New safe and efficient slotting method for medium-length hole

Abstract

The application discloses a novel safe and efficient slotting method for medium-length hole, only excavates a small cross-section rock drilling roadway, and divides an upper part of the rock drilling roadway into one or more blasting slotting areas; two ends of the blasting slotting area are reference points, a plurality of inclined upper blast holes are drilled at each reference point, the plurality of blast hole rows drilled by the two reference points are distributed along an axial direction of the blasting slotting area, and distribution forms of the plurality of blast hole rows drilled by the two reference points present a plurality of nested right-angled chevrons; blast holes of each blast hole row are distributed in a fan shape, and the fan shape diverges upwards; after initiation of a roof area of the rock drilling roadway, initiation of two sides of the blasting slotting area is performed again, and more free surfaces are provided for the two sides of the blasting slotting area. Compared with the prior art, the application has the beneficial effects of greatly reducing a preparation engineering quantity, reducing operating personnel, being safe and reliable, and efficiently completing mining through medium-length hole caving.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of mining, in particular to a new type of safe and efficient slotting method for medium-length hole. BACKGROUND

[0002] Medium-length hole slotting is a key step for medium-length hole stope recovery, and safe and efficient slotting blasting plays a crucial role in medium-length hole stope recovery. At present, the slotting space is generally formed by cutting the roadway combined with cutting the well in the medium-length hole slotting: the cutting roadway is cut by the mining machine between the stope haulage roadway and the return airway; a plurality of cutting wells are cut upward at the top of the cutting roadway, and blast holes are drilled in the peripheral wall of the cutting well; therefore, in this slotting method, the amount of preliminary mining engineering is large, the exposed area of the roof is large, the safety risk is large, the support cost is high, and the number of blast holes is large.

[0003] Due to the application of the rock drilling jumbo, the cross section of the rock drilling roadway is still large, for the two-step inter-column stope, and the stope with developed structure and broken rock structure, or the stope with unstable surrounding rock in the fracture zone, the exposed area of the roof is directly related to the safety of the stope support rock drilling and blasting operation environment, and some stope roofs are broken and even cannot be constructed in the cutting well blast hole direction.

[0004] Therefore, how to ensure efficient non-raising slot blasting in a small cross-section rock drilling roadway becomes a new research direction, and therefore a new type of safe and efficient slotting method for medium-length hole is set. SUMMARY

[0005] The present application aims to solve at least one of the above-mentioned technical problems, and provides a new type of safe and efficient slotting method for medium-length hole, which solves the problems of immature technology, large safety risk, and large number of blast holes in the non-raising slotting technology for unstable stope described in the background art.

[0006] In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the present application is:

[0007] A new type of safe and efficient slotting method for medium-length hole, comprising

[0008] Step a: excavating a rock drilling roadway from the stope haulage roadway and / or the return airway, anchoring and netting the excavation face, until the stope haulage roadway and the return airway are connected, the roof and the side wall of the connection area are not supported, and the structure of the mine is analyzed during construction;

[0009] Step b: dividing the stope area to be broken into one or more blasting slotting areas along the axial direction of the rock drilling roadway;

[0010] Step c, the two ends of the blasting slot area are taken as reference points, and a plurality of inclined upper blast holes are drilled at each reference point, the plurality of blast hole rows drilled at the two reference points are distributed along the axial direction of the blasting slot area, and the distribution of the plurality of blast hole rows drilled at the two reference points presents a plurality of nested right-angled chevrons, and the blast holes of each blast hole row are distributed in a fan shape, and the fan shape diverges upward;

[0011] Step d, for the plurality of blast hole rows, the drill roadway is taken as a free surface and a compensation space, the delay initiation time of the explosive charge is inversely related to the distance from the drill roadway free surface, and after the initiation of the roof area of the drill roadway is completed, the two sides of the blasting slot area are initiated again, thereby providing more free surfaces for the two sides of the blasting slot area.

[0012] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present application include: only excavating a small cross-section drill roadway, greatly reducing the amount of preparation engineering, reducing mechanical noise and waste gas, reducing the number of workers, being safe and reliable, and rapidly and efficiently completing mining by medium-length hole caving; the stope is blasted zone by zone, the arrangement of the blast hole rows of each zone presents a plurality of spaced nested right-angled chevrons, thereby improving the caving effect and reducing blasting crushing and dilution; all blast holes are orderly arranged in the longitudinal and transverse directions, which facilitates ore boundary rupture and facilitates the removal of stone inclusions.

[0013] As an improvement of the above technical solution, for the stoping of the ore body on the side of the blasting slot area, the blast hole is controlled by a "YT-28 drill".

[0014] As an improvement of the above technical solution, each blast hole is continuously coupled with a full-hole depth charge, and a detonating cord is laid along the full-hole depth.

[0015] As an improvement of the above technical solution, each blast hole is spaced and not coupled with a charge, the bottom of each blast hole is filled with stemming, and the explosive charges of adjacent blast holes are distributed in a staggered manner.

[0016] As an improvement of the above technical solution, the charging device is adapted to push the explosive charge into the blast hole through a petal-shaped closure plate, at least one petal piece of the upper side of the petal-shaped closure plate is provided with a filling hole, the charging device fills stemming into the upper end and the peripheral side of the explosive charge through the filling hole, and the charging device is adapted to encapsulate the blocking block into the filling hole; in each blast hole, the petal-shaped closure plate one-to-one corresponds to the explosive charge, the petal-shaped closure plate stops the inner wall of the blast hole through at least two petal pieces, and the cracks between the petal pieces of the petal-shaped closure plate are adapted to transmit blasting energy.

[0017] As an improvement of the above technical solution, each blast hole is divided into an upper section and a lower section, the bottom of the hole is located in the upper section, the upper section is adapted to arrange one or more spherical explosive charges, and the lower section is adapted to arrange columnar explosive charges.

[0018] As an improvement of the above technical solution, a guide hole row is arranged between two adjacent blast hole rows, and the blast hole row and its adjacent guide hole row are arranged in a staggered manner. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0019] The specific embodiments of the present application are further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

[0020] Figure 1 Fig. 1 is a top view of a stope after the excavation of a rock drilling roadway according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0021] Figure 2 Fig. 2 is a top view of a stope after the drilling of part of the blast holes according to an embodiment of the present application; Figure 1

[0022] Fig. 3 is a top view of a stope after the drilling of part of the blast holes according to an embodiment of the present application; Figure 3 Figure 2 Fig. 4 is an enlarged view of a part of a stope according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0023] Figure 4 Figure 2 Fig. 5 is a side view of a stope according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0024] Figure 5 Fig. 6 is a cross-sectional view of a draw slot area of a stope according to an embodiment of the present application; Figure 2

[0025] Fig. 7 is a schematic view of the spacing between two adjacent blast holes according to an embodiment of the present application; Figure 6

[0026] Fig. 8 is a schematic view of the charging of a blast hole according to an embodiment of the present application. Figure 7 The accompanying drawings are only one specific embodiment of the present application, and the shape and structure of the specific embodiment should not limit the expansion of other embodiments.

[0027] Blast hole 100, explosive package 200, petal-shaped closure plate 300, petal piece 310.

[0028] DETAILED DESCRIPTION The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be described clearly and completely below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative labor fall within the scope of protection of the present application.

[0029] With reference to , the present application provides a new safe and efficient draw slot method for medium-length holes, comprising:

[0030] Figures 1 to 5 Step a, using a small roadway rock drilling machine, excavate a small cross-section rock drilling roadway from the stope haulage roadway and / or the air return roadway, anchor net support closely behind the excavation face, until the stope haulage roadway and the air return roadway are connected, i.e., the blast area is connected, and the roof and the side wall of the connected area are not supported in any way, and the structure of the mine rock is analyzed during construction;

[0031] Step b, after the small cross-section rock drilling roadway is excavated, the small cross-section rock drilling roadway is connected to the stope haulage roadway and the air return roadway, and the small cross-section rock drilling roadway is used as a temporary roadway for the next step of the method; ​​

[0032] According to geological data, and statistical analysis of the rock structure in the process of the construction of the rock drilling roadway, the rock drilling roadway has a broken zone, a structure development area and other roof structure unstable areas, and the roof structure unstable areas of the rock drilling roadway are classified into the draw slot area of the stope;

[0033] Step b, the stope to be broken area is divided into one or more blasting draw slot areas along the axial direction of the rock drilling roadway (the axial direction of the stope);

[0034] Step c, the two ends of the blasting draw slot area are reference points, and a plurality of inclined upper blast holes 100 are drilled at each reference point, the plurality of blast hole rows drilled at the two reference points are distributed along the axial direction of the blasting draw slot area, and the distribution form of the plurality of blast hole rows drilled at the two reference points presents a plurality of nested right-angled chevrons, and the blast holes 100 of each blast hole row are distributed in a fan shape, and the fan shape diverges upward;

[0035] Step d, for the plurality of blast hole rows, the rock drilling roadway is used as a free surface and a compensation space, the delay initiation time of the cartridge 200 is inversely related to the distance from the free surface of the rock drilling roadway, and after the initiation of the roof area of the rock drilling roadway is completed, the two sides of the blasting draw slot area are initiated again, so as to provide more free surfaces for the two sides of the blasting draw slot area.

[0036] The height of the rock drilling roadway is less than the height of the to-be-blasted caving, that is, a medium-length hole draw slot; when the rock drilling roadway is excavated, a small cross section is presented.

[0037] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present application include: only excavating a small cross section of the rock drilling roadway, greatly reducing the amount of mining and preparation engineering, reducing mechanical noise and mechanical exhaust gas, reducing the number of operating personnel, being safe and reliable, and rapidly and efficiently completing mining by medium-length hole caving; the stope is blasted by area, the arrangement of the blast hole rows of each area presents a plurality of spaced nested right-angled chevrons, the caving effect is improved, and the blasting crushing and dilution are reduced; all the blast holes 100 are longitudinally and horizontally ordered, which facilitates ore boundary rupture and facilitates the removal of stone inclusions.

[0038] In some embodiments of the present application, for the recovery of the ore body on the side of the blasting draw slot area, the blast hole 100 is controlled by a "YT-28 drill".

[0039] In the present application, each blast hole 100 is an upward blast hole 100, the cartridge 200 and the stemming have a certain self-weight, and the uncoupling interval filling of the upward blast hole 100 becomes an industry problem, in some embodiments of the present application, each blast hole 100 is fully coupled with a continuous charge, and a detonating cord is laid along the full hole depth, that is, the blast hole 100 is only filled with the cartridge 200, and the peripheral wall of the cartridge 200 is directly attached to the inner wall of the blast hole 100, thereby reducing the filling difficulty of the blast hole 100.

[0040] Reference Figure 6In some embodiments of the present application, each blast hole 100 is spaced and uncoupled, the bottom of each blast hole 100 is filled with stemming, the ore body boundary is effectively controlled, the charge 200 of adjacent blast holes 100 is distributed in staggered manner, the ore block caving is ensured, and the overall use of the charge 200 is reduced, and the loss of ore crushing and dilution is reduced.

[0041] Referring to Figure 7 To solve the industry problem of upward intermittent uncoupled charging of holes, the charging device is adapted to push the charge 200 into the blast hole 100 through the petal-shaped closure plate 300, the blast hole 100 is an inclined hole, the central piece of the petal-shaped closure plate 300 is actually in an inclined state, at least one petal piece 310 of the petal-shaped closure plate 300 is provided with a filling hole, the charging device fills the stemming into the upper end and the peripheral side of the charge 200 through the filling hole, and the charging device is adapted to encapsulate the blocking block to the filling hole; in each blast hole 100, the charge 200 is supported one by one through the petal-shaped closure plate 300, the petal-shaped closure plate 300 stops the inner wall of the blast hole 100 through at least two petal pieces 310 thereof, the petal pieces 310 of the petal-shaped closure plate 300 play a ratchet effect, so that the petal-shaped closure plate 300 and the charge 200 are difficult to fall back, and the cracks between the petal pieces 310 of the petal-shaped closure plate 300 are adapted to transmit blasting energy.

[0042] Referring to Figure 6 In some embodiments of the present application, each blast hole 100 is divided into an upper section and a lower section, the bottom of the hole is located in the upper section, the upper section is adapted to arrange one or more spherical charges 200, and the lower section is adapted to arrange columnar charges 200. In the present application, each blast hole 100 is an inclined hole, and the charge 200 at the bottom of each blast hole 100 plays a large upward blasting effect, so that the draw zone is fully caved.

[0043] In some embodiments of the present application, a guide hole row is arranged between two adjacent blast hole rows, the blast hole row and the adjacent guide hole row are staggered, the blasting caving is ensured, and the blasting crushing and dilution rate is reduced. For the guide hole, it can be understood that when the blasting energy is transmitted to the guide hole, the stone blocks around the guide hole are easy to split, the blasting caving is ensured, and the crushing is reduced.

[0044] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present application and not to limit them, and any modification or equivalent replacement within the spirit and scope of the present application should be covered within the scope of the technical solutions of the present application.

Claims

1. A novel, safe, and efficient method for grooving medium-deep holes, characterized in that, include: Step a: Excavate the rock drilling roadway from the mining area transport roadway and / or return air roadway, with the anchor mesh support closely following the excavation face, until the mining area transport roadway and return air roadway are connected. The roof and sidewalls of the connected area are not supported, and the rock structure is statistically analyzed during construction. Step b: Divide the area to be broken in the mining area into one or more blasting slotting zones along the axial direction of the rock drilling tunnel; Step c: The two ends of the blasting groove area are reference points. Multiple rows of inclined blast holes (100) are drilled at each reference point. The multiple rows of blast holes drilled at the two reference points are distributed at intervals along the axial direction of the blasting groove area. The distribution pattern of the multiple rows of blast holes drilled at the two reference points is a multiple stacked upright figure-eight shape. The blast holes (100) of each row of blast holes are distributed in a fan shape, which radiates upward. Step d: For the multiple blast hole rows, the rock drilling tunnel is used as the free surface and compensation space. The delayed detonation time of the explosive charge (200) is inversely related to its distance from the free surface of the rock drilling tunnel. After the top plate area of ​​the rock drilling tunnel is detonated, the two sides of the blasting groove area are detonated to provide more free surfaces for the two sides of the blasting groove area.

2. The novel safe and efficient grooving method for medium-deep holes according to claim 1, characterized in that, For the mining of the side ore body in the blasting trench area, the blast holes (100) are controlled by the "YT-28 drilling rig".

3. The novel safe and efficient grooving method for medium-deep holes according to claim 1, characterized in that, Each of the aforementioned boreholes (100) is a continuous coupled charge with the entire borehole depth, and a detonating cord is laid throughout the entire borehole depth.

4. The novel safe and efficient grooving method for medium-deep holes according to claim 1, characterized in that, Each of the aforementioned boreholes (100) is a non-coupled charge, and the bottom of each borehole (100) is filled with gunning mud. The charge packs (200) of adjacent boreholes (100) are staggered.

5. The novel safe and efficient grooving method for medium-deep holes according to claim 4, characterized in that, The charging device is adapted to push the explosive charge (200) into the borehole (100) through the petal-shaped sealing plate (300). The petal-shaped sealing plate (300) has a filling hole on at least one petal (310) on its upper side. The charging device fills the upper end and periphery of the explosive charge (200) with drilling mud through the filling hole. The charging device is adapted to seal the sealing block into the filling hole. In each of the boreholes (100), the explosive charge (200) is supported by the petal-shaped sealing plate (300) in a one-to-one correspondence. The petal-shaped sealing plate (300) stops the inner wall of the borehole (100) through at least two of its petal (310). The cracks between the petal (310) of the petal-shaped sealing plate (300) are suitable for the transmission of blasting energy.

6. The novel safe and efficient grooving method for medium-deep holes according to claim 5, characterized in that, Each of the aforementioned boreholes (100) is divided into an upper section and a lower section. The bottom of the borehole is located in the upper section. The upper section is suitable for arranging one or more spherical explosive charges (200), and the lower section is suitable for arranging columnar explosive charges (200).

7. The novel safe and efficient grooving method for medium-deep holes according to claim 5, characterized in that, A guide hole row is set between two adjacent rows of boreholes, and the borehole rows and their adjacent guide hole rows are staggered in their arrangement.

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