Double-row close planting dwarfing cultivation technology for pepper sprouts

Abstract

The invention relates to the related technical field of agriculture and forestry, and discloses a Chinese prickly ash sprout double-row close planting dwarfing cultivation technology which at least comprises the following steps: S1, collecting seeds; s2, seed treatment; s3, sowing the seeds; s4, seedling stage management; s5, transplanting; and S6, picking, loading and transporting. Through a reasonable close planting and management mode, the pepper sprouts can enter a harvest stage more quickly, compared with a traditional mode, the production time is remarkably shortened, dwarfed tree bodies are convenient to pick, unified management and picking are facilitated through a standardized planting mode, the picking difficulty and time cost are reduced, strict management measures are adopted, and the economic benefits are improved. The fresh and tender degree, the taste and the appearance quality of the pepper sprouts are guaranteed through scientific fertilization, watering, pest control and pruning technologies, and the three-tenderness two-none standard is achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field related to agriculture and forestry, and in particular to a double-row densely planted dwarfing cultivation technology for pepper sprouts. Background Art

[0002] Zanthoxylum bungeanum belongs to the genus Zanthoxylum of the Rutaceae family and is mainly distributed in tropical and subtropical areas. my country is the native place of Zanthoxylum bungeanum and it is also a multi-purpose economic tree species with a long history of cultivation in my country as an edible seasoning, spice, oil and medicinal material. It is easy to propagate, simple to plant, grows fast, and has lax requirements on cultivation conditions. It can be planted in mountains, hills, river beaches, and beside houses.

[0003] The main economic utilization of Sichuan pepper is the fruit. The peel is rich in volatile oils and fats, and can be distilled to extract aromatic oils. As a raw material for food spices and flavors, the peel has a strong numbing flavor and is a condiment commonly consumed by the Chinese people. The seed oil content is 25% to 30%, and the extracted pepper oil is a drying oil that can be eaten or made into industrial oils such as soap, paint, and lubricants. The peel, stalks, seeds, roots, stems, and leaves can all be used as medicine, which has the functions of warming the middle and dispersing cold, drying dampness and killing insects, promoting qi and relieving pain, and can also be used to prevent and control storage pests. The tender branches and fresh leaves can be directly used as seasonings for cooking or as auxiliary materials for pickles. The tender shoots and leaves of Sichuan pepper are shiny and bright green. No harmful pesticides or fertilizers are applied. It is a pure green food and a precious variety among sprouts. The large-scale production of Sichuan pepper sprouts is the second revolution in the Sichuan pepper industry.

[0004] The sprouts have the special numbing flavor of Sichuan pepper. They can be stir-fried, served cold, deep-fried or cooked in a hot pot. The numbing flavor is pleasant, appetizing and refreshing. In addition, they are processed into Sichuan pepper sprout hot sauce, which has a unique flavor and rich nutrition. It was once included in the royal tribute and was called "first-class pepper core" for people in the court to enjoy. Sichuan pepper is drought-resistant and barren-resistant. It is mainly cultivated in warm and humid mountainous areas, as well as arid and semi-arid mountainous and hilly areas. It does not have strict requirements on cultivation conditions and has high economic value. Zhaotong is one of the producing areas of Sichuan pepper, but the development level of Sichuan pepper sprouts is still not high, and the production management technology is seriously insufficient. At present, they are mostly picked from large trees, and a small amount is cultivated in greenhouses and fields. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a double-row dense planting dwarfing cultivation technology for pepper sprouts, so as to solve the problems of difficult sprout picking, slow production, non-uniform tree size, and high efficiency in pepper sprout production proposed in the above background technology.

[0006] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention is solved by the following technical scheme: a double-row dense planting dwarfing cultivation technology of pepper sprouts, comprising the following steps:

[0007] S1, seed collection;

[0008] S2, seed treatment;

[0009] S3, sowing;

[0010] S4. Seedling management;

[0011] S5, transplanting;

[0012] S6. Picking and loading technology.

[0013] Preferably, the specific method in the step S1, seed collection, is as follows:

[0014] The varieties selected are Dahongpao and Gongjiao, which are commonly planted in Zhaotong area. Middle-aged mother trees with strong vigor, large fruit yield and excellent quality are selected. The fruits are collected after they are fully ripe. After picking, they are placed in ventilated and dry place to dry naturally until the peel cracks and the seeds fall off by themselves.

[0015] Preferably, the specific method in the step S2, seed treatment, is as follows:

[0016] The seed coat of Zanthoxylum bungeanum seeds is hard, rich in oil, has poor air permeability and germinates slowly. Use alkaline water to soak the seeds. The ratio of alkaline surface to seed weight is 1:20. Add 25℃ water to submerge the seeds and soak for 4 hours. During this time, rub the seeds repeatedly to remove the oily skin, then wash them with clean water. Soak them in 25℃ clean water for 48 hours before sowing.

[0017] Preferably, the specific method in the step S3, sowing, is as follows:

[0018] S3-1, adopt field direct seeding, select sandy loam land with irrigation conditions for seedling field, for easy management, combine deep plowing before sowing, apply 1500kg farmyard manure per mu, gather 15cm of soil moisture and 1.2m in width;

[0019] S3-2, autumn sowing, from late October to mid-November;

[0020] S3-3. The sowing method is to spread the seeds evenly on the moisture, cover with a thin layer of soil and rake it flat, with a thickness of about 3cm, cover with pine needles to retain moisture, and sow 40-50kg of selected seeds per mu. When the soil moisture conditions are poor, fully irrigate and then cover with film to keep warm and moisturize. Observe the soil moisture conditions and irrigate in time to replenish water.

[0021] Preferably, the specific method in the step S4, seedling management, is as follows;

[0022] S4-1. Remove weeds when the seedlings are 10-15cm tall, and then cultivate and weed according to the weed and soil compaction conditions;

[0023] S4-2, irrigate and apply fertilizer in time in mid-to-late June, apply quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer 1-2 times, and the amount of topdressing per mu is about 20kg. It is forbidden to apply topdressing before autumn and winter;

[0024] S4-3. For pest control, mainly underground pests and aphids, imidacloprid or pyrethroid pesticides can be sprayed to control aphids; for underground pests, mainly white grubs, organophosphorus pesticides can be applied into the soil to kill them.

[0025] Preferably, the specific method in the step S5, transplanting, is as follows;

[0026] S5-1. Dig up the seedlings after the spring thaw and plant them immediately to ensure that the roots are not damaged;

[0027] S5-2, adopt double-row planting method, with a width of 90cm, an inter-row working path of 100cm, a planting row spacing of 50cm×50cm, and a depth of burying to the root of the seedlings. Apply sufficient base fertilizer before planting, apply about 2kg of farmyard manure to each hole, step on it as you plant, arrange it neatly for easy watering, and the planting density is about 700 plants per mu;

[0028] S5-3, management after planting;

[0029] S5-3-1. Fertilizer and water management: water thoroughly after planting to set the roots, keep the relative humidity of the ground at 80%, spray the leaves 4-5 days before harvesting the pepper buds until no water drips to make the pepper buds fresh and tender, and apply topdressing in time when the fertility is insufficient during the growth period (yellowing of pepper leaves, slow growth, weak buds, etc.), mainly nitrogen fertilizer with phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, farmyard manure, and foliar fertilizer such as potassium dihydrogen phosphate can be sprayed on the leaves. Apply 25-40kg of urea per mu of roots, fertilize 2-3 times, and mix foliar fertilizers according to the product instructions. Water once after each harvest and apply light topdressing;

[0030] S5-3-2. Disease and pest control. Common fungal diseases, such as rust, anthracnose, and branch blight, can be controlled by spraying fungicides, such as 65% mancozeb, anthracnose magnesium, and 25% soluble vitolin. The main insect pests are aphids, which can be killed by spraying with highly effective, low-toxic, and low-residue drugs, such as 1.2% nicotine-matrine emulsifiable concentrate 1000-2000 times diluted, and 20% diflubenzuron suspension insecticide 1500 times diluted. Avoid using drugs 8 days before picking.

[0031] S5-3-3. Pruning technology: The main methods of pruning sprouts are leveling and controlling crown height. After buds are collected in October, the height of the seedlings is cut back to 50-60cm during the autumn leaf-falling dormancy period and before the Waking of Insects of the following year. In summer, remove dense branches, thin branches, overlapping branches, and crossed branches.

[0032] Preferably, the specific method in the S6, picking and shipping technical step is as follows;

[0033] S6-1. Harvest pepper buds when they grow to about 10-15cm. Harvest 6-9 times from early April to October before the pepper buds cap. Timely picking ensures that the buds meet the "three tender and two free" standards, i.e. tender leaves, tender stems, tender thorns, free of impurities and insect pests. Leave 2-3 compound leaves each time to promote the germination of the lower buds. Leave some side buds for the last time to grow into auxiliary branches to restore the tree vigor. Stop harvesting in early October and pay attention to restoring the tree vigor. Topdressing and watering or winter irrigation after leaf fall can be done in mid-to-late October.

[0034] S6-2. The harvested young shoots are packed with film and sealed in boxes to prevent wilting. They are put on the market immediately and cannot be piled up. They can be kept fresh for about 7-8 days at 35℃.

[0035] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0036] 1. The present invention enables pepper sprouts to enter the harvestable stage faster through reasonable close planting and management methods, and the production time is significantly shortened compared with the traditional method;

[0037] 2. The dwarfed trees are convenient for picking, and the standardized planting pattern facilitates unified management and picking, reducing the difficulty and time cost of picking;

[0038] 3. Strict management measures, such as scientific fertilization, watering, pest control and pruning techniques, ensure the freshness, taste and appearance quality of pepper sprouts, meeting the "three tender and two free" standards;

[0039] 4. The combined effects of shortening the production cycle, improving harvesting efficiency and enhancing quality have increased the yield and market competitiveness of Sichuan pepper sprouts, thereby improving economic benefits, helping to promote the development of the Sichuan pepper sprout industry and further tap the potential of the Sichuan pepper industry. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0040] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the planting step S5-2 of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 2 For the present invention Figure 1 Schematic cross section;

[0042] Among them: 1. Ground; 2. Bed surface; 3. Working paths between beds; 4. Sichuan pepper sprout seedlings. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0043] Unless the context clearly dictates otherwise, unmodified nouns and nouns modified by "the" include singular and plural referents.

[0044] As used in the specification and claims, the terms "comprises," "comprising," "having," "may," "containing," and variations thereof as used herein refer to open transitional phrases, terms, or words that require the presence of specified ingredients / steps and allow for the presence of other ingredients / steps. However, such descriptions should be interpreted as also describing compositions or methods as "consisting of" and "consisting essentially of" the recited ingredients / steps, which allows for the presence of only the specified ingredients / steps and any unavoidable impurities that may result therefrom, and excludes other ingredients / steps.

[0045] Numerical values ​​in the specification and claims of this application should be understood to include the same numerical values ​​when reduced to the same number of significant figures and numerical values ​​that differ from the stated value by less than the experimental error of ordinary measurement techniques of the type described in this application for determining the stated value.

[0046] All ranges disclosed herein are inclusive of the indicated endpoints and are independently combinable (eg, the range of "2 grams to 10 grams" includes the endpoints 2 grams and 10 grams, and all intermediate values).

[0047] The terms "about" and "approximately" can be used to include any numerical value that can be varied without changing the basic function of the value. When used with a range, "about" and "approximately" also disclose the range defined by the absolute values ​​of the two endpoints, for example, "about 2 to about 4" also discloses a range of "2 to 4". Generally, the terms "about" and "approximately" can refer to ±10% of the indicated number. However, for temperature, the term "approximately" refers to ±1°C.

[0048] Unless expressly stated otherwise, the percentages of elements are to be considered as percentages by weight of the alloy in question.

[0049] The present disclosure may refer to the temperature of certain method steps. It should be noted that these specifications generally refer to the temperature set by the heat source (such as a furnace), and not necessarily the temperature that the heated material must reach.

[0050] The double-row dense planting dwarfing cultivation technology of pepper sprouts includes the following steps:

[0051] S1, seed collection;

[0052] The varieties selected are Dahongpao and Gongjiao, which are commonly planted in Zhaotong area. Middle-aged mother trees with strong vigor, large fruit yield and excellent quality are selected. The fruits are collected after they are fully ripe. After picking, they are placed in ventilated and dry place to dry naturally until the peel cracks and the seeds fall off by themselves.

[0053] S2, seed treatment;

[0054] The seed coat of Zanthoxylum bungeanum seeds is hard, rich in oil, has poor air permeability and germinates slowly. Use alkaline water to soak the seeds. The ratio of alkaline surface to seed weight is 1:20. Add 25℃ water to submerge the seeds and soak for 4 hours. During this time, rub the seeds repeatedly to remove the oily skin, then wash them with clean water. Soak them in 25℃ clean water for 48 hours before sowing.

[0055] S3, sowing;

[0056] S3-1, adopt field direct seeding, select sandy loam land with irrigation conditions for seedling field, for easy management, combine deep plowing before sowing, apply 1500kg farmyard manure per mu, gather 15cm of soil moisture and 1.2m in width;

[0057] S3-2, autumn sowing, from late October to mid-November;

[0058] S3-3. The sowing method is to spread the seeds evenly on the moisture, cover with a thin layer of soil and rake it flat, with a thickness of about 3cm, cover with pine needles to retain moisture, and sow 40-50kg of selected seeds per mu. When the soil moisture conditions are poor, fully irrigate and then cover with film to keep warm and moisturize. Observe the soil moisture conditions and irrigate in time to replenish water.

[0059] S4. Seedling management;

[0060] S4-1. Remove weeds when the seedlings are 10-15cm tall, and then cultivate and weed according to the weed and soil compaction conditions;

[0061] S4-2, irrigate and apply fertilizer in time in mid-to-late June, apply quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer 1-2 times, and the amount of topdressing per mu is about 20kg. It is forbidden to apply topdressing before autumn and winter;

[0062] S4-3. For pest control, mainly underground pests and aphids, imidacloprid or pyrethroid pesticides can be sprayed to control aphids; for underground pests, mainly white grubs, organophosphorus pesticides can be applied into the soil to kill them.

[0063] S5, transplanting;

[0064] S5-1. Dig up the seedlings after the spring thaw and plant them immediately to ensure that the roots are not damaged;

[0065] S5-2, adopt double-row planting method, with a width of 90cm, an inter-row working path of 100cm, a planting row spacing of 50cm×50cm, and a depth of burying to the root of the seedlings. Apply sufficient base fertilizer before planting, apply about 2kg of farmyard manure to each hole, step on it as you plant, arrange it neatly for easy watering, and the planting density is about 700 plants per mu;

[0066] S5-3, management after planting;

[0067] S5-3-1. Fertilizer and water management: water thoroughly after planting to set the roots, keep the relative humidity of the ground at 80%, spray the leaves 4-5 days before harvesting the pepper buds until no water drips to make the pepper buds fresh and tender, and apply topdressing in time when the fertility is insufficient during the growth period (yellowing of pepper leaves, slow growth, weak buds, etc.), mainly nitrogen fertilizer with phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, farmyard manure, and foliar fertilizer such as potassium dihydrogen phosphate can be sprayed on the leaves. Apply 25-40kg of urea per mu of roots, fertilize 2-3 times, and mix foliar fertilizers according to the product instructions. Water once after each harvest and apply light topdressing;

[0068] S5-3-2. Disease and pest control. Common fungal diseases, such as rust, anthracnose, and branch blight, can be controlled by spraying fungicides, such as 65% mancozeb, anthracnose magnesium, and 25% soluble vitolin. The main insect pests are aphids, which can be killed by spraying with highly effective, low-toxic, and low-residue drugs, such as 1.2% nicotine-matrine emulsifiable concentrate 1000-2000 times diluted, and 20% diflubenzuron suspension insecticide 1500 times diluted. Avoid using drugs 8 days before picking.

[0069] S5-3-3. Pruning technology: The main methods of pruning sprouts are leveling and controlling crown height. After buds are collected in October, the height of the seedlings is cut back to 50-60cm during the autumn leaf-falling dormancy period and before the Waking of Insects of the following year. In summer, remove dense branches, thin branches, overlapping branches, and crossed branches.

[0070] S6. Picking and loading technology;

[0071] S6-1. Harvest pepper buds when they grow to about 10-15cm. Harvest 6-9 times from early April to October before the pepper buds cap. Timely picking ensures that the buds meet the "three tender and two free" standards, i.e. tender leaves, tender stems, tender thorns, free of impurities and insect pests. Leave 2-3 compound leaves each time to promote the germination of the lower buds. Leave some side buds for the last time to grow into auxiliary branches to restore the tree vigor. Stop harvesting in early October and pay attention to restoring the tree vigor. Topdressing and watering or winter irrigation after leaf fall can be done in mid-to-late October.

[0072] S6-2. The harvested young shoots are packed with film and sealed in boxes to prevent wilting. They are put on the market immediately and cannot be piled up. They can be kept fresh for about 7-8 days at 35℃.

[0073] Specific steps: Choose Dahongpao and Gongjiao, which are commonly planted in Zhaotong area, and select middle-aged mother trees with strong tree vigor, large fruit yield and good quality. Collect the fruits after they are fully mature, and place them in a ventilated and dry place to dry naturally in the shade. Wait for the peel to crack and the seeds to fall off by themselves. The seed coat of Zanthoxylum bungeanum seeds is hard, rich in oil, has poor air permeability and germinates slowly. Soak the seeds in alkaline water with a ratio of alkaline surface to seed weight of 1:20. Add 25℃ water to submerge the seeds and soak them for 4h. During this period, rub the seeds repeatedly to remove the oily skin, then wash them with clean water, soak them in 25℃ clean water for 48h before sowing. Direct seeding is adopted for field sowing, and sandy loam land with irrigation conditions is selected for the nursery field. Easy to manage, deep plowing before sowing, apply 1500kg of farmyard manure per mu, gather 15cm of moisture and 1.2m of width, sow in autumn, the time is late October to mid-November, the sowing method is to spread the seeds evenly on the moisture, cover with thin soil and rake it flat, the thickness is about 3cm, cover with pine needles to keep moisture, sow 40-50kg of selected seeds per mu, when the soil moisture is not good, fully irrigate and cover with film to keep warm and moisturize, observe the moisture condition and irrigate in time, pull out weeds in time when the seedling height is 10-15cm, and then cultivate and weed at any time according to the weeds and soil compaction. Irrigate and fertilize in time in mid-to-late June, apply quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer 1-2 times, the amount of topdressing is about 20kg per mu, before autumn and winter It is forbidden to apply topdressing, mainly to underground pests and aphids. Imidacloprid or pyrethroid pesticides can be sprayed to control aphids; underground pests, mainly white grubs, can be killed by applying organophosphorus pesticides into the soil. After the spring thaw, the seedlings should be dug up and planted immediately to ensure that the root system is not damaged. The double-row ridge method is used for planting. The ridge surface is 90cm wide, the working path between the ridges is 100cm, the row spacing of the planting plants is 50cm×50cm, and the depth should be buried to the root of the seedlings. Apply enough base fertilizer before planting, and apply about 2kg of farmyard manure to each hole. Step on it as you plant, arrange it neatly for easy watering. The planting density should be about 700 plants per mu. After planting, water it thoroughly to set the roots. Keep the relative humidity in the ground at 80%. 4 -5d foliar spray until no water drips to make pepper buds fresh and tender. When the fertility is insufficient during the growth period (pepper leaves turn yellow, growth is slow, buds are weak, etc.), timely topdressing is applied. Nitrogen fertilizer is mainly used with phosphorus and potassium fertilizers and farmyard manure. Foliar fertilizers such as potassium dihydrogen phosphate can be sprayed on the leaves. Apply 25-40kg of urea per mu of root, fertilize 2-3 times, and foliar fertilizers according to the product instructions. Water once after each harvest and apply light topdressing. For pest and disease control, common fungal diseases such as rust, anthracnose, and branch blight can be controlled by spraying fungicides such as 65% mancozeb, anthracnose magnesium, and 25% soluble vitrin; insect pests are mainly aphids, and high-efficiency, low-toxic, and low-residue drugs such as 1.Spray with 1000-2000 times of 2% nicotine-matrine emulsifiable concentrate and 1500 times of 20% carbendazim suspension insecticide. Avoid using drugs 8 days before picking. The main way to prune sprouts is to level the stubble and control the crown height. After picking sprouts in October, the height of the seedlings should be cut to 50-60cm during the dormant period of autumn leaves to the next year before the Waking of Insects. In summer, remove overcrowded branches, thin branches, overlapping branches, and cross branches. Harvest when the pepper buds grow to about 10-15cm. The pepper buds are sealed from early April to October. It can be harvested 6-9 times before the top. Timely picking ensures that the sprouts meet the "three tender and two free" standards, that is, tender leaves, tender stems, tender thorns, no impurities, and no insect pests. Each time you pick, you should leave 2-3 compound leaves to promote the germination of the lower buds. The last time, you should leave some side buds to grow into auxiliary branches to restore the tree vigor. After stopping harvesting in early October, pay attention to restoring the tree vigor. In mid-to-late October, you can apply fertilizer and water or winter irrigation after the leaves fall. The harvested sprouts are packed in film and sealed in boxes to prevent wilting. They are put on the market immediately and cannot be stacked. They can be kept fresh for about 7-8 days at 35℃.

[0074] Embodiment 1:

[0075] S1, seed collection;

[0076] The Dahongpao Zanthoxylum bungeanum trees with good growth in Zhaotong area were selected as mother trees for seed collection. The mature fruits were collected and dried in the shade to obtain seeds.

[0077] S2, seed treatment;

[0078] Use alkaline water to soak the seeds, with the ratio of alkaline surface to seed weight being 1:20. Add 25℃ water to submerge the seeds, soak for 4 hours, rub the seeds to remove the oily skin, then wash with clean water and soak in 25℃ clean water for 48 hours.

[0079] S3, sowing;

[0080] S3-1, direct seeding in the field, select sandy loam with irrigation conditions for the nursery field, combine deep plowing before sowing, apply 1500kg of farmyard manure per mu, and collect 15cm of soil moisture and 1.2m in width;

[0081] S3-2, sowing time is late October;

[0082] S3-3. The sowing method is to spread the seeds evenly on the moisture, cover with a thin layer of soil and rake it flat, with a thickness of about 3cm, cover with pine needles to retain moisture, and sow 40-50kg of selected seeds per mu. When the soil moisture conditions are poor, fully irrigate and then cover with film to keep warm and moisturize. Observe the soil moisture conditions and irrigate in time to replenish water.

[0083] S4. Seedling management;

[0084] S4-1. Remove weeds when the seedlings are 10-15cm tall, and then cultivate and weed according to the weed and soil compaction conditions;

[0085] S4-2, timely irrigation and topdressing in mid-June, apply quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer once, the amount of topdressing per mu is about 20kg;

[0086] S4-3. Pay attention to pest control during this period.

[0087] S5, transplanting;

[0088] S5-1, transplant seedlings after thawing in spring;

[0089] S5-2, adopt double-row planting method, with a width of 90cm, an inter-row working path of 100cm, and a planting row spacing of 50cm×50cm. Apply sufficient base fertilizer before planting, apply about 2kg of farmyard manure per hole, and the planting density is about 700 plants per mu;

[0090] S5-3. Management after planting: apply fertilizers, prevent and control pests and diseases, and prune according to the growth conditions.

[0091] S6. Picking and loading technology;

[0092] S6-1. Harvest pepper buds when they grow to about 10-15cm. Leave 2-3 compound leaves each time to promote the germination of lower buds. Stop harvesting in early October and pay attention to restoring the tree vigor.

[0093] S6-2. The harvested young shoots are packed with film and sealed in boxes to prevent them from wilting, and are put on the market immediately.

[0094] Specific steps: select Dahongpao prickly ash trees that grow well in Zhaotong area as mother trees for seed collection, collect mature fruits, dry them in the shade to obtain seeds, soak seeds in alkaline water, the ratio of alkaline surface to seed weight is 1:20, add 25℃ water to submerge seeds, soak for 4h, rub seeds to remove oil skin, then wash with clean water, soak in 25℃ clean water for 48h, adopt field direct sowing, select sandy loam land with irrigation conditions for seedling fields, combine deep plowing before sowing, apply 1500kg farmyard manure per mu, gather 15cm of moisture and 1.2m in width, sow in late October, sow seeds evenly on the moisture, cover with thin soil and rake flat, the thickness is about 3cm, cover with pine needles to keep moisture, sow 40-50kg of selected seeds per mu, when the soil moisture is not good, fully irrigate and cover with film to keep warm and moisturize, observe the moisture conditions and irrigate and replenish water in time, when When the seedling height is 10-15cm, weeds should be pulled out in time. After that, inter-cultivation and weeding should be carried out at any time according to the weeds and soil compaction conditions. Irrigation and topdressing should be carried out in time in mid-June. Quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer should be applied once, with the amount of topdressing being about 20kg per mu. During this period, attention should be paid to pest control. Seedlings should be removed after the spring thaw, and the double-row ridge method should be used for planting. The ridge width is 90cm, the working path between ridges is 100cm, and the row spacing between planting plants is 50cm×50cm. Sufficient base fertilizer should be applied before planting, and about 2kg of farmyard manure should be applied to each hole. The planting density should be about 700 plants per mu. After planting, management should be carried out according to the growth conditions, and reasonable fertilization, pest control and disease prevention and control, and pruning should be carried out. The pepper buds should be harvested when they grow to about 10-15cm. 2-3 compound leaves should be retained each time for each harvest to promote the germination of the lower buds. After stopping harvesting in early October, attention should be paid to restoring the tree vigor. The harvested tender buds should be packed with film and sealed in the box to prevent wilting, and put on the market immediately.

[0095] Embodiment 2:

[0096] S1, seed collection;

[0097] The well-growing Zanthoxylum bungeanum trees in Zhaotong area were selected as seed-collecting mother trees, and the mature fruits were collected and dried in the shade to obtain the seeds.

[0098] S2, seed treatment;

[0099] Use alkaline water to soak the seeds, with the ratio of alkaline surface to seed weight being 1:20. Add 25℃ water to submerge the seeds, soak for 4 hours, rub the seeds to remove the oily skin, then wash with clean water and soak in 25℃ clean water for 48 hours.

[0100] S3, sowing;

[0101] S3-1, direct seeding in the field, select sandy loam with irrigation conditions for the nursery field, combine deep plowing before sowing, apply 1500kg of farmyard manure per mu, and collect 15cm of soil moisture and 1.2m in width;

[0102] S3-2, sowing time is mid-November;

[0103] S3-3. The sowing method is to spread the seeds evenly on the moisture, cover with a thin layer of soil and rake it flat, with a thickness of about 3cm, cover with pine needles to retain moisture, and sow 40-50kg of selected seeds per mu. When the soil moisture conditions are poor, fully irrigate and then cover with film to keep warm and moisturize. Observe the soil moisture conditions and irrigate in time to replenish water.

[0104] S4. Seedling management;

[0105] S4-1. Remove weeds when the seedlings are 10-15cm tall, and then cultivate and weed according to the weed and soil compaction conditions;

[0106] S4-2, timely irrigation and topdressing in late June, apply quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer twice, the amount of topdressing per mu is about 20kg;

[0107] S4-3. Pay attention to pest control during this period.

[0108] S5, transplanting;

[0109] S5-1, transplant seedlings after thawing in spring;

[0110] S5-2, adopt double-row planting method, with a width of 90cm, an inter-row working path of 100cm, and a planting row spacing of 50cm×50cm. Apply sufficient base fertilizer before planting, apply about 2kg of farmyard manure per hole, and the planting density is about 700 plants per mu;

[0111] S5-3. Management after planting: apply fertilizers, prevent and control pests and diseases, and prune according to the growth conditions.

[0112] S6. Picking and loading technology;

[0113] S6-1. Harvest pepper buds when they grow to about 10-15cm. Leave 2-3 compound leaves each time to promote the germination of lower buds. Stop harvesting in early October and pay attention to restoring the tree vigor.

[0114] S6-2. The harvested young shoots are packed with film and sealed in boxes to prevent them from wilting, and are put on the market immediately.

[0115] Specific steps: select the well-growing tribute pepper Zanthoxylum bungeanum trees in Zhaotong area as the mother trees for seed collection, collect mature fruits, dry them in the shade to obtain seeds, soak the seeds in alkaline water, the ratio of alkaline surface to seed weight is 1:20, add 25℃ water to immerse the seeds, soak for 4h, rub the seeds to remove the oil skin, then wash with clean water, soak in 25℃ clean water for 48h, adopt field direct sowing, select sandy loam land with irrigation conditions for the seedling field, combine deep plowing before sowing, apply 1500kg of farmyard manure per mu, gather 15cm of moisture and 1.2m in width, sow in mid-November, sow the seeds evenly on the moisture, cover with thin soil and rake flat, the thickness is about 3cm, cover with pine needles to keep moisture, sow 40-50kg of floating seeds per mu, when the soil moisture is not good, fully irrigate and cover with film to keep warm and moisturize, observe the moisture condition and irrigate in time to replenish water, when the seedlings Remove weeds in time when they are 10-15cm high. After that, cultivate and weed at any time according to the weeds and soil compaction conditions. Irrigate and fertilize in time in late June. Apply quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer twice, about 20kg of topdressing per mu. Pay attention to pest control during this period. After the spring thaw, the seedlings are removed and planted using the double-row ridge method. The ridge width is 90cm, the working path between ridges is 100cm, and the row spacing between planting plants is 50cm×50cm. Apply enough base fertilizer before planting, apply about 2kg of farmyard manure per hole, and the planting density should be about 700 plants per mu. After planting, manage according to the growth conditions, apply fertilizer reasonably, prevent and control pests and diseases, and prune. The pepper buds are harvested when they grow to about 10-15cm. Each time they are harvested, 2-3 compound leaves should be left to promote the germination of the lower buds. After stopping harvesting in early October, pay attention to restoring the tree vigor. The harvested young buds are packed with film and sealed in the box to prevent wilting, and are put on the market immediately.

[0116] The practice of multiple embodiments has proved that the double-row dense planting dwarfing cultivation technology of pepper sprouts of the present invention can effectively solve the problems existing in the prior art, achieve the expected beneficial effects, and has good application prospects and promotion value.

[0117] Finally, it should be noted that the above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, it is still possible for those skilled in the art to modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments or to make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features therein. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A double-row dense planting dwarfing cultivation technology for Zanthoxylum bungeanum sprouts, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1, seed collection; S2, seed treatment; S3, sowing; S4. Seedling management; S5, transplanting; S6. Picking and loading technology.

2. The double-row dense planting dwarfing cultivation technology of Zanthoxylum bungeanum sprouts according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The specific method in the step S1, seed collection, is as follows; The varieties selected are Dahongpao and Gongjiao, which are commonly planted in Zhaotong area. Middle-aged mother trees with strong vigor, large fruit yield and excellent quality are selected. The fruits are collected after they are fully ripe. After picking, they are placed in ventilated and dry place to dry naturally until the peel cracks and the seeds fall off by themselves.

3. The double-row dense planting dwarfing cultivation technology of Zanthoxylum bungeanum sprouts according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The specific method in the step S2, seed treatment, is as follows; The seed coat of Zanthoxylum bungeanum seeds is hard, rich in oil, has poor air permeability and germinates slowly. Use alkaline water to soak the seeds. The ratio of alkaline surface to seed weight is 1:

20. Add 25℃ water to submerge the seeds and soak for 4 hours. During this time, rub the seeds repeatedly to remove the oily skin, then wash them with clean water. Soak them in 25℃ clean water for 48 hours before sowing.

4. The double-row dense planting dwarfing cultivation technology of Zanthoxylum bungeanum sprouts according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The specific method in the step S3, sowing, is as follows; S3-1, adopt field direct seeding, select sandy loam land with irrigation conditions for seedling field, for easy management, combine deep plowing before sowing, apply 1500kg farmyard manure per mu, gather 15cm of soil moisture and 1.2m in width; S3-2, autumn sowing, from late October to mid-November; S3-3. The sowing method is to spread the seeds evenly on the moisture, cover with a thin layer of soil and rake it flat, with a thickness of about 3cm, cover with pine needles to retain moisture, and sow 40-50kg of selected seeds per mu. When the soil moisture conditions are poor, fully irrigate and then cover with film to keep warm and moisturize. Observe the soil moisture conditions and irrigate in time to replenish water.

5. The double-row dense planting dwarfing cultivation technology of Zanthoxylum bungeanum sprouts according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The specific method in the step S4, seedling management, is as follows; S4-1. Remove weeds when the seedlings are 10-15cm tall, and then cultivate and weed according to the weed and soil compaction conditions; S4-2, irrigate and apply fertilizer in time in mid-to-late June, apply quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer 1-2 times, and the amount of topdressing per mu is about 20kg. It is forbidden to apply topdressing before autumn and winter; S4-3. For pest control, mainly underground pests and aphids, imidacloprid or pyrethroid pesticides can be sprayed to control aphids; for underground pests, mainly white grubs, organophosphorus pesticides can be applied into the soil to kill them.

6. The double-row dense planting dwarfing cultivation technology of Zanthoxylum bungeanum sprouts according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The specific method in the step S5, transplanting, is as follows; S5-1. Dig up the seedlings after the spring thaw and plant them immediately to ensure that the roots are not damaged; S5-2, adopt double-row planting method, with a width of 90cm, an inter-row working path of 100cm, a planting row spacing of 50cm×50cm, and a depth of burying to the root of the seedlings. Apply sufficient base fertilizer before planting, apply about 2kg of farmyard manure to each hole, step on it as you plant, arrange it neatly for easy watering, and the planting density is about 700 plants per mu; S5-3, management after planting; S5-3-1. Fertilizer and water management: water thoroughly after planting to set the roots, keep the relative humidity of the ground at 80%, spray the leaves 4-5 days before harvesting the pepper buds until no water drips to make the pepper buds fresh and tender, and apply topdressing in time when the fertility is insufficient during the growth period (yellowing of pepper leaves, slow growth, weak buds, etc.), mainly nitrogen fertilizer with phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, farmyard manure, and foliar fertilizer such as potassium dihydrogen phosphate can be sprayed on the leaves. Apply 25-40kg of urea per mu of roots, fertilize 2-3 times, and mix foliar fertilizers according to the product instructions. Water once after each harvest and apply light topdressing; S5-3-2. Disease and pest control. Common fungal diseases, such as rust, anthracnose, and branch blight, can be controlled by spraying fungicides, such as 65% mancozeb, anthracnose magnesium, and 25% soluble vitolin. The main insect pests are aphids, which can be killed by spraying with highly effective, low-toxic, and low-residue drugs, such as 1.2% nicotine-matrine emulsifiable concentrate 1000-2000 times diluted, and 20% diflubenzuron suspension insecticide 1500 times diluted. Avoid using drugs 8 days before picking. S5-3-3. Pruning technology: The main methods of pruning sprouts are leveling and controlling crown height. After buds are collected in October, the height of the seedlings is cut back to 50-60cm during the autumn leaf-falling dormancy period and before the Waking of Insects of the following year. In summer, remove dense branches, thin branches, overlapping branches, and crossed branches.

7. The double-row dense planting dwarfing cultivation technology of Zanthoxylum bungeanum sprouts according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The specific method in the S6, picking and shipping technical step is as follows; S6-1. Harvest pepper buds when they grow to about 10-15cm. Harvest 6-9 times from early April to October before the pepper buds cap. Timely picking ensures that the buds meet the "three tender and two free" standards, i.e. tender leaves, tender stems, tender thorns, free of impurities and insect pests. Leave 2-3 compound leaves each time to promote the germination of the lower buds. Leave some side buds for the last time to grow into auxiliary branches to restore the tree vigor. Stop harvesting in early October and pay attention to restoring the tree vigor. Topdressing and watering or winter irrigation after leaf fall can be done in mid-to-late October. S6-2. The harvested young shoots are packed with film and sealed in boxes to prevent wilting. They are put on the market immediately and cannot be piled up. They can be kept fresh for about 7-8 days at 35℃.

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