A variable-torque turbodrill

Abstract

The present invention relates to the technical field of drill tools, and provides a variable-torque turbo drill. The main structure includes a turbine section and a speed-changing section. The turbine stator and the turbine rotor are cooperatively installed on the turbine shaft, and the turbine section outputs speed and torque. The speed-changing section changes the output of torque and speed according to different working conditions. By the movement of the protruding part of the rotating disc on the ring cam, the axial displacement of the speed-changing shaft is changed, so as to achieve the purpose of switching different torques and speeds.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of drilling equipment, and particularly to a variable-torque turbo drill. Background Art

[0002] A turbo drill is a downhole power drilling tool used in oil and gas drilling operations. Its working principle is to utilize the kinetic energy of drilling fluid to drive a turbo motor, thereby generating a certain torque to drive the drill bit for drilling operations. During the drilling process, as the drilling depth increases, there are differences in the hardness of formations at different depths. The variable-torque turbo drill focuses on high-efficiency torque output in its design. When drilling in relatively soft formations, the turbo drill outputs a high rotational speed for drilling. When drilling in hard formations, the turbo drill outputs a low rotational speed and high torque power, thereby improving the drilling efficiency.

[0003] Existing turbo drills have a single function and are mainly divided into two types. One is to break rocks at a high rotational speed, which may cause the drill to stop rotating under overload conditions; the other is a low-speed turbo, and this type of turbo drill will reduce the working efficiency. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a variable-torque turbo drill to improve the drilling efficiency.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the technical solution of the present invention is as follows:

[0006] The variable-torque turbo drill includes a turbine shaft, an upper bearing of the turbine section, a turbine stator, a turbine rotor, a turbine sleeve, an upper sealing ring, a lower bearing of the turbine section, an upper sealing ring, a connecting sleeve, a compression spring a, a flat key a, a connecting shaft, a torsion spring, a locking short section a (end cover a, locking outer cylinder a, friction block, compression spring b), a rotating disc bearing, a rotating disc, an annular cam, a locking short section (cam block, locking outer cylinder b, compression spring c, displacement block b) b, a thrust bearing a, a baffle, a speed-changing shaft, a thrust bearing b, a planetary reducer (outer gear ring, planetary gear, sun gear), a synchronizing ring a, a speed-changing ring, a wedge key, a synchronizing ring b, an output shaft, a flat key b, a drill bit connecting shaft, a lower sealing ring, a lower sleeve, and a lower sealing ring.

[0007] The turbine section includes a turbine sleeve, a turbine shaft, an upper bearing of the turbine section, a turbine stator, a turbine rotor, an upper sealing ring, a lower bearing of the turbine section, and an upper sealing ring;

[0008] The speed-changing section includes a connecting sleeve, a compression spring a, a flat key a, a connecting shaft, a torsion spring, a locking short section a, a rotating disc bearing, a rotating disc, an annular cam, a locking short section b, a thrust bearing a, a baffle, a speed-changing shaft, a thrust bearing b, a planetary reducer, a synchronizing ring a, a speed-changing ring, a wedge key, a synchronizing ring b, and an output shaft;

[0009] The output section includes a drill bit connecting shaft, a lower sealing ring, a lower sleeve, a lower sealing gasket, and a flat key b;

[0010] The turbine sleeve, the upper sealing gasket, the connecting sleeve, the lower sealing gasket, and the lower sleeve are connected in sequence; the turbine shaft and the connecting shaft a are connected by flat keys in sequence, with a compression spring a placed in between; the connecting shaft and the transmission shaft are connected by torsion springs in sequence; the transmission shaft and the transmission ring are connected by a wedge key; the transmission shaft and the output shaft are connected through the cooperation of a synchronizing ring and the transmission ring; the output shaft and the drill bit connecting shaft are connected by a flat key;

[0011] The turbine sleeve and the connecting sleeve are connected by threads, with an upper sealing gasket placed in between; the connecting sleeve and the lower sleeve are connected by threads, with an upper sealing gasket placed in between to prevent the overflow of drilling fluid;

[0012] The pores of the connecting sleeve are connected to the pores of the lower sleeve, and the drilling fluid flows into the pores of the drill bit connecting shaft through the pores of the lower sleeve and then flows out through the drill bit connecting shaft.

[0013] Further, the turbine stator and the turbine sleeve are in interference fit;

[0014] Further, the turbine stators and the turbine rotors are arranged alternately, and the turbine stators and the turbine rotors do not come into direct contact. After the turbine stator causes the liquid to impact the rotor in a certain direction and speed, it enters the next set of stator and rotor, repeating the above process in sequence until reaching the last set of turbine stator and rotor. In this process, the rotor converts the kinetic energy of the liquid into mechanical energy to drive the drill bit to rotate and break the formation;

[0015] Further, the upper bearing and the lower bearing of the turbine section support the turbine shaft and are fixed by shoulders. Each bearing also needs to be well sealed to prevent the drilling fluid from entering and aggravating the wear. While ensuring that the turbine shaft does not eccentrically rotate during rotation, each bearing also needs to bear a certain axial load;

[0016] Further, the turbine shaft and the connecting shaft are connected by a flat key to transmit torque. The upper sealing ring is used for sealing to prevent the drilling fluid from entering the transmission section, and the drilling fluid flows into the lower sleeve through the pores in the middle of the transmission sleeve;

[0017] Furthermore, a compression spring is placed between the turbine shaft and the connecting shaft, and there is also a certain gap for the displacement generated during the gear shifting of the transmission section;

[0018] Further, the connecting shaft and the transmission shaft are connected by a torsion spring to generate a certain circumferential displacement and transmit torque. A locking stub a is installed inside the connecting shaft for connecting the rotating disk during gear shifting;

[0019] Further, there is a certain gap between the rotating disc and the connecting shaft, and they are connected by a locking sub-joint a during connection. The rotating disc is fixed on the inner wall of the connecting sleeve through a rotating disc bearing. The rotating disc bearing is fixed by a shaft shoulder;

[0020] Further, the ring cam is fixed on the inner wall of the connecting sleeve through a locking sub-joint b. A thrust bearing is placed between the ring cam and the baffle plate to bear the axial load and ensure the normal rotation of the ring cam;

[0021] Further, the baffle plate is threadedly connected to the inner wall of the connecting sleeve for positioning and bearing the axial load;

[0022] Further, the left side of the sun gear of the planetary reducer is fixed to the thrust bearing b to bear the axial load and ensure the normal rotation of the sun gear. The right side of the sun gear of the planetary reducer is fixedly welded to the synchronizing ring a to ensure that the torque output by the transmission shaft is transmitted to the sun gear. There is no connection between the sun gear of the planetary reducer and the transmission shaft, and there is a certain gap;

[0023] Further, the speed change ring is connected to the transmission shaft by a wedge key, which can transmit torque and bear the axial load generated during speed change;

[0024] Further, the synchronizing ring b is welded to the output shaft to transmit the torque output by the transmission shaft to the output shaft;

[0025] Further, the drill bit connecting shaft is connected to the output shaft by a flat key. The lower sealing ring is located at the adjacent position of the drill bit connecting shaft and the lower sleeve to block the drilling fluid from entering the speed change part.

[0026] The present invention has achieved the following technical effects compared with the prior art:

[0027] The variable-torque turbodrill in the present invention mainly includes two parts: a turbine section and a speed change section. Among them, in the turbine section, through the tangential jet action of multiple turbine rotors, high-speed mechanical energy with a certain torque can be output;

[0028] Different from traditional turbodrills, the present invention can change the gear through the speed change section, enabling the drill bit to flexibly change the torque and rotational speed according to the formation characteristics, thereby improving the drilling efficiency and reducing the cost. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0029] In order to clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention and the specific working principles. The following will briefly introduce the drawings required for use in the embodiments:

[0030] Figure 1 It is a schematic structural diagram of the variable-torque turbodrill of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 2This is a schematic structural diagram of the turbine stator blades and turbine rotor blades in the variable-torque turbo drill of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 3 This is a schematic structural diagram of the locking sub-section a in the variable-torque turbo drill of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 4 This is a schematic structural diagram of the variable-speed shaft in the variable-torque turbo drill of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 5 This is a schematic structural diagram of the rotating disk in the variable-torque turbo drill of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 6 This is a schematic structural diagram of the circular cam in the variable-torque turbo drill of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 7 This is a schematic structural diagram of the synchronizing ring in the variable-torque turbo drill of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 8 This is a schematic structural diagram of the variable-speed ring in the variable-torque turbo drill of the present invention.

[0038] Explanation of reference numerals: 1. Upper bearing of the turbine section; 2. Turbine shaft; 3. Turbine sleeve; 4. Turbine stator; 5. Lower bearing of the turbine section; 6. Turbine rotor; 7. Compression spring a; 8. Upper sealing ring; 9. Flat key a; 10. Connecting shaft; 11. Torsion spring; 12. Upper sealing ring; 13. Rotating disk; 14. Rotating disk bearing; 15. Locking sub-section b; 1501. Displacement block; 1502. Locking sleeve b; 1503. Compression spring c; 1504. Cam block; 16. Locking sub-section a; 1601. Friction block; 1602. Locking outer cylinder a; 1603. Compression spring b; 1604. End cover a; 17. Variable-speed shaft; 18. Thrust bearing a; 19. Circular cam; 20. Thrust bearing b; 21. Baffle; 22. Connecting sleeve; 23. Planetary reducer; 24. Variable-speed ring; 25. Synchronizing ring a; 26. Output shaft; 27. Wedge key; 28. Flat key b; 29. Synchronizing ring b; 30. Drill bit connecting shaft; 31. Lower sealing ring; 32. Lower sleeve; 33. Lower sealing ring. Detailed implementation manners

[0039] Next, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without making creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0040] As Figure 1As shown in the figure, this embodiment provides a variable-torque turbo drill. The torque generated by the turbine section is input to the speed-changing section through the connecting shaft 10 for output. Among them, at the connection between the turbine shaft 2 and the connecting shaft 10, a compression spring a is installed, and there is a certain gap for the axial displacement generated when changing the torque. The turbine shaft 2 and the connecting shaft 10 are connected by a flat key a and transmit torque. The upper sealing ring 12 is located between the turbine shaft 2 and the connecting sleeve 22 to prevent drilling fluid from flowing into the speed-changing section;

[0041] At the connection between the connecting shaft 10 and the speed-changing shaft 17, a torsion spring 11 is installed to connect the two shafts, transmit torque, and also change the relative displacement of the two shafts, thereby driving the locking stub a16 to contact the rotating disk 13, and further causing the rotating disk 13 and the ring cam 19 to generate axial displacement, thereby pushing the speed-changing ring 24 to be connected with the synchronizing ring a25, and changing the output torque through the planetary reducer 23, so as to achieve the purpose of changing the torque;

[0042] The speed-changing shaft 17 is matched with the synchronizing ring a25 or the synchronizing ring b29 through the speed-changing ring 24 and is connected to the output shaft 26. When the speed-changing ring 24 is matched with the left synchronizing ring a25, it reaches the output shaft through the planetary reducer 23, and outputs a low speed and large torque; when the speed-changing ring 24 is matched with the right synchronizing ring b29, it outputs a high speed and small torque;

[0043] The output shaft 26 and the drill bit connecting shaft 30 are connected by a flat key b28 and transmit torque. The lower sealing ring 33 is located adjacent to the drill bit connecting shaft 30 and the lower sleeve 32 to prevent drilling fluid from entering the speed-changing section.

[0044] After the drilling fluid impacts the turbine rotor through the turbine stator 4 in a certain direction and speed (as shown in the figure) to generate the torque that drives the turbine shaft 2 to rotate, it flows into the pores of the connecting sleeve 22 from the lower part of the turbine sleeve 3. The connecting sleeve 22 is provided with 4 equally spaced pores for transporting the drilling fluid. The turbine sleeve 3 and the connecting sleeve 22 are connected by threads, and an upper sealing ring 8 is placed to prevent the drilling fluid from overflowing; Figure 2 The lower sleeve 32 and the connecting sleeve 22 are connected by threads, and a lower sealing ring 31 is placed to prevent the drilling fluid from overflowing. There are 4 pores inside the lower sleeve 32, and the drilling fluid flows into the drill bit connecting shaft 30 through the flow channel of the lower sleeve 32, thereby outputting the drilling fluid.

[0045] The lower sleeve 32 and the connecting sleeve 22 are connected by threads, and a lower sealing ring 31 is placed to prevent the drilling fluid from overflowing. There are 4 pores inside the lower sleeve 32, and the drilling fluid flows into the drill bit connecting shaft 30 through the flow channel of the lower sleeve 32, thereby outputting the drilling fluid.

[0046] Next, the specific working principle of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention:

[0047] When the external formation is relatively soft, the resistance encountered by the drill bit in breaking rock is less than or equal to the force output by the turbo drill. There is no need to output a large torque speed, and the drill bit can perform high-speed cutting to improve the drilling efficiency. Please refer to Figure 1, The specific implementation technology is as follows: The torque is transmitted to the connecting shaft 10 through the turbine shaft 2. At this time, the compression spring a is not in the working state, without compression, and there is a certain compression space between the turbine shaft 2 and the connecting shaft 10. There is a certain gap between the rotating disk 13 and the connecting shaft 10, and there is no fit;

[0048] The torsion spring 11 between the connecting shaft 10 and the transmission shaft 17 only plays the role of transmitting torque. Because the torque transmitted by the connecting shaft 10 is not enough to cause the torsion spring 11 to deform, the connecting shaft 11 and the transmission shaft 17 cannot produce relative displacement, and the locking sub-joint a16 cannot work;

[0049] At this time, the ring cam 19 is connected to the connecting sleeve 22 through the locking sub-joint b15. Please refer to Figure 6 , The protruding part of the displacement block b1501 is embedded in the recessed part of the inner wall of the connecting sleeve 22, thereby fixing the ring cam 19;

[0050] There is a gap between the sun gear and the transmission shaft 17 in the planetary reducer 23, and there is no fit. The synchronizing ring b29 is welded to the output shaft 26. Please refer to Figure 7 and Figure 8 , At this time, the transmission ring 24 cooperates with the synchronizing ring b29. The transmission ring 24 is connected to the transmission shaft 17 through the wedge key 27, and the torque is transmitted from the transmission shaft 17 to the output shaft 26 to achieve high-speed torque output.

[0051] When the drill bit drills in hard strata, the resistance of the drill bit breaking rock is greater than the force output by the turbodrill. The torque required by the drill bit increases. At this time, the torque output by the turbine shaft 2 is sufficient to cause the torsion spring 11 to deform, causing the connecting shaft 10 and the transmission shaft 17 to produce circumferential displacement. Please refer to Figure 3 and Figure 4 . Irregular protrusions are machined on the transmission shaft 17. When the two shafts produce a certain relative displacement, these protrusions move to the lower part of the locking sub-joint a16, causing the friction block 1601 to protrude outwards and contact the rotating disk 13, driving it to rotate. The connecting shaft 10 and the locking sub-joint a16 are fixed by threaded connection;

[0052] Please refer to Figure 5 , The protruding part on the rotating disk 13 rotates and moves to the highest point of the ring cam 19 to produce axial displacement. Please refer to Figure 6 , There is a block at the highest point of the ring cam 19. After the protruding part of the rotating disk 13 moves to the cam block 1503 and encounters a block, it drives the cam block 1503 to make a circumferential movement. The cam block 1503 moves to the right, causing the compression spring c1504 to be compressed to the right, driving the displacement block 1501 to move downwards, canceling the connection with the connecting sleeve 22 and driving the entire ring cam 19 to rotate;

[0053] When the rotating disk 13 moves to the highest point of the ring cam 19, an axial displacement will occur, which will cause the speed change ring 24 to disengage from the connection with the synchronizing ring b29 and move leftward to connect with the synchronizing ring a25. For the specific structure of the synchronizing ring a25, please refer to Figure 7 . At the same time, due to the leftward axial displacement generated between the connecting shaft 10 and the speed change shaft 17, the compression spring a will be compressed, and there is enough compression space at the connection between the connecting shaft 10 and the turbine shaft 2 to accommodate the axial displacement generated during gear shifting;

[0054] The synchronizing ring a25 is connected to the sun gear in the planetary reducer 23 by welding, so as to transmit the torque to the planetary reducer 23, reduce the speed and output a large torque to the output shaft 26 to achieve the purpose of outputting a large torque.

[0055] When the drill bit resumes drilling in the soft formation, the resistance received by the drill bit for rock breaking is less than or equal to the force output by the turbodrill. The torque required by the drill bit decreases, so that the torsion spring 11 at the connecting shaft 10 resumes deformation, and the relative circumferential displacement between the connecting shaft 10 and the speed change shaft 17 disappears. The convex part of the speed change shaft 17 loses contact with the friction block 1601 in the locking sub-joint a16. The compression spring b1604 resumes deformation to make the friction block 1601 lose contact with the rotating disk 13. The compression spring c1503 on the ring cam 19 resumes deformation, causing the displacement block 1503 to move leftward and push the displacement block 1501 upward to contact the inner wall of the connecting sleeve 22 again and be fixed;

[0056] Since the locking sub-joint a16 does not contact the rotating disk 13, the connecting shaft 10 and the rotating disk 13 are not connected. The compression spring a7 resumes deformation and pushes the connecting shaft 10 and the speed change shaft 17 to move rightward. At this time, the speed change ring 24 is reconnected to the synchronizing ring b29 and returns to the high-speed and low-torque state again to drive the drill bit to drill at high speed.

[0057] It should be noted that for those skilled in the art, it is obvious that the present invention is not limited to the details of the above exemplary embodiments, and the present invention can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or basic characteristics of the present invention. Therefore, from any point of view, the embodiments should be regarded as exemplary and non-limiting. The scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the above description. Therefore, all changes falling within the meaning and scope of the equivalent elements of the claims are intended to be included in the present invention, and any reference signs in the claims should not be regarded as limiting the claimed rights.

[0058] In this specification, specific examples are used to illustrate the principles and implementation manners of the present invention. The description of the above embodiments is only used to help understand the method and its core idea of the present invention; at the same time, for those of ordinary skill in the art, according to the idea of the present invention, there will be changes in the specific implementation manners and application scopes. In summary, the content of this specification should not be construed as a limitation to the present invention.

Claims

1. A variable-torque turbo drill, comprising a turbine section, a speed-changing section and an output section: The turbine section includes an upper bearing (1) of the turbine section, a turbine shaft (2), a turbine sleeve (3), a turbine stator (4), a lower bearing (5) of the turbine section, a turbine rotor (6), an upper sealing ring (8), and an upper sealing collar (12); The speed-changing section includes a connecting compression spring a (7), a flat key a (9), a connecting shaft (10), a torsion spring (11), a rotating disc (13), a rotating disc bearing (14), a locking short section b (15), a displacement block (1501), a locking sleeve b (1502), a compression spring c (1503), a cam block (1504), a locking short section a (16), a friction block (1601), a locking outer cylinder a (1602), a compression spring b (1603), an end cap a (1604), a speed-changing shaft (17), a thrust bearing a (18), an annular cam (19), a thrust bearing b (20), a baffle (21), a connecting sleeve (22), a planetary reducer (23), a speed-changing ring (24), a synchronizing ring a (25), an output shaft (26), a wedge key (27), and a synchronizing ring b (29); The output section includes a flat key b (28), a drill bit connecting shaft (30), a lower sealing ring (31), a lower sleeve (32), and a lower sealing collar (33); It is characterized in that: The turbine stator (4) and the turbine rotor (6) generate torque through the flushing of drilling fluid, and the torque is output from the turbine shaft (2) to the connecting shaft (10); When the drill bit drills in a soft formation, the torque required by the drill bit is less than or equal to the output torque of the turbo drill. At this time, the force transmitted from the connecting shaft (10) to the speed-changing shaft (17) is small and is not sufficient to deform the torsion spring (11) located between the two. The torsion spring (11) only serves to transmit torque; the compression spring a (7) between the turbine shaft (2) and the connecting shaft (10) is not compressed. The speed-changing ring (24) on the speed-changing shaft (17) cooperates with the synchronizing ring b (29) connected to the right output shaft to output the torque from the speed-changing shaft (17) to the output shaft (26), and then to the drill bit connecting shaft (30); When the drill bit drills in a hard formation, the torque required by the drill bit is greater than the output torque of the turbodrill. At this time, the force transmitted to the transmission shaft (17) through the connecting shaft (10) becomes larger, causing the torsion spring (11) located between the two to deform, resulting in corresponding circumferential displacements of the connecting shaft (10) and the transmission shaft (17). This causes the raised part on the transmission shaft (17) to move below the locking stub a (16) on the connecting shaft (10), contact the friction block (1601) and generate an upward displacement, causing the friction block (1601) to contact and drive the rotation disk (13) to rotate. This causes the protruding part on the rotation disk (13) to move to the highest point of the ring cam (19). The cam block (1504) located on the ring cam (19) can move circumferentially. The force acting on the cam block (1504) causes the displacement block (1501) in the locking stub b (15) on the ring cam (19) to disengage from the inner wall of the connecting sleeve (22). At the same time, the relative movement between the rotation disk (13) and the ring cam (19) generates a circumferential displacement to the left, causing the transmission ring (24) to disengage from the synchronizing ring b (29) and contact the synchronizing ring a (25), driving the planetary reducer (23) to operate, thereby outputting a large torque speed; In the locking stub a (16), the friction block (1601) contacts the raised part on the transmission shaft (17), causing the friction block (1601) to move upward and contact the rotation disk (13), driving the rotation disk (13) to rotate; When the friction block (1601) loses contact with the raised part of the transmission shaft (17), the compressed spring b (1603) resumes deformation, causing the friction block (1601) to move downward and disengage from the rotation disk (13); When the ring cam (19) is working, the compression spring c (1503) in the locking stub b (15) is in a compressed state. The cam block (1504) moves to the right, causing the displacement block (1501) to move downward and disengage from the inner wall of the connecting sleeve (22), and the ring cam (19) starts to rotate; when the ring cam (19) is not in the working state, the compression spring c (1503) in the locking stub b (15) resumes deformation, pushing the cam block (1504) to move to the left, thereby driving the displacement block (1501) to move upward and re-contact the inner wall of the connecting sleeve (22), and the ring cam (19) is fixed again.

2. The variable-torque turbodrill according to claim 1, wherein, According to different working conditions, the torque and speed output can be flexibly adjusted through the speed change section to improve the drilling work efficiency.

3. A variable torque turbodrill according to claim 1, characterized in that, The connecting sleeve (22) and the lower sleeve (32) are provided with 4 flow channels with equally spaced distribution, and the drilling fluid flows out through the flow channels to the drill bit connecting shaft (30).

4. A variable torque turbodrill according to claim 1, characterized in that, The rotation disk (13) rotates to the highest point of the ring cam (19), generating an axial displacement to the left, driving the transmission ring (24) to cooperate with the synchronizing ring a (25) to achieve large torque output; The rotation disk bearing (14) is fixed by a shaft shoulder to enable the normal operation and positioning of the rotation disk (13).

5. A variable torque turbodrill according to claim 4, characterized in that, The transmission ring (24) realizes cooperation with the synchronizing ring a (25) or the synchronizing ring b (29) through the axial displacement of the transmission shaft (17), thereby realizing the gear shift; The compression spring a (7) is used for the speed change ring (24) to disengage from the synchronizing ring a (25), and through the axial displacement generated by the restoration of deformation, the speed change ring (24) is engaged with the synchronizing ring b (29).

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