Over-break and under-break control method for tunnel excavation of three-arm drill jumbo

Abstract

The invention provides an over-excavation and under-excavation control method for tunnel excavation of a three-arm drill jumbo, which is suitable for the field of tunnel excavation and comprises the steps of early-stage preparation, equipment debugging, installation of a detection instrument, monitoring of an excavation process, data processing and analysis and feedback construction. According to the back-break control method for tunnel excavation of the three-arm drill jumbo, inclination angle data of the drill hole can be monitored in real time, the angle of the drill hole can be accurately controlled, execution is carried out strictly according to the drilling angle designed according to a blasting scheme, and finally control over back-break of the tunnel is guaranteed; the tunnel excavation efficiency of the three-arm drill jumbo can be further improved, and the three-arm drill jumbo can be widely applied to the field of tunnel excavation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to an over-break and under-break control method for tunnel excavation by a three-arm rock drilling trolley, and is applicable to the field of tunnel excavation. Background Art

[0002] In modern tunnel excavation operations, the three-arm rock drilling rig is an important construction equipment, and the working state of its drill bit directly affects the construction efficiency and safety. The drill bit may be in a variety of states during operation, such as normal operation, wear, drill jamming, deflection, etc. Timely identification of these states is of great significance for preventing equipment failures, reducing maintenance costs and improving construction efficiency.

[0003] In the process of tunnel excavation using a three-arm drilling rig, the main steps are advance exploration - measurement and layout - rig drilling - charging and blasting - slag removal. The most important thing in the excavation process is to ensure the quality of excavation. How to quantitatively measure the quality of excavation? At present, the industry mainly uses the method of calculating over-excavation and under-excavation, and the main control principle is "strictly prohibit under-excavation and control over-excavation". How to ensure that over-excavation and under-excavation can achieve the expected results, the formulation and implementation of blasting plans are important links. How to ensure the quality of blasting, among which the accuracy of drilling is an important aspect to ensure the blasting effect, that is, drilling in strict accordance with the number, position and angle of drilling required by the blasting plan is an important aspect to ensure the blasting effect, thereby achieving the purpose of controlling over-excavation. As for how to control the drilling quality of the three-arm drilling rig, the current practice in the industry is mostly to adopt experience, relying on experienced workers to control and achieve the purpose of control. Obviously, there are big problems in doing this. On the one hand, relying on manual experience is not accurate, and on the other hand, the cost of training workers is also high. Based on this, there is an urgent need for a method that can automatically and intelligently control the drilling angle of a three-arm drilling rig to achieve better control of over-excavation and under-excavation. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to propose a method for quickly judging the drill bit status of a three-arm drilling rig tunnel excavation based on vibration data recognition, which can detect equipment abnormalities in time through data monitoring and real-time monitoring to ensure the smooth progress of construction.

[0005] The purpose of the present invention can be achieved by adopting the following technical solutions:

[0006] A method for controlling overbreak and underbreak in tunnel excavation by a three-arm drilling rig comprises the following steps:

[0007] S101, preliminary preparation;

[0008] The preliminary preparation includes detailed geological exploration to obtain information on rock and soil properties, groundwater level, stratum distribution, etc. in the tunnel excavation area, and evaluation of rock strength, crack development and its impact on excavation through drilling, sampling and laboratory analysis;

[0009] The preliminary preparation also includes formulating a reasonable tunnel excavation design plan and determining the working parameters of the rock drilling rig based on the exploration results;

[0010] S102, equipment debugging;

[0011] The equipment commissioning includes a comprehensive inspection of the three-arm drilling rig, including the electrical system, hydraulic system, and mechanical components, to ensure that the equipment is in normal condition;

[0012] The equipment debugging includes setting the working parameters of the rock drill according to the geological conditions and design plan, conducting a trial run, observing the working status of the equipment, and ensuring that the parameters are reasonable;

[0013] S103, installation of monitoring instruments;

[0014] The installation of the monitoring instrument includes installing an inclination sensor on the drilling arm of the three-arm drilling rig, wherein the inclination sensor is used to measure the inclination of the borehole;

[0015] S104, excavation process monitoring;

[0016] The excavation process monitoring includes, during the drilling process using the three-arm drilling rig, the inclination sensor on the drilling arm obtains the inclination measurement data of the drilling arm at a certain time interval, wherein the inclination measurement data of the i-th time interval is represented as Q i ;

[0017] S105, data processing and analysis;

[0018] The data processing and analysis includes obtaining n inclination measurement data Q i , i = 1 ~ n, calculate the absolute value error W of the inclination measurement i , i = 1 ~ n, the calculation formula is formula (1),

[0019] W i =|D j -Q i | (1)

[0020] Where D j The drilling angle designed for the blasting scheme with drilling number j;

[0021] The data processing and analysis also includes measuring the absolute value error W of the inclination angle obtained. i, i = 1 ~ n, the autoregressive moving average model is used to measure the next inclination data Q n+1 The absolute value error is used to predict and obtain the predicted value W n +1 ;

[0022] S106, feedback construction;

[0023] The feedback construction includes obtaining the predicted value W n+1 , to determine whether the drilling inclination state of the drilling arm meets the requirements for continuing construction. If the predicted value W n+1 If it is greater than the threshold ε, an early warning is issued to require the operator to make adjustments. If it is less than or equal to the threshold ε, normal operations are performed without issuing an early warning.

[0024] Furthermore, in the above S105, the predicted value W is obtained by using the autoregressive moving average model n+1 The method steps are: a) data preprocessing, the absolute value error W of the input data i , i=1~n for preprocessing, the preprocessing method is to check the integrity of the data, and use the median to interpolate the missing data, b) data visualization and stationarity test, draw a time series graph, observe the sales trend and nodularity, and preliminarily judge whether the data is stable, and whether there is a trend and seasonality through visualization, c) perform a stationarity test on the data, if the data is not stable, use the difference method to ensure the data stability, d) model identification, determine the parameters of the model, e) model fitting and optimization, use data Wi, i=1~n to fit the autoregressive moving average model, and optimize according to the fitting situation, f) use the optimized model to predict the data of the next time price and obtain the predicted value W n+1 .

[0025] Furthermore, in the above S106, the threshold ε is calculated by using the following formula (2):

[0026]

[0027] In the formula, a is a fixed term with a value of 0.005, b is a fixed term with a value of 0.05, and GSI is the geological strength index of rock.

[0028] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0029] The present invention can accurately control the angle of the borehole by installing an inclination sensor on the drilling arm of the three-arm rock drilling trolley to monitor the inclination data of the borehole in real time. This real-time monitoring and feedback mechanism can effectively reduce the deviation of the borehole angle, thereby ensuring the quality of the borehole and achieving the expected excavation effect. During the excavation process, the autoregressive moving average model (ARIMA) is used to predict the absolute value error of the inclination measurement, and potential inclination problems can be discovered in advance. According to the prediction results, corresponding adjustment measures are taken to avoid quality problems caused by the inclination of the borehole during the construction process, thereby optimizing the construction process and improving work efficiency. By predicting the inclination error, early warning and adjustment can be made before the problem actually occurs. This early warning mechanism helps to reduce frequent on-site adjustments, reduce construction costs, and improve the stability and reliability of construction. The real-time monitoring and prediction mechanism can promptly discover potential construction problems and avoid safety hazards caused by the inclination of the borehole. By controlling the drilling angle within a safe range, construction safety is ensured and the safety of the overall project is improved. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0030] Figure 1 It is a flow chart of the over-break and under-break control method of tunnel excavation by a three-arm rock drilling rig of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 2 This is a result diagram of an embodiment of the over-break and under-break control method for tunnel excavation using a three-arm drilling rig of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0032] The specific embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings; it should be understood that the specific embodiments given here are only used to illustrate and explain the present invention and cannot be used to limit the present invention.

[0033] The following is a specific embodiment of a method for controlling overbreak and underbreak in tunnel excavation using a three-arm drilling rig.

[0034] The specific project of this embodiment is: the total length of the C2 line of the Eighth Division of the General Manager's Office of the East Coast Railway Project of China Communications Construction Corporation Malaysia is 3595m, with an import mileage of CH000+606 and an export mileage of CH004+201. The line changes from the import end to the CH002+400 with a slope of 3‰ and a slope of 6‰. The maximum burial depth is 335m, the minimum burial depth is 5m, and the tunnel is designed as a ballasted composite lining structure with a standard line spacing of 4.2m. The design of the Serendan 1# Tunnel is an inclined shaft auxiliary construction and rescue channel with a length of 261m, and the clear section size of the inclined shaft is 5m*8m. The longitudinal slope of A1-1CH0+261-A1-1CH0+052 is 10%, and the longitudinal slope of A1-1CH0+052-A1-1CH0+000 is 1.6%. It adopts a trackless double-lane design and an anchor sprayed lining + molded lining structure. The main design technical standards of the Shuangwendan 1# Tunnel are shown in Table 1.

[0035] Table 1 Main design technical standards of Shuangwendan No. 1 tunnel

[0036] Tunnel Name Serendah Tunnel 1 Railway Grade National Railway Class I Track Type Ballasted track gauge 1435mm (standard track gauge) Number of main lines Double Line Tunnel length 3595m Maximum slope 5‰ Minimum curve radius 1000m Clearance section on rail surface Height 8.15m, width 11.2m Clearance area on track surface 76.63m2 Traction type Electric traction Occlusion type Automatic Block

[0037] Combination process Figure 1 The over-break and under-break control method for tunnel excavation by a three-arm drilling rig in this embodiment includes the following steps:

[0038] S101, preliminary preparation;

[0039] The preliminary preparation includes detailed geological exploration to obtain information on rock and soil properties, groundwater level, stratum distribution, etc. in the tunnel excavation area, and evaluation of rock strength, crack development and its impact on excavation through drilling, sampling and laboratory analysis;

[0040] The preliminary preparation also includes formulating a reasonable tunnel excavation design plan and determining the working parameters of the rock drilling rig based on the exploration results;

[0041] S102, equipment debugging;

[0042] The equipment commissioning includes a comprehensive inspection of the three-arm drilling rig, including the electrical system, hydraulic system, and mechanical components, to ensure that the equipment is in normal condition;

[0043] The equipment debugging includes setting the working parameters of the rock drill according to the geological conditions and design plan, conducting a trial run, observing the working status of the equipment, and ensuring that the parameters are reasonable;

[0044] S103, installation of monitoring instruments;

[0045] The installation of the monitoring instrument includes installing an inclination sensor on the drilling arm of the three-arm drilling rig, wherein the inclination sensor is used to measure the inclination of the borehole;

[0046] S104, excavation process monitoring;

[0047] The excavation process monitoring includes, during the drilling process using the three-arm drilling rig, the inclination sensor on the drilling arm obtains the inclination measurement data of the drilling arm at a certain time interval, wherein the inclination measurement data of the i-th time interval is represented as Qi;

[0048] S105, data processing and analysis;

[0049] The data processing and analysis includes calculating the absolute value error W of the inclination measurement based on the n inclination measurement data Qi, i=1-n obtained. i , i = 1 ~ n, the calculation formula is formula (1),

[0050] W i=|D j -Q i | (1)

[0051] Where D j The drilling angle designed for the blasting scheme with drilling number j;

[0052] The data processing and analysis also includes measuring the absolute value error W of the inclination angle obtained. i , i = 1 ~ n, the autoregressive moving average model is used to measure the next inclination data Q n+1 The absolute value error is used to predict and obtain the predicted value W n+1 ; Further, in the above S105, the predicted value W is obtained by using the autoregressive moving average model n+1 The method steps are as follows: a) data preprocessing, preprocessing the absolute value error Wi, i = 1~n of the input data, the preprocessing method is to check the integrity of the data, and use the median to interpolate the missing data, b) data visualization and stationarity test, draw a time series graph, observe the sales trend and nodularity, and preliminarily judge whether the data is stable, and whether there is a trend and seasonality through visualization, c) perform a stationarity test on the data, if the data is not stable, use the difference method to ensure the data is stable, d) model identification, determine the parameters of the model, e) model fitting and optimization, use the data Wi, i = 1~n to fit the autoregressive moving average model, and optimize according to the fitting situation, f) use the optimized model to predict the data of the next time price to obtain the predicted value W n+1 .

[0053] S106, feedback construction;

[0054] The feedback construction includes obtaining the predicted value W n+1 , to determine whether the drilling inclination state of the drilling arm meets the requirements for continuing construction. If the predicted value W n+1 If it is greater than the threshold ε, an early warning is issued to require the operator to make adjustments. If it is less than or equal to the threshold ε, normal operations are performed without issuing an early warning.

[0055] Furthermore, in the above S106, the threshold ε is calculated by using the following formula (2):

[0056]

[0057] In the formula, a is a fixed term with a value of 0.005, b is a fixed term with a value of 0.05, and GSI is the geological strength index of rock.

[0058] In this embodiment, during the blasting construction of a section of Shuangwendan No. 1 tunnel, the over-break and under-break control method of the present invention is used. Since a large number of holes need to be drilled during the actual blasting plan execution, a blasthole numbered 131 is randomly selected in this embodiment to perform displacement monitoring to obtain monitoring data and to use the autoregressive moving average model to obtain the predicted value W. n+1 The results are as follows Figure 2 As shown, the threshold is calculated according to formula (2). According to the actual project, the rock GSI value of this project is 45, and the calculated threshold is set to 0.006.

[0059] At the same time, when formulating the calculation method of the threshold value ε, the requirements of relevant specifications are comprehensively considered. The borehole position deviation is generally required to be ±50mm, the deflection is generally set to 0-15° in the blasting plan, and the deflection deviation is generally required to be within ±0.5°~1°. According to relevant engineering experience, the situation of rocks is different. When the rock hardness is poor, the deviation is generally required to be appropriately relaxed. When the rock hardness is relatively large, the deviation requirement is generally required to be appropriately reduced. Based on this, the geological strength index of rock is introduced. The deflection angle is dynamically adjusted according to the rock hardness of the tunnel excavation face. Compared with the traditional fixed definition of deflection as 1°, this method is more in line with the actual situation on site.

[0060] In the above embodiment, the present invention discloses a method for controlling over-break and under-break of tunnel excavation with a three-arm drilling rig; including preliminary preparation, equipment debugging, installation of detection instruments, monitoring of the excavation process, data processing and analysis, and feedback construction; the method for controlling over-break and under-break of tunnel excavation with a three-arm drilling rig proposed in the present invention can monitor the inclination data of the borehole in real time, can accurately control the angle of the borehole, and then strictly execute the drilling angle designed in the blasting plan, and finally ensure the control of over-break and under-break of the tunnel, which is more conducive to further improving the efficiency of the tunnel excavation work of the three-arm drilling rig, and can be widely used in the field of tunnel excavation.

[0061] The above description is a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for controlling overbreak and underbreak in tunnel excavation by a three-arm drilling rig, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S101 Preliminary preparation; The preliminary preparation includes detailed geological exploration to obtain information on rock and soil properties, groundwater level, and stratum distribution in the tunnel excavation area, and to evaluate rock strength, crack development, and its impact on excavation through drilling, sampling, and laboratory analysis; The preliminary preparation also includes formulating a reasonable tunnel excavation design plan and determining the working parameters of the rock drilling rig based on the exploration results; S102 equipment debugging; The equipment commissioning includes a comprehensive inspection of the three-arm drilling rig, including the electrical system, hydraulic system, and mechanical components, to ensure that the equipment is in normal condition; The equipment debugging also includes setting the working parameters of the rock drill according to the geological conditions and design plan, conducting a trial run, observing the working status of the equipment, and ensuring that the parameters are reasonable; S103 Installation of monitoring instruments; The installation of the monitoring instrument includes installing an inclination sensor on the drilling arm of the three-arm drilling rig, wherein the inclination sensor is used to measure the inclination of the borehole; S104 excavation process monitoring; The excavation process monitoring includes, during the drilling process using the three-arm drilling rig, the inclination sensor on the drilling arm obtains the inclination measurement data of the drilling arm at a certain time interval, wherein the inclination measurement data of the i-th time interval is represented as Q i ; S105 data processing and analysis; The data processing and analysis includes obtaining n inclination measurement data Q i , i = 1 ~ n, calculate the absolute value error W of the inclination measurement i , i = 1 ~ n, the calculation formula is formula (1), W i =|D j -Q i | (1) Where D j The drilling angle designed for the blasting scheme with drilling number j; The data processing and analysis also includes measuring the absolute value error W of the inclination angle obtained. i , i = 1 ~ n, the autoregressive moving average model is used to measure the next inclination data Q n+1 The absolute value error is used to predict and obtain the predicted value W n +1 ; S106 feedback construction; The feedback construction includes obtaining the predicted value W n+1 , to determine whether the drilling inclination state of the drilling arm meets the requirements for continuing construction. If the predicted value W n+1 If it is greater than the threshold ε, an early warning is issued to require the operator to make adjustments. If it is less than or equal to the threshold ε, normal operations are performed without issuing an early warning.

2. The overbreak and underbreak control method for tunnel excavation by a three-arm drilling rig according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S105, the predicted value W is obtained by using the autoregressive moving average model. n+1 The method steps are: a) Data preprocessing: the absolute value error W of the input data i , i=1~n for preprocessing, the preprocessing method is to check the integrity of the data and use the median to interpolate the missing data; b) Data visualization and stationarity test: draw time series graphs, observe sales trends and nodules, and use visualization to preliminarily determine whether the data is stationary, and whether there is a trend and seasonality; c) Perform a stability test on the data. If the data is not stable, use the difference method to ensure data stability. d) Model identification and determine the parameters of the model; e) Model fitting and optimization, using data W i , i = 1 ~ n fit the autoregressive moving average model and optimize it according to the fitting situation; f) Use the optimized model to predict the price data for the next time and obtain the predicted value W n+1 .

3. The overbreak and underbreak control method for tunnel excavation by a three-arm drilling rig according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S106, the calculation formula of the threshold ε is as follows: In formula (2), a is a fixed term with a value of 0.005, b is a fixed term with a value of 0.05, and GSI is the geological strength index of rock.

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