warm for reaction for 14-16 hours, and after completion, naturally cooling the product to room temperature, washing it alternately with DMF and anhydrous ethanol 2-3 times, and drying it to obtain pretreated particles; S3: mixing the pretreated particles with zinc nitrate and 2-methylimidazole and adding them to the DMF solution, then heating to 60-80°C and keeping warm for 5-6 hours, adding triethanolamine to adjust the pH value to 7.5-8 after the reaction is completed, and then washing the product alternately with acetone and deionized water 2-3 times, and drying it in a vacuum at 70-80°C to obtain the product; The mass ratio of the aluminum chloride, terephthalic acid and p-aminobenzoic acid is (2.5-3): (1.5-1.6): (0.4-0.6); The mass ratio of the pretreated particles, zinc nitrate and 2-methylimidazole is (1.5-1.8): (0.8-1.2): (0.6-1); The filler is a composition of bentonite, calcium chloride and hydroxyethyl cellulose; the mass ratio of the bentonite, calcium chloride and hydroxyethyl cellulose is (5-8): (2-3): (1-2); The average particle size of the silicon dioxide is 10-20 nm; the average particle size of the modified silicon dioxide is 600-700 nm; The dispersant is a composition of polycarboxylate, polydimethylsiloxane-polyethylene oxide block copolymer and fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether; the mass ratio of the polycarboxylate, polydimethylsiloxane-polyethylene oxide block copolymer and fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether is (4-6): (1.5-2): (0.5-1); The stabilizer is a combination of sodium molybdate, sodium nitrite and zinc phosphate; the mass ratio of the sodium molybdate, sodium nitrite and zinc phosphate is (4-6): (1-2): (0.5-1); The mass ratio of silicon dioxide, aluminum chloride, glutaric anhydride and tetraisopropyl titanate is (1~1.2):(2.5~3):(0.6~0.8):(0.1~0.2).

2. The heat-resistant and antifreeze aqueous penetrating inorganic waterproofing agent according to claim 1, characterized in that: The coupling agent is at least one of a titanate coupling agent and an organosilicon coupling agent.

3. The heat-resistant and antifreeze aqueous penetrating inorganic waterproofing agent according to claim 2, characterized in that: The coupling agent is an aminosilane coupling agent.

4. The heat-resistant and antifreeze aqueous penetrating inorganic waterproofing agent according to claim 3, characterized in that: The catalyst is at least one of tetrabutyl titanate, ethyl titanate, isopropyl titanate and tri-n-butyl aluminate.

5. A method for preparing the heat-resistant and antifreeze-resistant aqueous penetrating inorganic waterproofing agent according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The specific steps include: S1: Add active potassium silicate, silicate cement, modified silica and filler to a mixing container containing deionized water in sequence, and continue stirring at 100-140 rpm until mixed evenly to obtain a mixture; S2: Slowly add coupling agent, dispersant and stabilizer to the mixture, and continue stirring at 100-140 rpm for 15-25 minutes to ensure that the components are fully dissolved and evenly dispersed; S3: Finally, add the catalyst, increase the speed to 200-240 rpm and stir vigorously for 10-20 minutes to allow all components to completely blend and form a uniform suspension. Then, let the product stand overnight, and after the bubbles are completely eliminated, transfer it to a sealed container and seal it.

6. Use of the heat-resistant and frost-resistant aqueous penetrating inorganic waterproofing agent according to any one of claims 1 to 4 in underground structures, water conservancy projects, residential buildings, marine projects, and bridges and roads.

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