Crank guide rod transmission pneumatic needle suction type small-particle-size bean sprout seed automatic sowing device

Abstract

The invention discloses a crank guide rod transmission pneumatic needle suction type small-particle-size bean sprout seed automatic sowing device which comprises a vacuum air chamber, a swing air cylinder, a seed conveying pipe, a guide rod, a fixing frame, a pneumatic vibration seed disc and a seedling disc. The device adapts to seeds of different sizes, thicknesses and shapes, and adsorption failure or seed damage is avoided; according to the shape characteristics of irregular leaf-shaped seeds, the specific suction needle caliber, hole shape and air flow distribution are designed, the adsorption efficiency is improved, and it is ensured that the seeds can be stably adsorbed; an airflow channel is optimally designed by virtue of airflow dynamics, so that uniform acting force on the leaf-shaped seeds in the adsorption process is ensured, falling or dislocation of the seeds caused by non-uniform adsorption positions is avoided, the seeding requirements of seeds of different types, sizes and shapes are met, and the universality and the service life of equipment are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of sprout seeding machines in agricultural machinery, and in particular relates to a crank guide rod driven pneumatic needle suction type automatic seeding device for sprout seeds with small particle size. Background Art

[0002] Pneumatic needle-suction seeding is a key link in greenhouse seedling cultivation. Among seeding machines based on different principles, pneumatic seeders use negative pressure to absorb and discharge seeds. They have the advantages of high seeding efficiency, adaptability to seeds of different shapes, and less damage to seeds. They are the main research direction of precision tray seeders. At present, the pneumatic seeders that have been developed can be divided into three types according to the structure of the end effector: needle-suction type, flat plate type, and drum type. The needle-suction seeder relies on a single or combined needle to absorb seeds, move to the sowing position for sowing, and is widely used in various types of precision tray seeders.

[0003] At present, the sowing of high-end sprout seeds is generally done by manual broadcasting, which has the following disadvantages: 1) High labor intensity. Manual broadcasting requires a lot of physical labor, especially for large planting areas, the labor intensity is greater, and it is easy to cause manual fatigue; 2) Low efficiency. The efficiency of manual broadcasting is slower than that of mechanical broadcasting. The larger the sowing area, the longer the time required, which affects production efficiency; 3) Poor uniformity. Manual broadcasting is difficult to ensure uniform distribution of seeds, and it is easy to have uneven seed density problems, resulting in uneven growth of sprouts in the later stage, affecting yield and quality; 4) High cost, requiring the employment of a large number of workers. 5) Manual sowing has high labor costs, especially in areas with labor shortages or high labor costs; 6) It is difficult to manage. It is difficult to manage and monitor after manual sowing, and more manpower is needed for maintenance and management, such as pest control and watering, which increases management costs and complexity; 7) The accuracy is low. It is difficult to achieve precise spacing control by manual sowing, which may affect the germination rate and growth effect of seeds; 8) The working environment is poor. In some environments with poor climatic conditions (such as high temperature, low temperature, high humidity, etc.), manual sowing will bring great inconvenience and discomfort to workers, affecting work efficiency and comfort. However, there is currently a lack of equipment for mechanized sowing of sprouts, which makes it difficult to improve the productivity of sprouts, reduce labor costs, and ensure that sowing meets the agronomic requirements of planting. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a crank guide rod driven pneumatic needle suction type automatic sowing device for small-size sprout seeds in view of the shortcomings in manual sowing of small-size sprout seeds and the lack of mechanized sowing equipment for sowing small-size sprout seeds. The device uses a true generator to convert the positive pressure of the air compressor into negative pressure, and the swing cylinder extends to drive the suction needle to move above the vibrating seed tray to adsorb the seeds. Then, the cylinder retracts to drive the suction needle to the top of the seed delivery tube, and the positive pressure of the air compressor is controlled by the solenoid valve to assist in blowing the seeds, and the seeds are discharged into the seed tray along the seed delivery tube.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the technical solution of the present invention includes the following contents:

[0006] A crank guide rod driven pneumatic needle suction type automatic sowing device for small-size sprout seeds, comprising a vacuum air chamber, a swing cylinder, a seed delivery tube, a guide rod, a fixed frame, a pneumatic vibration seed tray and a seedling tray, a row of suction needles are arranged on the lower surface of the front end of the vacuum air chamber, and the rear end is horizontally arranged on a rotating shaft, the vacuum air chamber is used to connect an external air compressor so that the suction needle outlet generates negative pressure for sucking seeds or generates positive pressure for blowing seeds, the two ends of the rotating shaft respectively pass through two mutually parallel fixed frames and are connected to one end of the guide rod, the other end of the guide rod is connected to the upper movable end of the swing cylinder, the lower end of the swing cylinder is installed on the mounting plate outside the fixed frame, and There is a clearance fit between the swing cylinder and the mounting plate, and a pneumatic vibrating seed tray is arranged between the two fixed frames and below the suction needle. The pneumatic vibrating seed tray is used to vibrate under the drive of the pneumatic vibrator, and a seed delivery tube is arranged at the front end of the pneumatic vibrating seed tray, and a seedling tray is arranged below the lower end outlet of the seed delivery tube. The swing cylinder is used to drive the upper movable end and one end of the guide rod to move up and down, thereby driving the rotating shaft at the other end of the guide rod to rotate, and then driving the suction needle to reciprocate between the pneumatic vibrating seed tray and the upper end inlet of the seed delivery tube, and the suction needle is used to place the seeds adsorbed on the pneumatic vibrating seed tray at the upper end inlet of the seed delivery tube and blow them into the seedling tray.

[0007] Furthermore, when the upper end of the swing cylinder is extended, it is used to drive the suction needle to move above the pneumatic vibration seed tray to adsorb the seeds. When the upper end is retracted, it is used to drive the suction needle to above the seed delivery tube. The positive pressure of the air compressor can be controlled by the solenoid valve to assist in seed blowing, and the seeds are discharged into the seedling tray along the seed delivery tube.

[0008] Furthermore, the upper opening of the pneumatic vibration seed tray is a rectangular structure, and the lower part is a seed tray wall curve designed based on the brachistodes principle. The pneumatic vibration seed tray adopts a pneumatic vibrator to achieve high-frequency vibration of the seed tray, which meets the requirements of orderly control of the sprout direction of the sprout seeds and improves the discreteness of the sprout seeds. The vibration frequency is adjusted in the range of 2690 to 37600 Hz, and the brachistodes curve equation of the seed tray wall curve is as follows:

[0009]

[0010] Furthermore, the internal chamber of the suction needle is a gradual structure including three diameters.

[0011] Furthermore, the suction needle comprises three columnar suction needle chambers, the diameters of the three suction needle chambers gradually decrease from top to bottom, and two adjacent suction needle chambers are connected by a conical transition, and the cylindrical radius r of the uppermost suction needle chamber is 1 2.5mm, length l 1 The radius of the suction needle chamber in the middle is 8mm. 1 1.5mm, length l 1 4mm; the radius of the bottom needle chamber cylinder r 1 0.4mm, length l 1 It is 6mm.

[0012] Furthermore, a sensor is provided on the suction needle, and the sensor is used to monitor in real time whether the suction needle successfully absorbs the seeds, specifically, by detecting the change of light intensity at the suction needle hole to determine whether the seeds are absorbed.

[0013] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0014] 1. The present invention uses an air compressor to provide negative pressure and positive pressure to the needle-suction sowing device to achieve adsorption and release of seeds. Since the air compressor outputs positive pressure, a vacuum generator is required to convert the positive pressure into negative pressure. The advantages of positive and negative air pressure sowing are that pneumatic seeding does not damage seeds, it has strong versatility, and is suitable for high-speed operations. The air compressor is combined with a pressure sensor and a solenoid valve to achieve precise control of air pressure, ensuring that the suction force of the needle on irregular leaf-shaped seeds is moderate, without causing seed damage or adsorption failure. For seeds of different shapes and weights, the air pressure and flow rate are adjusted to meet the adsorption requirements of various types of sprout seeds;

[0015] 2. The present invention uses a needle suction end effector to suck seeds, and innovatively adopts an adjustable needle suction adsorption strength system to adapt to seeds of different sizes, thicknesses and shapes, avoiding adsorption failure or seed damage; in view of the shape characteristics of irregular leaf-shaped seeds, by designing a specific suction needle caliber, hole shape and airflow distribution, the adsorption efficiency is improved to ensure that the seeds can be stably adsorbed; with the help of airflow dynamics, the airflow channel is optimized to ensure uniform force on the leaf-shaped seeds during the adsorption process, avoiding seeds from falling off or dislocating due to uneven adsorption positions; a vibration auxiliary function is added to the needle suction sowing equipment, and the contact angle between the seed and the suction needle is adjusted through weak vibration to improve the adsorption efficiency, especially for seeds with irregular shapes or difficult to stably adsorb; a flexible release device is designed, combined with the gradual weakening of the adsorption force and mechanical assistance, to gently release the seeds into the planting trough, avoiding seed damage or placement deviation due to mechanical impact or improper operation; the needle suction device is innovatively designed as a replaceable module to adapt to the sowing needs of seeds of different types, sizes and shapes, and improve the versatility and service life of the equipment.

[0016] 3. The present invention uses an air compressor to provide gas to the swing cylinder to activate the cylinder, thereby activating the end actuator to reach the seed suction and seed dropping positions. The swing cylinder control mechanical structure is simple, easy to install, fast in response, and easy to implement; it can accurately control and respond quickly; it is energy-saving and environmentally friendly; no additional lubricant is required, and it has the advantages of self-lubrication and no maintenance.

[0017] 4. Traditional static seed trays are prone to seed accumulation, overlapping or jamming, affecting the normal adsorption of the suction needle. Through the pneumatic vibration seed tray mechanism, the seeds can be kept evenly distributed under the dual effects of vibration force and airflow, thereby improving the efficiency of single seed separation and ensuring that the suction needle can accurately adsorb single seeds; the pneumatic vibration seed tray can adapt to seeds of different shapes, sizes and densities (such as round, flat, irregular shapes) by adjusting the vibration frequency, airflow speed and direction. Especially for lightweight or single-separated seeds (such as toon seeds), this mechanism can effectively avoid seed accumulation and adhesion; compared with mechanical stirring or forced separation, the pneumatic vibration seed tray mechanism minimizes seed damage through the flexible action of airflow and vibration force. This method has a better protective effect on the surface, structure and germination rate of seeds; through the action of vibration and airflow, the seeds can automatically adjust their posture and distribute in the suction needle area, effectively reducing the probability of repeated adsorption or leakage of the suction needle, and improving the sowing efficiency and accuracy; the combined action of vibration and airflow reduces the seed accumulation phenomenon when the seed tray is stationary, so that the suction needle can complete adsorption and release at a faster rhythm, which is suitable for the needs of high-speed sowing equipment, thereby significantly improving the working efficiency of the whole machine; the dynamic action of vibration and airflow can make the residual impurities, debris or unabsorbed seeds quickly move out of the seed tray, thereby reducing blockage and cleaning frequency, and improving the stability and continuous working ability of the equipment; the pneumatic vibration seed tray mechanism can be combined with sensors and control systems to realize intelligent adjustment of vibration frequency and airflow intensity, adapt to the characteristics of different seeds and sowing conditions, and further improve sowing accuracy and applicability.

[0018] The present invention is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of the pneumatic needle suction seeding device driven by a seed plate vibration crank guide rod of the present invention;

[0020] Figure 2 for Figure 1 Figure of the pin-suction seeding parts driven by the middle crank guide rod;

[0021] Figure 3 for Figure 1 Figure 1. Parts diagram of the middle swing cylinder;

[0022] Figure 4 for Figure 1 Diagram of the parts of a medium-force vibrator;

[0023] Figure 5 for Figure 1 Diagram of the components of the medium transmission;

[0024] Figure 6 for Figure 1 The installation diagram of the pneumatic needle suction seeding component driven by the middle crank guide rod;

[0025] Figure 7 for Figure 1 Structural parameter diagram of the middle suction needle.

[0026] The parts represented by the reference numerals in the figure are as follows:

[0027] 1. Vacuum component; 2. Swinging cylinder; 3. Pneumatic vibrator; 4. Seed delivery component; 5. Crank guide rod transmission pneumatic needle suction type seeding device fixing frame; 6. Pneumatic vibration seed tray; 7. Seedling tray; 8. Suction needle; 9. Seed delivery tube; 10. Vacuum air chamber; 11. Y-shaped adapter; 12. First connecting piece; 13. Second connecting piece; 14. Fixing frame; 15. Seed delivery component and needle suction type seeding device mounting frame; 16. Transparent hose; 17. Photoelectric sensor; 18. Air compressor; 101 , positioning thread; 102, connecting hole; 103, vacuum chamber mounting thread hole; 104, shaft connector; 201, L-shaped connector; 202, Y-type adapter; 203, third connector; 204, suction needle seeding device fixing frame; 205, shaft; 301, air inlet; 302, air outlet; 303, transparent air tube; 401, fourth connector; 404, upper seed delivery tube fixing frame; 403, lower seed delivery tube fixing frame; 402, middle seed delivery tube fixing frame; 501, hole DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] The principles and features of the present invention are described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. The examples given are only used to explain the present invention and are not used to limit the scope of the present invention.

[0029] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "upper", "lower", "vertical", "horizontal", "middle", etc. indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the purpose of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the present invention.

[0030] In the present invention, unless otherwise clearly defined and limited, the terms "connection", "fixation" and the like should be understood in a broad sense. For example, "fixation" can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, it can be the internal connection of two elements or the interaction relationship between two elements, unless otherwise clearly defined. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0031] In addition, unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used in the present invention have the same meaning as those commonly understood by those skilled in the art of the present invention. The terms used in the present invention in the specification of the present invention are only for the purpose of describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit the present invention. The term "and / or" used in the present invention includes any and all combinations of one or more related listed items.

[0032] In order to make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and easy to understand, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0033] Combination Figure 1 As shown, the crank guide rod driven pneumatic needle suction sowing device includes a vacuum component 1, a swing cylinder 2, a pneumatic vibrator 3, a seed transport component 4, a crank guide rod driven pneumatic needle suction sowing device fixing frame 5, a pneumatic vibration seed tray 6, a seedling tray 7, a suction needle 8, a seed transport tube 9, a vacuum air chamber 10, a Y-shaped adapter 11, a first connecting piece 12, a second connecting piece 13, a fixing frame 14, a seed transport component and a needle suction sowing device mounting frame 15, a transparent hose 16, a photoelectric sensor 17, and an air compressor 18.

[0034] Combination Figure 2 As shown, the suction needle sowing component 1 includes a positioning thread 101, a connecting hole 102 between the vacuum air chamber and the shaft connecting piece 104 and the shaft, a suction needle and a vacuum air chamber mounting threaded hole 103, a vacuum air chamber and a shaft connecting piece 104, and a vacuum air chamber and a transparent air tube connecting port 105; the suction negative pressure range suitable for toon, pepper, and alfalfa seeds is -1200 to -900Pa, and the positive pressure for sowing is 150 to 250Pa;

[0035] Combination Figure 3 As shown, the swing cylinder 2 includes an L-shaped connector 201 connecting the swing cylinder and the needle suction sowing device mounting frame, a Y-shaped adapter 202 between the swing cylinder 2 and the shaft connector 203, a third connector 203 connecting the swing cylinder and the shaft, a suction needle sowing device fixing frame 204, and a shaft 205; the air pressure of the swing cylinder is below 0.5Mpa, and the thrust is 30kg; the swing cylinder extends to drive the suction needle to move above the vibrating seed tray to absorb the seeds. Then, the cylinder retracts to drive the suction needle to the top of the seed delivery tube, and the positive pressure of the air compressor is controlled by the solenoid valve to assist in blowing the seeds, and the seeds are discharged into the seed tray along the seed delivery tube.

[0036] Combination Figure 4As shown, the pneumatic vibrator 3 includes an air inlet 301, an air outlet 302, and a transparent air tube 303; the temperature range of the pneumatic vibrator is -5 to 60°C, the model is GT series, the pressure range is 0.2 to 0.6Mpa, and the torque range is 130 to 11150N; the transparent air tube has an inner diameter of 8mm and an outer diameter of 10mm; the air inlet 301 is connected to a muffler; the air outlet 302 is connected to a transparent air tube 303; the transparent air tube has an inner diameter of 8mm and an outer diameter of 10mm;

[0037] Combination Figure 5 As shown, the seed delivery component 4 includes a seed delivery tube 9 and a fourth connecting member 401, an upper seed delivery tube fixing frame 404, a lower seed delivery tube fixing frame 403, and an intermediate seed delivery tube fixing frame 402; the seed delivery tube has an inner diameter of 10 mm, an outer diameter of 13 mm, and a length of 140 mm, and a semicircular notch with a radius of 7.5 mm is cut off at one end to prevent the suction needle from interfering with the seed delivery tube during movement;

[0038] Combination Figure 6 As shown, the crank guide rod driven pneumatic needle suction seeding device fixing frame 5 includes two rectangular plates of the same size, and a plurality of holes 501 of different sizes are opened on the plates for mounting the shaft, the seed delivery tube 4, the swing cylinder 2, and the vibrating seed plate 6;

[0039] The pneumatic vibration seed tray 6 includes a fifth connecting piece for connecting the pneumatic vibration seed tray and the pin-suction seeding device fixing frame, and sprout seeds; the pneumatic vibration seed tray designs the seed tray wall curve based on the principle of the fastest descent line, and adopts a pneumatic vibrator to realize high-frequency vibration of the seed tray, so as to meet the requirements of orderly control of the sprout direction of the sprout seeds and improve the discreteness of the sprout seeds. The vibration frequency can be adjusted in the range of 2690 to 37600 Hz; the sprout seeds mainly include three small-size sprout seeds of toon, alfalfa and pepper;

[0040] As an embodiment, the seedling tray 7 is a rectangular tray with a length×width×height of 525×265×45 and ventilation holes on both sides and the bottom;

[0041] As an implementation method, combined with Figure 7 As shown, the suction needle adopts a conical columnar suction hole and a cross-section gradient suction needle chamber to improve the stability of the negative pressure flow field distribution gradient of the suction seed, realize the precise grasping of different sprout seeds, and the suction seed accuracy rate is higher than 95%;

[0042] As an implementation method, a notch is cut out at one end of the seed delivery tube, so as to prevent the suction needle from interfering with the seed delivery tube during movement. The inner diameter of the transparent hollow cylindrical tube is 10 mm, the outer diameter is 13 mm, and the length is 140 mm;

[0043] As an implementation method, the vacuum chamber is a hollow rectangle with a length of 500 mm, a width of 15 mm, a height of 12 mm, a wall thickness of 2 mm, four 8 mm air inlet holes evenly distributed on the top, and 33 M6 threaded holes evenly distributed on the bottom for installing the suction needle;

[0044] As an implementation method, the Y-shaped adapter has an overall length of 52 mm, a maximum width of 52 mm, an internal thread of M10×1.25 at the bottom, and a key diameter of 10 mm at the top connected to the connector 3;

[0045] As an embodiment, the first connecting member is rectangular, 115 mm long, 25 mm wide, and 6 mm thick, with a cylindrical hole with a radius of 5 mm opened on the left side of the rectangle to connect to the Y-shaped adapter, and a cylindrical hole with a radius of 8 mm opened on the right margin side of the rectangle to connect to the shaft; is rectangular, 115 mm long, 25 mm wide, and 6 mm thick, with a cylindrical hole with a radius of 5 mm opened on the left side of the rectangle to connect to the Y-shaped adapter, and a cylindrical hole with a radius of 8 mm opened on the right margin side of the rectangle to connect to the shaft;

[0046] As an embodiment, the second connecting member is an L-shaped structure, the vertical length of the L-shaped connecting member 1 is 100 mm, the width is 12 mm, the horizontal length is 40 mm, the width is 8 mm, the thickness of the entire L-shaped connecting member is 4 mm, and a circular hole with a radius of 8 mm for assembly with the shaft is opened at the horizontal bottom end of the L-shaped connecting member;

[0047] As an embodiment, the pneumatic vibrating seed disc and the pin-suction seeding device fixing frame connecting member are Z-shaped components, and the vibrating seed disc and the pin-suction seeding device mounting frame fixing holes are opened on the two transverse surfaces;

[0048] As an embodiment, the connecting parts of the seed delivery component and the needle suction sowing device mounting frame, the seed delivery tube and the needle suction sowing device fixing frame are irregular Z-shaped, the left side is a step-shaped protrusion upward, the step has a connection hole with the seed delivery tube fixing frame, and the right side is a protrusion protruding forward and widened with a hole for mounting the needle suction sowing device fixing frame;

[0049] As an implementation method, the connecting piece between the swing cylinder and the seeding device mounting frame is an L-shape with equal lengths in the vertical and horizontal directions. A semicircular notch with a radius of 15 mm is cut out in the vertical direction for installation with the bottom of the cylinder. Two cylindrical holes with a diameter of 7 mm are opened in the vertical and horizontal directions respectively. One side of the vertical circular notch is used to install the cylinder, and the other side is used to connect with the suction needle seeding device mounting frame.

[0050] As an implementation method, the transparent hose has an inner diameter of 8 mm, and is composed of a hose connected to the swing cylinder and the air compressor, a hose connected to the pneumatic vibrator and the air compressor, and a hose connected to the needle-suction sowing component and the air compressor; the transparent air supply hose makes the airflow state clear at a glance, and can directly observe the airflow operation, whether there is blockage or impurities (such as dust, water droplets, etc.) mixed in the airflow. During the sowing process, it is possible to check in real time whether the air supply is stable to avoid airflow interruption leading to seed suction or seeding failure. When the seed suction system fails to adsorb or leaks, the transparent hose can quickly locate the problem point, such as pipe damage, blockage, or loose connection. Compared with traditional opaque air supply pipes, it is more intuitive to find and eliminate problems. The transparent air supply hose is usually made of flexible materials and can be bent and arranged according to the space requirements of the sowing device to adapt to complex structural layouts. The transparent hose is lightweight and can effectively reduce the overall weight of the sowing device compared to traditional metal or hard air supply pipes. The lightweight design is particularly suitable for miniaturized or mobile sowing devices. The flexible design of the hose avoids the increase of airflow resistance caused by excessive bending or stretching.

[0051] As an implementation method, the photoelectric sensor can monitor in real time whether the suction needle successfully absorbs the seeds, and judge whether the seeds are absorbed or missed by detecting the change in light intensity at the suction needle hole. Compared with traditional mechanical detection methods, photoelectric sensors have the advantage of non-contact detection and will not cause secondary damage to the seeds. Photoelectric sensors can adjust the sensitivity according to the shape, size and light transmittance of the seeds to adapt to the sowing requirements of different types of seeds (such as leaf-shaped and granular seeds). It is particularly suitable for precision sowing of irregular-shaped seeds (such as toon and alfalfa).

[0052] As an implementation method, the air compressor can achieve precise adsorption (negative pressure) and delivery (positive pressure) of seeds by adjusting the output air pressure, avoiding leakage or over-absorption caused by unstable air pressure. Compared with the traditional mechanical negative pressure system, the air compressor can provide a more uniform and continuous airflow to ensure the stability of the suction needle during operation. The air compressor can achieve multi-speed air pressure adjustment to meet the needs of different seed types (such as toon, alfalfa, pepper, etc.) for adsorption negative pressure and release positive pressure. According to the physical properties of the seeds such as size, shape, and quality, the adsorption negative pressure and delivery positive pressure are dynamically adjusted to optimize the sowing process. The air compressor is combined with pressure sensors, photoelectric sensors, etc. to realize real-time air pressure monitoring and feedback adjustment. When adsorption failure or delivery abnormality is detected, the air pressure parameters are automatically adjusted to ensure stable operation of the equipment under dynamic conditions. The negative pressure adsorption and positive pressure delivery methods provided by the air compressor are non-contact operations. Compared with mechanical clamping or seed dialing methods, they will not cause mechanical damage to fragile seeds (such as toon and alfalfa) after germination. Through precise air pressure control, the vibration or impact generated by seeds during adsorption and delivery can be reduced. The application of small and efficient air compressors makes the overall structure of the seeding device more compact and adapts to the needs of miniaturization and modular design. The air compressor can be integrated with other devices (such as seed suckers, pneumatic vibration discs, etc.) to share the air source, further simplifying the equipment layout. The air compressor can provide a stable airflow, which is linked with the vibrating seed disc to achieve uniform distribution and flattening of seeds through the dual effects of vibration and airflow. It is especially effective for the sowing of leaf seeds (such as toon), which can avoid seed stacking or clogging of the suction holes. In addition to providing negative and positive pressure for the seed sucker, the air compressor can also provide air source support for other functional modules (such as seed cleaning, seed blowing, pneumatic conveying, etc.). One machine has multiple uses, further improving the operating efficiency of the sowing device.

[0053] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the sowing process of small-size sprout seeds.

[0054] Combination Figure 1As shown in the figure, the designed crank guide rod driven pneumatic needle suction sowing device is mainly composed of a suction needle sowing component 1, a swing cylinder 2, a pneumatic vibrator 3, a seed feeding component 4, a crank guide rod driven pneumatic needle suction sowing device fixing frame 5, a pneumatic vibration seed tray 6, a seed tray 7, a suction needle 8, a seed feeding tube 9, a vacuum air chamber 10, a Y-shaped adapter 11, a first connecting piece 12, a second connecting piece 13, a fixing frame 14, a seed feeding component and a needle suction sowing device mounting frame 15, etc. The air compressor supplies air to the swing cylinder 2 to make the swing cylinder 2 work, and the swing cylinder 2 swings around the bottom fixed point while performing telescopic movement; the positive and negative pressures of the suction needle sowing component 1 are provided by the air compressor, and the air of the air compressor is compressed by the vacuum generator. The positive pressure is converted into positive pressure, and the airflow of the suction needle sowing component 1 can be adjusted according to the throttle valve. The negative pressure range is -1200~-900Pa, and the positive pressure range is 150~250Pa. The suction needle sowing component 1 makes a swinging motion of ≤30° around the axis as the swing cylinder extends and retracts. When the swing cylinder 2 extends, the suction needle sowing component reaches the seeding position. At this time, the 2-position 5-way solenoid valve controls the air compressor to close the negative pressure and open the positive pressure to assist in blowing the seeds, so that the seeds can smoothly reach the seed delivery tube 9, and then the seeds fall into the seedling tray 7 along the seed guide tube; when the swing cylinder 2 retracts, the needle suction sowing component 1 reaches the seed suction position. At this time, the 2-position 5-way solenoid valve controls the air compressor to close the positive pressure and open the negative pressure to suck the seeds.

[0055] The air flow of the pneumatic vibrator 3 is provided by an air compressor, and the vibration frequency can be adjusted by a throttle valve, and the adjustment range is 2690~37600Hz. In order to improve the success rate of seed absorption and make the seeds more effectively adsorbed on the suction needle, a vibrating seed plate is used to make the seeds produce a "boiling" movement, which can increase the number of contacts between the seeds and the suction needle. In order to meet the boiling of the population, the bottom of the pneumatic vibration seed plate 6 is designed to be an elliptical arc structure. After providing vibration, the population gathers in the middle of the seed plate, which is more conducive to the suction needle 8 to hold the seeds. The upper size of the seed plate is: 490mm long, 35mm wide, and 10mm high; the length of the elliptical arc of the lower part of the seed plate is 33mm; At present, the commonly used excitation methods include mechanical, electromagnetic, and pneumatic. The present invention uses a pneumatic vibrator as the power source for the vibration of the seed plate. The main reason is to reduce the mechanical structure and electronic control components, because the air source of the pneumatic vibration can be directly obtained from the air compressor, and an air compressor supplies air to the cylinder, the pneumatic vibrator, and the needle suction sowing device. According to the size of the vibrating seed tray, the GT01 pneumatic vibrator is selected. The movement state of the seeds is related to the vibration frequency of the seed tray. When the frequency is low, the force between the seeds is large, and the seed "boiling" state is not good; when the frequency gradually increases, the internal friction between the seeds decreases, and the "boiling" state gradually presents a better level; if the frequency is too high, the seeds will boil out of the tray, and the loss rate will increase. In order to make the seeds boil evenly and stably, the seed tray vibration frequency should meet the following requirements:

[0056]

[0057] Where f is the vibration frequency of the disk (Hz);

[0058] H 1 — Minimum seed flying height (mm);

[0059] H 2 — Maximum height of seed boiling (mm).

[0060] The above is an example of the best implementation of the present invention, and the parts not described in detail are common knowledge of ordinary technicians in the field. The protection scope of the present invention shall be based on the content of the claims, and any equivalent transformation based on the technical enlightenment of the present invention is also within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A crank guide rod driven pneumatic needle suction type small-size sprout seed automatic sowing device, characterized in that: It includes a vacuum air chamber, a swing cylinder, a seed delivery tube, a guide rod, a fixed frame, a pneumatic vibration seed tray and a seedling tray. A row of suction needles are arranged on the lower surface of the front end of the vacuum air chamber, and the rear end is horizontally arranged on the rotating shaft. The vacuum air chamber is used to connect an external air compressor so that the suction needle outlet generates negative pressure to suck seeds or generates positive pressure to blow seeds. The two ends of the rotating shaft respectively pass through two parallel fixed frames and are connected to one end of the guide rod. The other end of the guide rod is connected to the upper movable end of the swing cylinder. The lower end of the swing cylinder is installed on the mounting plate outside the fixed frame, and there is a gap between the swing cylinder and the mounting plate. A pneumatic vibrating seed tray is arranged between the two fixed frames and below the suction needle. The pneumatic vibrating seed tray is used to vibrate under the drive of a pneumatic vibrator. A seed delivery tube is arranged at the front end of the pneumatic vibrating seed tray. A seedling tray is arranged below the lower end outlet of the seed delivery tube. The swing cylinder is used to drive the upper movable end and one end of the guide rod to move up and down, thereby driving the rotating shaft at the other end of the guide rod to rotate, and then driving the suction needle to reciprocate between the pneumatic vibrating seed tray and the upper end inlet of the seed delivery tube. The suction needle is used to place the seeds adsorbed on the pneumatic vibrating seed tray at the upper end inlet of the seed delivery tube and blow them into the seedling tray.

2. The crank guide rod driven pneumatic needle suction type small-size sprout seed automatic sowing device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: When the upper end of the swing cylinder is extended, it is used to drive the suction needle to move above the pneumatic vibration seed tray to adsorb the seeds. When the upper end is retracted, it is used to drive the suction needle to the top of the seed delivery tube. The positive pressure of the air compressor can be controlled by the solenoid valve to assist in blowing the seeds, and the seeds are discharged into the seedling tray along the seed delivery tube.

3. The crank guide rod driven pneumatic needle suction type small-size sprout seed automatic sowing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The upper opening of the pneumatic vibrating seed tray is a rectangular structure, and the lower part is a seed tray wall curve designed based on the principle of the fastest descending line. The pneumatic vibrating seed tray adopts a pneumatic vibrator to achieve high-frequency vibration of the seed tray, which meets the requirements of orderly control of the sprout direction of the sprout seeds and improves the discreteness of the sprout seeds. The vibration frequency is adjusted in the range of 2690 to 37600 Hz. The fastest curve equation of the seed tray wall curve is as follows:

4. The crank guide rod driven pneumatic needle suction type small-size sprout seed automatic sowing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inner chamber of the suction needle is a gradual structure including three diameters.

5. The crank guide rod driven pneumatic needle suction type small-size sprout seed automatic sowing device according to claim 4 is characterized in that: The suction needle includes three columnar suction needle chambers, the diameters of the three suction needle chambers gradually decrease from top to bottom, and two adjacent suction needle chambers are connected by a conical transition. The cylindrical radius r1 of the top suction needle chamber is 2.5mm, and the length l1 is 8mm; the radius r1 of the middle suction needle chamber is 1.5mm, and the length l1 is 4mm; the cylindrical radius r1 of the bottom suction needle chamber is 0.4mm, and the length l1 is 6mm.

6. The crank guide rod driven pneumatic needle suction type small-size sprout seed automatic sowing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The suction needle is also provided with a sensor, and the sensor is used to monitor in real time whether the suction needle successfully absorbs the seeds, specifically, by detecting the change of light intensity at the suction needle hole to determine whether the seeds are absorbed.

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