A prefabricated multi-hazard adaptive bridge energy-absorbing pier node and design method

Abstract

The present invention provides a prefabricated multi-disaster adaptable bridge energy-absorbing pier-column node, comprising a bridge beam, a pier, a cap, and a multifunctional prefabricated steel base mechanism with a built-in composite energy-absorbing mechanism, wherein the multifunctional prefabricated steel base mechanism is installed between the cap and the pier, the bridge beam is installed on the pier, and an adjustable energy-absorbing cell is arranged in the composite energy-absorbing mechanism. The present invention also provides a design method for a prefabricated multi-disaster adaptable bridge energy-absorbing pier-column node. The construction method of the prefabricated bridge of the present invention can effectively reduce the pollution and interference to the water body, by introducing a multifunctional prefabricated steel base mechanism with the dual functions of combined bearing and effective energy absorption at the connection part between the pier and the cap, and the multifunctional prefabricated steel base mechanism has a built-in composite energy-absorbing mechanism, and in the face of disaster levels of different types and intensities, the position distribution of the energy-absorbing cells in the composite energy-absorbing mechanism can be adjusted, thereby enhancing the disaster prevention capability of the structure.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of construction of assembled concrete bridge piers, and in particular to a prefabricated multi-disaster adaptable bridge energy-absorbing pier node. Background Art

[0002] In modern engineering construction, the combination of prefabricated bridges and water conservancy projects is an area that has received increasing attention, especially in terms of saving time, improving quality and enhancing engineering durability. Since water conservancy projects are often located in a humid environment, bridges must have strong environmental adaptability. The areas where they are located are often faced with natural disasters such as floods and mudslides, and the structural system needs to be able to withstand strong water flow impacts. However, the early bridge design was relatively simple, and the bearing capacity and durability were relatively limited. For this type of bridge structure system, the relatively weak areas are concentrated in the various connection parts of the bridge, especially the piers, which have relatively low ductility and mainly resist loads through strength. They experience plastic deformation and damage to absorb energy. When large deformation occurs, cracks and brittle failures may occur easily. At the same time, the traditional pier construction method is prone to loss of prestress due to multiple factors such as improper anchorage area design and environmental sensitivity, which affects the overall safety and stability of the bridge while reducing construction efficiency. In addition, the design of concrete piers is relatively fixed, and the performance improvement through reinforcement means is limited, and the design adaptability to different disaster risks is poor. Therefore, it is necessary to pay more attention to prefabrication, construction convenience and structural toughness in the design of bridges.

[0003] Aiming at the problems existing in reinforced concrete pier-column nodes: 1. Weak energy consumption capacity; 2. Low degree of prefabrication; 3. Poor construction convenience; 4. Single environmental adaptability function; the present invention studies and designs a prefabricated multi-disaster adaptable bridge energy-absorbing pier-column node. The steel base can be prefabricated in the factory, with more flexible design and higher construction efficiency. A composite energy-absorbing mechanism with the dual functions of combined bearing and effective energy absorption is introduced into the steel base. In the face of disasters of different types and intensities, the position distribution of energy-absorbing cells in the composite energy-absorbing mechanism can be adjusted to enhance the disaster prevention capacity of the structure. Summary of the invention

[0004] In order to solve the above problems, the present invention aims to propose a prefabricated multi-disaster adaptable bridge energy-absorbing pier node, by introducing a multifunctional prefabricated steel base mechanism with the dual functions of combined load-bearing and effective energy absorption at the connection part, and the multifunctional prefabricated steel base mechanism has a built-in composite energy-absorbing mechanism. In the face of different types and levels of disasters of different intensities, the position distribution of the energy-absorbing cells in the composite energy-absorbing mechanism can be adjusted, thereby enhancing the disaster prevention capability of the structure.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the technical solution of the present invention is achieved as follows:

[0006] A prefabricated multi-disaster adaptable bridge energy-absorbing pier-column node comprises a bridge beam, a pier, a cap and a multifunctional prefabricated steel base mechanism with a built-in composite energy-absorbing mechanism, wherein the multifunctional prefabricated steel base mechanism is installed between the cap and the pier, the bridge beam is installed on the pier, and the composite energy-absorbing mechanism is provided with adjustable energy-absorbing cells.

[0007] Furthermore, when the pier is a high pier, a multifunctional prefabricated steel base mechanism with a built-in composite energy absorption mechanism is also installed between the bridge beam and the pier.

[0008] Furthermore, an external composite energy absorbing mechanism is installed between the multifunctional prefabricated steel base mechanism and the bridge beam, and the external composite energy absorbing mechanism is a buckling restrained support.

[0009] Furthermore, the multifunctional prefabricated steel base mechanism includes a lower bottom plate of a steel base, which is installed on the pedestal at both sides by reserved steel bars and connecting bolts and in the middle by metal connectors, and a composite energy-absorbing mechanism is installed on the upper part of the lower bottom plate of the steel base by reserved steel bars, and the upper part of the composite energy-absorbing mechanism is also connected with an upper serrated top plate of the steel base, a lower serrated bottom plate of the pier and the pier by reserved steel bars and connecting bolts, and a lower serrated bottom plate of the pier is installed on the upper serrations of the upper serrated top plate of the steel base, and a pier is supported on the lower serrated bottom plate of the pier, and a cross-shaped rib of the upper top plate of the steel base is installed between the lower serrated bottom plate of the pier and the pier to enhance the strength.

[0010] Furthermore, the composite energy-absorbing mechanism includes at least three layers of composite energy-absorbing mechanisms in the steel base. The composite energy-absorbing mechanisms in the steel base between adjacent layers are also connected by metal connectors and vertical steel plates of the steel base. The composite energy-absorbing mechanisms in the steel base of the top layer and the bottom layer are respectively connected to the upper serrated top plate of the steel base and the lower bottom plate of the steel base through reserved steel bars.

[0011] Furthermore, the composite energy-absorbing structure in each layer of the steel base includes a number of energy-absorbing cells. When the cross-section of the composite energy-absorbing structure in the steel base is circular, the energy-absorbing cell in the center is arranged in a "cross shape", and the energy-absorbing cells around it are arranged in a ring distribution and are connected in sequence and extend outward to form a circular frame; when the cross-section of the composite energy-absorbing structure in the steel base is rectangular, the energy-absorbing cells are connected in pairs in sequence to form a rectangular frame.

[0012] Furthermore, the energy-absorbing cell body includes a cell body elastic connector and a cell body, and adjacent cell bodies are connected by the cell body elastic connector. The cell body includes an annular sleeve connector, an energy-absorbing spring, a connecting spring and a cell body structural element. The center of the cell body structural element is connected to the annular sleeve connector by a connecting spring, and the cell body structural element is connected to a circular frame or a rectangular frame by an energy-absorbing spring.

[0013] Furthermore, tilt sensors are installed at the center bottom of the serrated bottom plate at the lower part of the pier column and the center top of the bottom plate at the lower part of the steel base.

[0014] Furthermore, the cross-section of the vertical steel plate of the steel base of the multifunctional prefabricated steel base mechanism is set to a rectangular cross-section or a streamlined cross-section; the cross-section of the composite energy dissipation mechanism in the three-layer steel base is consistent with the cross-section of the vertical steel plate of the steel base.

[0015] In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, the present invention also provides a design method for a prefabricated multi-disaster adaptive bridge energy-absorbing pier node, the design method comprising manufacturing and installation of the pier node, adaptive selection and application of the pier node, energy-absorbing mode of the pier node and early warning mode;

[0016] The manufacturing and installation of the pier node includes:

[0017] A1. Process and manufacture the corresponding serrated top plate of the steel base, the serrated bottom plate of the pier column, the cross-shaped ribs of the top plate of the steel base, the bottom plate of the steel base and the vertical steel plate of the steel base according to the design;

[0018] A2. In the area facing weak water flow impact, the vertical steel plate of the steel base is made into a rectangular cross-section, and in the area facing strong water flow impact, the vertical steel plate of the steel base is made into a streamlined cross-section;

[0019] A3. Pre-weld the upper serrated top plate of the steel base, the lower bottom plate of the steel base, and the vertical steel plate of the steel base to form a steel base;

[0020] A4. Install the tilt sensor at the center bottom of the serrated bottom plate at the bottom of the pier column and the center top of the bottom plate at the bottom of the steel base;

[0021] A5. Reserved steel bars are set on the cap and piers. The serrated bottom plate at the bottom of the pier, the serrated top plate at the top of the steel base and the bottom plate at the bottom of the steel base are all reserved with holes for steel bars to penetrate. The holes are reserved according to the axis of the extended steel bars, and the extended steel bars penetrate the bottom plate of the base. The connecting bolts are installed at the connection points.

[0022] A6. The reserved steel bars extending from the cap penetrate the top position to install a composite energy dissipation mechanism in the first layer of the steel base. The composite energy dissipation mechanism in the first layer of the steel base is connected with the composite energy dissipation mechanism in the second layer of the steel base by metal connectors, and the composite energy dissipation mechanism in the second layer of the steel base is installed;

[0023] A7. Install metal connectors on the upper part of the composite energy dissipation mechanism in the two-layer steel base, install the composite energy dissipation mechanism in the three-layer steel base, and the reserved steel bars at the lower part of the prefabricated pier column penetrate the reserved holes in the serrated bottom plate at the lower part of the pier column and the serrated top plate at the upper part of the steel base. The bottom of the reserved steel bars at the lower part of the prefabricated pier column is connected to the upper part of the composite energy dissipation mechanism in the three-layer steel base to form an integral steel support system;

[0024] A8. For high piers facing the strong water flow impact area, buckling restraint supports should be installed at the connection between the prefabricated piers and the bridge deck to increase the energy dissipation capacity of the pier nodes and the stability of the high piers;

[0025] The adaptive selection application of the pier column node includes:

[0026] B1. For low-seismic and weak-flow impact areas, the short pier is designed as a rectangular support + a three-layer internal energy-dissipating composite structure pier column node system; the high pier is designed as a rectangular steel support + an internal energy-dissipating composite structure pier column node system;

[0027] B2. For low-seismic and strong water flow impact areas, the short pier is designed as a circular / elliptical support + a three-layer internal energy dissipation composite mechanism pier column node system, and the high pier is designed as a circular steel support + an internal energy dissipation composite mechanism pier column node system;

[0028] B3. Facing strong earthquake and weak water flow impact areas, the short pier is designed as a rectangular support + (3+N) internal energy dissipation composite mechanism pier column node system, and the high pier is designed as a circular steel support + (3+N) internal energy dissipation composite mechanism pier column node system;

[0029] B4. For areas with strong earthquakes and strong water flow impacts, the short piers are designed as circular bearings + (3+N) internal energy dissipation composite mechanism pier column node system, and the high piers are designed as circular / elliptical steel bearings + internal energy dissipation composite mechanism + external energy dissipation mechanism pier column node system;

[0030] B5. The composite energy dissipation mechanism in the steel base can adjust the cell spacing to adapt to the reinforcement design of different piers;

[0031] The energy dissipation modes of the pier node include:

[0032] C1. Facing strong water flow impact and strong earthquake environment, a streamlined base is used to reduce flow resistance;

[0033] C2. The composite energy dissipation mechanism in the steel base is used to perform primary energy dissipation and joint bearing capacity, including: a local structural system with negative Poisson's ratio effect, the system including connecting springs, energy absorbing springs, cell structure elements, steel circular frames or rectangular frames and annular sleeve connectors;

[0034] C3. For the composite energy dissipation mechanism in the steel base, strong earthquake waves and strong water flow impacts cause the steel bars to undergo a small cross-sectional displacement. The annular sleeve connector and the connecting spring drive the structure to exert a negative Poisson's ratio effect, and the internal energy dissipation mechanism expands outward. The energy-absorbing spring provides a lateral support effect to the vertical steel plate of the steel base, increasing local stiffness, enhancing the toughness of the node system, and giving full play to the first-level energy absorption effect.

[0035] C4, external composite energy absorption mechanism is used to perform the second level of energy dissipation and stability enhancement capabilities, including buckling restraint support;

[0036] C5, buckling restrained brace provides lateral stiffness for the connection between the upper part of the high pier and the bridge deck, increases the structure's ability to resist fluid impact and overall stability, and plays a secondary energy absorption role in severe disaster environments;

[0037] The warning methods include:

[0038] D1. When the pier column has an instability tendency, taking the high pier as an example, the inclination sensor of the upper steel base detects an inclination of θ1, and the inclination sensor of the lower steel base detects an inclination of θ2.

[0039] D2, if θ1≈θ2, it indicates that the upper and lower stiffness of the pier are coordinated, synchronous displacement occurs, and the integrity is good;

[0040] D3. If θ1>θ2, it indicates that the upper rigidity of the multifunctional prefabricated steel base structure is weak, the risk of instability of the beam is high, and the weak area is located in the upper steel base area, so the upper base needs to be strengthened in a targeted manner;

[0041] D3. If θ1<θ2, it indicates that the lower rigidity of the multifunctional prefabricated steel base structure is weak, and the risk of instability of the beam and pier is high. The weak area is located in the lower steel base area, and the lower base needs to be strengthened in a targeted manner.

[0042] Beneficial effects: The construction method of the prefabricated bridge of the present invention can effectively reduce the pollution and interference to the water body. A multifunctional prefabricated steel base structure with the dual functions of combined load-bearing and effective energy absorption is introduced at the connection between the pier and the pedestal. The multifunctional prefabricated steel base structure has a built-in composite energy absorption structure. In the face of disasters of different types and intensities, the position distribution of the energy-consuming cells in the composite energy absorption structure can be adjusted to enhance the disaster prevention capability of the structure. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0043] The accompanying drawings constituting a part of the present invention are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention. The exemplary embodiments of the present invention and their descriptions are used to explain the present invention and do not constitute an improper limitation of the present invention. In the accompanying drawings:

[0044] Figure 1It is a structural schematic diagram of a prefabricated multi-disaster adaptive bridge energy-absorbing pier column node (short pier) according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0045] Figure 2 A schematic diagram comparing a prefabricated multi-disaster adaptive bridge energy-absorbing pier column node (high pier) without buckling restraint support and with buckling restraint support according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0046] Figure 3 A schematic diagram showing a comparison of a composite energy dissipation mechanism of a prefabricated multi-disaster adaptive bridge energy dissipation pier node in which the cross-section is circular and a rectangle according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0047] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of three types of cells of the prefabricated multi-disaster adaptive bridge energy-absorbing pier node according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0048] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the structural deformation mechanism of the prefabricated multi-disaster adaptive bridge energy-absorbing pier node when a disaster occurs according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0049] Figure 6 A schematic diagram showing a comparison between a rectangular cross section and a streamlined cross section of a vertical steel plate of a steel base of a multifunctional prefabricated steel base mechanism of a prefabricated multi-disaster adaptable bridge energy-absorbing pier node according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0050] Figure 7 It is a flow chart of the adaptive selection and application of pier nodes in the design method of prefabricated multi-disaster adaptive bridge energy-absorbing pier nodes described in an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0051] It should be noted that, in the absence of conflict, the embodiments of the present invention and the features in the embodiments can be combined with each other. The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and in combination with the embodiments.

[0052] Example 1

[0053] See also Figure 1-7 A prefabricated multi-disaster adaptable bridge energy-absorbing pier node, comprising a bridge beam 1, a pier 2, a cap 8 and a multifunctional prefabricated steel base mechanism with a built-in composite energy-absorbing mechanism, wherein the multifunctional prefabricated steel base mechanism is installed between the cap 8 and the pier 2, the bridge beam 1 is installed on the pier 2, and the composite energy-absorbing mechanism is provided with adjustable energy-absorbing cells.

[0054] The construction method of the prefabricated bridge in this embodiment can effectively reduce pollution and interference to the water body. A multifunctional prefabricated steel base structure with the dual functions of combined load-bearing and effective energy absorption is introduced at the connection between the pier and the pedestal. The multifunctional prefabricated steel base structure has a built-in composite energy absorption structure. In the face of disasters of different types and intensities, the position distribution of energy-consuming cells in the composite energy absorption structure can be adjusted to enhance the disaster prevention capability of the structure.

[0055] Since the prefabricated multi-hazard adaptable bridge energy-absorbing pier node of this embodiment will be used in a water flow environment, the multifunctional prefabricated steel base structure of this embodiment is easy to use corrosion-resistant steel to improve the structural strength of the pier node.

[0056] In a specific example, when the pier 2 is a high pier, a multifunctional prefabricated steel base structure with a built-in composite energy absorption mechanism is also installed between the bridge beam 1 and the pier 2.

[0057] In a specific example, an external composite energy absorbing mechanism is also installed between the multifunctional prefabricated steel base mechanism and the bridge beam 1 , and the external composite energy absorbing mechanism is a buckling restraint support 14 .

[0058] This embodiment can enhance the energy dissipation capacity of the pier column nodes and the stability of the high pier columns through buckling restrained bracing.

[0059] In a specific example, the multifunctional prefabricated steel base mechanism includes a lower bottom plate 7 of a steel base, and the lower bottom plate 7 of the steel base is installed on the pedestal 8 through reserved steel bars 11 and connecting bolts 10 on both sides and a metal connector 6 in the middle. A composite energy-absorbing mechanism is installed on the upper part of the lower bottom plate 7 of the steel base through the reserved steel bars 11. The upper part of the composite energy-absorbing mechanism is also connected with the upper serrated top plate 4 of the steel base, the lower serrated bottom plate 3 of the pier and the pier 2 through the reserved steel bars 11 and connecting bolts 10. The lower serrated bottom plate 3 of the pier is installed on the upper serrations of the upper serrated top plate 4 of the steel base, and the pier 2 is supported on the lower serrated bottom plate 3 of the pier. A cross-shaped rib 13 of the upper top plate of the steel base is also installed between the lower serrated bottom plate 3 of the pier and the pier 2 to enhance the strength.

[0060] In a specific example, the composite energy absorbing mechanism includes at least three layers of composite energy absorbing mechanisms 9 in the steel base. The composite energy absorbing mechanisms 9 in the steel base between adjacent layers are also connected through metal connectors 6 and vertical steel plates 5 of the steel base. The composite energy absorbing mechanisms 9 in the steel base of the top layer and the bottom layer are respectively connected to the upper serrated top plate 4 of the steel base and the lower bottom plate 7 of the steel base through reserved steel bars 11.

[0061] In this embodiment, the number of layers of the composite energy dissipation mechanism in the steel base can be selected according to the installation environment of the pier node. By having at least three layers of composite energy dissipation mechanism in the steel base, the energy dissipation capacity of the pier node can be significantly improved, thereby improving the stability of the pier node in the event of a disaster.

[0062] In a specific example, the composite energy dissipation mechanism 9 in each layer of the steel base includes a plurality of energy dissipation cells. When the cross-section of the composite energy dissipation mechanism 9 in the steel base is circular, the energy dissipation cells in the center are arranged in a "cross shape", and the energy dissipation cells around are arranged in a ring distribution and are connected in sequence and extend outward to form a circular frame; when the cross-section of the composite energy dissipation mechanism 9 in the steel base is rectangular, the energy dissipation cells are connected in sequence in pairs to form a rectangular frame.

[0063] It should be noted that the composite energy-absorbing mechanism in the steel base with a circular cross-section in this embodiment is suitable for areas with high environmental disaster risks and has better shock absorption effects; the composite energy-absorbing mechanism in the steel base with a rectangular cross-section is suitable for areas with low environmental disaster risks and has lower production costs.

[0064] In a specific example, the energy-absorbing cell body includes a cell body elastic connector 91 and a cell body 92. Adjacent cell bodies 92 are connected by the cell body elastic connector 91. The cell body 92 includes an annular sleeve connector 921, an energy absorption spring 922, a connecting spring 923 and a cell body structural element 924. The center of the cell body structural element 924 is connected to the annular sleeve connector 921 by a connecting spring 923. The cell body structural element 924 is connected to a circular frame or a rectangular frame by an energy absorption spring 922.

[0065] There are three types of cell bodies in this embodiment. The cell bodies inside the rectangular frame or the circular frame do not need to be provided with energy absorbing springs. Adjacent cell bodies are connected by cell body elastic connectors, and the cell bodies at the edge are connected to the circular frame or the rectangular frame through energy absorbing springs.

[0066] In a specific example, a tilt sensor 12 is installed at the center bottom of the pier column lower serrated bottom plate 3 and the center top of the lower bottom plate 7 of the steel base.

[0067] This embodiment can monitor the probability of instability risk of the beam body of the pier node through the tilt sensor, and conduct real-time monitoring of the possible overturning problem of the pier in the case of high-intensity disasters. When the probability of instability risk reaches a set value, adaptive reinforcement is carried out.

[0068] In a specific example, the cross section of the vertical steel plate 5 of the multifunctional prefabricated steel base structure is set to a rectangular cross section or a streamlined cross section; the cross section of the composite energy dissipation mechanism 9 in the three-layer steel base is consistent with the cross section of the vertical steel plate 5 of the steel base.

[0069] In this embodiment, when facing a weak fluid impact area, the vertical steel plate components of the steel base are made into a rectangular cross-section. When facing a strong water flow impact or a strong earthquake area, the steel base can be made into a streamlined cross-section, such as a circle or an ellipse.

[0070] Example 2

[0071] In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present embodiment also provides a design method for a prefabricated multi-disaster adaptive bridge energy-absorbing pier node, the design method comprising manufacturing and installation of the pier node, adaptive selection and application of the pier node, energy-absorbing mode of the pier node and early warning mode;

[0072] The manufacturing and installation of the pier node includes:

[0073] A1. Process and manufacture the corresponding upper serrated top plate 4 of the steel base, the lower serrated bottom plate 3 of the pier column, the cross-shaped ribs 13 of the upper top plate of the steel base, the lower bottom plate 7 of the steel base and the vertical steel plate 5 of the steel base according to the design;

[0074] A2. Facing the weak water flow impact area, the vertical steel plate 5 of the steel base is made into a rectangular cross-section, and facing the strong fluid impact area, the vertical steel plate 5 of the steel base is made into a streamlined cross-section;

[0075] A3, pre-weld the upper serrated top plate 4 of the steel base, the lower bottom plate 7 of the steel base, and the vertical steel plate 5 of the steel base to form a steel base;

[0076] A4, a tilt sensor 12 is installed at the center bottom of the serrated bottom plate 3 at the lower part of the pier column and the center top of the bottom plate 7 at the lower part of the steel base;

[0077] A5, cap 8 and pier 2 are all provided with reserved steel bars 11, the lower serrated bottom plate 3 of the pier, the upper serrated top plate 4 of the steel base and the lower bottom plate 7 of the steel base are all provided with reserved steel bar penetration holes, the steel bars are extended through the base bottom plate according to the reserved axial holes, and the steel bars are extended through the base bottom plate, and the connecting bolts 10 are installed at the connection points;

[0078] A6, the reserved steel bars 11 extending from the cap 8 penetrate the top position to install a layer of composite energy dissipation mechanism 9 in the steel base, the composite energy dissipation mechanism 9 in the steel base and the composite energy dissipation mechanism 9 in the steel base are connected with the composite energy dissipation mechanism 9 in the steel base by a metal connector 6, and the composite energy dissipation mechanism 9 in the steel base is installed in the steel base;

[0079] A7, metal connector 6 is installed on the upper part of composite energy dissipation mechanism 9 in the two-layer steel base, composite energy dissipation mechanism 9 in the three-layer steel base is installed, and the reserved steel bars 11 at the lower part of the prefabricated pier 2 penetrate the reserved holes of the serrated bottom plate 3 at the lower part of the pier and the upper serrated top plate 4 of the steel base, and the bottom of the reserved steel bars 11 at the lower part of the prefabricated pier 2 is connected to the upper part of composite energy dissipation mechanism 9 in the three-layer steel base to form an integral steel support system;

[0080] A8. If the high pier faces the strong water flow impact area, the prefabricated pier column and the bridge deck are connected with buckling restraint braces 14 to increase the energy dissipation capacity of the pier column node and the stability of the high pier column;

[0081] See also Figure 7 :The adaptability selection application of the pier column node includes:

[0082] B1. For low-seismic and weak-flow impact areas, the short pier is designed as a rectangular support + a three-layer internal energy-dissipating composite structure pier column node system; the high pier is designed as a rectangular steel support + an internal energy-dissipating composite structure pier column node system;

[0083] B2. For low-seismic and strong water flow impact areas, the short pier is designed as a circular / elliptical support + a three-layer internal energy dissipation composite mechanism pier column node system, and the high pier is designed as a circular steel support + an internal energy dissipation composite mechanism pier column node system;

[0084] B3. Facing strong earthquake and weak water flow impact areas, the short pier is designed as a rectangular support + (3+N) internal energy dissipation composite mechanism pier column node system, and the high pier is designed as a circular steel support + (3+N) internal energy dissipation composite mechanism pier column node system;

[0085] B4. For areas with strong earthquakes and strong water flow impacts, the short piers are designed as circular bearings + (3+N) internal energy dissipation composite mechanism pier column node system, and the high piers are designed as circular / elliptical steel bearings + internal energy dissipation composite mechanism + external energy dissipation mechanism pier column node system;

[0086] B5. The composite energy dissipation mechanism 9 in the steel base can adjust the spacing between the cells 92 to adapt to the reinforcement design of different piers;

[0087] The energy dissipation modes of the pier node include:

[0088] C1. Facing strong water flow impact and strong earthquake environment, a streamlined base is used to reduce flow resistance;

[0089] C2, the composite energy dissipation mechanism 9 in the steel base is used to perform primary energy dissipation and joint bearing capacity, including: a local structural system with negative Poisson's ratio effect, the system includes a connecting spring 923, an energy absorbing spring 922, a cell structure element 924, a steel circular frame or a rectangular frame and an annular sleeve connector 921;

[0090] C3. For the composite energy dissipation mechanism 9 in the steel base, the strong earthquake wave and strong water flow impact cause the steel bar to have a small cross-sectional displacement. The annular sleeve connector 921 and the connecting spring 923 drive the structure to exert a negative Poisson's ratio effect. The internal energy dissipation mechanism expands outward, and the energy absorption spring 922 provides a lateral support effect to the vertical steel plate 5 of the steel base, increasing the local stiffness, enhancing the toughness of the node system, and giving full play to the first-level energy absorption effect.

[0091] C4, external composite energy absorption mechanism for performing the second level of energy dissipation and stability enhancement capability, including buckling restraint brace 14;

[0092] C5, buckling restraint brace 14 provides lateral stiffness for the connection between the upper part of the high pier and the bridge deck, increases the structure's ability to resist fluid impact and overall stability, and plays a secondary energy absorption role in severe disaster environments;

[0093] The warning methods include:

[0094] D1. When the pier column has a tendency to become unstable in stage 2, taking the high pier as an example, the inclination sensor 12 of the upper steel base detects an inclination of θ1, and the inclination sensor 12 of the lower steel base detects an inclination of θ2.

[0095] D2, if θ1≈θ2, it indicates that the upper and lower stiffness of pier 2 are coordinated, synchronous offset occurs, and the integrity is good;

[0096] D3. If θ1>θ2, it indicates that the upper rigidity of the multifunctional prefabricated steel base structure is weak, the risk of instability of the beam is high, and the weak area is located in the upper steel base area, so the upper base needs to be strengthened in a targeted manner;

[0097] D3. If θ1<θ2, it indicates that the lower rigidity of the multifunctional prefabricated steel base structure is weak, and the risk of instability of the beam and pier is high. The weak area is located in the lower steel base area, and the lower base needs to be strengthened in a targeted manner.

[0098] In summary, the prefabricated production of the steel base of this embodiment can effectively improve the defects of low efficiency and environmental sensitivity of traditional pier construction; the energy dissipation mechanism of the steel base can effectively enhance the toughness of the pier node, and the internal cell design can optimize the reinforcement to improve the limitations of performance; facing multi-scenario disasters and piers of different heights, the shape design, internal and external energy dissipation mechanism design can be used to quickly determine the pier design ideas; on the basis of the design scheme, for the possible overturning problem of high piers in high-intensity disasters, tilt sensors are used to issue early warnings, providing an information-based reinforcement idea.

[0099] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A prefabricated multi-disaster adaptive bridge energy-absorbing pier node, characterized in that: The invention relates to a multifunctional prefabricated steel base structure, comprising a bridge beam (1), a pier (2), a cap (8), and a composite energy absorption mechanism built therein, wherein the multifunctional prefabricated steel base structure is installed between the cap (8) and the pier (2), the bridge beam (1) is installed on the pier (2), and an adjustable energy-absorbing cell is arranged in the composite energy absorption mechanism. The multifunctional prefabricated steel base structure comprises a steel base lower bottom plate (7), the steel base lower bottom plate (7) is installed on the cap (8) at both sides by means of reserved steel bars (11) and connecting bolts (10), and in the middle by means of a metal connecting piece (6), and the steel base lower bottom plate (7) is installed on the cap (8). A composite energy absorbing mechanism is installed on the upper part of the bottom plate (7) through reserved steel bars (11). The upper part of the composite energy absorbing mechanism is also connected to the upper serrated top plate (4) of the profile steel base, the lower serrated bottom plate (3) of the pier column, and the pier column (2) through the reserved steel bars (11) and the connecting bolts (10). The lower serrated bottom plate (3) of the pier column is installed on the upper serrations of the upper serrated top plate (4) of the profile steel base. The pier column (2) is supported on the lower serrated bottom plate (3) of the pier column. A cross-shaped rib (13) of the upper top plate of the profile steel base is also installed between the lower serrated bottom plate (3) of the pier column and the pier column (2) to enhance the strength.

2. The prefabricated multi-disaster adaptive bridge energy-absorbing pier node according to claim 1 is characterized in that: When the pier column (2) is a high pier, a multifunctional prefabricated steel base structure with a built-in composite energy absorption mechanism is also installed between the bridge beam body (1) and the pier column (2).

3. The prefabricated multi-disaster adaptive bridge energy-absorbing pier node according to claim 2 is characterized in that: An external composite energy absorption mechanism is also installed between the multifunctional prefabricated steel base mechanism and the bridge beam body (1), and the external composite energy absorption mechanism is a buckling restraint support (14).

4. The prefabricated multi-disaster adaptive bridge energy-absorbing pier node according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The composite energy absorbing mechanism comprises at least three layers of composite energy absorbing mechanisms (9) in a steel base. The composite energy absorbing mechanisms (9) in adjacent layers are also connected by metal connectors (6) in conjunction with the vertical steel plates (5) of the steel base. The composite energy absorbing mechanisms (9) in the steel base of the top layer and the bottom layer are respectively connected to the upper sawtooth top plate (4) of the steel base and the lower bottom plate (7) of the steel base by reserved steel bars (11).

5. The prefabricated multi-disaster adaptive bridge energy-absorbing pier node according to claim 4 is characterized in that: Each layer of the composite energy dissipation mechanism (9) in the profile steel base includes a plurality of energy dissipation cells. When the cross section of the composite energy dissipation mechanism (9) in the profile steel base is circular, the energy dissipation cells in the center are arranged in a "cross shape", and the energy dissipation cells around are arranged in a ring distribution and are connected in sequence and extend outward to form a circular frame; when the cross section of the composite energy dissipation mechanism (9) in the profile steel base is rectangular, the energy dissipation cells are connected in sequence in pairs to form a rectangular frame.

6. The prefabricated multi-disaster adaptive bridge energy-absorbing pier node according to claim 5 is characterized in that: The energy-dissipating cell body comprises a cell body elastic connector (91) and a cell body (92); adjacent cell bodies (92) are connected via the cell body elastic connector (91); the cell body (92) comprises an annular sleeve connector (921), an energy-absorbing spring (922), a connecting spring (923), and a cell body structural element (924); the center of the cell body structural element (924) is connected to the annular sleeve connector (921) via the connecting spring (923); and the cell body structural element (924) is connected to a circular frame or a rectangular frame via the energy-absorbing spring (922).

7. The prefabricated multi-disaster adaptive bridge energy-absorbing pier node according to claim 1 is characterized in that: A tilt sensor (12) is installed at the central bottom of the serrated bottom plate (3) at the bottom of the pier column and at the central top of the bottom plate (7) at the bottom of the steel base.

8. The prefabricated multi-disaster adaptive bridge energy-absorbing pier node according to claim 4 is characterized in that: The cross section of the vertical steel plate (5) of the multifunctional prefabricated steel base structure is set to be a rectangular cross section or a streamlined cross section; the cross section of the composite energy dissipation mechanism (9) in the three-layer steel base is consistent with the cross section of the vertical steel plate (5) of the steel base.

9. A design method for prefabricated multi-disaster adaptive bridge energy-absorbing pier node, characterized in that: The design method includes the manufacturing and installation of pier nodes, the adaptive selection and application of pier nodes, the energy consumption mode and early warning mode of pier nodes; The manufacturing and installation of the pier node includes: A1. Process and manufacture the corresponding upper serrated top plate (4) of the steel base, the lower serrated bottom plate (3) of the pier column, the cross-shaped ribs (13) of the upper top plate of the steel base, the lower bottom plate (7) of the steel base, and the vertical steel plate (5) of the steel base according to the design; A2. In the area facing weak water flow impact, the vertical steel plate (5) of the steel base is made into a rectangular cross-section, and in the area facing strong water flow impact, the vertical steel plate (5) of the steel base is made into a streamlined cross-section; A3, pre-welding the upper serrated top plate (4) of the steel base, the lower bottom plate (7) of the steel base, and the vertical steel plate (5) of the steel base to form a steel base; A4, a tilt sensor (12) is installed at the center bottom of the serrated bottom plate (3) at the bottom of the pier column and the center top of the bottom plate (7) at the bottom of the steel base; A5, the cap (8) and the pier (2) are all provided with reserved steel bars (11), the lower serrated bottom plate (3) of the pier, the upper serrated top plate (4) of the steel base and the lower bottom plate (7) of the steel base are all provided with reserved steel bar penetration holes, the steel bars are extended through the base bottom plate according to the reserved holes with the axis relative to the extended steel bars, and the extended steel bars are extended through the base bottom plate, and the connecting bolts (10) are installed at the connection points; A6, the reserved steel bars (11) extending from the cap (8) penetrate the top position to install a layer of composite energy dissipation mechanism (9) in the steel base, the composite energy dissipation mechanism (9) in the steel base and the composite energy dissipation mechanism (9) in the steel base are connected with each other by a metal connector (6), and the composite energy dissipation mechanism (9) in the steel base is installed in the steel base; A7, installing a metal connector (6) on the upper part of the composite energy dissipation mechanism (9) in the two-layer steel base, installing the composite energy dissipation mechanism (9) in the three-layer steel base, the reserved steel bars (11) at the lower part of the prefabricated pier column (2) penetrate the reserved holes in the serrated bottom plate (3) at the lower part of the pier column and the serrated top plate (4) at the upper part of the steel base, and the bottom of the reserved steel bars (11) at the lower part of the prefabricated pier column (2) is connected to the upper part of the composite energy dissipation mechanism (9) in the three-layer steel base, so as to form an integral steel support system; A8. If the high pier faces the strong water flow impact disaster area, the prefabricated pier column and the bridge deck are connected with buckling restraint braces (14) to increase the energy dissipation capacity of the pier column node and the stability of the high pier column; The adaptive selection application of the pier column node includes: B1. For low-seismic and weak-flow impact areas, the short pier is designed as a rectangular support + a three-layer internal energy-dissipating composite structure pier column node system; the high pier is designed as a rectangular steel support + an internal energy-dissipating composite structure pier column node system; B2. For low-seismic and strong water flow impact areas, the short pier is designed as a circular / elliptical support + a three-layer internal energy dissipation composite mechanism pier column node system, and the high pier is designed as a circular steel support + an internal energy dissipation composite mechanism pier column node system; B3. Facing strong earthquake and weak water flow impact areas, the short pier is designed as a rectangular support + (3+N) internal energy dissipation composite mechanism pier column node system, and the high pier is designed as a circular steel support + (3+N) internal energy dissipation composite mechanism pier column node system; B4. For areas with strong earthquakes and strong water flow impacts, the short piers are designed as circular bearings + (3+N) internal energy dissipation composite mechanism pier column node system, and the high piers are designed as circular / elliptical steel bearings + internal energy dissipation composite mechanism + external energy dissipation mechanism pier column node system; B5. The composite energy dissipation mechanism (9) in the steel base can adjust the spacing of the cells (92) to adapt to the reinforcement design of different piers; The energy dissipation modes of the pier node include: C1. Facing strong water flow impact and strong earthquake environment, streamlined base is used to reduce flow resistance; C2. The composite energy dissipation mechanism (9) in the steel base is used to perform primary energy dissipation and combined bearing capacity, and includes: a local structural system with a negative Poisson's ratio effect, the system including a connecting spring (923), an energy absorbing spring (922), a cell structure element (924), a steel circular frame or a rectangular frame and an annular sleeve connector (921); C3. For the composite energy dissipation structure (9) inside the steel base, strong earthquake waves and strong water flow impacts cause the steel bars to undergo a slight displacement in cross section. The structure is driven to exert a negative Poisson's ratio effect through the annular sleeve connector (921) and the connecting spring (923). The internal energy dissipation structure expands outwards, and the energy absorption spring (922) provides a lateral support effect to the vertical steel plate (5) of the steel base, thereby increasing local stiffness, enhancing the toughness of the node system, and giving full play to the first-level energy absorption effect. C4, external composite energy absorption mechanism for performing the second level of energy dissipation and stability enhancement capabilities, including buckling restraint bracing (14); C5, buckling restrained brace (14) provides lateral stiffness for the connection between the upper part of the high pier and the bridge deck, increases the structure's ability to resist fluid impact and overall stability, and plays a secondary energy absorption role in severe disaster environments; The warning methods include: D1, when the pier column (2) shows a tendency to become unstable, the tilt sensor (12) of the upper steel base of the high pier detects a tilt of θ1, and the tilt sensor (12) of the lower steel base detects a tilt of θ2; D2, if θ1≈θ2, it indicates that the upper and lower stiffness of the pier (2) are coordinated, synchronous deflection occurs, and the integrity is good; D3. If θ1>θ2, it indicates that the upper rigidity of the multifunctional prefabricated steel base structure is weak, the risk of instability of the beam is high, and the weak area is located in the upper steel base area, so the upper base needs to be strengthened in a targeted manner; D3. If θ1<θ2, it indicates that the lower rigidity of the multifunctional prefabricated steel base structure is weak, and the risk of instability of the beam and pier is high. The weak area is located in the lower steel base area, and the lower base needs to be strengthened in a targeted manner.

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