A lightweight mechanized potato planting device and method

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of light and simple mechanized potato planting device and method in the field of agricultural planting technology, step one: site selection and land preparation, 3-4 days before sowing, deep ploughing fine soil is carried out using a rotary tiller, and the rotary tillage depth is 25-30cm; step two: prepare seed potatoes, and after cutting, the cut seed potatoes are subjected to seed dressing treatment; step three: prepare base fertilizer, containing phoxim for preventing and treating underground pests; step four: use light and simple potato planting device to carry out compartment opening and ridging, and accurately control sowing depth, when applying base fertilizer, compound fertilizer is spread at intervals between seed potatoes to avoid burning buds and rotten seeds; step five: mid-term management, depending on the seedling condition, 5-7.5kg urea is applied per mu to raise seedlings. The present invention is efficient and practical, reduces the manpower consumption of potato sowing, fertilizing and ridging by the application of machinery, and optimizes the structure of ridging shovel to improve planting efficiency and quality, realizes light simplification and high efficiency of potato planting, reduces labor intensity and planting cost, and improves planting efficiency and quality.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural planting, and in particular relates to a lightweight mechanized potato planting device and method. Background Art

[0002] Traditional potato cultivation requires a significant amount of manpower for tilling, fertilizing, weeding, and harvesting, resulting in high labor intensity and low efficiency. This high labor input, coupled with the potential for pests and diseases during the cultivation process, leads to high costs. Traditional cultivation methods are also susceptible to natural factors such as weather and soil, resulting in unstable potato growth and difficulty in ensuring yield and quality.

[0003] While mechanized planting technology has been adopted to a certain extent in some regions, its promotion and application are hindered in remote mountainous areas or economically underdeveloped regions due to limited land availability and a low level of technology penetration. Some farmers may struggle to master and use mechanized planting equipment due to limited skills and knowledge. Furthermore, while mechanized planting equipment offers many advantages over traditional planting methods, its purchase and maintenance costs remain high, potentially posing a financial burden for small or financially challenged farmers.

[0004] In the traditional potato planting method, a simple conical shovel is used to manually open a planting trench, and then sowing and applying base fertilizer are carried out. In this process, the soil on both sides of the conical planting trench is prone to repeatedly fall into the bottom of the trench, which can easily cause the sowing depth to be less than expected during sowing. It is difficult to control the accurate and uniform sowing depth, and the absorption efficiency of the base fertilizer will also be weakened with the depth.

[0005] In response to the limitations of traditional potato planting methods and the development trends of modern agricultural technology, a lightweight, mechanized potato planting device and method has emerged. Based on the above issues, it is necessary to propose a lightweight, mechanized potato planting device and method that can be used easily, reduce the manpower required during potato planting, optimize the efficiency of furrowing and ridging during planting, and accurately control the sowing depth. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In order to solve the above problems, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a lightweight mechanized potato planting device and method, which reduces the manpower consumption of potato furrowing and ridge forming through the use of machinery, optimizes the structure of the ridging shovel to improve planting efficiency and quality, accurately controls the sowing depth, realizes the lightweight and efficient potato planting, reduces labor intensity and planting costs, and improves planting efficiency and quality.

[0007] In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution of the present invention is as follows:

[0008] In one aspect, a light and simple mechanized potato planting method is provided, comprising the following steps:

[0009] Step 1: Select and prepare the land. Choose neutral or slightly acidic sandy loam or loam with deep soil, loose soil, fertile soil, and not prone to waterlogging. Use a rotary tiller to deeply till the soil 3-4 days before sowing to a depth of 25-30 cm.

[0010] Step 2: Prepare seed potatoes. Cut more than 250g of seed potatoes into pieces. Prepare two or more cutting knives, soak and disinfect them in 0.5% potassium permanganate solution, and cut one potato at a time. Mix the cut seed potatoes with seeds.

[0011] Step 3: Prepare base fertilizer, which is made from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 100-200 parts of decomposed farmyard manure, 8 parts of triple compound fertilizer, 5-10 parts of slow-release fertilizer, and 0.2 parts of phoxim, wherein phoxim is used to control underground pests;

[0012] Step 4: Use a lightweight potato planting device to open and ridge the beds, and precisely control the sowing depth. Use a 1-meter bed, double-row ridge planting, a narrow row spacing of 33.3 cm, and a plant spacing of 30-38 cm. Manually stagger sowing, with a planting density of 3,500-4,500 plants per mu. After sowing and fertilizing, cover the soil to form large ridges.

[0013] Step 5: Mid-term management: Apply herbicide once after sowing until the weeds in the field have 3-5 leaves. After the potato seedlings emerge, carry out inter-row cultivation, weeding and soiling. Before and after flowering, focus on disease prevention and control of late blight.

[0014] The basic approach offers the following benefits: 1. Select neutral or slightly acidic sandy loam or loam with a deep, loose, fertile soil that is not prone to waterlogging. These soil conditions are conducive to potato growth and development, improving yield and quality. Three to four days before sowing, use a small or medium-sized rotary tiller to deeply cultivate the soil to a depth of 25-30 cm. Deep tillage breaks up the soil's plow layer, increases soil permeability, and promotes the growth and development of potato roots.

[0015] 2. Cut seed potatoes weighing at least 250g into pieces. Prepare two or more cutting knives and disinfect them by soaking them in a 0.5% potassium permanganate solution. Alternate between cutting one potato at a time to ensure each potato has adequate growth points and nutrients. Mix the cut seed potatoes with a seed dressing to improve their disease and stress resistance and reduce the risk of pests and diseases.

[0016] 3. Base fertilizer should consist of 100-200 parts well-rotted farmyard manure, 8 parts triple compound fertilizer, 5-10 parts slow-release fertilizer, and 0.2 parts phoxim. The well-rotted farmyard manure provides organic matter and trace elements, the triple compound fertilizer provides macronutrients like nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, the slow-release fertilizer provides a continuous nutrient supply, and the phoxim is used to control underground pests. The slow-release fertilizer must comply with GB / T23348-2009 requirements to ensure stable nutrient release to meet the needs of the potato growth cycle.

[0017] 4. Use a lightweight potato planting device to plant potatoes in open beds, with 1-meter beds, double rows, narrow row spacing of 33.3 cm, and plant spacing of 30-38 cm. Planting is done manually in staggered rows. This planting method fully utilizes land resources, increasing planting density and yield. Apply base fertilizer at the same time as sowing to ensure an adequate nutrient supply. After sowing and fertilizing, raise the soil and cover it in large ridges to facilitate drainage and heat preservation, promoting potato growth. This mechanized operation significantly improves planting efficiency and reduces labor intensity.

[0018] 5. Apply a herbicide that meets NY / T1997-2011 requirements once between sowing and when weeds have 3-5 leaves to minimize their impact on potato growth. After the potato seedlings have emerged, cultivate the soil, remove weeds, and build up the soil to loosen the soil, improve soil permeability, and promote root growth and development. Prioritize late blight control before and after flowering to ensure healthy potato growth.

[0019] 6. Deep tillage and application of composted farmyard manure and other base fertilizers improve soil structure, fertility, and permeability, providing a favorable soil environment for potato growth. Reasonable planting density, scientific fertilization management, and effective pest and disease control measures ensure healthy potato growth, high yield, and high quality.

[0020] 7. Seed dressing and the application of pesticides such as phoxim effectively reduce the incidence of pests and diseases, lower pesticide usage, and improve the safety of agricultural products. This planting method focuses on soil improvement and nutrient management, reducing the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, which is beneficial for protecting the ecological environment and promoting sustainable agricultural development.

[0021] Furthermore, the time from cutting to sowing of the seed potatoes processed in step 2 should not exceed 3 days in autumn, and should not exceed 7 days in winter and spring. If the seed potatoes used for autumn production have not broken dormancy, they need to be germinated in advance.

[0022] The basic solution offers the following benefits: 1. After seed potatoes are cut, their surfaces are easily damaged and exposed to air, potentially leading to spoilage or infection. Limiting the storage time of seed potatoes can minimize this risk, ensuring they are in optimal condition for planting. After cutting, the nutrients and moisture within the seed potatoes gradually disappear. Prolonged storage significantly reduces their vitality, impacting germination and survival rates. Therefore, limiting storage time helps maintain seed potato vitality.

[0023] 2. For seed potatoes that haven't broken dormancy, premature germination can stimulate their internal physiological mechanisms, prompting them to enter the germination stage earlier. This helps shorten the potato growth cycle and increase yields. Seed potatoes that have undergone premature germination are generally more resistant to stress. After sowing, they can adapt to the soil environment more quickly and resist the invasion of pests and diseases, thereby increasing the survival rate.

[0024] Furthermore, the decomposed farmyard manure in step three is spread before ploughing the land, and then the land is tilled and prepared.

[0025] The basic solution has the following beneficial effects: 1. Well-rotted farmyard manure is rich in organic matter and microorganisms. These components improve soil aggregate structure, increase soil porosity and air permeability, and promote the growth and development of potato roots. Furthermore, organic matter improves the soil's ability to retain water and fertilizer, providing a favorable soil environment for potato growth.

[0026] 2. Well-rotted farmyard manure contains not only macronutrients like nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, but also a variety of trace elements and bioactive substances. These nutrients are slowly released into the soil, providing a continuous and stable supply of nutrients for potato growth. Compared to chemical fertilizers, farmyard manure provides a more comprehensive nutrient profile and is more beneficial to potato growth and quality.

[0027] 3. The application of decomposed farmyard manure can increase the number of microorganisms in the soil and promote their reproduction and activity. These microorganisms can decompose organic matter in the soil, release nutrients, and inhibit the growth of pathogens, reducing the occurrence of potato diseases and pests.

[0028] 4. Spreading decomposed farmyard manure before ploughing the land and then rotary tilling the land can make the soil softer and finer, which is conducive to mechanized sowing, tillage, and soiling. This can not only improve potato planting efficiency, but also reduce labor intensity and save labor costs.

[0029] Furthermore, when applying base fertilizer in step 4, compound fertilizer should be spread at intervals between seed potatoes to avoid burning the buds and rotting the seeds.

[0030] The benefits of the basic approach are as follows: 1. Compound fertilizers typically contain high nutrient concentrations. If applied directly to seed potatoes, they can cause the soil around the potatoes to become overly nutrient-dense, leading to "bud burn," whereby the tender shoots of the seed potatoes are damaged or even die due to the high nutrient concentration. Furthermore, excessive nutrient concentrations can damage the protective layer on the surface of the seed potatoes, making them more susceptible to pathogens and potentially causing seed rot. Therefore, applying compound fertilizers at intervals can effectively avoid these problems and ensure normal germination and growth of the seed potatoes.

[0031] 2. Spreading compound fertilizer at intervals can make the fertilizer more evenly distributed in the soil and avoid excessive concentration of nutrients in local areas. This not only reduces nutrient waste, but also improves nutrient utilization, allowing potato plants to better absorb and utilize these nutrients, thereby promoting their growth and development.

[0032] 3. If compound fertilizer comes into direct contact with the seed potatoes and is applied in large quantities, it may cause soil compaction, affecting the soil's air and water permeability. Interval application can avoid this, keeping the soil soft and breathable, which is conducive to the growth and development of potato roots.

[0033] Furthermore, in step five, the field should be tilled, weeded and soiled, and 5-7.5 kg of urea should be applied per mu to promote seedling development, and soil should be added again during the budding and early flowering stages to eventually achieve a field ridge with deep furrows, high ridges and thick soil.

[0034] The basic plan has the following beneficial effects: 1. Intertillage loosens the soil, improving its air permeability and water retention, which is beneficial for the growth and development of potato roots. Furthermore, weeding reduces competition from weeds on potato plants, allowing them to receive more light, water, and nutrients, thus promoting healthy growth. Mounding increases soil thickness, protecting potato tubers from environmental damage. Furthermore, mounding makes the soil more loose and breathable, which is beneficial for the expansion and growth of potato tubers. Further mounding during the budding and early flowering stages further strengthens the soil environment, providing strong support for the later growth of potatoes.

[0035] 2. Urea is a commonly used nitrogen fertilizer that provides essential nitrogen to potato plants. Applying 5-7.5 kg of urea per mu (approximately 1.5 to 2.5 kg) of urea per acre (approximately 1.5 to 2.5 kg) of urea, depending on the condition of the seedlings, can replenish nutrients needed for plant growth and promote rapid growth and development. This not only increases potato yield but also improves its quality. Through practices such as tillage, soil cultivation, and topdressing, the soil environment for potato growth can be optimized. This not only improves nutrient utilization but also reduces the incidence of pests and diseases, creating conditions for high-quality and high-yield potatoes.

[0036] 3. Deep trenches ensure smooth field drainage, preventing waterlogging from damaging potato plants. Especially during the rainy season, deep trenches can effectively prevent waterlogging and ensure normal potato growth. The high ridges make the soil more porous and breathable, which helps increase soil temperature. This not only promotes the growth and development of potato roots but also increases the expansion rate of potato tubers. Thick ridges provide adequate protection for potato tubers, protecting them from environmental damage. They also reduce the incidence of pests and diseases, improving potato yield and quality.

[0037] On the other hand, a lightweight potato planting device is provided, which is suitable for the above-mentioned lightweight mechanized potato planting method, including a robotic arm, a cross bar is vertically fixedly connected to the middle of the robotic arm, and the horizontal ends of the cross bar are symmetrically fixedly connected to auxiliary arms, and the bottom ends of the auxiliary arms are fixedly connected to bulldozer components for crushing soil clods and pushing soil; the bottom end of the robotic arm is fixedly connected to a ridging shovel, and the ridging shovel includes a shovel tip, and curved shovel surfaces are symmetrically fixedly connected on both sides of the shovel tip, and the curved shovel surfaces extend backward beyond the robotic arm and are fixedly connected to soil guide plates, and the parts of the front ends of the curved shovel surfaces away from the shovel tip are fixedly connected to trenching tips.

[0038] The basic solution offers the following benefits: 1. This device, through its integrated robotic arm, precision-engineered auxiliary arm, and efficient dozer assembly, mechanizes and automates the potato planting process. This not only significantly shortens the planting cycle but also significantly improves planting accuracy and uniformity. Compared to traditional manual planting methods, this device can more quickly complete complex operations such as ridge formation and furrowing, significantly improving production efficiency while ensuring planting quality.

[0039] 2. The bulldozer component crushes clods and pushes the soil, making it finer and softer, which is conducive to potato growth. The special structural design of the ridging blade creates a reasonable ridge structure and ensures that sowing and base fertilizer application can be carried out simultaneously while lifting soil, reducing the impact of soil fall on sowing depth. At the same time, the soil guide plate guides soil flow, ensuring neat ridge shape and even soil distribution. The soil retaining plate extends from the front end of the curved shovel to the rear end of the soil guide plate, effectively preventing soil loss and exposing the seed potatoes, thereby enhancing soil protection.

[0040] 3. With the acceleration of agricultural modernization, reducing farmers' labor intensity and improving production efficiency have become important directions for agricultural development. This device simplifies the tedious planting process into simple operations and controls through mechanized operations, greatly reducing farmers' labor intensity. This not only helps improve farmers' work efficiency, but also allows them to have more time and energy to focus on the growth of crops and carry out more refined management.

[0041] Furthermore, the shovel surfaces used for the groove tips are all inclined toward the shovel tips.

[0042] The basic solution offers the following benefits: 1. The furrow tip is tilted toward the shovel tip, allowing soil to flow more smoothly along the shovel surface during ridge formation and accumulate at the shovel tip. This helps create a more compact and uniform ridge structure, improving soil utilization and crop yields.

[0043] 2. The inclined shovel surface forms a sharp edge at the furrow tip, making the furrowing process more efficient and accurate. Before sowing, the ridging shovel can easily cut into the soil to form a sowing furrow of moderate depth and uniform width, providing good conditions for subsequent sowing and fertilization.

[0044] 3. The inclined design helps reduce soil resistance to the shovel surface, reducing energy consumption and wear of the ridging shovel. Over long periods of use, this design can extend the service life of the ridging shovel and reduce maintenance costs.

[0045] Furthermore, symmetrical soil retaining plates are vertically fixedly connected on both sides of the ridge shovel, and the soil retaining plates extend from the front end of the arc-shaped shovel face to the rear end of the soil guide plate.

[0046] The benefits of the basic solution are as follows: 1. The presence of the soil retaining plate effectively prevents soil from scattering and running off to the sides during the ridging process. The mechanical arm and ridging shovel smoothly lift the soil into ridges, while the soil retaining plate acts as a barrier, ensuring that the soil accumulates and forms ridges, preventing soil from scattering during the ridging process.

[0047] 2. The retaining plate not only prevents soil from scattering but also guides soil flow. Under the action of the curved shovel surface, soil flows forward along the shovel surface and, guided by the retaining plate, flows more smoothly to the rear end of the plate. This design makes the soil flow during the ridging process more orderly and efficient, helping to improve the precision and efficiency of ridging.

[0048] Furthermore, the bulldozer assembly includes a bulldozer plate symmetrically facing the bottom end of the mechanical arm, and the bulldozer plate is rotatably connected to the bottom end of the auxiliary arm.

[0049] The basic solution offers the following benefits: 1. The bulldozer blade's pivoting connection to the bottom of the jib allows for precise adjustment based on soil hardness and resistance. When encountering harder soil, the bulldozer blade's rotation applies greater pressure, further crushing the soil. This design helps improve soil fragmentation, creating more favorable conditions for subsequent sowing and fertilizing.

[0050] 2. The design of the rotating bulldozer plate enables the soil to form a more uniform layer during the pushing process. This helps to form a more compact and uniform ridge structure during the ridging process, thereby improving soil utilization and crop yields.

[0051] 3. The design of the bulldozer blades symmetrically facing the bottom of the mechanical arm enables the two bulldozer blades to work simultaneously during operation, forming a larger soil processing area. This helps to speed up the speed of soil crushing and pushing, and improves operation efficiency.

[0052] Furthermore, the bottom ends of the auxiliary arms are fixedly connected to bulldozer motors, the output shafts of the bulldozer motors pass horizontally through the bulldozer plates, bulldozer rollers are coaxially fixedly connected between the output shafts of the bulldozer motors on both sides, and a number of bulldozer cones are vertically fixedly connected to the bulldozer rollers.

[0053] The benefits of the basic solution are as follows: 1. The introduction of a dozer motor provides powerful power support to the dozer assembly, enabling the dozer roller to more effectively crush and push the soil. This design significantly improves soil handling capacity and speeds up operations, thereby increasing the overall efficiency of potato cultivation.

[0054] 2. The dozer cones, vertically fixed to the dozer roller, penetrate deep into the soil during rotation, effectively breaking up clods and further fragmenting the soil. This design helps improve soil aeration and water retention, providing a better soil environment for potato growth.

[0055] 3. The bulldozer not only breaks up the soil during rotation, but also mixes different layers of soil, making the nutrients in the soil more evenly distributed. This helps to improve the absorption and utilization rate of nutrients by potatoes and promote the healthy growth of crops.

[0056] 4. The design can adapt to soil conditions of different hardness and types. By adjusting the speed and force of the bulldozer motor, it can cope with various complex soil environments and ensure the smooth progress of potato planting operations. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0057] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of a light-weight mechanized potato planting method according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0058] Figure 2 This is a first axonometric view of a lightweight mechanized potato planting device according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0059] Figure 3 It is a side sectional view of a lightweight mechanized potato planting device in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0060] Figure 4 This is a second axonometric view of the lightweight mechanized potato planting device in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0061] Figure 5 This is a third axonometric view of the lightweight mechanized potato planting device in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0062] The figure marks in the drawings of the specification include: 1. mechanical arm; 2. cross bar; 3. auxiliary arm; 4. shovel tip; 5. soil guide plate; 6. curved shovel surface; 7. trench tip; 8. bulldozer blade; 9. bulldozer motor; 10. bulldozer roller; 11. bulldozer cone; 12. soil retaining plate. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0063] The following is further described in detail through specific implementation methods:

[0064] Example 1

[0065] Basically as attached Figure 1 Shown: A light and simple mechanized potato planting method:

[0066] Step 1: Select and prepare the land. Choose neutral or slightly acidic sandy loam or loam with deep soil, loose soil, fertile soil, and not prone to waterlogging. Use a rotary tiller to deep plow the soil 3-4 days before sowing, with a tillage depth of 25-30 cm.

[0067] Step 2: Prepare seed potatoes. Cut seed potatoes weighing more than 250g into pieces. Prepare two or more cutting knives, soak and disinfect them in 0.5% potassium permanganate solution, and cut one type of potato alternately with one knife. Mix the cut seed potatoes for seed processing. The time from cutting to sowing of the processed seed potatoes should not exceed 3 days in autumn, and should not exceed 7 days in winter and spring. If the seed potatoes used for autumn production have not broken their dormancy, they need to be germinated in advance.

[0068] Step 3: Prepare base fertilizer, which is made of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 100-200 parts of decomposed farmyard manure, 8 parts of triple compound fertilizer, 5-10 parts of slow-release fertilizer and 0.2 parts of phoxim, wherein phoxim is used to prevent and control underground pests, and the slow-release fertilizer is a slow-release fertilizer that meets the requirements of GB / T23348-2009; the decomposed farmyard manure is spread before plowing the land, and then the land is tilled and prepared.

[0069] Step 4: Use a lightweight potato planting device to open beds and form ridges, and accurately control the sowing depth. Use 1-meter beds, double-row ridges, a narrow row spacing of 33.3 cm, a plant spacing of 30-38 cm, manual staggered sowing, and a planting density of 3500-4500 plants per mu. After sowing and fertilizing, cover the soil to form large ridges; when applying base fertilizer, spread compound fertilizer at intervals between seed potatoes to avoid burning the sprouts and rotting the seeds.

[0070] Step 5: Mid-term management: Apply herbicide once after sowing until the weeds in the field have 3-5 leaves. Use herbicides that meet the requirements of NY / T1997-2011. After the potato seedlings emerge, carry out inter-row cultivation, weeding and soiling. Before and after flowering, focus on disease prevention and control of late blight. Inter-row cultivation, weeding and soiling, and apply 5-7.5kg of urea per mu to promote seedling development depending on the seedling condition. Till the soil again during the budding and early flowering stages, and eventually achieve a field ridge with deep furrows, high ridges and thick soil.

[0071] Example 2

[0072] The difference from the above embodiment is that, as shown in the attached Figure 2 、 Figure 3 、 Figure 4 and Figure 5 Shown is a lightweight mechanized potato planting device, comprising a mechanical arm 1, with a crossbar 2 vertically fixedly connected to the middle of the mechanical arm 1, and auxiliary arms 3 symmetrically fixedly connected to the horizontal ends of the crossbar 2, and bulldozers fixedly connected to the bottom ends of the auxiliary arms 3 for crushing clods and pushing the soil, a ridging shovel fixedly connected to the bottom end of the mechanical arm 1, and the ridging shovel comprising a shovel tip 4, with curved shovel surfaces 6 symmetrically fixedly connected on both sides of the shovel tip 4, the curved shovel surfaces 6 extending backward beyond the mechanical arm 1 and fixedly connected to soil guide plates 5, and the front end of the curved shovel surface 6 away from the shovel tip 4 fixedly connected to a furrow tip 7, and the furrow tip 7 shovel surfaces are inclined toward the shovel tip 4. Symmetrical soil retaining plates 12 are vertically fixedly connected to both sides of the ridging shovel, and the soil retaining plates 12 extend from the front end of the curved shovel surface 6 to the rear end of the soil guide plate 5,

[0073] The bulldozer assembly includes a bulldozer plate 8 symmetrically facing the bottom end of the mechanical arm 1. The bulldozer plate 8 is rotatably connected to the bottom end of the auxiliary arm 3. The bottom end of the auxiliary arm 3 is fixedly connected to a bulldozer motor 9. The output shafts of the bulldozer motor 9 pass horizontally through the bulldozer plate 8 respectively. The output shafts of the bulldozer motors 9 on both sides are coaxially fixedly connected to the bulldozer roller 10, and a number of bulldozer cones 11 are vertically fixedly connected to the bulldozer roller 10.

[0074] The specific implementation process is as follows: During the ridging process, a driving force is used to pull a lightweight potato planting device to carry out ridging, furrowing and sowing of potatoes, so as to improve the mechanization of the potato planting process and reduce labor costs and labor intensity. The design of this device is relatively light and simple, and a small vehicle (such as an electric vehicle) or even manpower can be used for traction and furrowing. After spreading well-rotted farmyard manure and plowing, the soil has become soft. The traction mechanical arm 1 drives the ridging shovel to dig furrows on the land surface. The excavated soil slides to both sides and upward along the relatively smooth arc-shaped shovel surface 6 to avoid the excavated soil from accumulating in front of the shovel, and the furrowing tips 7 on both sides of the arc-shaped shovel surface 6 also excavate the soil on both sides of the two ridges. While opening the planting furrow, drainage ditches are opened on both sides. At the same time, the soil on both sides is gathered to the middle to increase the amount of soil for ridging. The soil excavated by the shovel tip 4 and the furrowing tip 7 is subjected to vertical The obstruction of the soil retaining plate 12 gathers toward the shovel surface at the bottom of the mechanical arm 1. In order to further prevent soil accumulation, the bulldozer plate 8 on the bottom end of the auxiliary arm 3 can prevent the soil from splashing to both sides of the front. The output shaft of the bulldozer motor 9 at the end of the auxiliary arm 3 rotates to drive the bulldozer roller 10 and the bulldozer cone 11 to rotate, which can not only push the loose soil in front of the shovel tip 4 to climb up the curved shovel surface 6, but also crush the accumulated soil, making the soil used for ridge making more soft and breathable, which is conducive to the germination and growth of potatoes. The furrow width is between 30-40cm.

[0075] After trenching, the soil pushed onto the arc-shaped shovel surface 6 is affected by the thrust of the bulldozer plate 8 and the bulldozer roller 10, and climbs up the guide plate 5 under the constraint of the retaining plate 12, and finally falls down at the tail of the guide plate 5 to form a soil ridge, making the trenching process more efficient and accurate, and the whole process does not require manual operation, which not only saves the labor cost of potato planting, but also improves the efficiency of the planting process, which is conducive to high yield and high quality of potatoes.

[0076] Potato planting experiment using this method:

[0077] 1. This experiment was a field experiment with a randomized block design. Two treatments were set up according to the light mechanized potato planting method: trench planting with a light mechanized potato planting device and traditional manual planting. There were three replicates and six plots with an area of 13.625 m 2 The plot spacing was 40 cm, with a 60 cm protection row. The plots were planted in double-row ridges with a narrow row spacing of 33.3 cm and a plant spacing of 33.3 cm. Planting was done manually in staggered rows. Base fertilizer and slow-release fertilizer were applied at the time of sowing. Planting was done on March 20 and harvested on September 1. Other field management practices were consistent with those of local fields.

[0078] 2. Microsoft Excel 2010 was used to perform statistics on the experimental data, and SPSS25.0 software was used to perform variance analysis on the experimental data.

[0079] The results are shown in the following table:

[0080] Table 1. Effect of light mechanized potato planting methods on potato yield

[0081]

[0082] The potatoes harvested in the experimental field using the lightweight potato planting device for furrow planting had higher single-plant potato weight and per-acre yield than those harvested using traditional manual planting, indicating that using the lightweight potato planting device to precisely control the potato sowing depth has a beneficial effect on potato production quality and yield.

[0083] Example 3

[0084] The difference from the above embodiment is that the base fertilizer formula in step three can also be made from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 15-30 parts of organic fertilizer, 8 parts of triple compound fertilizer, 5-10 parts of slow-release fertilizer and 0.2 parts of phoxim.

[0085] Specific implementation process: When using organic fertilizer instead of decomposed farmyard manure, the organic fertilizer can be mixed evenly with compound fertilizer and other ingredients, and spread between seed potatoes or on the side of the ditch after sowing, reducing the tediousness of spreading base fertilizer.

[0086] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as first and second, etc., are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Moreover, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that includes a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not explicitly listed, or elements inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.

[0087] The above is only an embodiment of the present invention. Common knowledge such as the known specific structures and characteristics in the scheme is not described in detail here. Ordinary technicians in the field are aware of all common technical knowledge in the technical field of the invention before the application date or priority date, can obtain all existing technologies in the field, and have the ability to apply conventional experimental means before that date. Ordinary technicians in the field can improve and implement this scheme in combination with their own abilities under the inspiration given by this application. Some typical known structures or known methods should not become obstacles for ordinary technicians in the field to implement this application. It should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, without departing from the structure of the present invention, several variations and improvements can be made, which should also be regarded as the scope of protection of the present invention. These will not affect the effect of the implementation of the present invention and the practicality of the patent. The scope of protection required by this application shall be based on the content of its claims, and the specific implementation methods and other records in the specification can be used to interpret the content of the claims.

Claims

1. A light and simple mechanized potato planting method, characterized by: The following steps are involved: Step 1: Select and prepare the land. Choose neutral or slightly acidic sandy loam or loam with deep soil, loose soil, fertile soil, and not prone to waterlogging. Use a rotary tiller to deeply till the soil 3-4 days before sowing to a depth of 25-30 cm. Step 2: Prepare seed potatoes. Cut more than 250g of seed potatoes into pieces. Prepare two or more cutting knives, soak and disinfect them in 0.5% potassium permanganate solution, and cut one potato at a time. Mix the cut seed potatoes with seeds. Step 3: Prepare base fertilizer, which is made from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 100-200 parts of decomposed farmyard manure, 8 parts of triple compound fertilizer, 5-10 parts of slow-release fertilizer, and 0.2 parts of phoxim, wherein phoxim is used to control underground pests; Step 4: Use a lightweight potato planting device to open and ridge the beds, and precisely control the sowing depth. Use a 1-meter bed, double-row ridge planting, a narrow row spacing of 33.3 cm, and a plant spacing of 30-38 cm. Manually stagger sowing, with a planting density of 3,500-4,500 plants per mu. After sowing and fertilizing, cover the soil to form large ridges. Step 5: Mid-term management: Apply herbicide once from sowing to when weeds have 3-5 leaves in the field. After the potato seedlings emerge, carry out inter-row cultivation, weeding and soiling. Before and after flowering, focus on disease prevention and control of late blight. The lightweight potato planting device includes a mechanical arm, a crossbar is vertically fixedly connected to the middle of the mechanical arm, and auxiliary arms are symmetrically fixedly connected to the horizontal ends of the crossbar. The bottom ends of the auxiliary arms are fixedly connected to bulldozer components for crushing soil clods and pushing soil. A ridging shovel is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the mechanical arm. The ridging shovel includes a shovel tip, and arc-shaped shovel surfaces are symmetrically fixedly connected on both sides of the shovel tip. The arc-shaped shovel surfaces extend backward beyond the mechanical arm and are fixedly connected to soil guide plates. The front end of the arc-shaped shovel surface away from the shovel tip is fixedly connected to a ditching tip.

2. The light-weight mechanized potato planting method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The time from cutting to sowing of the seed potatoes processed in step 2 should not exceed 3 days in autumn, and should not exceed 7 days in winter and spring. If the seed potatoes used for autumn production have not broken dormancy, they need to be germinated in advance.

3. The light-weight mechanized potato planting method according to claim 2, characterized in that: The decomposed farmyard manure in step three should be spread before plowing the land, and then the land should be tilled and prepared.

4. The light-weight mechanized potato planting method according to claim 3, characterized in that: When applying base fertilizer in step 4, spread compound fertilizer at intervals between seed potatoes to avoid burning buds and rotting seeds.

5. The light-weight mechanized potato planting method according to claim 4, characterized in that: In step five, cultivate the field, weed, and add soil. Depending on the condition of the seedlings, apply 5-7.5 kg of urea per mu to promote seedling development. Add soil again during the budding and early flowering stages to eventually achieve a field with deep furrows, high ridges, and thick soil.

6. The light-weight mechanized potato planting method according to claim 1, characterized in that: When making trench tips, the shovel surface is tilted towards the shovel tip.

7. The light-weight mechanized potato planting method according to claim 6, characterized in that: Symmetrical soil retaining plates are vertically fixedly connected on both sides of the ridging shovel, and the soil retaining plates extend from the front end of the arc-shaped shovel face to the rear end of the soil guide plate.

8. The light-weight mechanized potato planting method according to claim 7, characterized in that: The bulldozer assembly includes a bulldozer plate symmetrically facing the bottom end of the mechanical arm, and the bulldozer plate is rotatably connected to the bottom end of the auxiliary arm.

9. The light-weight mechanized potato planting method according to claim 8, characterized in that: The bottom ends of the auxiliary arms are fixedly connected to bulldozer motors, the output shafts of the bulldozer motors pass horizontally through the bulldozer plates respectively, bulldozer rollers are coaxially fixedly connected between the output shafts of the bulldozer motors on both sides, and a number of bulldozer cones are vertically fixedly connected to the bulldozer rollers.

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