A hydraulic system for a loader boom and bucket and method of use

Abstract

The application discloses a hydraulic system and a using method for a loader arm frame and a bucket, and belongs to the technical field of loaders, and comprises an arm frame oil cylinder, a bucket oil cylinder and a reversing valve group, the reversing valve group comprises a first reversing valve, a second reversing valve and a third reversing valve, and the first reversing valve, the second reversing valve and the third reversing valve are connected through pipelines; one end of the arm frame oil cylinder is connected with one end of a first one-way throttle valve, and the other end of the first one-way throttle valve is connected with the first reversing valve; one end of the bucket oil cylinder is connected with one end of a second one-way throttle valve, and the other end of the second one-way throttle valve is connected with the second reversing valve; and one end of the second reversing valve is connected with one end of the third reversing valve. The arm frame and the bucket can be prevented from falling at a high speed, violent impact can be avoided to bring huge shock and jumping, and the balance of the vehicle can be avoided from being lost. The driver's comfort and safety are improved, the safety of the vehicle is improved, and the stability of the vehicle is ensured.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of loader technology, specifically relating to a hydraulic system for loader boom and bucket and its usage method. Background Technology

[0002] The statements in this section are merely background information related to the present invention and do not necessarily constitute prior art.

[0003] A loader is a type of earthmoving machinery widely used in construction projects such as highways, railways, buildings, hydropower, ports, and mines. It is mainly used for loading and unloading bulk materials such as soil, sand, gravel, lime, and coal, and can also perform light digging operations on ores and hard soil. By changing different auxiliary working devices, it can also perform bulldozing, lifting, and loading and unloading operations of other materials such as timber.

[0004] The existing loader's working device experiences a rapid descent during its descent, and upon reaching the limit stop, the impact and inertia cause the vehicle to lose balance. Structural improvements are unlikely to solve the problem of the working device's rapid descent. This rapid descent generates severe vibrations and bounces in the vehicle. Even when unloaded, the impact of the bucket's rapid descent causes the rear of the vehicle to lift off the ground, with the rear wheels nearly leaving the ground before immediately falling back down, creating a huge shock. If loaded and unloading, this rapid descent causes the rear wheels to lift off the ground and bounce, followed by the rear wheels slamming back down under gravity, posing a threat to the safety of the driver and the vehicle. It also causes impact damage to the front and rear axles, articulated shafts, and other components of the vehicle. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the aforementioned problems, this invention provides a hydraulic system and method for using a loader boom and bucket, which can prevent the boom and bucket from falling rapidly, avoid violent shocks and bounces caused by severe impacts, and prevent the vehicle from losing balance. This improves driver comfort and safety, enhances vehicle safety, and ultimately ensures vehicle stability.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0007] A hydraulic system for a loader boom and bucket includes a boom cylinder, a bucket cylinder, and a directional valve assembly, wherein the directional valve assembly includes a first directional valve, a second directional valve, and a third directional valve, and the first directional valve, the second directional valve, and the third directional valve are connected by a pipeline.

[0008] One end of the boom cylinder is connected to one end of the first one-way throttle valve, and the other end of the first one-way throttle valve is connected to the first directional valve; one end of the bucket cylinder is connected to one end of the second one-way throttle valve, and the other end of the second one-way throttle valve is connected to the second directional valve; one end of the second directional valve is connected to one end of the third directional valve, and the other end of the third directional valve is connected to the third oil pump; a second oil pump is installed at one end of the third oil pump, and a first oil pump is installed at one end of the second oil pump.

[0009] Furthermore, the boom cylinder includes a first boom cylinder and a second boom cylinder, which are connected by a pipeline.

[0010] Furthermore, the first boom cylinder is connected to the first one-way throttle valve, the first one-way throttle valve is connected to the first directional valve, and the second boom cylinder is connected to the first directional valve.

[0011] Furthermore, the bucket cylinder includes a first bucket cylinder and a second bucket cylinder, which are connected by a pipeline.

[0012] Furthermore, the first bucket cylinder is connected to the second one-way throttle valve, the second one-way throttle valve is connected to the second reversing valve, and the second bucket cylinder is connected to the second reversing valve.

[0013] Furthermore, one end of the first oil pump, the second oil pump, and the third oil pump are connected to each other, the connection points of the first oil pump, the second oil pump, and the third oil pump are connected to the first filter, and the first filter is connected to the oil tank.

[0014] Furthermore, an overflow valve is provided on one side of the first oil pump, one end of which is connected to the other end of the first oil pump, and the other end of which is connected to the oil tank.

[0015] Furthermore, the other end of the second oil pump is connected to one end of a priority valve, and the other end of the priority valve is connected to a directional valve assembly.

[0016] Furthermore, a radiator is provided on one side of the third oil pump, one end of the radiator is connected to one end of the second filter, and the other end of the second filter is connected to the oil tank; the other end of the radiator is connected to the reversing valve assembly.

[0017] A hydraulic system for a loader boom and bucket includes the following steps:

[0018] When the bucket is raised, the oil outlet of the third oil pump enters the rodless chamber of the bucket cylinder through the left valve position of the second reversing valve and then through the second one-way throttle valve, pushing the piston rod to move to the right. The oil in the rod chamber of the bucket cylinder returns to the oil tank through the second reversing valve.

[0019] When the bucket is unloading, the oil outlet of the third oil pump enters the rod chamber of the bucket cylinder through the right valve position of the second reversing valve and then through the second one-way throttle valve, pushing the piston rod to move to the left. The rodless chamber of the bucket cylinder returns oil. If the bucket is moving too fast at this time, the oil in the rodless chamber passes through the second one-way throttle valve. The valve core of the throttle valve moves, reducing the outlet area of ​​the oil, causing back pressure in the bucket cylinder, which in turn slows down the descent of the bucket.

[0020] If the boom cylinder moves too fast when the boom is falling, the first one-way throttle valve in the rodless chamber will reduce the flow area of ​​its oil outlet, thus slowing down the boom speed.

[0021] Compared with the prior art, the advantages and positive effects of this invention are:

[0022] This invention includes a bucket cylinder, a boom cylinder, a one-way throttle valve, and a reversing valve. The one-way throttle valve controls the speed of the bucket and boom cylinders when they experience excessive speed, effectively preventing them from dropping too quickly and eliminating the resulting shocks and bounces. This protects the drive axle, tires, frame, and key articulated components from massive impact damage, as well as other vehicle components. Eliminating these shocks and bounces ensures smooth vehicle operation, preventing driver accidents and protecting the vehicle from impact damage. It guarantees vehicle balance from a hardware perspective, without relying on the driver's skill, experience, or seniority to prevent imbalance. Attached Figure Description

[0023] The accompanying drawings, which form part of this invention, are used to provide a further understanding of the invention. The illustrative embodiments of the invention and their descriptions are used to explain the invention and do not constitute an improper limitation of the invention.

[0024] Figure 1 This is a diagram of the hydraulic system for the loader boom and bucket of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the control system and steering system of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 3 This is a diagram showing the installation positions of the boom cylinder and bucket cylinder of the present invention;

[0027] In the diagram: 1. First boom cylinder; 2. Second boom cylinder; 3. First bucket cylinder; 4. Second bucket cylinder; 5. First one-way throttle valve; 6. Second one-way throttle valve; 7. First directional valve; 8. Second directional valve; 9. Third directional valve; 10. Priority valve; 11. Relief valve; 12. First oil pump; 13. Second oil pump; 14. Third oil pump; 15. First filter; 16. Second filter; 17. Radiator; 18. Steering system; 19. Control system. Detailed Implementation

[0028] It should be noted that the following detailed description is illustrative and intended to provide further explanation of the invention. Unless otherwise specified, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains.

[0029] The existing loader's working device experiences a rapid descent during its descent, and upon reaching the limit stop, the impact and inertia cause the vehicle to lose balance. Structural improvements are unlikely to solve the problem of the working device's rapid descent. This rapid descent generates severe vibrations and bounces in the vehicle. Even when unloaded, the impact of the bucket's rapid descent causes the rear of the vehicle to lift off the ground, with the rear wheels nearly leaving the ground before immediately falling back down, creating a huge shock. If loaded and unloading, this rapid descent causes the rear wheels to lift off the ground and bounce, followed by the rear wheels slamming back down under gravity, posing a threat to the safety of the driver and the vehicle. It also causes impact damage to the front and rear axles, articulated shafts, and other components of the vehicle.

[0030] Example 1:

[0031] The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. This embodiment discloses a hydraulic system for a loader boom and bucket, such as... Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, it includes a boom cylinder, a bucket cylinder, and a directional valve assembly. The directional valve assembly includes a first directional valve, a second directional valve, and a third directional valve. The first directional valve, the second directional valve, and the third directional valve are connected by a pipeline.

[0032] One end of the boom cylinder is connected to one end of the first one-way throttle valve, and the other end of the first one-way throttle valve is connected to the first directional valve; one end of the bucket cylinder is connected to one end of the second one-way throttle valve, and the other end of the second one-way throttle valve is connected to the second directional valve; one end of the second directional valve is connected to one end of the third directional valve, and the other end of the third directional valve is connected to the third oil pump; one end of the third oil pump is equipped with the second oil pump, and one end of the second oil pump is equipped with the first oil pump.

[0033] The primary and secondary booms are collectively referred to as boom cylinders and bucket cylinders. Currently, conventional loaders only have a primary boom; the secondary boom is designed for special applications and to achieve specific functions.

[0034] This invention can be applied to telescopic booms, cascade booms, and... Figure 2As shown in the figure, any boom that goes up must also go down (whether it is a bucket, a primary boom, a secondary boom, a primary telescopic boom, a secondary telescopic boom, a tertiary boom, a quaternary boom, ... N levels). Each level requires a hydraulic cylinder to drive it, resulting in multiple levels. The hydraulic system of this invention can be used in all of them. In this way, the loader can be decelerated during descent, keeping it in a stable and unbalanced state, regardless of the differences in the external form of the loader's working device.

[0035] This invention includes a bucket cylinder, a boom cylinder, a one-way throttle valve, and a reversing valve. The one-way throttle valve controls the speed of the bucket and boom cylinders when they experience excessive speed, effectively preventing them from dropping too quickly and eliminating the resulting shocks and bounces. This protects the drive axle, tires, frame, and key articulated components from massive impact damage, as well as other vehicle components. Eliminating these shocks and bounces ensures smooth vehicle operation, preventing driver accidents and protecting the vehicle from impact damage. It guarantees vehicle balance from a hardware perspective, without relying on the driver's skill, experience, or seniority to prevent imbalance.

[0036] The boom cylinder includes a first boom cylinder and a second boom cylinder, which are connected by a pipeline. The first boom cylinder is connected to a first one-way throttle valve, which is connected to a first directional control valve. The second boom cylinder is also connected to the first directional control valve. The bucket cylinder includes a first bucket cylinder and a second bucket cylinder, which are connected by a pipeline. The first bucket cylinder is connected to a second one-way throttle valve, which is connected to a second directional control valve. The second bucket cylinder is also connected to the second directional control valve.

[0037] A one-way throttle valve is a fluid control device whose main function is to control the flow rate of fluid by changing the throttling cross-section or throttling length. It combines the characteristics of a throttle valve and a one-way valve, allowing fluid to flow in a specific direction while blocking fluid flow in the opposite direction. This invention controls the flow rate through a first one-way throttle valve and a second one-way throttle valve. When the bucket cylinder or boom cylinder experiences excessive speed, the flow rate is controlled to regulate the speed, preventing the bucket and boom from moving too fast, thereby avoiding the violent shocks and bounces caused by excessive speed and preventing the vehicle from losing balance.

[0038] The device allows the working device to fall smoothly and quickly without causing the vehicle to vibrate or bounce, reducing impact damage to major components such as the front and rear drive axles, transmission, and articulations. Impact damage can occur to all parts of the vehicle, thus improving driving comfort.

[0039] The first, second, and third oil pumps are interconnected at one end, and their connection points are connected to the first filter, which is in turn connected to the oil tank. The oil pumps pump hydraulic oil to the directional valve and then to the oil cylinder; the first filter filters the hydraulic oil to prevent impurities from entering.

[0040] The first hydraulic pump provides power, specifically pressurized hydraulic oil, to the working devices, namely the boom cylinder and bucket cylinder. According to Pascal's law, these cylinders drive the boom and bucket to perform predetermined actions and achieve specific functions. The second hydraulic pump supplies oil to the steering cylinder, and the third hydraulic pump supplies oil to the hydraulic control valve. The multi-way valve switching in the diagram is achieved by the third hydraulic pump supplying oil to the pilot control valve, which in turn supplies oil to the multi-way valve, thus driving the multi-way valve to switch positions.

[0041] A relief valve is installed on one side of the first oil pump. One end of the relief valve is connected to the other end of the first oil pump, and the other end is connected to the oil tank. The relief valve plays a safety protection role in the system. When the system pressure exceeds the specified value, the safety valve opens, releasing some of the gas in the system into the atmosphere, ensuring that the system pressure does not exceed the allowable value, thereby preventing accidents caused by excessive pressure.

[0042] The other end of the second oil pump is connected to one end of a priority valve, and the other end of the priority valve is connected to a directional valve assembly. A priority valve is a device used to regulate flow, primarily controlling the flow of two or more components. Essentially, it's similar to a hydraulic speed control valve, preferentially allocating a portion of the oil pump output to a specific oil circuit, regardless of the operating pressure of that circuit. The remaining pressurized oil is then redistributed to other oil circuits in the hydraulic system.

[0043] The relief valve is a pressure-maintaining valve that protects the system from pressure fluctuations. When the system pressure exceeds the set pressure of the relief valve, the relief valve's drain port will open, ensuring the system remains at the set pressure. The relief valve protects the pump from pressure loss and prevents overpressure damage to pipelines, valves, and actuators.

[0044] The priority valve's function is to prioritize steering. In other words, when the hydraulic pump's oil supply is insufficient for steering, it will stop supplying oil to the multi-way valve to ensure the steering cylinder can turn.

[0045] like Figure 2 The diagram shows the control system and steering system of the hydraulic system of this invention. The control system and steering system are existing structures. The control system is the system that provides the power source to the hydraulic control valve. The steering system is that the priority valve supplies hydraulic fluid to the steering gear. When there is no steering action, the priority valve supplies hydraulic fluid to the multi-way valve. When steering is required, it prioritizes supplying hydraulic fluid to the steering gear.

[0046] A radiator is installed on one side of the third oil pump. One end of the radiator is connected to one end of the second filter, and the other end of the second filter is connected to the oil tank. The other end of the radiator is connected to the reversing valve assembly. The radiator is used for heat dissipation to prevent the hydraulic oil in the system pipeline from overheating.

[0047] Example 2:

[0048] A hydraulic system for a loader boom and bucket includes the following steps:

[0049] When the bucket is raised, the oil outlet of the third oil pump enters the rodless chamber of the bucket cylinder through the left valve position of the second reversing valve and then through the second one-way throttle valve, pushing the piston rod to move to the right. The oil in the rod chamber of the bucket cylinder returns to the oil tank through the second reversing valve.

[0050] When the bucket is unloading, the oil outlet of the third oil pump enters the rod chamber of the bucket cylinder through the right valve position of the second reversing valve and then through the second one-way throttle valve, pushing the piston rod to move to the left. The rodless chamber of the bucket cylinder returns oil. If the bucket is moving too fast at this time, the oil in the rodless chamber passes through the second one-way throttle valve. The valve core of the throttle valve moves, reducing the outlet area of ​​the oil, causing back pressure in the bucket cylinder, which in turn slows down the descent of the bucket.

[0051] If the boom cylinder moves too fast when the boom is falling, the first one-way throttle valve in the rodless chamber will reduce the flow area of ​​its oil outlet, thus slowing down the boom speed.

[0052] The boom speed is slowed down by the valve core structure of the one-way throttle valve. When ascending, the valve core of the one-way throttle valve will not obstruct the flow of oil. However, when the descending speed reaches overspeed, the oil pressure will be higher than the preset force of the valve core spring, which will push the valve core upward and downward. The downward pressure of the valve core will block the oil port on the valve core, allowing only a part of the orifice to flow. This will generate a certain back pressure, or thrust, when the oil returns from the rodless chamber, to prevent the piston rod from falling back.

[0053] While the specific embodiments of the present invention have been described above in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, this is not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that various modifications or variations that can be made by those skilled in the art without creative effort based on the technical solutions of the present invention are still within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A hydraulic system for a loader boom and bucket, characterized in that, It includes a boom cylinder, a bucket cylinder, and a directional valve assembly. The directional valve assembly includes a first directional valve, a second directional valve, and a third directional valve, which are connected by a pipeline. One end of the boom cylinder is connected to one end of the first one-way throttle valve, and the other end of the first one-way throttle valve is connected to the first directional valve; one end of the bucket cylinder is connected to one end of the second one-way throttle valve, and the other end of the second one-way throttle valve is connected to the second directional valve; one end of the second directional valve is connected to one end of the third directional valve, and the other end of the third directional valve is connected to the third oil pump; one end of the third oil pump is equipped with a second oil pump, and one end of the second oil pump is equipped with a first oil pump. One end of the first oil pump, the second oil pump, and the third oil pump are connected to each other. The connection points of the first oil pump, the second oil pump, and the third oil pump are connected to the first filter. The first filter is connected to the oil tank.

2. A hydraulic system for a loader boom and bucket as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The boom cylinder includes a first boom cylinder and a second boom cylinder, which are connected by a pipeline.

3. A hydraulic system for a loader boom and bucket as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The first boom cylinder is connected to the first one-way throttle valve, the first one-way throttle valve is connected to the first directional valve, and the second boom cylinder is connected to the first directional valve.

4. A hydraulic system for a loader boom and bucket as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The bucket cylinder includes a first bucket cylinder and a second bucket cylinder, which are connected by a pipe.

5. A hydraulic system for a loader boom and bucket as described in claim 4, characterized in that, The first bucket cylinder is connected to the second one-way throttle valve, the second one-way throttle valve is connected to the second reversing valve, and the second bucket cylinder is connected to the second reversing valve.

6. A hydraulic system for a loader boom and bucket as described in claim 1, characterized in that, An overflow valve is provided on one side of the first oil pump. One end of the overflow valve is connected to the other end of the first oil pump, and the other end of the overflow valve is connected to the oil tank.

7. A hydraulic system for a loader boom and bucket as described in claim 6, characterized in that, The other end of the second oil pump is connected to one end of the priority valve, and the other end of the priority valve is connected to the reversing valve group.

8. A hydraulic system for a loader boom and bucket as described in claim 7, characterized in that, A radiator is installed on one side of the third oil pump. One end of the radiator is connected to one end of the second filter, and the other end of the second filter is connected to the oil tank. The other end of the radiator is connected to the reversing valve assembly.

9. A hydraulic system for a loader boom and bucket as described in any one of claims 1-8, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: When the bucket is raised, the oil outlet of the third oil pump enters the rodless chamber of the bucket cylinder through the left valve position of the second reversing valve and then through the second one-way throttle valve, pushing the piston rod to move to the right. The oil in the rod chamber of the bucket cylinder returns to the oil tank through the second reversing valve. When the bucket is unloading, the oil outlet of the third oil pump enters the rod chamber of the bucket cylinder through the right valve position of the second reversing valve and then through the second one-way throttle valve, pushing the piston rod to move to the left. The rodless chamber of the bucket cylinder returns oil. If the bucket is moving too fast at this time, the oil in the rodless chamber passes through the second one-way throttle valve. The valve core of the throttle valve moves, reducing the outlet area of ​​the oil, causing back pressure in the bucket cylinder, which in turn slows down the descent of the bucket. If the boom cylinder moves too fast when the boom is falling, the first one-way throttle valve in the rodless chamber will reduce the flow area of ​​its oil outlet, thus slowing down the boom speed.

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