Device and method for detecting the radioactivity concentration of tritium in air

Abstract

The application relates to the technical field of radiation environment monitoring, and discloses a device and a method for detecting the radioactivity concentration of tritium in air. The device comprises a sampling unit, a first waste liquid unit, an ion exchange unit, a detection unit, a scintillation liquid unit, a second waste liquid unit and a cleaning unit. The rear end of the sampling unit is connected with the front end of the ion exchange unit and the first waste liquid unit through a first three-way valve. The rear end of the ion exchange unit is connected with the front end of the detection unit and the first waste liquid unit through a second three-way valve. The front end of the detection unit is further connected with the scintillation liquid unit through a first electromagnetic valve and connected with the cleaning unit through a third electromagnetic valve. The rear end of the detection unit is connected with the second waste liquid unit through a second electromagnetic valve. The device provided by the application realizes full-automatic collection, processing and measurement of the monitoring of tritium in air. No one is needed to operate in the monitoring process, possible interference caused by manual operation is avoided, and the professional hazards of workers caused by high radiation operation in the field are avoided.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of radiation environment monitoring, in particular to a device and method for detecting the radioactivity concentration of tritium in air. BACKGROUND

[0002] A large amount of tritium is generated during the operation of nuclear facilities such as reactors, and part of the tritium is discharged into the atmosphere through the ventilation system, resulting in an increase in the radioactivity concentration of tritium in the surrounding environment. In special situations such as nuclear accident emergency handling, it is more likely to cause a substantial increase in the radioactivity concentration of tritium in the air in the local area. Workers and the public may ingest tritium through various channels, which may cause a certain degree of internal exposure. Therefore, great attention should be paid to the monitoring of tritium in the air.

[0003] Tritium in the environment is usually distributed in the atmosphere in the form of combined water. Currently, for the monitoring of tritium in the air, sampling is generally first performed in the field, and the sample is collected and handed over to the laboratory for processing, and then measured in a low-background liquid scintillation counter. However, the existing monitoring method not only increases the risk of sample breakage or cross-contamination during transportation and processing, but also cannot achieve continuous sampling and measurement.

[0004] Therefore, it is urgent to propose a monitoring device and method for tritium in the air which can automatically and continuously operate. SUMMARY

[0005] To solve the above problems, the present application provides a device and method for detecting the radioactivity concentration of tritium in air, which can improve the monitoring efficiency and accuracy while saving labor costs.

[0006] The present application adopts the following technical solutions:

[0007] The present application provides a device for detecting the radioactivity concentration of tritium in air, which comprises a sampling unit, a first waste liquid unit, an ion exchange unit, a detection unit, a scintillation liquid unit, a second waste liquid unit and a cleaning unit.

[0008] The rear end of the sampling unit is connected to the front end of the ion exchange unit and the first waste liquid unit through a first three-way valve, the rear end of the ion exchange unit is connected to the front end of the detection unit and the first waste liquid unit through a second three-way valve, the front end of the detection unit is further connected to the scintillation liquid unit through a first electromagnetic valve and to the cleaning unit through a third electromagnetic valve, and the rear end of the detection unit is connected to the second waste liquid unit through a second electromagnetic valve.

[0009] The sampling unit is used to collect air tritiated water vapor as condensed water within a preset sampling time after determining the preset sampling time, and to determine the average temperature and average humidity of the preset sampling time, and to determine the water vapor content in the air of the preset sampling time according to the average temperature and average humidity of the preset sampling time.

[0010] The sampling unit is further configured to determine whether the first mass of the condensed water exceeds a first preset value.

[0011] The first waste liquid unit is configured to be in communication with the sampling unit when the first mass of the condensed water exceeds the first preset value, and to be disconnected from the sampling unit after collecting the excess condensed water to make the first mass of the condensed water be the first preset value.

[0012] The ion exchange unit is configured to be in communication with the sampling unit when the first mass of the condensed water does not exceed the first preset value, and to be disconnected from the sampling unit after removing cations and anions in the condensed water to obtain the sample liquid.

[0013] The ion exchange unit is further configured to determine whether the electrical conductivity of the sample liquid exceeds a second preset value.

[0014] The first waste liquid unit is further configured to be in communication with the ion exchange unit when the electrical conductivity of the sample liquid exceeds the second preset value, and to be disconnected from the ion exchange unit after collecting the sample liquid.

[0015] The detection unit is configured to be in communication with the ion exchange unit when the electrical conductivity of the sample liquid does not exceed the second preset value, and to be disconnected from the ion exchange unit after collecting a first amount of the sample liquid.

[0016] The first waste liquid unit is further configured to be in communication with the ion exchange unit after the detection unit collects the first amount of the sample liquid, and to be disconnected from the ion exchange unit after collecting the remaining sample liquid.

[0017] The detection unit is configured to be in communication with the scintillation liquid unit after collecting the first amount of the sample liquid, and to be disconnected from the scintillation liquid unit after collecting a second amount of the scintillation liquid.

[0018] The detection unit is further configured to mix the sample liquid and the scintillation liquid to obtain a detection liquid, to detect a detection efficiency and a count rate of the detection liquid, and to determine a radioactivity activity concentration of tritium in the air according to a water vapor content in the air, the first amount, the detection efficiency, and the count rate of the detection liquid in a preset sampling time length.

[0019] The second waste liquid unit is configured to be in communication with the detection unit after the detection, and to be disconnected from the detection unit after collecting the detection liquid that has been detected.

[0020] The cleaning unit is configured to be in communication with the detection unit after the second waste liquid unit collects the detection liquid that has been detected, to make a cleaning agent flow into the detection unit to clean the detection unit, and to be disconnected from the detection unit.

[0021] The second waste liquid unit is further configured to be in communication with the detection unit after the cleaning, and to be disconnected from the detection unit after collecting the cleaning agent.

[0022] Optionally, the sampling unit comprises: an air filter, a dehumidifier, a weighing cup, a first balance, an intermediate bottle, a first metering pump, a sample storage bottle and a second balance;

[0023] The air filter is arranged at the front end of the dehumidifier and is used for removing pollutants in air;

[0024] The dehumidifier is used for collecting the air from which the pollutants are removed at a preset power for a preset sampling period after a plurality of preset sampling periods included in a preset sampling duration, to obtain condensed water; the dehumidifier comprises: a water tank, a thermometer and a hygrometer, the water tank is used for storing the condensed water, the thermometer is used for determining an average temperature of the preset sampling period, and the hygrometer is used for determining an average humidity of the preset sampling period;

[0025] The front end of the weighing cup is connected with the rear end of the dehumidifier through a fourth electromagnetic valve; the first balance is arranged below the weighing cup; the weighing cup is used for being connected with the dehumidifier for a communication duration after each preset sampling period to collect the condensed water, and being disconnected from the dehumidifier outside each communication duration; the first balance is used for weighing a second mass of the condensed water in the weighing cup after each communication duration; if the second mass is greater than a third preset value, the preset power of the dehumidifier is reduced; if the second mass is less than the third preset value, the preset power of the dehumidifier is increased;

[0026] The front end of the intermediate bottle is connected with the rear end of the weighing cup through a fifth electromagnetic valve; the intermediate bottle is used for being connected with the weighing cup to collect the condensed water in the weighing cup after the first balance weighs the second mass of the condensed water in the weighing cup after each communication duration;

[0027] The front end of the sample storage bottle is connected with the rear end of the intermediate bottle through the first metering pump and a sixth electromagnetic valve in sequence; the sample storage bottle is connected with the front end of the ion exchange unit and the first waste liquid unit through a first three-way valve respectively; the second balance is arranged below the sample storage bottle; the sample storage bottle is used for being connected with the intermediate bottle after the condensed water in the preset sampling duration flows into the intermediate bottle, and being disconnected from the intermediate bottle after the condensed water is collected through the first metering pump; the second balance is used for weighing a first mass of the condensed water in the sample storage bottle to determine whether the first mass exceeds a first preset value.

[0028] Optionally, the ion exchange unit comprises: a vacuum pump, a negative pressure tank, an exchange column, a collection cup, a third balance and an electric conductivity sensor;

[0029] The vacuum pump is connected with the negative pressure tank; the vacuum pump is used for keeping the negative pressure tank in a negative pressure state after being started;

[0030] The front end of the exchange column is connected with the rear end of the sampling unit through the first three-way valve, and the rear end of the exchange column is deep into the collection cup in the negative pressure box; the exchange column is used for communicating with the sampling unit when the first mass of the condensed water does not exceed the first preset value, so that the condensed water flows in and the cations and anions in the condensed water are removed to obtain the sample liquid, and the sample liquid flows out to the collection cup;

[0031] The rear end of the collection cup is connected with the front end of the detection unit and the first waste liquid unit through the second three-way valve respectively; the third scale is arranged below the collection cup; the collection cup is used for collecting the sample liquid; and the third scale is used for continuously weighing the third mass of the sample liquid in the collection cup during the process that the sample liquid flows into the collection cup;

[0032] The conductivity sensor is deep into the collection cup; and the conductivity sensor is used for measuring the conductivity of the sample liquid when the third mass exceeds the fourth preset value, and judging whether the conductivity of the sample liquid exceeds the second preset value.

[0033] Optionally, the detection unit comprises a second metering pump, a sample bottle with a driving magnet, a magnetic stirring heater and a liquid scintillation measuring instrument; and the scintillation liquid unit comprises a third metering pump, a scintillation liquid storage barrel and a fourth scale.

[0034] The front end of the sample bottle is connected with the rear end of the ion exchange unit through the second metering pump and the second three-way valve in sequence; the magnetic stirring heater is arranged below the sample bottle; the sample bottle and the magnetic stirring heater are arranged in the liquid scintillation measuring instrument; the front end of the sample bottle is also connected with the scintillation liquid storage barrel through the first electromagnetic valve and the third metering pump in sequence; and the fourth scale is arranged below the scintillation liquid storage barrel.

[0035] The sample bottle is used for communicating with the ion exchange unit when the conductivity of the sample liquid does not exceed the second preset value, and the communication with the ion exchange unit is disconnected after the first amount of sample liquid is collected through the second metering pump;

[0036] The first waste liquid unit is also used for communicating with the ion exchange unit after the first amount of sample liquid is collected in the sample bottle, and the communication with the ion exchange unit is disconnected after the remaining sample liquid is collected;

[0037] The sample bottle is also used for communicating with the scintillation liquid storage barrel after the first amount of sample liquid is collected, and the communication with the scintillation liquid storage barrel is disconnected after the second amount of scintillation liquid is collected through the third metering pump;

[0038] The magnetic stirring heater is used for driving the driving magnet to heat and mix the sample liquid and the scintillation liquid into the detection liquid for a preset time;

[0039] The liquid scintillation measuring instrument is used for measuring the detection efficiency and the count rate of the detection liquid after the detection liquid is left to stand and dark treated;

[0040] The fourth balance is used for weighing a fourth mass of the scintillation solution storage barrel, and a first warning is sent when the fourth mass is lower than a fifth preset value.

[0041] Optionally, the first waste liquid unit comprises a first waste liquid barrel and a fifth balance.

[0042] The first waste liquid barrel is connected with the sampling unit through a first three-way valve and connected with the ion exchange unit through a second three-way valve, and the fifth balance is arranged below the first waste liquid barrel.

[0043] The first waste liquid barrel is used for collecting condensed water or sample liquid.

[0044] The fifth balance is used for weighing a fifth mass of the first waste liquid barrel, and a second warning is sent when the fifth mass exceeds a sixth preset value.

[0045] Optionally, the second waste liquid unit comprises a second waste liquid barrel and a sixth balance.

[0046] The second waste liquid barrel is connected with the detection unit through a second electromagnetic valve, and the sixth balance is arranged below the second waste liquid barrel.

[0047] The second waste liquid barrel is used for collecting detection liquid, sample liquid or cleaning agent.

[0048] The sixth balance is used for weighing a sixth mass of the second waste liquid barrel, and a third warning is sent when the sixth mass exceeds a seventh preset value.

[0049] Optionally, the cleaning unit comprises a fourth metering pump, a cleaning agent storage barrel and a seventh balance.

[0050] The cleaning agent storage barrel is connected with the detection unit through the fourth metering pump and a third electromagnetic valve in sequence, and the seventh balance is arranged below the cleaning agent storage barrel.

[0051] The cleaning agent storage barrel is used for being communicated with the detection unit after the detection liquid that has passed detection flows into the second waste liquid unit, and being disconnected from the detection unit after the cleaning agent is provided to the detection unit by the fourth metering pump.

[0052] The seventh balance is used for weighing a seventh mass of the cleaning agent storage barrel, and a fourth warning is sent when the seventh mass is lower than an eighth preset value.

[0053] Optionally, the detection unit is further used for being communicated with the ion exchange unit when the conductivity of the sample liquid does not exceed the second preset value, and being disconnected from the ion exchange unit after the elution volume of the sample liquid is collected.

[0054] The second waste liquid unit is further used for being communicated with the detection unit after the elution volume of the sample liquid is collected by the detection unit, and being disconnected from the detection unit after the elution volume of the sample liquid is collected.

[0055] Optionally, the third balance is further configured to weigh an eighth mass of the sample liquid in the collection cup when the conductivity of the sample liquid does not exceed the second preset value, and determine whether the eighth mass exceeds a ninth preset value;

[0056] The first waste liquid unit is further configured to communicate with the ion exchange unit when the eighth mass exceeds the ninth preset value, and disconnect the communication with the ion exchange unit after the excess sample liquid is collected to make the eighth mass not exceed the ninth preset value;

[0057] The detection unit is further configured to communicate with the ion exchange unit when the eighth mass does not exceed the ninth preset value, and disconnect the communication with the ion exchange unit after the first amount of sample liquid is collected.

[0058] Another aspect of the present application provides a method for detecting the radioactivity concentration of tritium in air, which comprises:

[0059] determining a preset sampling duration, collecting air tritiated water vapor as condensed water by using a sampling unit within the preset sampling duration, and determining the average temperature and the average humidity of the preset sampling duration;

[0060] The water vapor content ρ in air in the preset sampling duration is:

[0061] ρ = R(T) × RH;

[0062] wherein the unit of ρ is g / m 3 , T represents the average temperature of the preset sampling duration, RH represents the average humidity of the preset sampling duration, and r(T) represents the saturated mass of water vapor in air corresponding to the average temperature T of the preset sampling duration, and the unit of R(T) is g / m 3 .

[0063] determining whether the first mass of the condensed water exceeds a first preset value;

[0064] If the first mass of the condensed water exceeds the first preset value, the sampling unit is connected to the first waste liquid unit, and the excess condensed water is collected by using the first waste liquid unit to make the first mass of the condensed water be the first preset value, and then the connection between the sampling unit and the first waste liquid unit is disconnected;

[0065] If the first mass of the condensed water does not exceed the first preset value, the sampling unit is connected to the ion exchange unit, and the cations and anions in the condensed water are removed by using the ion exchange unit to obtain a sample liquid, and then the connection between the sampling unit and the ion exchange unit is disconnected;

[0066] determining whether the conductivity of the sample liquid exceeds a second preset value;

[0067] If the conductivity of the sample liquid exceeds the second preset value, the ion exchange unit is communicated with the first waste liquid unit, and after the sample liquid is collected by the first waste liquid unit, the ion exchange unit and the waste liquid collection unit are disconnected;

[0068] If the conductivity of the sample liquid does not exceed the second preset value, the ion exchange unit is communicated with the detection unit, and after the first quantitative sample liquid is collected by the detection unit, the ion exchange unit and the detection unit are disconnected;

[0069] After the first quantitative sample liquid is collected by the detection unit, the ion exchange unit is communicated with the first waste liquid unit, and after the remaining sample liquid is collected by the first waste liquid unit, the ion exchange unit and the first waste liquid unit are disconnected;

[0070] After the first quantitative sample liquid is collected, the detection unit is communicated with the scintillation liquid unit, and after the second quantitative scintillation liquid is collected by the detection unit, the detection unit and the scintillation liquid unit are disconnected;

[0071] The sample liquid and the scintillation liquid are mixed into a detection liquid by the detection unit, and the detection efficiency and the count rate of the detection liquid are detected;

[0072] The radioactivity concentration A of tritium in the air is:

[0073]

[0074] Wherein, the unit of A is Bq / m 3 , n1 represents the count rate of the detection liquid, and the unit of n1 is min -1 , n0 represents the background count rate of the liquid scintillation counter of the detection unit, and the unit of n0 is min -1 , n0 is determined by the liquid scintillation counter debugging, e represents the detection efficiency, and m represents the first quantitative value, and the unit of m is g.

[0075] After detection, the detection unit is communicated with the second waste liquid unit, and after the detection liquid subjected to detection is collected by the second waste liquid unit, the detection unit and the second waste liquid unit are disconnected;

[0076] After the detection liquid subjected to detection is collected by the second waste liquid unit, the detection unit is communicated with the cleaning unit, and after the cleaning agent flows into the detection unit to clean the detection unit, the detection unit and the cleaning unit are disconnected;

[0077] After cleaning, the second waste liquid unit is communicated with the detection unit, and after the cleaning agent is collected by the second waste liquid unit, the second waste liquid unit and the detection unit are disconnected.

[0078] The above technical solutions adopted by the present application can achieve the following beneficial effects:

[0079] The device and method of the present application realize full-automatic collection, processing and measurement of the monitoring of tritium in air. Automatic collection of condensed water, automatic measurement and judgment of the conductivity of sample liquid, automatic feeding and mixing of sample liquid and scintillation liquid, automatic liquid scintillation measurement of detection liquid, and automatic cleaning of the detection unit are realized. During the monitoring process, no one is needed to operate, which avoids possible interference caused by manual operation and makes the measurement result more accurate. The risk of sample breakage or cross contamination during transportation and processing is avoided, and the labor cost is greatly saved, and the occupational hazards of workers caused by high radiation operation in the field are avoided. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0080] The drawings described herein are used to provide further understanding of the present application, form a part of the present application, the illustrative embodiments of the present application and the description thereof are used to explain the present application, and do not constitute improper limitation on the present application. In the drawings:

[0081] Figure 1 A connection relationship schematic diagram of a device for detecting the radioactivity concentration of tritium in air according to an embodiment of the present application is shown.

[0082] Figure 2 A structure schematic diagram of a device for detecting the radioactivity concentration of tritium in air according to an embodiment of the present application is shown.

[0083] In the drawings: 1, a sampling unit, 2, a first waste liquid unit, 3, an ion exchange unit, 4, a detection unit, 5, a scintillation liquid unit, 6, a second waste liquid unit, 7, a cleaning unit, 8, a first three-way valve, 9, a second three-way valve, 10, a first electromagnetic valve, 11, a second electromagnetic valve, 12, a third electromagnetic valve, 101, an air filter, 102, a dehumidifier, 103, a weighing cup, 104, a first balance, 105, an intermediate bottle, 106, a first metering pump, 107, a sample storage bottle, 108, a second balance, 109, a fourth electromagnetic valve, 110, a fifth electromagnetic valve, 111, a sixth electromagnetic valve, 1021, a water tank, 1022, a thermometer, 1023, a hygrometer, 201, a first waste liquid barrel, 202, a fifth balance, 301, a vacuum pump, 302, a negative pressure tank, 303, an exchange column, 304, a collection cup, 305, a third balance, 306, a conductivity sensor, 401, a second metering pump, 402, a sample bottle, 403, a magnetic stirring heater, 404, a liquid scintillation measurement instrument, 405, a driving magnet, 501, a third metering pump, 502, a scintillation liquid storage barrel, 503, a fourth balance, 601, a second waste liquid barrel, 602, a sixth balance, 701, a fourth metering pump, 702, a cleaning agent storage barrel, 703, a seventh balance. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0084] In order to make the purposes, technical solutions and advantages of the present application clearer, the technical solutions of the present application will be described below in connection with the embodiments of the present application and the corresponding drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some of the embodiments of the present application, but not all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative work fall within the scope of protection of the present application.

[0085] The technical solutions provided by the embodiments of the present application will be described in detail below in connection with the drawings.

[0086] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the connection relationship of the device for detecting the radioactivity concentration of tritium in air according to an embodiment of the present application is shown. Referring to Figure 1 The device for detecting the radioactivity concentration of tritium in air according to the embodiment includes a sampling unit (1), a first waste liquid unit (2), an ion exchange unit (3), a detection unit (4), a scintillation liquid unit (5), a second waste liquid unit (6) and a cleaning unit (7).

[0087] The rear end of the sampling unit (1) is connected to the front end of the ion exchange unit (3) and the first waste liquid unit (2) through a first three-way valve (8), the rear end of the ion exchange unit (3) is connected to the front end of the detection unit (4) and the first waste liquid unit (2) through a second three-way valve (9), the front end of the detection unit (4) is further connected to the scintillation liquid unit (5) through a first electromagnetic valve (10) and connected to the cleaning unit (7) through a third electromagnetic valve (12), and the rear end of the detection unit (4) is connected to the second waste liquid unit (6) through a second electromagnetic valve (11).

[0088] In the embodiment, the connection between the units is achieved through pipelines. The valves between the units are in a closed state when the device is not working.

[0089] Here, the "front end" is used to represent the feeding end of the unit, and the "rear end" is used to represent the outflow end of the unit. For example: the front end of the sampling unit (1) is used to represent the feeding end of the incoming air, and the rear end of the sampling unit (1) is used to represent the outflow end of the condensed water; the front end of the ion exchange unit (3) is used to represent the feeding end of the condensed water, and the rear end of the ion exchange unit (3) is used to represent the outflow end of the sample liquid; the front end of the detection unit (4) is used to represent the feeding end of the sample liquid, the feeding end of the scintillation liquid and the feeding end of the cleaning agent, and the rear end of the detection unit (4) is used to represent the outflow end of the sample liquid, the detection liquid or the cleaning agent.

[0090] The first waste liquid unit (2) and the second waste liquid unit (6) are only involved in inflow, and the scintillation liquid unit (5) and the cleaning unit (7) are only involved in outflow, so they are not limited by "front end" and "rear end".

[0091] The sampling unit (1) is configured to collect air tritiated water vapor as condensed water in a preset sampling duration and determine an average temperature and an average humidity in the preset sampling duration.

[0092] The preset sampling duration can be a preset sampling duration artificially set in advance. In the preset sampling duration, the sampling unit (1) continuously collects air tritiated water vapor as condensed water and determines an average temperature T and an average humidity RH in the preset sampling duration.

[0093] Therefore, by the sampling unit (1), the water vapor content ρ in the air in the preset sampling duration can be determined as:

[0094] ρ = R(T) × RH;

[0095] wherein the unit of ρ is g / m 3 , T represents the average temperature in the preset sampling duration, RH represents the average humidity in the preset sampling duration, and R(T) represents the saturated mass of water vapor in the air corresponding to the average temperature T in the preset sampling duration, and the unit of R(T) is g / m 3 .

[0096] Due to the processing capacity limitation of the ion exchange unit (3), the detection unit (4), and other units, it is necessary to prevent the condensed water collected by the sampling unit (1) from being excessive. Therefore, the sampling unit (1) is further configured to determine whether the first mass of the condensed water exceeds a first preset value.

[0097] The first preset value can be a value artificially set in advance according to the bearing capacity of each unit and the like.

[0098] If the first mass of the condensed water exceeds the first preset value, it indicates that the collected condensed water is excessive. At this time, the left side of the first three-way valve (8) is opened to make the first waste liquid unit (2) communicate with the sampling unit (1).

[0099] The first waste liquid unit (2) is configured to collect the excessive condensed water so that the first mass of the condensed water is the first preset value. After that, the left side of the first three-way valve (8) is closed to disconnect the communication between the first waste liquid unit (2) and the sampling unit (1).

[0100] If the first mass of the condensed water does not exceed the first preset value, it indicates that the collected condensed water is not excessive. At this time, the right side of the first three-way valve (8) is opened to make the ion exchange unit (3) communicate with the sampling unit (1).

[0101] The ion exchange unit (3) is configured to remove cations and anions in the condensed water to obtain a sample liquid. After that, the right side of the first three-way valve (8) is closed to disconnect the communication between the ion exchange unit (3) and the sampling unit (1).

[0102] In order to verify whether the ion exchange unit (3) meets the requirements for processing the condensed water, it is necessary to determine whether the conductivity of the sample liquid exceeds a second preset value.

[0103] The second preset value can be a value artificially set in advance according to the requirements of the detection accuracy for the sample liquid.

[0104] If the conductivity of the sample liquid exceeds the second preset value, it indicates that the ion exchange unit (3) does not meet the requirements for processing the condensed water, and the sample liquid cannot be used for subsequent detection. At this time, the left side of the second three-way valve (9) is opened to make the first waste liquid unit (2) communicate with the ion exchange unit (3).

[0105] The first waste liquid unit (2) is also used to collect the sample liquid that does not meet the requirements. After that, the left side of the second three-way valve (9) is closed to disconnect the communication between the first waste liquid unit (2) and the ion exchange unit (3).

[0106] If the conductivity of the sample liquid does not exceed the second preset value, it indicates that the ion exchange unit (3) meets the requirements for processing the condensed water, and the sample liquid can be used for subsequent detection. At this time, the right side of the second three-way valve (9) is opened to make the detection unit (4) communicate with the ion exchange unit (3).

[0107] The detection unit (4) is used to collect the first amount m of sample liquid. After that, the right side of the second three-way valve (9) is closed to disconnect the communication between the detection unit (4) and the ion exchange unit (3).

[0108] The first amount m can be a value artificially set in advance according to the detection capability of the detection unit (4).

[0109] After the first amount m of sample liquid flows into the detection unit (4), the remaining sample liquid in the ion exchange unit (3) is no longer needed. At this time, the left side of the second three-way valve (9) is opened to make the first waste liquid unit (2) communicate with the ion exchange unit (3).

[0110] The first waste liquid unit (2) is also used to collect the remaining sample liquid. After that, the left side of the second three-way valve (9) is closed to disconnect the communication between the first waste liquid unit (2) and the ion exchange unit (3).

[0111] During detection, in addition to the sample liquid, a scintillation liquid is also needed. Therefore, after the detection unit (4) collects the first amount m of sample liquid, the first electromagnetic valve (10) is opened to make the detection unit (4) communicate with the scintillation liquid unit (5).

[0112] The detection unit (4) is used to collect the second amount of scintillation liquid. After that, the first electromagnetic valve (10) is closed to disconnect the communication between the detection unit (4) and the scintillation liquid unit (5).

[0113] The second quantity can be a value artificially set in advance according to the first quantity m and the detection capability of the detection unit (4).

[0114] The detection unit (4) is also used to mix the sample liquid with the scintillation liquid to form a detection liquid, and detect the detection efficiency E and the count rate n1 of the detection liquid.

[0115] Then, the radioactivity concentration A of tritium in the air can be determined by the detection unit (4) as follows:

[0116]

[0117] wherein the unit of A is Bq / m 3 n1 represents the count rate of the detection liquid, and the unit of n1 is min -1 n0 represents the background count rate of the liquid scintillation counter, and the unit of n0 is min -1 n0 is determined by the liquid scintillation counter, e represents the detection efficiency, and m represents the first quantity, and the unit of m is g.

[0118] After the detection, the detection liquid after the detection needs to be discharged as waste liquid. Therefore, the second electromagnetic valve (11) is opened to make the second waste liquid unit (6) communicate with the detection unit (4).

[0119] The second waste liquid unit (6) is used to collect the detection liquid after the detection. Then, the second electromagnetic valve (11) is closed to make the second waste liquid unit (6) stop communicating with the detection unit (4).

[0120] After the above process is completed, in order to meet the requirement of continuous cycle detection of the device, the detection unit (4) needs to be automatically cleaned, and the cleaning process can be repeated for several times. Therefore, the third electromagnetic valve (12) is opened to make the cleaning unit (7) communicate with the detection unit (4).

[0121] The cleaning unit (7) is used to make the cleaning agent flow into the detection unit (4) to clean the detection unit (4). Then, the third electromagnetic valve (12) is closed to make the cleaning unit (7) stop communicating with the detection unit (4).

[0122] The cleaning agent after the cleaning still needs to be discharged. Therefore, the second electromagnetic valve (11) is opened to make the second waste liquid unit (6) communicate with the detection unit (4).

[0123] The second waste liquid unit (6) is also used to collect the cleaning agent. Then, the second electromagnetic valve (11) is closed to make the second waste liquid unit (6) stop communicating with the detection unit (4).

[0124] Figure 2 The structure schematic diagram of the device for detecting the radioactivity concentration of tritium in the air is shown in one embodiment of the present application. Referring to Figure 2The device is described in detail.

[0125] When monitoring the radioactivity concentration of air tritium in a sampling point for a preset sampling duration, in order to meet the requirements of sampling representation and calculating the average temperature and humidity, the preset sampling duration can be divided into multiple preset sampling periods.

[0126] The sampling unit (1) comprises an air filter (101), a dehumidifier (102), a weighing cup (103), a first balance (104), an intermediate bottle (105), a first metering pump (106), a sample storage bottle (107), and a second balance (108).

[0127] The air filter (101) is arranged at the front end of the dehumidifier (102); the front end of the weighing cup (103) is connected to the rear end of the dehumidifier (102) through a fourth electromagnetic valve (109); the first balance (104) is arranged below the weighing cup (103); the front end of the intermediate bottle (105) is connected to the rear end of the weighing cup (103) through a fifth electromagnetic valve (110); the front end of the sample storage bottle (107) is connected to the rear end of the intermediate bottle (105) through the first metering pump (106) and a sixth electromagnetic valve (111) in sequence, and the sample storage bottle (107) is connected to the front end of the ion exchange unit (3) and the first waste liquid unit (2) through a first three-way valve (8) respectively; the second balance (108) is arranged below the sample storage bottle (107).

[0128] The air filter (101) is used to remove pollutants in the air to avoid contaminating the condensed water.

[0129] The dehumidifier (102) comprises a water tank (1021), a thermometer (1022), and a hygrometer (1023). The dehumidifier (102) is used to collect the air after removing pollutants at a preset power for a preset sampling period to obtain condensed water. The water tank (1021) is used to store the condensed water, the thermometer (1022) is used to determine the average temperature of the preset sampling period, and the hygrometer (1023) is used to determine the average humidity of the preset sampling period.

[0130] The preset power can be a value artificially set in advance according to historical experience, etc.

[0131] When the dehumidifier (102) collects one preset sampling period, the fourth electromagnetic valve (109) is opened to communicate for a communication duration, so that the weighing cup (103) is in communication with the dehumidifier (102).

[0132] The weighing cup (103) is used to collect the condensed water of the one preset sampling period. After the communication duration reaches, the fourth electromagnetic valve (109) is closed to disconnect the communication between the weighing cup (103) and the dehumidifier (102). (At this time, the dehumidifier (102) can have already or is ready to start the next preset sampling period)

[0133] The first scale (104) is used to weigh the second mass of the condensed water of the one preset sampling period and determine whether the second mass is greater than a third preset value.

[0134] The third preset value can be a value artificially set in advance according to the carrying capacity of the weighing cup (103) and the like.

[0135] If the second mass is greater than the third preset value, it indicates that the dehumidifier (102) collects the condensed water too much and too fast, and the preset power of the dehumidifier (102) is reduced. If the second mass is less than the third preset value, it indicates that the dehumidifier (102) collects the condensed water too little and too slowly, and the preset power of the dehumidifier (102) is increased.

[0136] The second mass fed back by the first scale (104) adjusts the running power of the dehumidifier (102), so that the collection rate of the condensed water can be kept stable.

[0137] When the dehumidifier (102) collects the next preset sampling period, the fourth electromagnetic valve (109) is opened for a communication duration, so that the weighing cup (103) is in communication with the dehumidifier (102); the weighing cup (103) collects the condensed water of the next preset sampling period; after the communication duration reaches, the fourth electromagnetic valve (109) is closed to disconnect the communication between the weighing cup (103) and the dehumidifier (102); the first scale (104) weighs the second mass of the condensed water of the next preset sampling period and feeds back the second mass to adjust the running power of the dehumidifier (102). In this way, the process is repeated.

[0138] After the first scale (104) weighs the second mass of the condensed water of the preset sampling period each time, the fifth electromagnetic valve (110) is opened to make the weighing cup (103) in communication with the intermediate bottle (105).

[0139] The intermediate bottle (105) is used to collect the condensed water in the weighing cup (103).

[0140] That is, the weighing cup (103) only collects the condensed water of each preset sampling period, which flows into the intermediate bottle (105) after being weighed by the first scale (104). The intermediate bottle (105) continuously accumulates until the condensed water of the preset sampling duration is collected.

[0141] After the condensed water of the preset sampling duration flows into the intermediate bottle (105), the sixth electromagnetic valve (111) is opened to make the sample storage bottle (107) in communication with the intermediate bottle (105).

[0142] The sample storage bottle (107) is used to collect the condensed water by the first metering pump. Then, the sixth electromagnetic valve (111) is closed to disconnect the communication between the sample storage bottle (107) and the intermediate bottle (105).

[0143] A second balance (108) is used to measure the first mass of the condensed water in the sample storage bottle (107) and determine whether the first mass exceeds a first preset value.

[0144] If the first mass exceeds the first preset value, the left side of the first three-way valve (8) is opened to connect the first waste liquid unit (2) with the sample storage bottle (107).

[0145] The first waste liquid unit (2) is further used to collect the excess condensed water so that the first mass of the condensed water is the first preset value. Then, the left side of the first three-way valve (8) is closed to disconnect the first waste liquid unit (2) from the sample storage bottle (107). After that, the right side of the first three-way valve (8) is opened to connect the ion exchange unit (3) with the sample storage bottle (107).

[0146] If the first mass does not exceed the first preset value, the right side of the first three-way valve (8) is opened to connect the ion exchange unit (3) with the sample storage bottle (107).

[0147] When the left side of the first three-way valve (8) is opened to discharge the excess condensed water, the second balance (108) can be used to determine whether the first mass exceeds the first preset value in real time.

[0148] In addition, since the masses of the condensed water in the intermediate bottle (105) and the sample storage bottle (107) are equal, the second balance (108) can also be arranged below the intermediate bottle (105) to determine whether the first mass exceeds the first preset value by measuring the first mass of the condensed water in the intermediate bottle (105). In this case, when the first mass exceeds the first preset value, the first balance (105) calculates a first difference between the first preset value and the first mass. Then, the sixth electromagnetic valve (111) is opened to connect the sample storage bottle (107) with the intermediate bottle (105). The first metering pump (106) is used to flow the condensed water of the first difference into the sample storage bottle (107). Then, the sixth electromagnetic valve (111) is closed to disconnect the sample storage bottle (107) from the intermediate bottle (105). Then, the left side of the first three-way valve (8) is opened to connect the first waste liquid unit (2) with the sample storage bottle (107). The first waste liquid unit (2) is used to collect the condensed water of the first difference. Then, the left side of the first three-way valve (8) is closed to disconnect the first waste liquid unit (2) from the sample storage bottle (107). Then, the sixth electromagnetic valve (111) is opened to connect the sample storage bottle (107) with the intermediate bottle (105). The first metering pump (106) is used to flow the remaining condensed water into the sample storage bottle (107). Then, the sixth electromagnetic valve (111) is closed to disconnect the sample storage bottle (107) from the intermediate bottle (105). Then, the right side of the first three-way valve (8) is opened to connect the ion exchange unit (3) with the sample storage bottle (107).

[0149] When the preset sampling duration includes n preset sampling periods, the water vapor content ρ in the air during the preset sampling duration is:

[0150]

[0151] Among them, T i RH represents the average temperature of the i-th preset sampling period. i R(T) represents the average humidity during the i-th preset sampling period. i T represents the average temperature of the i-th preset sampling period. i The corresponding saturated mass of water vapor in the air.

[0152] The ion exchange unit (3) includes: a vacuum pump (301), a negative pressure box (302), an exchange column (303), a collection cup (304), a third balance (305), and a conductivity sensor (306).

[0153] A vacuum pump (301) is connected to a negative pressure box (302); the front end of the exchange column (303) is connected to the rear end of the sampling unit (1) through a first three-way valve (8), and the rear end of the exchange column (303) extends into the collection cup (304) inside the negative pressure box (302); the rear end of the collection cup (304) is connected to the front end of the detection unit (4) and the first waste liquid unit (2) through a second three-way valve (9); a third balance (305) is placed under the collection cup (304); and a conductivity sensor (306) extends into the collection cup (304).

[0154] A vacuum pump (301) is used to maintain a negative pressure state in the negative pressure tank (302) after it is turned on. The negative pressure state can increase the flow rate of condensate in the exchange column (303).

[0155] When the first mass does not exceed the first preset value, the right side of the first three-way valve (8) opens to connect the sample bottle (107) with the exchange column (303).

[0156] The exchange column (303) is used to allow condensate to flow in and remove cations and anions from the condensate to obtain a sample solution, which then flows out into a collection cup (304).

[0157] The main body of the exchange column (303) is a chromatography column, inside which a sintered glass plate, resin, and end plugs are placed sequentially from bottom to top. A ceramic microporous sintered glass plate is placed at the bottom of the column; the fine pores inside the sintered glass plate ensure that the resin does not escape with the condensate. The column is filled with resin, which is used to remove impurities from the condensate. An end plug is placed at the top of the column for easy connection to a sample vial (107) via tubing.

[0158] Collection cup (304) is used to collect sample solution.

[0159] A third balance (305) is used to continuously weigh the third mass of the sample liquid in the collection cup (304) during the process of the sample liquid flowing into the collection cup (304).

[0160] Since the conductivity measurement needs to make the third mass of the sample liquid reach a fourth preset value. Therefore, when the third balance (305) weighs the third mass exceeding the fourth preset value, the conductivity sensor (306) is used to measure the conductivity of the sample liquid.

[0161] If the conductivity of the sample liquid exceeds the second preset value, it indicates that the processing effect of the exchange column (303) does not meet the requirements. At this time, the left side of the second three-way valve (9) is opened to make the collection cup (304) communicate with the first waste liquid unit (6).

[0162] The first waste liquid unit (6) is used to collect the sample liquid that does not meet the requirements. After that, the left side of the second three-way valve (9) is closed to make the collection cup (304) disconnected from the first waste liquid unit (6).

[0163] If the conductivity of the sample liquid does not exceed the second preset value, it indicates that the processing effect of the exchange column (303) meets the requirements. At this time, the right side of the second three-way valve (9) is opened to make the collection cup (304) communicate with the detection unit (4).

[0164] The detection unit (4) includes a second metering pump (401), a sample bottle (402) with a driven magnet, a magnetic stirring heater (403), and a liquid scintillation counter (404). The scintillation liquid unit (5) includes a third metering pump (501), a scintillation liquid storage barrel (502), and a fourth balance (503).

[0165] The front end of the sample bottle (402) is connected with the rear end of the ion exchange unit (3) through the second metering pump (401) and the second three-way valve (9) in sequence; the magnetic stirring heater (403) is arranged below the sample bottle (402); the sample bottle (402) and the magnetic stirring heater (403) are arranged in the liquid scintillation counter (404); the front end of the sample bottle (402) is also connected with the scintillation liquid storage barrel (502) through the first electromagnetic valve (10) and the third metering pump (501) in sequence; and the fourth balance (503) is arranged below the scintillation liquid storage barrel (502).

[0166] When the conductivity of the sample liquid does not exceed the second preset value, the right side of the second three-way valve (9) is opened to make the collection cup (304) communicate with the sample bottle (402).

[0167] The sample bottle (402) is used to collect the first metered sample liquid through the second metering pump (401). After that, the right side of the second three-way valve (9) is closed to make the collection cup (304) disconnected from the sample bottle (402).

[0168] After the first amount of sample liquid is collected in the sample bottle (402), the left side of the second three-way valve (9) is opened to make the collection cup (304) communicate with the first waste liquid unit (6).

[0169] The first waste liquid unit (6) is used to collect the remaining sample liquid. After that, the left side of the second three-way valve (9) is closed to make the collection cup (304) stop communicating with the first waste liquid unit (6).

[0170] After the first amount of sample liquid is collected in the sample bottle (402), the first electromagnetic valve (10) is opened to make the scintillation liquid storage barrel (502) communicate with the sample bottle (402).

[0171] The sample bottle (402) is also used to collect the second amount of scintillation liquid by the third metering pump (501). After that, the first electromagnetic valve (10) is closed to make the scintillation liquid storage barrel (502) stop communicating with the sample bottle (402).

[0172] After the above steps are completed, the magnetic stirring heater (403) is turned on for a preset time, and the driving magnet (405) is driven to heat and mix the sample liquid and the scintillation liquid into the detection liquid.

[0173] The liquid scintillation counter (404) is used to measure the detection efficiency and the count rate of the detection liquid after the detection liquid is allowed to stand and dark treated.

[0174] The fourth scale (503) is used to weigh the fourth mass of the scintillation liquid storage barrel (502). If the fourth mass is lower than the fifth preset value, it indicates that the scintillation liquid is insufficient. At this time, the fourth scale (503) can issue a first warning.

[0175] The fifth preset value can be a value artificially set in advance according to the amount of scintillation liquid required. The first warning can be a liquid shortage warning.

[0176] In addition, the first waste liquid unit (2) comprises a first waste liquid barrel (201) and a fifth scale (202).

[0177] The first waste liquid barrel (201) is connected with the sampling unit (1) through the first three-way valve (8) and connected with the ion exchange unit (3) through the second three-way valve (9); and the fifth scale (202) is arranged below the first waste liquid barrel (201).

[0178] The first waste liquid barrel (201) is used to collect the condensed water or the sample liquid.

[0179] The fifth scale (202) is used to weigh the fifth weight of the first waste liquid barrel (201) and issue a first warning when the fifth weight exceeds a sixth preset value.

[0180] The sixth preset value can be a value artificially set in advance according to the carrying capacity of the first waste liquid barrel (201) and the like. The second alarm can be an overflow alarm.

[0181] In addition, the second waste liquid unit (6) comprises a second waste liquid barrel (601) and a sixth scale (602).

[0182] The second waste liquid barrel (601) is connected with the detection unit (4) through a second electromagnetic valve (11); and the sixth scale (602) is arranged below the second waste liquid barrel (601).

[0183] The second waste liquid barrel (202) is used for collecting the detection liquid, the sample liquid or the cleaning agent.

[0184] The sixth scale (602) is used for weighing a sixth weight of the second waste liquid barrel (601) and issuing a third alarm when the sixth weight exceeds a seventh preset value.

[0185] The seventh preset value can be a value artificially set in advance according to the carrying capacity of the second waste liquid barrel (601) and the like. The third alarm can be an overflow alarm.

[0186] In addition, the cleaning unit (7) comprises a fourth metering pump (701), a cleaning agent reserve barrel (702) and a seventh scale (703).

[0187] The cleaning agent reserve barrel (702) is connected with the detection unit (4) through the fourth metering pump (701) and a third electromagnetic valve (12) in sequence; and the seventh scale (703) is arranged below the cleaning agent reserve barrel (702).

[0188] After the detection liquid that has been detected flows into the second waste liquid unit (6), the third electromagnetic valve (12) is opened to make the cleaning agent reserve barrel (702) communicate with the sample bottle (402);

[0189] The cleaning agent reserve barrel (702) is used for providing the cleaning agent to the sample bottle (402) through the fourth metering pump (701). Then, the third electromagnetic valve (12) is closed to make the cleaning agent reserve barrel (702) and the sample bottle (402) disconnected.

[0190] The seventh scale (703) is used for weighing a seventh mass of the cleaning agent reserve barrel (702) and issuing a fourth alarm when the seventh mass is lower than an eighth preset value.

[0191] The eighth preset value can be a value artificially set in advance according to the required amount of the cleaning agent and the like. The fourth alarm can be a liquid shortage alarm.

[0192] To improve the accuracy of the detection, the sample bottle (402) can be rinsed before the conductivity of the sample liquid does not exceed the second preset value and the sample bottle (402) collects the first amount of sample liquid. The rinsing can be repeated several times.

[0193] That is, when the conductivity of the sample liquid does not exceed the second preset value, the right side of the second three-way valve (9) is opened to make the sample bottle (402) communicate with the collection cup (304).

[0194] The sample bottle (402) is used to collect the rinsing amount of sample liquid by the second metering pump (401). Then, the right side of the second three-way valve (9) is closed to make the sample bottle (402) and the collection cup (304) discontinuous communication.

[0195] After the sample bottle (402) collects the rinsing amount of sample liquid, the second electromagnetic valve (11) is opened to make the sample bottle (402) communicate with the second waste liquid unit (6).

[0196] The second waste liquid unit (6) is also used to collect the rinsing amount of sample liquid. Then, the second electromagnetic valve (11) is closed to make the sample bottle (402) and the second waste liquid unit (6) discontinuous communication.

[0197] To ensure that the sample liquid in the collection cup (304) does not exceed the amount, the eighth mass of the sample liquid can be determined before the conductivity of the sample liquid does not exceed the second preset value, the sample bottle (402) collects the first amount of sample liquid, or the sample bottle (402) is rinsed.

[0198] The third balance (305) is also used to weigh the eighth mass of the sample liquid in the collection cup (304) when the conductivity of the sample liquid does not exceed the second preset value, and determine whether the eighth mass exceeds the ninth preset value.

[0199] If the eighth mass exceeds the ninth preset value, the left side of the second three-way valve (9) is opened to make the ion exchange unit (3) communicate with the first waste liquid unit (2).

[0200] The first waste liquid unit (2) is also used to collect excess sample liquid to make the eighth mass not exceed the ninth preset value. Then, the left side of the second three-way valve (9) is closed to make the ion exchange unit (3) and the first waste liquid unit (2) discontinuous communication. Then, the right side of the second three-way valve (9) is opened to make the ion exchange unit (3) and the detection unit (4) communicate.

[0201] If the eighth mass does not exceed the ninth preset value, the right side of the second three-way valve (9) is opened to make the ion exchange unit (3) and the detection unit (4) communicate.

[0202] The detection unit (4) is also used to collect the first amount of sample liquid. Then, the right side of the second three-way valve (9) is closed to make the ion exchange unit (3) and the detection unit (4) discontinuous communication.

[0203] The device provided by the present application realizes detection of the radioactivity concentration of tritium in the air in one round.

[0204] In some cases, the preset sampling duration can be 24 hours. In 24 hours, the preset sampling period can be 30 minutes, and the communication duration can be 1 minute. That is, the average temperature and the average humidity are recorded once every 30 minutes, 1 minute of condensed water is collected by the weighing cup (103) every 30 minutes, and the second mass is weighed by the first balance. The second preset value can be 20g, and if the second mass exceeds 20g, the preset power of the dehumidifier (102) is lowered, and if the second mass does not exceed 20g, the preset power of the dehumidifier (102) is increased. After the first balance is weighed, the fifth electromagnetic valve (110) can be opened for 30 seconds to allow the condensed water to flow into the intermediate bottle (105). After the preset sampling duration of 24 hours ends, the sixth electromagnetic valve (111) can be opened for 10 minutes to allow the condensed water to flow into the sample storage bottle (107). During the above process, the dehumidifier (102) continuously samples.

[0205] The fourth preset value can be 20g, and if the third mass exceeds 20g, the conductivity sensor (306) measures the conductivity of the sample liquid. The second preset value can be 5μS / cm, and if the conductivity of the sample liquid exceeds 5μS / cm, the first waste liquid unit (2) and the ion exchange unit (3) are connected, and if the conductivity of the sample liquid does not exceed 5μS / cm, the detection unit (4) and the ion exchange unit (3) are connected.

[0206] The first quantity can be 8g, the second quantity can be 12ml, and the mixing duration of the sample liquid and the scintillation liquid can be 1 minute. The duration of the detection liquid standing and dark treatment can be 5 hours, and the measurement time of the liquid scintillation counter can be 12 hours.

[0207] When cleaning the detection unit, 20ml of cleaning agent can be injected each time by the fourth metering pump (701), and the magnetic stirring heater (402) is started at 60℃ for 30s for cleaning.

[0208] The ninth preset value can be 200g, and when the eighth mass exceeds 200g, the excess sample liquid needs to be discharged to the first waste liquid unit (2).

[0209] ​​​​​​​​​​​​​In addition, the preset sampling duration can be longer than the total duration of the ion exchange unit, the first waste liquid unit, the cleaning unit, the scintillation liquid unit, the detection unit and the second waste liquid unit working together. That is, taking the right opening time point of the first three-way valve (8) as a boundary, the total duration from when the condensed water starts to enter the ion exchange unit (3) through the second three-way valve (8) to when all the liquid enters the first waste liquid unit or the second waste liquid unit and the cleaning of the detection unit ends is shorter than the preset sampling duration. In this way, it can be ensured that the device can automatically and continuously detect the radioactivity concentration of tritium in the air.

[0210] The device provided by the application can realize full-automatic sampling, processing and measurement functions of monitoring tritium in the air, including full-automatic condensed water collection and collection speed control, automatic processing of sample liquid, automatic measurement and determination of conductivity, automatic feeding and mixing of sample liquid and scintillation liquid, automatic liquid scintillation measurement and automatic cleaning of the detection unit, and finally realizes continuous automatic monitoring of tritium in the air. The device provided by the application can realize accurate measurement and recording of condensed water collection time, temperature and humidity during the collection process, condensed water quality, conductivity of sample liquid, liquid scintillation measurement results and alarm information, and realizes remote monitoring and operation through a network, avoiding possible interference and errors caused by manual measurement. During the whole monitoring process, no one can operate in close proximity, avoiding the occupational hazards of high radiation operations on workers.

[0211] Correspondingly, the application also provides a method for detecting the radioactivity concentration of tritium in the air. The method comprises:

[0212] determining a preset sampling duration, collecting air tritiated water vapor as condensed water by using the sampling unit within the preset sampling duration, and determining the average temperature and the average humidity of the preset sampling duration;

[0213] The air water vapor content ρ of the preset sampling duration is:

[0214] ρ=R(T)×RH;

[0215] wherein the unit of ρ is g / m 3 , T represents the average temperature of the preset sampling duration, RH represents the average humidity of the preset sampling duration, and R(T) represents the saturated mass of air water vapor corresponding to the average temperature T of the preset sampling duration. The unit of R(T) is g / m 3 .

[0216] determining whether the first quality of the condensed water exceeds a first preset value;

[0217] If the first quality of the condensed water exceeds the first preset value, the sampling unit is communicated with the first waste liquid unit, and the first quality of the condensed water is controlled to be the first preset value by using the first waste liquid unit to collect the excess condensed water, and then the communication between the sampling unit and the first waste liquid unit is disconnected.

[0218] If the first mass of the condensed water does not exceed the first preset value, the sampling unit is communicated with the ion exchange unit; after the sample liquid is obtained by removing cations and anions in the condensed water by using the ion exchange unit, the communication between the sampling unit and the ion exchange unit is disconnected;

[0219] It is judged whether the conductivity of the sample liquid exceeds the second preset value;

[0220] If the conductivity of the sample liquid exceeds the second preset value, the ion exchange unit is communicated with the first waste liquid unit, and after the sample liquid is collected by using the first waste liquid unit, the communication between the ion exchange unit and the waste liquid collection unit is disconnected;

[0221] If the conductivity of the sample liquid does not exceed the second preset value, the ion exchange unit is communicated with the detection unit, and after a first amount of the sample liquid is collected by using the detection unit, the communication between the ion exchange unit and the detection unit is disconnected;

[0222] After the first amount of the sample liquid is collected by using the detection unit, the ion exchange unit is communicated with the first waste liquid unit, and after the remaining sample liquid is collected by using the first waste liquid unit, the communication between the ion exchange unit and the first waste liquid unit is disconnected;

[0223] After the first amount of the sample liquid is collected, the detection unit is communicated with the scintillation liquid unit, and after a second amount of the scintillation liquid is collected by using the detection unit, the communication between the detection unit and the scintillation liquid unit is disconnected;

[0224] The sample liquid and the scintillation liquid are mixed into a detection liquid by using the detection unit, and the detection efficiency and the count rate of the detection liquid are detected;

[0225] The radioactivity concentration A of tritium in the air is:

[0226]

[0227] Wherein, the unit of A is Bq / m 3 , n1 represents the count rate of the detection liquid, and the unit of n1 is min -1 , n0 represents the background count rate of the liquid scintillation counter of the detection unit, and the unit of n0 is min -1 , n0 is determined by the liquid scintillation counter debugging, E represents the detection efficiency, and m represents the first amount, and the unit of m is f.

[0228] After the detection, the detection unit is communicated with the second waste liquid unit, and after the detection liquid after the detection is collected by using the second waste liquid unit, the communication between the detection unit and the second waste liquid unit is disconnected;

[0229] After the second waste liquid unit collects the detection liquid that has been detected, the detection unit is communicated with the cleaning unit, the cleaning agent is made to flow into the detection unit by the cleaning unit to clean the detection unit, and then the communication between the detection unit and the cleaning unit is disconnected;

[0230] After cleaning, the second waste liquid unit is communicated with the detection unit, and the cleaning agent is collected by the second waste liquid unit, and then the communication between the second waste liquid unit and the detection unit is disconnected.

[0231] The embodiment of the application also provides a method for detecting the radioactivity concentration of tritium in air. The method comprises the following steps:

[0232] Sampling:

[0233] A plurality of preset sampling periods included in a preset sampling duration are determined; pollutants in air are removed by using an air filter, and air from which the pollutants are removed is collected in a preset sampling period at a preset power by using a dehumidifier to obtain condensed water; wherein the condensed water is stored by using a water tank, the average temperature of the preset sampling period is determined by using a thermometer, and the average humidity of the preset sampling period is determined by using a hygrometer.

[0234] The fourth electromagnetic valve is opened for a communication duration after each preset sampling period, the condensed water flows into the weighing cup, and then the fourth electromagnetic valve is closed, and the second mass of the condensed water is weighed by using the first scale; if the second mass is greater than a third preset value, the preset power of the dehumidifier is reduced; if the second mass is less than the third preset value, the preset power of the dehumidifier is increased.

[0235] After the first scale weighs, the fifth electromagnetic valve is opened to make the condensed water flow into the intermediate bottle, and then the fifth electromagnetic valve is closed; the cycle is repeated until the condensed water of the preset sampling duration flows into the intermediate bottle.

[0236] When the preset sampling duration includes n preset sampling periods, the water vapor content ρ in the air of the preset sampling duration is:

[0237]

[0238] Wherein, T i represents the average temperature of the i th preset sampling period, RH i represents the average humidity of the i th preset sampling period, R(T i ) represents the saturated mass of water vapor in the air corresponding to the average temperature T i of the i th preset sampling period.

[0239] The sixth electromagnetic valve is opened, the condensed water in the intermediate bottle is flowed into the sample storage bottle through the first metering pump, and the first mass of the condensed water in the sample storage bottle is weighed by the second balance; if the first mass exceeds the first preset value, the left side of the first three-way valve is opened, the excess condensed water is flowed into the first waste liquid tank, and then the left side of the first three-way valve is closed; if the first mass does not exceed the first preset value, the right side of the first three-way valve is opened, and the condensed water is flowed into the exchange column.

[0240] Processing:

[0241] Under the condition that the vacuum pump is opened to keep the negative pressure state of the negative pressure tank, the sample liquid obtained by removing cations and anions in the condensed water by the exchange column is flowed into the collection cup; the third mass of the sample liquid is weighed by the third balance.

[0242] If the third mass exceeds the fourth preset value, the conductivity of the sample liquid is measured by the conductivity sensor; if the conductivity of the sample liquid exceeds the second preset value, the left side of the second three-way valve is opened, the sample liquid is flowed into the first waste liquid tank, and then the left side of the second three-way valve is closed.

[0243] If the conductivity of the sample liquid does not exceed the second preset value, the eighth mass of the sample liquid is weighed by the third balance.

[0244] If the eighth mass exceeds the ninth preset value, the left side of the second three-way valve is opened, the excess sample liquid is flowed into the first waste liquid tank, and then the left side of the second three-way valve is closed.

[0245] If the eighth mass does not exceed the ninth preset value, the right side of the second three-way valve is opened, the sample liquid of the elution amount is flowed into the sample bottle through the second metering pump, and then the right side of the second three-way valve is closed. After the sample bottle is eluted by starting the magnetic stirring heater, the second electromagnetic valve is opened to make the sample liquid of the elution amount flowed into the second waste liquid tank, and then the second electromagnetic valve is closed. The step is repeated for several times.

[0246] Measurement:

[0247] The right side of the second three-way valve is opened, the first amount of sample liquid is flowed into the sample bottle through the second metering pump, and then the right side of the second three-way valve is closed; the first electromagnetic valve is opened, the second amount of scintillation liquid is flowed into the sample bottle through the third metering pump, and then the first electromagnetic valve is closed.

[0248] The magnetic stirring heater is started to mix the sample liquid and the scintillation liquid uniformly, and after standing and dark processing, the detection efficiency and the count rate of the detection liquid are measured by the liquid scintillation measuring instrument.

[0249] Then, through the detection unit (4), the radioactivity concentration A of tritium in the air can be determined as:

[0250]

[0251] Wherein, the unit of A is Bq / m 3n1 represents the count rate of the detection liquid, and the unit of n1 is min -1 n0 represents the background count rate of the liquid scintillation counter, and the unit of n0 is min -1 n0 is determined by the liquid scintillation counter debugging, E represents the detection efficiency, and m represents the first quantity, and the unit of m is g.

[0252] The second electromagnetic valve is opened to make the detected detection liquid flow into the second waste liquid tank, and then the second electromagnetic valve is closed.

[0253] Cleaning:

[0254] The third electromagnetic valve is opened to make the cleaning agent flow into the sample bottle through the fourth metering pump, and then the third electromagnetic valve is closed, and the magnetic stirring heater is started to clean the sample bottle. After cleaning, the second electromagnetic valve is opened to make the cleaning agent flow into the second waste liquid tank, and then the second electromagnetic valve is closed. Repeat this step several times.

[0255] The above-mentioned method for detecting the radioactivity concentration of tritium in air corresponds to the above-mentioned device for detecting the radioactivity concentration of tritium in air.

[0256] The above only describes the embodiments of the present application and is not used to limit the present application. The present application can have various changes and variations for those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. within the spirit and principle of the present application shall be included in the scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A device for detecting the radioactivity concentration of tritium in air, characterized in that, The device comprises a sampling unit, a first waste liquid unit, an ion exchange unit, a detection unit, a scintillation liquid unit, a second waste liquid unit and a cleaning unit; The rear end of the sampling unit is connected with the front end of the ion exchange unit and the first waste liquid unit through a first three-way valve, the rear end of the ion exchange unit is connected with the front end of the detection unit and the first waste liquid unit through a second three-way valve, the front end of the detection unit is further connected with the scintillation liquid unit through a first electromagnetic valve and connected with the cleaning unit through a third electromagnetic valve, and the rear end of the detection unit is connected with the second waste liquid unit through a second electromagnetic valve; The sampling unit is configured to collect air tritiated water vapor as condensed water within a preset sampling time period after the preset sampling time period is determined, determine an average temperature and an average humidity in the preset sampling time period, and determine the water vapor content in the air in the preset sampling time period according to the average temperature and the average humidity in the preset sampling time period. The sampling unit is further configured to determine whether the first quality of the condensed water exceeds a first preset value. The first waste liquid unit is configured to be in communication with the sampling unit when the first quality of the condensed water exceeds the first preset value, collect the excess condensed water so that the first quality of the condensed water is the first preset value, and then be disconnected from the sampling unit. The ion exchange unit is configured to be in communication with the sampling unit when the first quality of the condensed water does not exceed the first preset value, remove cations and anions in the condensed water to obtain a sample liquid, and then be disconnected from the sampling unit. The ion exchange unit is further configured to determine whether the electrical conductivity of the sample liquid exceeds a second preset value. The first waste liquid unit is further configured to be in communication with the ion exchange unit when the electrical conductivity of the sample liquid exceeds the second preset value, collect the sample liquid, and then be disconnected from the ion exchange unit. The detection unit is configured to be in communication with the ion exchange unit when the electrical conductivity of the sample liquid does not exceed the second preset value, collect a first amount of the sample liquid, and then be disconnected from the ion exchange unit. The first waste liquid unit is further configured to be in communication with the ion exchange unit after the detection unit collects the first amount of the sample liquid, collect the remaining sample liquid, and then be disconnected from the ion exchange unit. The detection unit is configured to be in communication with the scintillation liquid unit after collecting the first amount of the sample liquid, collect a second amount of the scintillation liquid, and then be disconnected from the scintillation liquid unit. The detection unit is further configured to mix the sample liquid and the scintillation liquid to obtain a detection liquid, detect a detection efficiency and a count rate of the detection liquid, and determine the radioactivity concentration of tritium in the air according to the water vapor content in the air in the preset sampling time period, the first amount, the detection efficiency and the count rate of the detection liquid. The second waste liquid unit is configured to be in communication with the detection unit after detection, collect the detection liquid after detection, and then be disconnected from the detection unit. The cleaning unit is configured to be in communication with the detection unit after the second waste liquid unit collects the detection liquid after detection, make a cleaning agent flow into the detection unit to clean the detection unit, and then be disconnected from the detection unit. The second waste liquid unit is further configured to, after the cleaning, communicate with the detection unit, collect the cleaning agent, and then disconnect the communication with the detection unit.

2. The apparatus for detecting the radioactivity concentration of tritium in air according to claim 1, characterized by, The sampling unit comprises an air filter, a dehumidifier, a weighing cup, a first balance, an intermediate bottle, a first metering pump, a sample storage bottle, and a second balance. The air filter is arranged at the front end of the dehumidifier and is configured to remove pollutants in air. The dehumidifier is configured to, after a plurality of preset sampling periods included in a preset sampling duration are determined, collect air from which the pollutants are removed at a preset power for a preset sampling period to obtain condensed water. The dehumidifier comprises a water tank, a thermometer, and a hygrometer. The water tank is configured to store the condensed water. The thermometer is configured to determine an average temperature of the preset sampling period. The hygrometer is configured to determine an average humidity of the preset sampling period. The front end of the weighing cup is connected to the rear end of the dehumidifier through a fourth electromagnetic valve. The first balance is arranged below the weighing cup. The weighing cup is configured to communicate with the dehumidifier for a communication duration after each preset sampling period to collect the condensed water and disconnect the communication with the dehumidifier outside the communication duration. The first balance is configured to weigh a second mass of the condensed water in the weighing cup after each communication duration. If the second mass is greater than a third preset value, the preset power of the dehumidifier is reduced. If the second mass is less than the third preset value, the preset power of the dehumidifier is increased. The front end of the intermediate bottle is connected to the rear end of the weighing cup through a fifth electromagnetic valve. The intermediate bottle is configured to communicate with the weighing cup after the first balance weighs the second mass of the condensed water in the weighing cup after each communication duration to collect the condensed water in the weighing cup. The front end of the sample storage bottle is connected to the rear end of the intermediate bottle through the first metering pump and a sixth electromagnetic valve in sequence. The sample storage bottle is connected to the front end of the ion exchange unit and the first waste liquid unit through the first three-way valve. The second balance is arranged below the sample storage bottle. The sample storage bottle is configured to communicate with the intermediate bottle after the condensed water in the preset sampling duration flows into the intermediate bottle, collect the condensed water through the first metering pump, and then disconnect the communication with the intermediate bottle. The second balance is configured to weigh a first mass of the condensed water in the sample storage bottle and determine whether the first mass exceeds a first preset value.

3. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein The ion exchange unit comprises a vacuum pump, a negative pressure tank, an exchange column, a collection cup, a third balance, and an electric conductivity sensor. The vacuum pump is connected to the negative pressure tank. The vacuum pump is configured to maintain a negative pressure state of the negative pressure tank after being turned on. The front end of the exchange column is connected to the rear end of the sampling unit through the first three-way valve. The rear end of the exchange column is arranged in the collection cup in the negative pressure tank. The exchange column is configured to, when the first mass of the condensed water does not exceed the first preset value, communicate with the sampling unit, make the condensed water flow in and remove cations and anions in the condensed water to obtain a sample liquid, and make the sample liquid flow out to the collection cup. The rear end of the collection cup is connected with the front end of the detection unit and the first waste liquid unit through the second three-way valve respectively; the third balance is arranged below the collection cup; the collection cup is used for collecting sample liquid; the third balance is used for continuously weighing the third mass of the sample liquid in the collection cup during the sample liquid flowing into the collection cup; The conductivity sensor is arranged in the collection cup; the conductivity sensor is used for measuring the conductivity of the sample liquid when the third mass exceeds the fourth preset value, and judging whether the conductivity of the sample liquid exceeds the second preset value.

4. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein The detection unit comprises a second metering pump, a sample bottle with a driving magnet, a magnetic stirring heater and a liquid scintillation measuring instrument; the scintillation liquid unit comprises a third metering pump, a scintillation liquid storage barrel and a fourth balance; The front end of the sample bottle is connected with the rear end of the ion exchange unit through the second metering pump and the second three-way valve in sequence; the magnetic stirring heater is arranged below the sample bottle; the sample bottle and the magnetic stirring heater are arranged in the liquid scintillation measuring instrument; the front end of the sample bottle is also connected with the scintillation liquid storage barrel through the first electromagnetic valve and the third metering pump in sequence; the fourth balance is arranged below the scintillation liquid storage barrel; The sample bottle is used for being in communication with the ion exchange unit when the conductivity of the sample liquid does not exceed the second preset value, and being disconnected with the ion exchange unit after collecting the first amount of sample liquid through the second metering pump; The first waste liquid unit is also used for being in communication with the ion exchange unit after the sample bottle collects the first amount of sample liquid, and being disconnected with the ion exchange unit after collecting the remaining sample liquid; The sample bottle is also used for being in communication with the scintillation liquid storage barrel after collecting the first amount of sample liquid, and being disconnected with the scintillation liquid storage barrel after collecting the second amount of scintillation liquid through the third metering pump; The magnetic stirring heater is used for starting for a preset time, driving the driving magnet to heat and mix the sample liquid and the scintillation liquid into detection liquid; The liquid scintillation measuring instrument is used for measuring the detection efficiency and the count rate of the detection liquid after the detection liquid is left to stand and dark treated; The fourth balance is used for weighing the fourth mass of the scintillation liquid storage barrel, and issuing a first alarm when the fourth mass is lower than a fifth preset value.

5. The apparatus for detecting the radioactivity concentration of tritium in air according to claim 1, characterized by, The first waste liquid unit comprises a first waste liquid barrel and a fifth balance; The first waste liquid barrel is connected with the sampling unit through the first three-way valve and connected with the ion exchange unit through the second three-way valve; the fifth balance is arranged below the first waste liquid barrel; The first waste liquid barrel is used for collecting condensed water or sample liquid; The fifth balance is used for weighing the fifth mass of the first waste liquid barrel, and issuing a second alarm when the fifth mass exceeds a sixth preset value.

6. The apparatus for detecting the radioactivity concentration of tritium in air according to claim 1, characterized by The second waste liquid unit comprises a second waste liquid barrel and a sixth balance; The second waste liquid barrel is connected with the detection unit through the second electromagnetic valve; the sixth balance is arranged below the second waste liquid barrel; The second waste liquid barrel is used for collecting detection liquid, sample liquid or cleaning agent; The sixth scale is used for weighing a sixth mass of the second waste liquid tank, and a third warning is sent when the sixth mass exceeds a seventh preset value.

7. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein The cleaning unit comprises a fourth metering pump, a cleaning agent storage tank and a seventh scale. The cleaning agent storage tank is connected with the detection unit in sequence through the fourth metering pump and the third electromagnetic valve, and the seventh scale is arranged below the cleaning agent storage tank. The cleaning agent storage tank is used for being communicated with the detection unit after the detected detection liquid flows into the second waste liquid unit, and the communication with the detection unit is disconnected after the fourth metering pump provides the cleaning agent to the detection unit. The seventh scale is used for weighing a seventh mass of the cleaning agent storage tank, and a fourth warning is sent when the seventh mass is less than an eighth preset value.

8. The apparatus for detecting the radioactivity concentration of tritium in air according to claim 1, characterized by, The detection unit is further used for being communicated with the ion exchange unit when the conductivity of the sample liquid does not exceed a second preset value, and the communication with the ion exchange unit is disconnected after the ion exchange unit collects the rinsing amount of sample liquid. The second waste liquid unit is further used for being communicated with the detection unit after the detection unit collects the rinsing amount of sample liquid, and the communication with the detection unit is disconnected after the second waste liquid unit collects the rinsing amount of sample liquid.

9. The apparatus according to claim 3, wherein The third scale is further used for weighing an eighth mass of the sample liquid in the collection cup when the conductivity of the sample liquid does not exceed the second preset value, and judging whether the eighth mass exceeds a ninth preset value. The first waste liquid unit is further used for being communicated with the ion exchange unit when the eighth mass exceeds the ninth preset value, and the communication with the ion exchange unit is disconnected after the ion exchange unit collects the excess sample liquid so that the eighth mass does not exceed the ninth preset value. The detection unit is further used for being communicated with the ion exchange unit when the eighth mass does not exceed the ninth preset value, and the communication with the ion exchange unit is disconnected after the ion exchange unit collects the first amount of sample liquid.

10. A method for detecting the radioactivity concentration of tritium in air, characterized by, The method comprises: determining a preset sampling duration, collecting air tritiated water vapor as condensed water by using a sampling unit in the preset sampling duration, and determining an average temperature and an average humidity in the preset sampling duration; The water vapor content in the air of the preset sampling duration is: ； wherein, in units of , denotes the average temperature of the preset sampling duration, denotes the average humidity of the preset sampling duration, denotes the average temperature of the preset sampling duration corresponding to the saturation mass of water vapor in the air, in units of ; judging whether a first mass of the condensed water exceeds a first preset value; if the first mass of the condensed water exceeds the first preset value, making the sampling unit communicated with a first waste liquid unit, and disconnecting the communication between the sampling unit and the first waste liquid unit after the first waste liquid unit collects the excess condensed water so that the first mass of the condensed water is the first preset value; if the first mass of the condensed water does not exceed the first preset value, making the sampling unit communicated with an ion exchange unit, and disconnecting the communication between the sampling unit and the ion exchange unit after the ion exchange unit removes cations and anions in the condensed water to obtain sample liquid; judging whether the conductivity of the sample liquid exceeds a second preset value; if the conductivity of the sample liquid exceeds the second preset value, making the ion exchange unit communicated with the first waste liquid unit, and disconnecting the communication between the ion exchange unit and the first waste liquid unit after the first waste liquid unit collects the sample liquid. If the conductivity of the sample liquid is not more than the second preset value, the ion exchange unit is communicated with the detection unit, and after the detection unit collects the first amount of sample liquid, the ion exchange unit is disconnected from the detection unit; After the detection unit collects the first amount of sample liquid, the ion exchange unit is communicated with the first waste liquid unit, and after the first waste liquid unit collects the remaining sample liquid, the ion exchange unit is disconnected from the first waste liquid unit; After the detection unit collects the first amount of sample liquid, the ion exchange unit is communicated with the first waste liquid unit, and after the first waste liquid unit collects the remaining sample liquid, the ion exchange unit is disconnected from the first waste liquid unit; The sample liquid is mixed with the scintillation liquid into detection liquid by the detection unit, and the detection efficiency and the count rate of the detection liquid are detected; The radioactivity concentration A of tritium in the air is: ； wherein the unit of , represents the count rate of the detection liquid, the unit of , represents the background count rate of the liquid scintillation counter of the detection unit, the unit of , is determined by the liquid scintillation counter calibration, represents the detection efficiency, represents the first quantification, the unit of ; After detection, the detection unit is communicated with the second waste liquid unit, and after the second waste liquid unit collects the detected detection liquid, the detection unit is disconnected from the second waste liquid unit; After the detection unit collects the first amount of sample liquid, the ion exchange unit is communicated with the first waste liquid unit, and after the first waste liquid unit collects the remaining sample liquid, the ion exchange unit is disconnected from the first waste liquid unit; After the detection unit collects the first amount of sample liquid, the ion exchange unit is communicated with the first waste liquid unit, and after the first waste liquid unit collects the remaining sample liquid, the ion exchange unit is disconnected from the first waste liquid unit; After cleaning, the second waste liquid unit is communicated with the detection unit, and after the second waste liquid unit collects the cleaning agent, the second waste liquid unit is disconnected from the detection unit.

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