Method for improving green high-yield planting of brewing sorghum

Abstract

The application discloses a method for improving green high-yield planting of brewing sorghum, and comprises the following steps: step one, collecting original uncultivated soil to detect the nutrition and trace element conditions thereof; cutting weeds on newly cultivated land, crushing the weeds, adding microbial composting agents, and turning over the soil; step two, carrying out soil testing formula water-fertilizer integrated precision fertilization mode, adopting drip irrigation mode to carry out precision fertilization during the seeding period and different growth periods of the sorghum, and according to the growth law of the sorghum, different fertilizers are used for fertilization and soil disease prevention and control. The application configures different fertilizers according to the nutrient requirements of the sorghum in different growth periods, and uses amino acid fertilizer and soluble organic matter to replace chemical fertilizer, so that the fertilizer usage is more accurate, and the purpose of reducing chemical fertilizer is achieved.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to a kind of sorghum planting method, more particularly to a kind of method for improving sorghum green high yield planting. BACKGROUND

[0002] 80% of sorghum in China is used for brewing, so in recent years, domestic sorghum is in short supply. Reclamation of new farmland is one of the important measures to ensure food security. However, the newly reclaimed farmland is often low in fertility and not suitable for crop planting. Therefore, it is necessary to explore the sorghum planting method to improve the yield and quality of sorghum.

[0003] International patent PCT / CN2014 / 080806 discloses a kind of sorghum planting method for brewing, which applies special organic fertilizer for sorghum before sowing seedling transplanting and at jointing, heading, filling and grain period. The special organic fertilizer for sorghum is made by mixing the residual material after breeding houseflies with distiller's grains and other organic fertilizers. Although the technical solution of the invention can improve the yield of sorghum for brewing, the weight of 1000 seeds is reduced, so the quality of sorghum cannot be improved.

[0004] Chinese patent CN201410783595.2 discloses a kind of sorghum planting method for brewing, which applies a fertilizer mixed with JT bacterial inoculum, composted chicken manure and pig manure before planting, and uses Bacillus thuringiensis insecticide at seedling stage. The biological control is carried out by JT bacterial inoculum and Bacillus thuringiensis insecticide, and the comprehensive prevention and control is carried out by low-toxicity and non-residual chemical pesticides. The various biological diseases during sorghum planting can be effectively controlled, and the growth environment of sorghum is protected. At the same time, JT bacterial inoculum can improve the biological community of soil and increase the nutrient absorption of sorghum. Reasonable fertilization is given at each planting period. Urea is applied at seedling stage, and dihydrogen potassium phosphate is sprayed to ensure sufficient fertilizer. In order to increase yield, new planting density of 4000-5000 plants per mu is adopted to maximize yield. In order to further increase yield, gibberellin is used to treat sorghum ear and flag leaf at flowering stage, which has the effect of increasing grain weight and grain number. Although the patent describes that yield increase is achieved and pesticide residue is reduced, making the brewed wine more mellow and delicious, no experimental data is given, and it is not clear that the yield is increased. In addition, the quality of sorghum cannot be improved.

[0005] Chinese patent CN202410843696.8 discloses a kind of cultivation method for improving the added value of sorghum products and application. During the whole cultivation period, the total amount of fertilizer is: pure nitrogen fertilizer 160-200 kg / hm 2 , phosphorus fertilizer 70-80 kg / hm 2 , potassium fertilizer 90-110 kg / hm 2The ratio of inorganic nitrogen fertilizer to organic nitrogen fertilizer in the nitrogen fertilizer is 6-8:2-4, with 50% of the inorganic nitrogen fertilizer, organic nitrogen fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, and potassium fertilizer used as base fertilizer, and the remaining 50% of inorganic nitrogen fertilizer applied as top dressing at the heading stage. This method, by adjusting the application rates of nitrogen and potassium fertilizers, can improve the yield and quality of brewing sorghum, increase the soluble sugar and starch content in the sorghum grains, and control the protein and tannin content within a certain range, which is beneficial for subsequent fermentation and brewing. Furthermore, this patented method can also increase the crude protein content in brewing sorghum straw, reduce the content of neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber, and improve feed utilization for poultry and livestock. However, the effect of this technical solution on starch is limited to increasing the total starch content, and the impact on the soil system is unclear.

[0006] Therefore, it is necessary to develop a method that can improve the yield and quality of sorghum for brewing while also enhancing soil fertility, so as to provide a good soil environment for subsequent crop planting.

[0007] It should be noted that the information disclosed in the background section above is only used to enhance the understanding of the background of this disclosure, and therefore may include information that does not constitute prior art known to those skilled in the art. Summary of the Invention

[0008] The purpose of this invention is to provide a method for improving the green and high-yield cultivation of sorghum for brewing. While increasing the yield and quality of sorghum for brewing, it can also improve soil fertility and provide a good soil environment for subsequent crop planting.

[0009] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides a method for improving the green and high-yield cultivation of sorghum for brewing, the method comprising:

[0010] Step 1: Collect uncultivated original soil to test its nutrient and trace element status; on the newly cultivated land, harvest weeds, crush them, add microbial composting agent, and turn the soil.

[0011] Step 2: Implement a soil testing and fertilizer integration precision fertilization model. During the sowing period and different growth stages of sorghum, drip irrigation is used for precision fertilization. Different fertilizers are applied according to the growth pattern of sorghum for fertilization and soil disease control.

[0012] During the sowing period: Based on the content of organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorus and boron in the soil of the newly reclaimed land, if the organic matter content is less than 20g / kg, the total nitrogen content is less than 1g / kg, the total phosphorus content is less than 0.6g / kg and the boron content is less than 1mg / kg, then drip irrigation with water-soluble organic fertilizer, high nitrogen and high phosphorus fertilizer and boron-containing trace element water-soluble fertilizer should be carried out after sowing.

[0013] During the seedling stage: regulate the supply of N and P, and moisturize the soil by drip irrigation with water-soluble organic soil conditioner, drought-resistant and water-retaining agent containing γ-polyglutamic acid and functional microbial agents, and water-soluble NPK fertilizer;

[0014] During the jointing stage: drip irrigation with organic selenium-enriched amino acid nutrients, drought-resistant and water-retaining agents containing γ-polyglutamic acid and functional microbial agents, and water-soluble NPK fertilizer; wherein the amount of water-soluble NPK fertilizer used during the jointing stage is 3 to 4 times that used during the seedling emergence stage;

[0015] During the heading stage: regulate the supply of N, P and K, spray at least once with foliar fertilizer potassium dihydrogen phosphate and water-soluble NPK fertilizer, and spray at least once more with foliar fertilizer potassium dihydrogen phosphate after heading.

[0016] During the mature stage: drip irrigation organic selenium-enriched amino acid nutrients, drought-resistant and water-retaining agents containing γ-polyglutamic acid and functional microbial agents.

[0017] Preferably, in step one, the microbial composting agent is a straw composting agent.

[0018] Preferably, in step one, the amount of the microbial composting agent used is 2 kg / mu.

[0019] Preferably, in step one, 0-30cm of uncultivated original soil is collected to test its nutrient and trace element status.

[0020] Preferably, in step two, the fertilization details for each period are as follows:

[0021] During the sowing period, the organic matter content of the organic fertilizer is >40%; or / and, the total nitrogen content of the high-nitrogen and high-phosphorus fertilizer is >45% and the total phosphorus content is >20%; or / and, the pure boron content of the boron-containing micronutrient water-soluble fertilizer is >21% and the boric acid content is ≥99%.

[0022] During the seedling stage, the organic matter content of the organic soil conditioner water-soluble solvent is ≥200g / L, and the amino acid content is ≥110g / L; or / and, in the drought-resistant and water-retaining agent containing γ-polyglutamic acid and functional microbial agents, 3% γ-polyglutamic acid is ≥70g / L, and the effective viable count of Bacillus subtilis + Bacillus licheniformis is ≥100 million / mL; or / and, the water-soluble NPK fertilizer contains 20% N, 20% P2O5, and 20% K2O;

[0023] During the jointing stage, the organic selenium-enriched amino acid nutrient has an amino acid content ≥100g / L and a trace element content ≥20g / L; or / and, in the drought-resistant and water-retaining agent containing γ-polyglutamic acid and functional microbial agents, 3% γ-polyglutamic acid ≥70g / L and the effective viable count of Bacillus subtilis + Bacillus licheniformis ≥100 million / mL; or / and, the water-soluble NPK fertilizer contains 20% N, 20% P2O5, and 20% K2O;

[0024] During the heading stage, the water-soluble NPK fertilizer contains 20% N, 20% P2O5, and 20% K2O.

[0025] During the maturity period, the organic selenium-enriched amino acid nutrient has an amino acid content ≥100g / L and a trace element content ≥20g / L; or / and, in the drought-resistant and water-retaining agent containing γ-polyglutamic acid and functional microbial agents, 3% γ-polyglutamic acid ≥70g / L and the effective viable count of Bacillus subtilis + Bacillus licheniformis ≥100 million / mL.

[0026] Preferably, the amount of drought-resistant and water-retaining agent used is the same during the seedling stage, jointing stage, and maturity stage.

[0027] Preferably, the minimum dosage of the organic selenium-enriched amino acid nutrient during the jointing stage is greater than or equal to the maximum dosage during the maturity stage.

[0028] Preferably, in step two, the fertilization details for each period are as follows:

[0029] During the sowing period, the amount of organic fertilizer used is 1.5 kg / mu; or / and, the amount of high-nitrogen and high-phosphorus fertilizer used is 1.5 kg / mu; or / and, the amount of boron-containing micronutrient water-soluble fertilizer used is 500 g / mu.

[0030] During the seedling stage, the amount of the organic soil conditioner water-soluble agent used is 2 kg / mu; or / and the amount of the drought-resistant and water-retaining agent containing γ-polyglutamic acid and functional microbial agents used is 1 kg / mu; or / and the amount of the water-soluble NPK fertilizer used is 1 kg / mu.

[0031] During the jointing stage, the dosage of the organic selenium-enriched amino acid nutrient is 1.5 kg / mu; or / and, the dosage of the drought-resistant and water-retaining agent containing γ-polyglutamic acid and functional microbial agents is 1 kg / mu; or / and, the dosage of the water-soluble NPK fertilizer is 3 kg / mu.

[0032] During the heading stage, spray at least once with foliar fertilizer 1.5g / mu of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 2 kg / mu of water-soluble NPK fertilizer. After heading, spray at least once more with foliar fertilizer 1.5g / mu of potassium dihydrogen phosphate.

[0033] Preferably, the organic fertilizer is selected from Shenchu ​​biological organic fertilizer powder; or / and, the boron-containing trace element water-soluble fertilizer is selected from Tianpeng trace element water-soluble fertilizer; or / and, the drought-resistant and water-retaining agent is selected from Jixiangyu biological drought-resistant and water-retaining agent; or / and, the water-soluble NPK fertilizer is selected from "Zhubang" balanced macro-element water-soluble fertilizer; or / and, the organic selenium-enriched amino acid nutrient is selected from Jixiangyu organic selenium-enriched amino acid nutrient.

[0034] Preferably, the drip irrigation spacing is 35cm × 20cm, and the irrigation time is 4 hours; or / and, the sorghum planting row spacing is 35cm and the plant spacing is 20cm; or / and, the sorghum is selected from the Jinnuoliang No. 1 sorghum variety.

[0035] The method for improving the green and high-yield cultivation of sorghum for brewing, as described in this invention, has the following advantages:

[0036] (1) This invention uses different fertilizers to fertilize sorghum according to its nutrient requirements at different growth stages, and uses amino acid fertilizer and soluble organic matter to replace chemical fertilizers, making the amount of fertilizer more precise, so as to reduce the amount of chemical fertilizers.

[0037] (2) Compared with other traditional planting techniques, the present invention can significantly increase the yield of sorghum by using drip irrigation technology, with an increase of 48.37%. It also improves the emergence rate, ear length and plant height of sorghum. The drip irrigation system can precisely control the nutrient supply, avoid nutrient loss, and keep the plant roots in the best nutrient supply state.

[0038] (3) The present invention uses drip irrigation technology to improve the nutritional composition of sorghum. The starch content in sorghum is increased by 4.58%, the proportion of amylopectin in the drip irrigation group is greater than 95%, and the contents of other nutrients such as protein, ash and tannin are also increased by 8.87%, 8.07% and 12.59% respectively, while the lipid content is reduced to below 4%, which is more conducive to improving the quality and yield of liquor.

[0039] (4) After sorghum is planted using drip irrigation technology, the activity of polyphenol oxidase and urease in the soil is significantly enhanced, which can better decompose and release organic nutrients in the soil and improve fertilizer utilization, thereby increasing soil vitality and meeting the needs of sustainable development of newly reclaimed land.

[0040] (5) This invention can achieve rapid fertilizer effect, increase sorghum yield and reduce the application of chemical fertilizers, thus meeting the concept of "ecological brewing".

[0041] Figure and Table Description

[0042] Figure 1 The agronomic traits of sorghum in the drip irrigation group and the control group in Experiment Example 1 of this invention are shown.

[0043] Figure 2The nutrient content of sorghum in the drip irrigation group and the control group in Experiment Example 1 of this invention.

[0044] Figure 3 This illustrates the differences in soil enzyme activity under different irrigation modes in Experiment 1 of this invention. Detailed Implementation

[0045] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0046] It should be noted that: Unless otherwise specified in the examples, conditions should be followed according to standard conditions or the manufacturer's recommendations. Reagents or instruments whose manufacturers are not specified are all commercially available products.

[0047] In this invention, all features defined by numerical ranges or percentage ranges, such as numerical values, quantities, contents, and concentrations, are used for simplicity and convenience only. Accordingly, descriptions of numerical ranges or percentage ranges should be considered as covering and specifically disclosing all possible secondary ranges and individual numerical values ​​(including integers and fractions) within those ranges.

[0048] The features mentioned in this invention can be combined arbitrarily, and all possible combinations should be considered within the scope of this specification, provided that there is no contradiction in the combination of these features. Each feature disclosed in the specification can be replaced by any alternative feature that provides the same, equivalent, or similar purpose. Therefore, unless otherwise specified, the disclosed features are merely general examples of equivalent or similar features.

[0049] Example 1: Method for Improving the Green and High-Yield Cultivation of Sorghum for Brewing

[0050] The specific steps for improving the green and high-yield cultivation of sorghum for brewing are as follows:

[0051] Step 1: Land preparation

[0052] A five-point sampling method was used to collect soil samples from five locations on uncultivated land at depths ranging from 0 to 30 cm. Soil samples from multiple depths at each location were combined to form a single sample, and their nutrient and trace element status was analyzed (Table 1). The results showed very low levels of organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorus, and boron in the soil, allowing for targeted soil testing and fertilizer formulation. Simultaneously, weeds were mechanically shredded, and 2 kg / mu of microbial composting agent was evenly spread over the shredded weeds. The land was then tilled to cover the shredded weeds and composting agent onto the soil. This invention increases soil organic matter content by harvesting and shredding weeds on newly cultivated land and adding a composting agent. The microbial composting agent was selected from straw composting agents (purchased from Chengdu Huahong Biotechnology Co., Ltd.).

[0053] Table 1 shows the soil nutrient composition and trace element content in uncultivated land in Experiment Example 1 of this invention.

[0054]

[0055] Step Two: Drip Irrigation Installation and Seeding

[0056] A soil testing and fertilizer recommendation integrated water and fertilizer precision fertilization model was implemented, which uses a fixed ground drip irrigation system. The main technical parameters of the drip irrigation system are: drip spacing of 35cm×20cm, irrigation time of 4 hours per cycle; row spacing of 35cm, plant spacing of 20cm, and 3 brewing sorghum seeds sown in each planting hole, specifically using the Jinnuoliang No. 1 sorghum variety.

[0057] Step 3: Fertilizing

[0058] The growth stages of sorghum are emergence, jointing, heading, and maturity. Different fertilizers are applied and used for soil disease control according to its growth pattern. Specifically, amino acid fertilizers and soluble organic matter are used to partially replace chemical fertilizers, achieving the goal of reducing fertilizer use while increasing efficiency. Furthermore, polyglutamic acid is added to improve the crop's drought resistance and stress tolerance, enhance fertilizer solubility, transport, and absorption, allowing crop roots to effectively absorb trace elements from the soil. Simultaneously, functional microbial agents are added to control soil diseases and promote soil vitality. The fertilizers and microbial agents used in this invention are all provided by Chengdu Huahong Biotechnology Co., Ltd.

[0059] Sowing period: Sowing in mid-May, followed by drip irrigation. The organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorus and boron content in the newly reclaimed soil is very low (Table 1). Therefore, the following fertilizers are used for drip irrigation: Shenchu ​​bio-organic fertilizer powder (organic matter >40%, registration certificate number: microbial fertilizer (2018) approval number (3811)) 1.5 kg / mu, high nitrogen and high phosphorus fertilizer (total nitrogen >45%, total phosphorus >20%, registration certificate number: agricultural fertilizer (2015) approval number (4599)) 1.5 kg / mu, and Tianpeng micro-element water-soluble fertilizer (pure boron content >21%, boric acid content ≥99%) 500 g / mu, to ensure sufficient soil nutrient content.

[0060] During the seedling stage: In early June, apply 2 kg / mu of organic soil conditioner (organic matter ≥200g / L, amino acids ≥110g / L, registration certificate number: Nongfei (2015) Zhunzi 4539), 1 kg / mu of Jixiangyu biological drought-resistant and water-retaining agent (3% γ-polyglutamic acid ≥70g / L, effective viable count of Bacillus subtilis + Bacillus licheniformis ≥100 million / mL, registration certificate number: Weizhuofei (2018) Zhunzi (2860)), and 1 kg / mu of "Zhubang" balanced macro-element water-soluble fertilizer (20% N + 20% P2O5 + 20% K2O, registration certificate number: Nongfei (2015) Zhunzi (4599)). Sorghum seedlings grow slowly and have low nutrient requirements, but are highly sensitive to nutrients, especially N and P. In addition, it is necessary to prevent soil drought, which can lead to poor seedling growth.

[0061] During the jointing stage: In early July, drip irrigation was applied with 1.5 kg / mu of Jixiangyu organic selenium-enriched amino acid nutrient (amino acids ≥100g / L, trace elements ≥20g / L, registration certificate number: Nongfei (2007) Zhunzi (0791)), 1 kg / mu of Jixiangyu biological drought-resistant and water-retaining agent (3% γ-polyglutamic acid ≥70g / L, Bacillus subtilis + Bacillus licheniformis effective live bacteria count ≥100 million / mL, registration certificate number: Weizhuofei (2018) Zhunzi (2860)), and 3 kg / mu of "Zhubang" balanced macro-element water-soluble fertilizer (20% N + 20% P2O5 + 20% K2O, registration certificate number: Nongfei (2015) Zhunzi (4599)). During the jointing stage of sorghum, the growth rate is the fastest, the stems and leaves grow rapidly, and the demand for nutrients also increases accordingly. The absorption of nutrients at this stage is 3 times that of the seedling stage. Therefore, the nutrient status during this period plays a decisive role in yield.

[0062] During the heading stage: At the end of July, spray foliar fertilizer (potassium dihydrogen phosphate ≥98%) 1.5g / mu and "Zhubang" balanced macro-element water-soluble fertilizer (20% N + 20% P2O5 + 20% K2O, registration certificate number: Nongfei (2015) Zhunzi (4599) No.) 2 kg / mu. After heading, spray foliar fertilizer (potassium dihydrogen phosphate ≥98%) 1.5g / mu again. N, P, and K all play important regulatory roles during the heading stage of sorghum. Under sufficient nitrogen supply, more spikelets can be formed in the young panicles. Sufficient phosphorus increases the weight of the grains. Potassium can enhance the strength of the stems and increase lodging resistance. Potassium dihydrogen phosphate can be absorbed and used by plants, which can quickly activate a variety of plant enzymes, accelerate metabolism, make the crop roots well-developed, and produce large, heavy ears with disease resistance and stress resistance. It can greatly improve the quality of agricultural products and increase yield.

[0063] During the maturity stage: In mid-August, apply 1 kg / mu of Jixiangyu biological drought-resistant and water-retaining agent (3% γ-polyglutamic acid ≥70g / L, effective viable bacteria count of Bacillus subtilis + Bacillus licheniformis ≥100 million / mL, registration certificate number: Microbial Fertilizer (2018) Approval No. (2860)) and 1 kg / mu of Jixiangyu organic selenium-rich amino acid nutrient (amino acids ≥100g / L, trace elements ≥20g / L, registration certificate number: Agricultural Fertilizer (2007) Approval No. (0791)). During the maturity stage, with sufficient nutrition, the grains will become larger and fuller. During this period, plants not only need to continuously absorb nutrients from the soil, but also need to transport nutrients stored in vegetative organs into the plant body. At the same time, high summer temperatures, if there is no rain, little rain, or untimely rainfall, will lead to summer drought.

[0064] Experiment Example 1: Effects of fertigation on agricultural traits of sorghum

[0065] Shuiyankou Village, Longpan Town, Jialing District, Nanchong City, Sichuan Province, China (30°85′14″N, 105°89′48″E) was selected as the experimental base for implementing the method of this invention. The experimental field in this area was divided into two zones, each 10 mu (approximately 1.65 acres). One zone used the drip irrigation method of this invention as the drip irrigation group, and the other zone used the flood irrigation method as the control group. The amount and type of fertilizer applied were the same for both methods.

[0066] 1) The impact of fertigation on the agricultural traits of sorghum

[0067] After the sorghum matured, three plants / 1m² were randomly selected from two sample plots. 2 In the selected area, three representative sorghum plants were used to measure the spike length (cm) and plant height (pH). Spike length is the length from the top to the bottom of the spike, and plant height is the length from the soil surface to the top of the spike. The emergence rate (%) was calculated using the ratio of the total number of seedlings emerging per unit area to the number of seeds sown.

[0068] Depend onFigure 1 It was found that the emergence rate of sorghum planted using drip irrigation technology was higher than that of conventional irrigation, indicating that precise fertilization using drip irrigation during the sowing period can meet the nutritional needs of sorghum seeds and improve survival rate. After maturity, the spike length and plant height of sorghum were also 10.33% and 5.68% higher than those of conventionally irrigated sorghum, respectively, indicating that applying different fertilizers according to the nutrient requirements of sorghum at different growth stages can improve sorghum quality. Furthermore, the sorghum yield in the control group was 523 catties / mu, while the yield in the drip irrigation group was 776 catties / mu, an increase of 48.37%. These results demonstrate that sorghum grows well under drip irrigation conditions, increasing yield. Drip irrigation can better manage fertilizers and more effectively distribute nutrients, thereby reducing crop stress, improving crop quality, and increasing yield uniformity.

[0069] 2) The impact of fertigation on the nutrient composition of sorghum

[0070] After sorghum matured, all sorghum grains from different irrigation methods were collected, and their nutritional components were determined. The amylopectin and amylose contents of sorghum were determined using a dual-wavelength spectrophotometric method, and the sum of the amylopectin and amylose contents was determined as the total starch content. The protein, lipid, ash, and tannin contents of sorghum were determined using the GB 5009.5-2016 Kjeldahl method, GB 5009.6-2016 Soxhlet extraction method, GB 5009.4-2016 ignition method, and GB / T 15686-2008 ferric ammonium citrate colorimetric method, respectively.

[0071] Depend on Figure 2 It is evident that the nutritional composition of sorghum differs significantly between the two irrigation methods. Under drip irrigation, the amylopectin content of sorghum is 74.03%, and the total starch content is 77.41%. Under conventional irrigation, the amylopectin content is 70.21%, and the total starch content is 74.02%. In brewing sorghum, starch not only provides the energy needed for the growth and metabolism of fermenting microorganisms but is also the main component for alcohol (ethanol) production and a fermentation substrate for some flavor precursors. A higher total starch content and a larger proportion of amylopectin will benefit the increase in alcohol yield and the extraction of flavor compounds. Under drip irrigation, the amylopectin content of sorghum accounts for 95.63% of the total starch content, while under conventional irrigation it is 94.85%. In the brewing raw materials for baijiu (Chinese liquor), high-quality glutinous sorghum generally requires an amylopectin content exceeding 95%, and the sorghum grown using the method of this invention meets this requirement.

[0072] The contents of protein, lipids, tannins, crude fiber, and ash in sorghum under drip irrigation conditions were 9.08%, 3.89%, 1.52%, and 1.74%, respectively. Under conventional irrigation conditions, these contents were 8.34%, 4.11%, 1.35%, and 1.61%, respectively. Protein is an important source of precursors for higher alcohols and Maillard reactions, and the protein content in sorghum used for brewing is significantly positively correlated with the alcohol yield. Lipids in sorghum, through oxidative degradation and hydrolysis, form various products that are one of the sources of flavor compounds and flavor precursors in the liquor. However, the volatile substances produced by lipids often produce off-flavors and undesirable tastes, significantly impacting the quality of the liquor. Furthermore, excessive lipids can easily cause the liquor to become cloudy upon cooling. Generally, the lipid content of sorghum used for brewing baijiu is ≤4.0%. Tannins, as a sorghum-specific substance, are an indispensable source of unique flavor and functional substances in baijiu; their content, structure, and degree of polymerization have direct or indirect effects on the quality of baijiu. Ash generally refers to the mineral elements such as potassium, sodium, magnesium, iron, and silicon contained in the raw materials. In the process of brewing baijiu, inorganic components are essential nutrients for the growth and metabolism of brewing microorganisms and are components of many enzymes.

[0073] In conclusion, sorghum grown under drip irrigation conditions is more suitable for brewing baijiu, thus improving the quality and yield of the baijiu.

[0074] 3) The effect of fertigation on soil enzyme activity in sorghum planting areas

[0075] Rhizosphere soil samples were collected from the control group and the drip irrigation group after sorghum harvest. For each irrigation method, a five-point sampling method was used to collect soil samples for testing. At each sampling site, soil samples from multiple depths ranging from 0 to 30 cm were combined to form a single sample. All soil samples were sieved through a 1 cm sieve and then stored at 4°C until use for the determination of soil enzyme activity.

[0076] Urease, catalase, and polyphenol oxidase in the soil were determined using the indophenol blue colorimetric method, potassium permanganate titration method, and pyrogallol oxidation method, respectively, as detailed below:

[0077] Urease activity (UE): 5 g of soil was placed in a 50 mL flask, and 1 mL of toluene was added. The mixture was left to stand for approximately 15 minutes until the toluene was completely absorbed into the soil. Then, 20 mL of potassium citrate-citrate buffer (pH 6.7) and 10 mL of 10% urea solution were added. The flask was sealed, shaken, and incubated at 37°C for 24 hours. A control was performed using 10 mL of distilled water instead of urea. After incubation, the contents of the flask were filtered. The ammonia released from the hydrolysis of urea in the filtrate was determined using the indophenol blue colorimetric method.

[0078] Catalase activity (CAT): 2 g of soil, 40 mL of distilled water, and 5 mL of 0.3% H₂O₂ were shaken at 25 °C for 20 min. After filtration, 5 mL of 1.5 mol / L H₂SO₄ was added to 10 mL of the extract, and the remaining H₂O₂ was determined using 0.1 mol / L potassium permanganate solution. Catalase activity was expressed as a result of titration with 0.1 mol / L potassium permanganate solution.

[0079] Polyphenol oxidase activity (PPO): A mixture of 1 g soil and 10 mL of 1% pyrogallol was incubated at 30 °C for 2 hours. Then, 4 mL of sodium dihydrogen phosphate-citrate buffer (pH 4.5) was added, followed by extraction of shikonin with ether. The results were then measured at 430 nm using a spectrophotometer.

[0080] Soil enzyme activity affects soil nutrient transformation capacity and is a potential factor influencing soil fertility. Figure 3 It was found that after planting sorghum, the enzyme activities in both soil groups increased significantly. Compared to wasteland, the activities of polyphenol oxidase, catalase, and urease in soil treated with conventional irrigation increased by 93.01%, 138.58%, and 187.83%, respectively. In contrast, drip irrigation increased these activities by 132.36%, 170.19%, and 238.90%, respectively. Soil catalase is a redox enzyme produced by plants or microorganisms and plays a crucial role in the material cycle of the soil ecosystem. It catalyzes the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide in the soil into water and oxygen, thereby eliminating and reducing the harmful effects of hydrogen peroxide. Soil urease is an important component of the soil ecosystem, playing a vital role in soil material transformation and energy metabolism. As a driving force for soil metabolism, it catalyzes the hydrolysis of urea in the soil into ammonia and is an important indicator for evaluating ecological environment quality and soil fertility. Therefore, the method of this invention not only improves the fertility of newly reclaimed soil but also provides a favorable soil environment for subsequent crop planting.

[0081] Although the present invention has been described in detail through the preferred embodiments above, it should be understood that the above description should not be considered as a limitation of the present invention. Various modifications and substitutions to the present invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art after reading the above description. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention should be defined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A method for improving green high-yield planting of distilling sorghum, characterized by, The method comprises: Step one: collecting original soil which is not cultivated to detect its nutrition and trace element condition; cutting weeds on newly cultivated land, crushing, adding microbial composting agent, and ploughing; Step two: carrying out soil testing formula water and fertilizer integrated precision fertilization mode, using drip irrigation method to carry out precision fertilization in seeding period and different growth periods of sorghum, and using different fertilizers according to the growth law of sorghum to carry out fertilization and soil disease prevention and control; In the seeding period: according to the content of organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorus and boron in the newly cultivated land, if the content of organic matter is less than 20g / kg, the content of total nitrogen is less than 1g / kg, the content of total phosphorus is less than 0.6g / kg, and the content of boron is less than 1mg / kg, then after sowing, drip irrigation is carried out with water-soluble organic fertilizer, high-nitrogen and high-phosphorus fertilizer and water-soluble boron-containing trace element fertilizer; In the seedling stage: the supply of N and P is regulated, and the soil is kept moist, and drip irrigation is carried out with water-soluble organic soil conditioning agent, drought-resistant water-retaining agent containing γ-polyglutamic acid and functional microbial agent, and water-soluble N-P-K fertilizer; In the jointing stage: drip irrigation is carried out with organic selenium-rich amino acid nutrient agent, drought-resistant water-retaining agent containing γ-polyglutamic acid and functional microbial agent, and water-soluble N-P-K fertilizer; wherein the amount of the water-soluble N-P-K fertilizer used in the jointing stage is 3-4 times that in the seedling stage; In the heading stage: the supply of N, P and K is regulated, at least 1 time of leaf fertilizer potassium dihydrogen phosphate and water-soluble N-P-K fertilizer is sprayed, and after the heading, at least 1 time of leaf fertilizer potassium dihydrogen phosphate is sprayed again; In the maturation period: drip irrigation is carried out with organic selenium-rich amino acid nutrient agent and drought-resistant water-retaining agent containing γ-polyglutamic acid and functional microbial agent.

2. The method of enhancing green and productive planting of distilling sorghum according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step one, the microbial composting agent is a straw composting agent.

3. The method of enhancing green and productive planting of distilling sorghum according to claim 2, characterized in that, In step one, the amount of the microbial composting agent is 2kg / mu.

4. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein, In step one, 0-30cm of uncultivated original soil is collected to detect its nutrition and trace element condition.

5. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein, In step two, the fertilization conditions in each period are as follows: In the seeding period, the organic matter content of the organic fertilizer is >40%; or / and, the total nitrogen content of the high-nitrogen and high-phosphorus fertilizer is >45%, and the total phosphorus content is >20%; or / and, the pure boron content of the water-soluble boron-containing trace element fertilizer is >21%, and the boric acid content is ≥99%; In the seedling stage, the organic matter content of the water-soluble organic soil conditioning agent is ≥200g / L, and the amino acid content is ≥110g / L; or / and, in the drought-resistant water-retaining agent containing γ-polyglutamic acid and functional microbial agent, the 3% γ-polyglutamic acid content is ≥70g / L, and the effective viable count of bacillus subtilis + bacillus licheniformis is ≥100 million / mL; or / and, the water-soluble N-P-K fertilizer contains 20% N, 20% P2O5 and 20% K2O; In the jointing stage, the amino acid content of the organic selenium-rich amino acid nutrient agent is ≥100g / L, and the trace element content is ≥20g / L; or / and, in the drought-resistant water-retaining agent containing γ-polyglutamic acid and functional microbial agent, the 3% γ-polyglutamic acid content is ≥70g / L, and the effective viable count of bacillus subtilis + bacillus licheniformis is ≥100 million / mL; or / and, the water-soluble N-P-K fertilizer contains 20% N, 20% P2O5 and 20% K2O; The heading stage, the water-soluble N-P-K fertilizer contains 20% N, 20% P2O5, 20% K2O; The mature stage, the amino acid of the organic selenium-rich amino acid nutrient agent is ≥100 g / L, and the trace element is ≥20 g / L; or / and, in the drought-resistant water-retaining agent containing γ-polyglutamic acid and functional microbial agent, the 3% γ-polyglutamic acid is ≥70 g / L, and the effective viable number of bacillus subtilis + bacillus licheniformis is ≥100 million / mL.

6. The method as claimed in claim 5, wherein the method for improving green and productive planting of the sorghum bicolor is characterized by, The use amount of the drought-resistant water-retaining agent in the seedling stage, the jointing stage and the mature stage is the same.

7. The method of enhancing green and productive planting of distilling sorghum according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that, The minimum use amount of the organic selenium-rich amino acid nutrient agent in the jointing stage is higher than the maximum use amount in the mature stage.

8. The method as claimed in claim 5, wherein, In step two, the fertilization in each period is as follows: The use amount of the organic fertilizer in the seeding stage is 1.5 kg / mu; or / and, the use amount of the high-nitrogen and high-phosphorus type fertilizer is 1.5 kg / mu; or / and, the use amount of the boron-containing trace element water-soluble fertilizer is 500 g / mu; The use amount of the organic soil conditioning water-soluble agent in the seedling stage is 2 kg / mu; or / and, the use amount of the drought-resistant water-retaining agent containing γ-polyglutamic acid and functional microbial agent is 1 kg / mu; or / and, the use amount of the water-soluble N-P-K fertilizer is 1 kg / mu; The use amount of the organic selenium-rich amino acid nutrient agent in the jointing stage is 1.5 kg / mu; or / and, the use amount of the drought-resistant water-retaining agent containing γ-polyglutamic acid and functional microbial agent is 1 kg / mu; or / and, the use amount of the water-soluble N-P-K fertilizer is 3 kg / mu; In the heading stage, at least 1 time of spraying 1.5 g / mu of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 2 kg / mu of water-soluble N-P-K fertilizer is carried out, and at least 1 time of spraying 1.5 g / mu of potassium dihydrogen phosphate is carried out after the earing.

9. The method as claimed in claim 5, wherein, The organic fertilizer is selected from the group consisting of Shengcu bio-organic fertilizer powder; or / and, the boron-containing trace element water-soluble fertilizer is selected from the group consisting of Tianpeng trace element water-soluble fertilizer; or / and, the drought-resistant water-retaining agent is selected from the group consisting of Jixiangyu biological drought-resistant water-retaining agent; or / and, the water-soluble N-P-K fertilizer is selected from the group consisting of "Zhibang" balanced type macronutrient water-soluble fertilizer; or / and, the organic selenium-rich amino acid nutrient agent is selected from the group consisting of Jixiangyu organic selenium-rich amino acid nutrient agent.

10. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein, The drip irrigation interval is 35 cm x 20 cm, and the irrigation time is 4 hours at a time; or / and, the planting row spacing of the sorghum is 35 cm, and the plant spacing is 20 cm; or / and, the sorghum is selected from the group consisting of Jinnu Liang No. 1 sorghum variety.

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