A decoupled multi-stage head cone deformation mechanism

Abstract

This invention discloses a decoupled multi-stage nose cone deformation mechanism, belonging to the design field of morphing aircraft. The nose cone deformation device includes: a five-section nose cone shell, a decoupled telescopic mechanism, a deflection mechanism, and a rotation mechanism. The decoupled telescopic mechanism includes: a drive motor and two lead screws, which are connected to the drive motor via gears and can rotate with the gears or have their transmission interrupted by a clutch. The deflection mechanism includes: a planetary gear train, a ball-cage universal joint, a worm gear, and a drive motor. The planetary gear train enables differential movement between the deflection degrees of freedom, and the worm gear can reduce the required torque while also self-locking. The rotation mechanism includes: an internal meshing gear set, a worm gear, and a drive motor. The telescopic, deflection, and rotational movements of this invention are independent of each other. The telescopic movement of the nose cone shell is decoupled, and the deflection direction can be freely adjusted through the rotational movement. It has advantages such as large deformation capacity, simple drive components, and convenient control.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of morphing aircraft design, specifically a decoupled multi-stage nose cone morphing mechanism. Background Technology

[0002] The aerodynamic requirements for hypersonic vehicles differ significantly at each flight stage. Designing morphing vehicles capable of autonomously achieving variable aerodynamic configurations represents a future direction for hypersonic vehicle structural development. A nose cone with morphing capabilities can improve heat dissipation and eliminate shock wave drag through changes in nose cone bluntness, thereby optimizing the vehicle's aerodynamic performance. Currently, morphing vehicle designs primarily focus on the wing domain, with limited research on nose cone morphing technology. Most current morphing nose cone designs cannot freely adjust the deflection angle during deflection, nor can they achieve multi-degree-of-freedom decoupled control of the morphing shape.

[0003] Therefore, the design of a novel decoupled multi-stage head cone deformation mechanism can solve this type of problem, improve the deformation degree of freedom of the deformable head cone, and has important reference value for the design and fabrication of future morphing aircraft. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This invention addresses the problems existing in the prior art by disclosing a decoupled multi-stage head cone deformation mechanism, which is implemented as follows:

[0005] The aircraft nose cone deformation device of the present invention includes: a five-section nose cone shell, a decoupled telescopic mechanism, a deflection mechanism, and a rotation mechanism; the decoupled telescopic mechanism includes: a drive motor and two lead screws, the two lead screws being connected to the drive motor via gears, and can rotate with the gears, or the transmission can be interrupted by a clutch; the deflection mechanism includes: a planetary gear train, a ball-cage universal joint, a worm gear, and a drive motor, the planetary gear train realizing differential between deflection degrees of freedom, and the worm gear reducing the required torque while also being self-locking; the rotation mechanism includes: an internal meshing gear set, a worm gear, and a drive motor.

[0006] A decoupled multi-stage head cone deformation mechanism is characterized in that the mechanism includes a segmented head cone shell, two symmetrical sets of decoupled telescopic mechanisms, a rotation mechanism, and a deflection mechanism; the head cone shell includes five sections, namely, the first section, the second section, the third section, the fourth section, and the fifth section; the first section is a spring and does not participate in the telescopic motion; the second section is an extension section; the third, fourth, and fifth sections are deflection sections, arranged sequentially from back to front and connected to each other. When the mechanism is fully retracted, only the first, second, and fifth sections are exposed; when fully extended, all the first, second, third, fourth, and fifth sections are exposed. The deflection of the head cone is accomplished by rotating the inclined circular interfaces between the third and fourth sections and between the fourth and fifth sections, and the deflection direction of the entire deflection section can be arbitrarily changed through the rotational degree of freedom between the second and third sections.

[0007] Furthermore, the decoupled telescopic mechanism is symmetrically located on both sides of the inner wall of the second section of the outer shell, and is connected to the first and third sections of the outer shell via two lead screws. The decoupled telescopic mechanism includes: a telescopic drive motor, a gear transmission mechanism, a clutch mechanism, a clutch control push rod, a lower lead screw, an upper lead screw, a lower guide rail, a lower lead screw nut bracket, and an upper lead screw nut bracket; the telescopic drive motor and the two lead screws; the two lead screws are a lower lead screw and an upper lead screw, which are connected to the telescopic drive motor via a gear transmission mechanism and can rotate with the gears of the gear transmission mechanism, or the transmission can be interrupted by a clutch located between the gear shaft and the lead screw.

[0008] Furthermore, during the telescopic movement, the telescopic drive motor, located in the decoupled telescopic mechanism on both sides of the inner wall of the second section of the extended housing, rotates, driving the gear transmission mechanism to rotate, which in turn drives the lower and upper lead screws to rotate. The motion is transmitted to the housing through the lower and upper lead screw nut brackets, causing the connected head cone housing to telescopically move, thus realizing the telescopic deformation of the variant head cone. During the decoupling operation, the clutch mechanism between the gear transmission mechanism and the lower and upper lead screws is driven by the clutch control push rod, completing the switching of the meshing state between the gear transmission mechanism and the lead screws, changing the power transmission state. The stroke of the lower and upper lead screws uniquely determines the telescopic displacement of the second and third sections of the housing. When the movement stops, the lead screw and lead screw nut structure completes self-locking. The axial load of the telescopic drive is borne by the lower and upper lead screws, while the radial load and radial bending moment are borne by the housing interface and the lower and upper guide rails.

[0009] Furthermore, the rotating mechanism is used to drive the rotational freedom between the second and third sections of the outer shell; the rotating mechanism includes a claw disk, a rotary drive motor, a worm gear mechanism, an internal meshing gear set, and an upper guide rail. The upper guide rail is fixed to the inner wall of the second section of the outer shell, and the claw disk slides on it; when driving the rotation, the rotary drive motor arranged on the claw disk provides power to drive the worm gear mechanism to rotate, and the internal meshing gear set provides rotational driving force, and the third section of the outer shell rotates under the restriction of the claw disk; when stopping at any point during the rotational motion, the worm gear can form a self-locking mechanism.

[0010] Furthermore, the deflection mechanism includes a deflection drive motor, a worm gear mechanism, a planetary gear train, and a ball-cage universal joint. When driving the deflection motion, the deflection drive motor provides rotational drive, which drives the planetary gear train through the worm gear mechanism to achieve differential motion between the two inclined circular interfaces. The ball-cage universal joint completes the constant speed transmission between the two rotating interfaces with different axes. At the same time, when the deflection motion stops at any point, the worm gear can form a self-locking mechanism.

[0011] The motion process of the decoupled multi-stage head cone deformation mechanism described in this invention is as follows:

[0012] The deformation mechanism is initially in a retracted state. The telescopic drive motor drives the gear transmission mechanism to rotate. When the clutch control push rod pushes the clutch mechanism to engage, the gear transmission mechanism drives the lower lead screw and the upper lead screw to rotate, thereby causing the second and third sections of the outer shell to extend from the projectile. When the clutch control push rod pushes the clutch mechanism to disengage, the gear transmission mechanism idles and does not transmit power to the lead screw. The lower lead screw and the upper lead screw can be moved separately through the state combination of the clutch mechanism, thereby realizing the separate movement of the first and second sections of the outer shell and the two translational degrees of freedom of the third section of the outer shell.

[0013] During the deflection motion, the deflection drive motor drives the worm gear mechanism to rotate, transmitting power to the planetary gear system connected by the ball cage universal joint, causing the inclined rotating interfaces between the third, fourth, and fifth shell sections to rotate relative to each other, thus achieving the deflection of the head cone.

[0014] Without deflection drive, the third, fourth, and fifth housing sections are self-locking, with the third housing section clamped in the claw disk;

[0015] During rotation, the rotational drive motor arranged on the claw plate provides power, which drives the worm gear mechanism to rotate. Through the internal meshing gear set, it drives the third, fourth and fifth sections of the outer shell to rotate as a whole, thereby adjusting the deflection direction of the head cone.

[0016] The advantages of this invention compared to the prior art are as follows:

[0017] In this invention, the telescopic, deflection, and rotational movements are independent of each other. The telescopic movement of the head cone shell is decoupled, and the deflection direction can be freely adjusted through the rotational movement. This design offers advantages such as large deformation capacity, simple drive components, and convenient control. The addition of a lead screw and worm gear mechanism to the transmission chain enables frictional self-locking without the need for an additional locking mechanism, making the structure simpler and more reliable. By using separate rotational and translational degrees of freedom, and ensuring surface contact between the five shell sections, excellent airtightness is achieved. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the contracted state of a decoupled multi-stage head cone deformation mechanism according to the present invention;

[0019] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the extended state of a decoupled multi-stage head cone deformation mechanism according to the present invention;

[0020] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of a deflection state of a decoupled multi-stage head cone deformation mechanism according to the present invention;

[0021] Figure 4 This is a view from the projectile direction of a clutch-based decoupled screw telescopic mechanism within a decoupled multi-stage variant head cone.

[0022] Figure 5 This is a view from the deflection segment direction of a clutch-based decoupled screw telescopic mechanism within a decoupled multi-stage variant head cone.

[0023] Figure 6 This is a view of the worm gear in the rotating mechanism within the decoupled multi-stage variant head cone;

[0024] Figure 7 This is a view of the weighted pawl disc in the rotating mechanism within the decoupled multi-stage variant head cone;

[0025] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the deflection mechanism within a decoupled multi-stage variant head cone;

[0026] Among them, 100-outer shell, 101-first section of outer shell, 102-second section of outer shell, 103-third section of outer shell, 104-fourth section of outer shell, 105-fifth section of outer shell, 200-decoupling telescopic mechanism, 201-telescopic drive motor, 202-gear transmission mechanism, 203-clutch mechanism, 204-clutch control push rod, 205-lower lead screw, 206-upper lead screw, 207-lower guide rail, 208-lower lead screw nut bracket, 209-upper lead screw nut bracket, 300-rotation mechanism, 301-claw disc, 302-rotation drive motor, 303-worm gear mechanism, 304-internal meshing gear set, 305-upper guide rail, 400-deflection mechanism, 401-deflection drive motor, 402-worm gear mechanism, 403-pivotal wheel system, 404-ball cage universal joint. Detailed Implementation

[0027] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and effects of this invention clearer and more explicit, the following examples provide a more detailed description of the invention. It should be noted that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and not intended to limit the scope of the invention.

[0028] like Figures 1-3 As shown, the present invention includes a segmented conical outer shell 100, two symmetrical sets of decoupled telescopic mechanisms 200, a rotation mechanism 300, and a deflection mechanism 400; wherein, the conical outer shell 100 includes five sections, namely, the first section 101, the second section 102, the third section 103, the fourth section 104, and the fifth section 105; the first section 101 is a spring and does not participate in the telescopic movement; the second section 102 is the extension section; the third section 103, the fourth section 104, and the fifth section 105 are deflection sections, arranged sequentially from back to front and connected to each other. When fully retracted, only the first section 101, the second section 102, and the fifth section 105 of the outer shell are exposed; when fully extended, the first section 101, the second section 102, the third section 103, the fourth section 104, and the fifth section 105 of the outer shell are all exposed. The deflection of the head cone is accomplished by rotating the inclined circular interfaces between the third section 103 and the fourth section 104, and between the fourth section 104 and the fifth section 105 of the outer shell. Furthermore, the deflection direction of the entire deflection segment can be arbitrarily changed through the rotational degree of freedom between the second section 102 and the third section 103 of the outer shell.

[0029] like Figures 4-5The diagram shows a decoupled telescopic mechanism 200, symmetrically located on both sides of the inner wall of the second section 102 of the extended housing, and connected to the first section 101 and the third section 103 of the housing via a lead screw mechanism. The decoupled telescopic mechanism includes: a telescopic drive motor 201, a gear transmission mechanism 202, a clutch mechanism 203, a clutch control push rod 204, a lower lead screw 205, an upper lead screw 206, a lower guide rail 207, a lower lead screw nut bracket 208, and an upper lead screw nut bracket 209.

[0030] During telescopic movement, the telescopic drive motor 201, located in the decoupling telescopic mechanism 200 symmetrically positioned on both sides of the inner wall of the extended section, rotates, driving the gear transmission mechanism 202 to rotate. This, in turn, drives the lower lead screw 205 and upper lead screw 206 to rotate. The motion is transmitted to the outer shell via the lower lead screw nut bracket 208 and upper lead screw nut bracket 209, causing the connected head cone outer shell to telescopically move, thus achieving the telescopic deformation of the variant head cone. During decoupling, the clutch mechanism 203 between the gear transmission mechanism 202 and the lower and upper lead screws 205 and 206 is driven by the clutch control push rod 204, completing the switching of the meshing state between the gear transmission mechanism 202 and the lead screws, changing the power transmission state. The stroke of the lower lead screw 205 and upper lead screw 206 uniquely determines the telescopic displacement of the first section 101 and the third section 103 of the outer shell. When the movement stops, the lead screw and lead screw nut structure self-locks. The axial load of the telescopic drive is borne by the lower lead screw 205 and the upper lead screw 206, while the radial load and radial bending moment are borne by the outer shell interface, the lower guide rail 207 and the upper guide rail 305.

[0031] like Figures 6-7 The diagram shows a rotating mechanism 300, which drives the rotational freedom between the second section 102 and the third section 103 of the outer casing. The rotating mechanism consists of a claw disk 301, a rotary drive motor 302, a worm gear mechanism 303, and an internal meshing gear set 304.

[0032] During rotation, power is provided by a rotary drive motor 302 mounted on the pawl 301, which drives the worm gear to rotate. The internal meshing gear set 304 provides the rotational driving force, and the third section 103 of the outer casing rotates under the constraint of the pawl 301. When the rotation stops at any point, the worm gear can form a self-locking mechanism.

[0033] like Figure 8The diagram shows a deflection mechanism 400, which includes a deflection drive motor 401, a worm gear mechanism 402, a planetary gear train 403, and a ball-cage universal joint 404. During the deflection motion, the deflection drive motor 401 provides rotational drive, which in turn drives the planetary gear train 403 via the worm gear mechanism 402, achieving differential rotation between the two inclined circular interfaces. The ball-cage universal joint 404 completes the constant-speed transmission between the two rotating interfaces on different axes. Furthermore, the worm gear mechanism can self-lock when the deflection motion stops at any point.

[0034] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be noted that for those skilled in the art, several improvements can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these improvements should also be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A decoupled multi-stage head cone deformation mechanism, characterized in that, The aforementioned mechanism includes The segmented head cone shell (100), two symmetrical sets of decoupled telescopic mechanisms (200), a rotating mechanism (300) and a deflecting mechanism (400). The aforementioned head cone outer shell (100) comprises five sections: the first section (101), the second section (102), the third section (103), the fourth section (104), and the fifth section (105). The first section (101) is a spring-loaded body and does not participate in the extension and retraction motion. The second section (102) is the extension segment. The third section (103), the fourth section (104), and the fifth section (105) are deflection segments, arranged sequentially from back to front and connected to each other. When the mechanism is fully retracted, only the first section (101) and the second section (102) remain. The fifth section (105) of the outer shell is exposed; when fully extended, the first section (101), the second section (102), the third section (103), the fourth section (104), and the fifth section (105) of the outer shell are all exposed. The deflection of the head cone is accomplished by rotating the inclined circular interface between the third section (103) and the fourth section (104) of the outer shell, and between the fourth section (104) and the fifth section (105) of the outer shell. The deflection direction of the entire deflection segment can be arbitrarily changed through the rotational degree of freedom between the second section (102) and the third section (103) of the outer shell. The rotating mechanism (300) is used to drive the rotational freedom between the second section (102) and the third section (103) of the outer shell; the rotating mechanism (300) includes a claw disk (301), a rotary drive motor (302), a worm gear mechanism (303), an internal meshing gear set (304), and an upper guide rail (305). The upper guide rail (305) is fixed to the inner wall of the second section (102) of the outer shell, and the claw disk (301) slides on it; When the drive rotates, the power is provided by the rotary drive motor (302) arranged on the claw disk (301), which drives the worm gear mechanism (303) to rotate. The rotational driving force is provided by the internal meshing gear set (304), and the third section (103) of the outer shell rotates under the restriction of the claw disk (301). When the rotation stops at any point, the worm gear can form a self-locking mechanism. The deflection mechanism (400) includes a deflection drive motor (401), a worm gear mechanism (402), a planetary gear train (403), and a ball-cage universal joint (404). When driving the deflection motion, the deflection drive motor (401) provides rotational drive, and the worm gear mechanism (402) drives the planetary gear train (403) to achieve differential motion between the two inclined circular interfaces. The ball-cage universal joint (404) completes the constant speed transmission between the two rotating interfaces with different axes. At the same time, when the deflection motion stops at any point, the worm gear mechanism can form a self-locking mechanism. During the deflection motion, the deflection drive motor (401) drives the worm gear mechanism (402) to rotate, and transmits the power to the planetary gear system (403) connected by the ball cage universal joint (404), so that the inclined rotating interface between the third section (103), the fourth section (104), and the fifth section (105) of the outer shell rotates relative to each other, thereby realizing the deflection of the head cone; When there is no deflection drive, the third section (103), the fourth section (104), and the fifth section (105) of the outer shell are self-locked, with the third section (103) of the outer shell clamped in the claw disk (301). During rotational movement, the rotation drive motor (302) arranged on the claw disk (301) provides power to drive the worm gear mechanism (303) to rotate, and the internal meshing gear set (304) drives the third section (103), the fourth section (104), and the fifth section (105) of the outer shell to rotate as a whole, thereby realizing the adjustment of the deflection direction of the head cone.

2. The decoupled multi-stage head cone deformation mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that, The decoupled telescopic mechanism (200) is set on both sides of the inner wall of the second section (102) of the outer shell and is connected to the first section (101) and the third section (103) of the outer shell through two screws; The decoupled telescopic mechanism (200) includes: a telescopic drive motor (201), a gear transmission mechanism (202), a clutch mechanism (203), a clutch control push rod (204), a lower lead screw (205), an upper lead screw (206), a lower guide rail (207), a lower lead screw nut bracket (208), and an upper lead screw nut bracket (209). The telescopic drive motor (201) is connected to two lead screws; the two lead screws are the lower lead screw (205) and the upper lead screw (206). The two lead screws are connected to the telescopic drive motor (201) through the gear transmission mechanism (202). They can rotate with the gears of the gear transmission mechanism (202) and can also be interrupted by the clutch located between the gear shaft and the lead screw.

3. The decoupled multi-stage head cone deformation mechanism according to claim 2, characterized in that, When the extension is driven, the extension drive motor (201) in the decoupled extension mechanism (200) set on both sides of the inner wall of the second section (102) of the extension section of the outer shell rotates, which drives the gear transmission mechanism (202) to rotate, and then drives the lower screw (205) and the upper screw (206) to rotate. The motion is transmitted to the outer shell through the lower screw nut bracket (208) and the upper screw nut bracket (209), so that the head cone outer shell connected to it moves in extension and retraction, that is, the extension and retraction deformation of the variant head cone is realized. During decoupling, the clutch mechanism (203) between the gear transmission mechanism (202) and the lower lead screw (205) and upper lead screw (206) is driven by the clutch control push rod (204) to complete the meshing state conversion between the gear transmission mechanism (202) and the lead screw, thereby changing the power transmission state; the stroke of the lower lead screw (205) and the upper lead screw (206) uniquely determines the extension and retraction displacement of the second section (102) and the third section (103) of the outer shell; When the movement stops, the lead screw and lead screw nut structure completes self-locking; the axial load of the telescopic drive is borne by the lower lead screw (205) and the upper lead screw (206), and the radial load and radial bending moment are borne by the outer shell interface and the lower guide rail (207) and the upper guide rail (305).

4. A decoupled multi-stage head cone deformation mechanism according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, The motion process of the deformation mechanism is as follows: The deformation mechanism is initially in a retracted state. The telescopic drive motor (201) drives the gear transmission mechanism (202) to rotate. When the clutch control push rod (204) pushes the clutch mechanism (203) to engage, the gear transmission mechanism (202) drives the lower lead screw (205) and the upper lead screw (206) to rotate, thereby causing the second and third sections of the outer shell to extend from the projectile. When the clutch control push rod (204) pushes the clutch mechanism (203) to disengage, the gear transmission mechanism (202) idles and does not transmit power to the lead screw. The lower lead screw (205) and the upper lead screw (206) can be moved separately through the state combination of the clutch mechanism (203), thereby realizing the separate movement of the two translational degrees of freedom of the first section (101) of the outer shell to the second section (102) of the outer shell and the second section (102) of the outer shell to the third section (103).

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