Vertical shaft tunneling system

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of vertical shaft equipment, and particularly provides a vertical shaft tunneling system. The vertical shaft tunneling system comprises a machine frame, a cutterhead, a main drive, a deslagging device and a plurality of torque transmission parts capable of being connected in a front-back rotation stopping mode, one torque transmission part can be connected with the cutterhead in a rotation stopping mode, and the rotation output end of the main drive is connected with a rotation stopping connecting structure capable of being connected with and separated from the torque transmission parts in a rotation stopping mode. A telescopic propelling device used for pushing the main drive to move downwards is connected between the main drive and the rack, the rack is provided with a drill clamping device used for being fixedly connected with the torque transmission component in the step changing process and located below the main drive, the torque transmission component is of a hollow structure, and a slag discharging device can pass through the internal space of the torque transmission component. During construction, main parts are all located outside a well mouth, and the parts located inside the well mouth are simple in structure, convenient to arrange and suitable for construction of small-diameter shallow shafts. When transition is needed, the main driving device and the propelling device can directly transition along with the rack, and the torque transmission component and the cutterhead are recycled in cooperation with the drill clamping device.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of shaft equipment, and in particular relates to a shaft excavation system. Background Art

[0002] Vertical shafts play an important role in the development of underground space. At present, the vertical shaft excavation equipment used in vertical shaft excavation generally includes a main machine with a relatively complex structure. The main machine includes a front shield, on which a main drive is installed. The main drive is connected to a cutterhead, on which a roller or other forms of rock breaking components are installed. Under the action of the main drive, the cutterhead can rotate. In order to provide the cutterhead with a propulsion force for downward excavation, there are two methods in the prior art. One of them is similar to a horizontal excavation pipe jacking machine. The shaft excavation equipment includes a frame or a derrick located at the wellhead when in use, and a propulsion cylinder is installed on the frame. The propulsion cylinder pushes the pipe segment downward to transmit the thrust to the cutterhead, such as the full-section shaft excavation machine used in the shaft excavation method disclosed in the invention patent with authorization announcement number CN111764906B; similar to a horizontal excavation TBM, the shaft excavation equipment includes a support shield, and the support shield is equipped with support shoes that can tighten the shaft wall. A propulsion cylinder is connected between the support shield and the front shield. After the support shoes tighten the cave wall, the propulsion cylinder extends to transmit the thrust to the cutterhead.

[0003] With the continuous advancement of underground space development projects, the vertical shafts in some projects have the characteristics of small diameter, short distance (shallow), and wide distribution, which requires the frequent transfer of vertical shaft excavation equipment. However, most of the components of the existing vertical shaft boring machine are integrated with the main machine. During the construction process, most of the components are located in the hole, occupying a lot of space. It is difficult to reasonably arrange the positions of various equipment in small diameter and short distance vertical shaft projects, and it is also inconvenient when retrieving equipment. Summary of the invention

[0004] The object of the present invention is to provide a shaft boring system to solve the technical problems in the prior art that the shaft boring machine is partially structured in the shaft hole during construction, is difficult to adapt to small diameter shaft projects, and is inconvenient to transfer.

[0005] To achieve the above purpose, the technical solution of the shaft excavation system provided by the present invention is: A shaft excavation system comprises a frame located at the shaft opening when in use, a cutterhead, a plurality of torque transmission components that can be connected to each other in a forward and backward manner, a slag discharge device for discharging slag outward, and a main drive, wherein one section of the torque transmission component can be connected to the cutterhead in a forward and backward manner, a rotation-stop connection structure that can be connected to and separated from the torque transmission component in a forward and backward manner is connected to the rotary output end of the main drive, a telescopic propulsion device for pushing the main drive downward is connected between the main drive and the frame, a drill clamping device that is fixedly connected to the torque transmission component when changing steps and is located below the main drive is provided on the frame, and the torque transmission component is a hollow structure, and the space inside the torque transmission component is provided for the slag discharge device to pass through.

[0006] As a further improvement, the anti-rotation connection structure includes two or more first latch mounting seats arranged at intervals in the circumferential direction, radially movable latches are mounted on the first latch mounting seats, and slots for inserting the latches are provided on the outer periphery of the torque transmission component.

[0007] As a further improvement, the anti-rotation connection structure also includes an axial adjustment seat, which is axially movably mounted on the rotary output end of the main drive, and the first latch mounting seat is mounted on the axial adjustment seat.

[0008] As a further improvement, the drill clamping device comprises two or more second latch mounting seats arranged at intervals in the circumferential direction, and radially movable latch pins are mounted on the second latch mounting seats.

[0009] As a further improvement, the main drive is located above the frame, the lower end of the propulsion device is connected to the frame, and the upper end is connected to the main drive.

[0010] As a further improvement, the propulsion device includes a plurality of propulsion cylinders, both ends of which are connected to the main drive and the frame through a universal hinge structure, and each propulsion cylinder is arranged at a set angle to the vertical axis.

[0011] As a further improvement, a traveling mechanism is provided on the frame, and the traveling mechanism includes a plurality of traveling wheels.

[0012] As a further improvement, the frame is also provided with a plurality of telescopic legs for extending downward to support the frame after the frame is moved into position.

[0013] As a further improvement, the telescopic legs are provided with fixing pins for inserting into the ground when the telescopic legs are extended.

[0014] As a further improvement, ear plates for mutual connection and cooperation are provided at both ends of the torque transmission component, and pin holes for connecting pins to pass through are provided on the ear plates.

[0015] The present invention belongs to the invention creation of element change, and its beneficial effect is: compared with the shaft boring machine in the prior art, the key components of driving the cutter disc to rotate and push downward to break the rock, namely the main drive and the propulsion device, are both arranged on the frame, and follow into the shaft asynchronously. Specifically, the main drive is connected to the torque transmission component through the anti-rotation connection structure, and the torque output by the main drive can be transmitted to the cutter disc through the torque transmission component. The thrust generated by the telescopic movement of the propulsion device can push the main drive to move downward, and is transmitted to the cutter disc through the torque transmission component to achieve rotation and extrusion and rock breaking. The interior of the torque transmission component is a hollow structure, and the slag discharge device can pass through the space inside the torque transmission component to bring out the slag. The structure of the part located in the shaft during the construction of the shaft boring system in the present invention is simple, and it is suitable for the excavation of small diameter and shallow shafts. At the same time, by configuring the drill clamping device, the shaft boring system can realize the recovery of the part located in the shaft by changing the step and lifting the torque transmission component, which is convenient for rapid transfer. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the excavation state of an embodiment of a shaft excavation system in the present invention; Figure 2 for Figure 1 A partial schematic diagram of the wellhead portion; Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of each propulsion cylinder in the embodiment of the shaft excavation system of the present invention; Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the arrangement of various latches in the shaft excavation system embodiment of the present invention.

[0017] Description of reference numerals: 1. Frame; 2. Main drive; 3. Axial cylinder; 4. First radial cylinder; 5. Latch; 6. Propulsion cylinder; 7. Second radial cylinder; 8. Fixing pin; 9. Telescopic legs; 10. Traveling wheel; 11. Torque transmission sleeve; 12. Mud discharge pump; 13. Cutter disc. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0018] In order to provide a shaft excavation system suitable for small diameter, shallow shafts and operations requiring frequent transfer, the basic technical concept of the present invention is to arrange all the related devices for driving the cutter head to rotate, squeeze and break the rock on the frame located at the wellhead, and to connect them in sequence by configuring torque transmission components to transmit the propulsion force and torque to the cutter head, so as to simplify the structure of the components located in the well, and at the same time, to arrange a drill clamping device on the frame that can clamp the drill when lifting and recovering, so as to facilitate the rapid lifting of the components located in the well and facilitate the transfer. The present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the embodiments.

[0019] Specific embodiments of the shaft excavation system provided by the present invention: like Figure 1 and Figure 2As shown, as a basic embodiment, the shaft excavation system includes a frame 1, which is located at the wellhead when in use, and can be made of a steel structure with a set bearing strength. The shaft excavation system also includes a cutterhead 13, on which a tool such as a roller cutter, a scraper, etc. is installed. The shaft excavation system also includes a torque transmission component, which is provided with multiple sections, and the front and rear sections can be connected in sequence to stop rotation. The specific number of sections is not specifically limited in this embodiment, and can be selected according to actual construction conditions. Of course, the shaft excavation system also includes a main drive 2 and a propulsion device. The main drive 2 is located outside the wellhead during construction, and the propulsion device is connected between the main drive 2 and the frame 1. The propulsion device is a telescopic structure as a whole, and the downward movement of its telescopic output end can drive the main drive 2 to move downward. The function of the torque transmission component is to transmit the torque of the torque main drive 2. Therefore, when the torque transmission component is in use, no matter how many sections of the torque transmission components are connected to each other, as a whole, its front end should be connected to the cutterhead 13 to stop rotation, and the rear end should be connected to the main drive 2 to stop rotation. This requires that a section of the torque transmission component can be connected to the cutter head 13 for anti-rotation. At the same time, a anti-rotation connection structure that can be connected and separated from the torque transmission component for anti-rotation is provided on the rotary output end of the main drive 2. The structure of the main drive 2 can refer to the existing shaft boring machine, specifically including a slewing bearing, a drive motor (or a hydraulic motor), a reduction box, etc., which will not be described in detail here.

[0020] The torque transmission component is a hollow structure, and the space inside it is for the slag discharge device configured by the shaft excavation system to pass through. The torque transmission component can specifically be the torque transmission sleeve 11 shown in the figure, and the diameter of the torque transmission sleeve 11 is slightly smaller than the excavation diameter of the cutter head 13, and the interior of the torque transmission sleeve 11 is fully enclosed, so that while ensuring that the torque transmission sleeve 11 has a high strength, the torque transmission sleeve 11 can also play a certain supporting role, and is suitable for use in strata with poor geology. However, it should be noted that in other embodiments, if the geological conditions are good during actual construction, the torque transmission component can also be a hollow structure that is not completely enclosed in the circumferential direction, such as a frame, a cage structure, etc., so that the torque transmission component can be prevented from being too heavy.

[0021] When excavating a vertical shaft, the telescopic output end of the propulsion device moves downward, pushing the main drive 2 to move downward a stroke, and then the connection between the main drive 2 and the torque transmission component is released (separated). The propulsion device pushes the main drive 2 back to its position upward, and then the next section of the torque transmission component is connected, and the main drive 2 and the torque transmission component are connected. The telescopic output end of the propulsion device moves downward, pushing the main drive 2 to move downward a stroke, and the step-changing process is repeated in this way to complete the excavation of the set distance.

[0022] In addition, in this embodiment, the shaft excavation system also includes a drill-clamping device located below the main drive 2. By configuring the drill-clamping device, this embodiment can realize the step-by-step lifting and recovery of the relevant components located in the well. After the excavation task is completed, the propulsion device can be extended and retracted upward to push the main drive 2 to drive the torque transmission component to move upward for a stroke, and then the actuator at the end of the drill-clamping device extends and is fixedly connected to the torque transmission component. At this time, the torque transmission component connected to the drill-clamping device is different from the torque transmission component connected to the main drive 2 through the anti-rotation connection structure. The torque transmission component connected to the drill-clamping device is located below the torque transmission component connected to the main drive 2. At this time, the connection between the main drive 2 and the torque transmission component can be released, and the torque transmission component can be removed. Under the action of the drill-clamping device, other torque transmission components and the cutter head 13 will not fall.

[0023] It should be added that, during the process of step-by-step excavation, when the next section of the torque transmission component is connected, according to the load of the cutter head, before the connection between the main drive 2 and the torque transmission component is released, the actuator at the end of the drill clamping device can be extended in time to prevent the weight of the torque transmission component from acting entirely on the cutter head, causing damage to the cutter head tool. After the torque transmission component is connected, the main drive 2 is connected to the torque transmission component, and then the connection between the drill clamping device and the torque transmission component is released.

[0024] As for the slag discharge device, in this embodiment, Figure 1 As shown, a pumping type slag discharge device consistent with the prior art may be used, that is, a slag discharge device including a slag discharge pump 12 and a slag discharge pipe, wherein the slag discharge pump 12 may be a mud pump, a vacuum pump, etc. However, it should be noted that in other embodiments, the slag discharge device may also be a slag discharge device of the prior art with a lifting type slag discharge tube and a slag grab bucket.

[0025] It can be seen from the analysis that in the present embodiment, the main components are all located outside the wellhead during construction, and the part located inside the wellhead has a simple structure and is convenient to arrange, which is suitable for the construction of small diameter and shallow vertical shafts. When the site needs to be transferred, the main drive 2 and the propulsion device can be directly transferred with the frame 1, and the torque transmission component and the cutter head 13 can be recovered by cooperating with the drill clamping device, which greatly facilitates the transfer operation.

[0026] Considering the stability of the anti-rotation connection between the main drive 2 and the torque transmission component, in a preferred embodiment, Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 4As shown, the anti-rotation connection structure connected to the main drive 2 includes a latch mounting seat, on which a radially movable latch 5 is mounted. For the convenience of the following description, the latch mounting seat here can be defined as a first latch mounting seat, on which a first radial oil cylinder 4 (or a cylinder, an electric cylinder, etc.) is mounted. Under the action of the first radial oil cylinder 4, the latch 5 can move radially. The outer circumference of the torque transmission component is provided with a slot for the latch 5 to be inserted. In order to ensure the strength and stability of the anti-rotation connection, at least two first latch mounting seats should be provided, and they should be arranged at intervals in the circumferential direction. Figure 4 An example is given in which four first latch mounting seats are provided and are evenly distributed in the circumferential direction. However, it should be noted that other embodiments do not exclude the case where there are only two first latch mounting seats.

[0027] Compared with other embodiments using clamps, friction blocks and the like, this method of connecting the main drive 2 and the torque transmission component using a latch structure has higher reliability.

[0028] Of course, in a preferred embodiment, the drill clamping device can also use this latch structure to achieve the fixed connection between it and the torque transmission component. Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, similarly, the drill clamping device should include two or more latch mounting seats arranged at intervals in the circumferential direction, and the latch mounting seat can be defined as a second latch mounting seat. A radially movable latch 5 is also mounted on the second latch mounting seat, and the driving device for driving the latch 5 to move can be a second radial oil cylinder 7 (or a pneumatic cylinder, an electric cylinder, etc.).

[0029] Considering that in some cases, the local hardness of the stratum is different, and the reaction force acting on the cutterhead 13 is also different, in order to accurately control the excavation direction, the direction of the cutterhead 13 is actually controlled by adjusting the propulsion device. Correspondingly, the posture of the torque transmission component will also change. In order to ensure that the main drive 2 can still be connected to the torque transmission component in a non-rotating manner at this time, the latch 5 is configured to be axially movable. Specifically, the non-rotating connection structure also includes an axial adjustment seat, which is axially movable and installed at the rotary output end of the main drive 2. The first latch mounting seat is installed on the axial adjustment seat, and the driving device that drives the axial adjustment seat to move can be an axial cylinder 3.

[0030] Of course, in the case where the excavation direction needs to be fine-tuned, in order to facilitate control and ensure that the propulsion device has a higher stability, in a preferred embodiment, Figure 1-Figure 3 As shown, the propulsion device includes a plurality of propulsion cylinders 6, and the two ends of the propulsion cylinders 6 are respectively connected to the main drive 2 and the frame 1 through a universal joint structure (ball joint, Hook joint, etc.), and each propulsion cylinder 6 is arranged at a set angle with the vertical axis. In this way, a V-shaped propulsion structure is formed, which is more convenient for direction adjustment. The figure shows an example of a case where there are 6 propulsion cylinders 6. In other embodiments, the number of propulsion cylinders 6 can be 4, 5 or more.

[0031] To further facilitate the transition movement, in a more preferred embodiment, as Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the main drive 2 is actually located above the frame 1, which makes the structure of the frame 1 more compact. Specifically, the lower end of the propulsion device is connected to the frame 1, and the upper end is connected to the main drive 2. It should be noted that the comparison here is an embodiment in which the frame 1 is set as a relatively tall frame structure and the main drive 2 is set inside the frame 1.

[0032] In some other preferred embodiments, Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, in consideration of the convenience of transfer, a traveling mechanism is further provided on the frame 1, and the traveling mechanism includes a plurality of traveling wheels 10.

[0033] Further, in order to ensure the support strength of the frame 1 and prevent the running wheels 10 from being subjected to excessive force, the frame 1 is also provided with a plurality of telescopic legs 9, which can extend downward to support the frame 1 after the frame 1 is in place. Specifically, the telescopic legs 9 can be hydraulic legs.

[0034] Furthermore, if Figure 2 As shown, the telescopic legs 9 are provided with fixing pins 8 for inserting into the ground in the extended state. This can further improve the stability of the frame 1 and prevent the frame 1 from sliding to one side.

[0035] In addition, in order to facilitate the connection and disassembly of the torque transmission components, Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, in a preferred embodiment, ear plates for mutual connection and cooperation are provided at both ends of the torque transmission component, and pin holes for connecting pins to pass through are provided on the ear plates, that is, the torque transmission components and the torque transmission components are also connected by a latch structure, and the connecting pins can be inserted / pulled out for connection / removal, which is convenient and quick. Of course, multiple ear plates can also be arranged at circumferential intervals to ensure the connection strength. In this case, ear plates can also be adaptively arranged on the back of the cutter disc 13, which can facilitate the connection between the torque transmission component and the cutter disc 13. Of course, in other embodiments, it is not excluded to adopt other structures to realize the connection between the torque transmission components and the torque transmission components, and the connection between the torque transmission components and the cutter disc 13, such as flange structures.

[0036] Finally, it should be noted that the above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention is described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions recorded in the aforementioned embodiments without creative work, or replace some of the technical features therein with equivalents. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A shaft excavation system, characterized in that: The invention comprises a frame which is located at the mouth of a vertical shaft when in use, a cutterhead, a plurality of torque transmission components which can be connected forward and backward for non-rotation, a slag discharge device for discharging slag outwards and a main drive, wherein one section of the torque transmission component can be non-rotationally connected to the cutterhead, a rotation output end of the main drive is connected to a non-rotation connection structure which can be non-rotationally connected to and separated from the torque transmission component, a telescopic propulsion device for pushing the main drive downward is connected between the main drive and the frame, a drill clamping device which is fixedly connected to the torque transmission component when changing steps and is located below the main drive is provided on the frame, and the torque transmission component is a hollow structure, and the space inside it is for the slag discharge device to pass through.

2. The shaft excavation system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The anti-rotation connection structure comprises more than two first bolt mounting seats arranged at intervals in the circumferential direction, on which a radially movable bolt is mounted, and a slot for inserting the bolt is arranged on the outer circumference of the torque transmission component.

3. The shaft excavation system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The anti-rotation connection structure also includes an axial adjustment seat, which is axially movably mounted on the rotary output end of the main drive, and the first latch mounting seat is mounted on the axial adjustment seat.

4. The shaft excavation system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The drill clamping device comprises more than two second latch mounting seats which are arranged at intervals in the circumferential direction, and the second latch mounting seats are provided with radially movable latches.

5. The shaft excavation system according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The main drive is located above the frame, the lower end of the propulsion device is connected to the frame, and the upper end is connected to the main drive.

6. The shaft excavation system according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The propulsion device includes a plurality of propulsion cylinders, both ends of which are connected to the main drive and the frame through a universal hinge structure, and each propulsion cylinder is arranged at a set angle with the vertical axis.

7. The shaft excavation system according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: A traveling mechanism is arranged on the frame, and the traveling mechanism comprises a plurality of traveling wheels.

8. The shaft excavation system according to claim 7, characterized in that: The rack is also provided with a plurality of telescopic legs for extending downward to support the rack after the rack is moved into position.

9. The shaft excavation system according to claim 8, characterized in that: The telescopic legs are provided with fixing pins which are used for inserting into the ground when the telescopic legs are in the extended state.

10. The shaft excavation system according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: Two ends of the torque transmission component are provided with ear plates for mutual connection and cooperation, and the ear plates are provided with pin holes for connecting pins to pass through.

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