Water turbine with improved runner structure

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of hydroelectric power generation equipment, in particular to a water turbine with an improved runner structure, which comprises an alignment mechanism, a flow guide cavity is fixedly mounted at the bottom end of the alignment mechanism, a discharge pipe is fixedly mounted at the center of the bottom end of the flow guide cavity, and the alignment mechanism comprises a transmission part and a synchronous part. The synchronous part is fixedly installed at the front end of the transmission part, the transmission part comprises a conveying device and a connecting device, the connecting device is fixedly installed at the front end of the top of the conveying device, and the conveying device comprises a water wheel, a concentration cavity, a water inlet pipe and a filter screen. And through the arrangement of the alignment mechanism, the purposes of intermittent cleaning and impurity guiding and drainage of the water turbine are achieved. And the blade is thickened, so that the phenomena of blade crack and block separation caused by unreasonable model selection of the originally designed runner are solved, the efficiency of the unit is not reduced, and the stability of the unit is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of water conservancy power generation equipment, in particular to a water turbine with an improved runner structure. Background Art

[0002] Water turbines are mainly used in hydropower stations and are the core equipment for hydroelectric power generation. With the global emphasis on renewable energy and the growth of energy demand, the importance of hydropower as a clean and renewable energy form has become increasingly prominent. Therefore, water turbines and related technologies are also constantly developing and improving. Water turbines are an important hydraulic prime mover that converts the energy of water flow into rotational mechanical energy, which in turn drives the generator to generate electricity. They are key power equipment in hydropower stations.

[0003] In addition, the turbine selection of small and medium-sized hydropower stations is not reasonable. For example, in a cascade power station, the turbine type is HLA575C-LJ-188. At the beginning of the operation of the power station, the turbine selection was not subject to model experiments, and the parameters of the turbine were obtained by similar conversion. It is inevitable that there are some defects in the hydraulic design of the runner. After the power station was put into operation, the runner blades cracked and fell off many times, affecting the safe production and benefits of the power station.

[0004] At present, when the turbines on the market are running, the filter at the water inlet pipe isolates debris, and there is a lack of cleaning components on the filter surface at the water inlet pipe, which causes debris to accumulate on the filter after a period of use, resulting in poor water inflow. As a result, the existing turbines cannot perform intermittent cleaning and impurity guidance and drainage. Therefore, a device is needed to improve the above problem. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of the problems in the prior art, the present invention provides a water turbine with an improved runner structure. The internal flow field structure, runner rigidity, and runner dynamic characteristics of the HLA575C runner and flow-through components are calculated by using CFD numerical simulation technology combined with finite element analysis, and the runner blades are partially modified and optimized.

[0006] The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve its technical problems is: a water turbine with an improved runner structure, including a positioning mechanism, a guide cavity is fixedly installed at the bottom end of the positioning mechanism, a discharge pipe is fixedly installed at the bottom center of the guide cavity, the positioning mechanism includes a transmission component and a synchronization component, the synchronization component is fixedly installed at the front end of the transmission component, the transmission component includes a transmission device and a connecting device, the connecting device is fixedly installed at the top front end of the transmission device, the transmission device includes a water wheel, a concentration cavity, an inlet pipe and a filter screen, the filter screen is fixedly installed at the front end of the inlet pipe, the inlet pipe is fixedly installed at the front end of the concentration cavity, the water wheel is rotatably installed inside the concentration cavity, a first gear is fixedly installed at the top of the water wheel, a transmission toothed belt is meshed on the outer ring of the first gear, a third gear can be meshed at the inner end of the transmission toothed belt away from the first gear, and a second gear is fixedly installed at the top center of the third gear.

[0007] Specifically, the connecting device includes a supporting vertical frame and a fourth gear, the fourth gear is rotatably mounted on the top of the supporting vertical frame, a winding wheel is fixedly mounted on the top of the fourth gear, a connecting rope is fixedly mounted on the outer ring of the winding wheel, and a guide wheel is rotatably mounted on the front end top of the supporting vertical frame; When the fourth gear is driven by the second gear, the reel can pull the connecting rope at the same time, so that the contact cavity can move upward.

[0008] Specifically, the synchronization component includes a displacement device and a positioning device, and the displacement device is slidably sleeved on the front end of the positioning device.

[0009] Specifically, the displacement device includes a contact cavity, a sleeve plate, a special-shaped pipe and an extension bracket, wherein the extension bracket is fixedly mounted at both ends of the contact cavity, the sleeve plate is symmetrically fixedly mounted on the top of the rear end of the contact cavity, the special-shaped pipe is fixedly mounted at both ends of the contact cavity, and the special-shaped pipe is located below the extension bracket, and a fifth gear is rotatably mounted on one end of the extension bracket away from the contact cavity, a shaft is fixedly mounted on the center of the side end of the fifth gear close to the contact cavity, a spiral blade is fixedly mounted on the outer ring of the shaft, and a first convex rod and a second convex rod are fixedly mounted on the rear end of the extension bracket, and the first convex rod is located above the second convex rod; When the contact cavity is displaced, the fifth gear can be driven to displace on the rack, so that the spiral blade can transport the impurities in the contact cavity to the side end.

[0010] Specifically, the positioning device includes a guide rod, a return spring and a support back plate, the guide rod is symmetrically fixedly installed on the front end of the support back plate, the return spring is fixedly installed on the inner bottom end of the guide rod, the front end of the support back plate is symmetrically fixedly installed with extension cylinders on both sides, a displacement sleeve is slidably sleeved on the extension cylinder, a rack is fixedly installed on the front end of the displacement sleeve, two iron sheets are fixedly installed on the side end of the rack away from the displacement sleeve, support side plates are symmetrically fixedly installed on both sides of the front end of the support back plate, magnetic suction sheets are fixedly installed on the top front end and rear end of the support side plates, and contact rods are fixedly installed on the top and bottom of the rear end of the rack; When the contact cavity is displaced, the second protruding rod or the first protruding rod can be driven to contact the contact rods at the top and bottom of the rear of the rack respectively, so that the rack can be pressed to displace.

[0011] Specifically, the supporting vertical frame is fixedly installed at the top front end of the water inlet pipe, the end of the connecting rope away from the winding wheel is connected to the top of the contact cavity away from the sleeve plate, the sleeve plate is slidably sleeved on the contact rod, and the bottom end of the sleeve plate is connected to the top of the reset spring.

[0012] Specifically, the tooth distribution angle on the second gear is 180°, the water inlet pipe is communicated with the interior of the concentrated cavity, the inner bottom end of the contact cavity is set in a circular tube state, the rear end top of the first protruding rod and the bottom front end of the second protruding rod are both inclined at 45°, and the shaft rod passes through the special-shaped pipe and is connected to the fifth gear.

[0013] Specifically, the special-shaped pipe is interconnected with the interior of the contact cavity, a through hole is opened at the inner center of the supporting rear plate, and the supporting rear plate is fixedly mounted on the outer circle of the water inlet pipe close to the filter screen.

[0014] Specifically, the rear end surface of the contact cavity is flush with the front end surface of the filter screen, the fifth gear is aligned with the front end of the rack, and the iron sheet is horizontally aligned with the magnetic sheet.

[0015] Specifically, the concentrated cavity also includes fan blades, planetary gears, a supporting top frame and a sun gear. The supporting top frame is fixedly installed on the top of the concentrated cavity, the sun gear is rotatably installed on the inner top of the supporting top frame, the planetary gear is rotatably installed on the inner top of the supporting top frame, and the two are distributed in a ring shape. The fan blades are fixedly installed on the bottom end of the planetary gear.

[0016] Beneficial effects of the present invention: First, when the water wheel of the present invention is running, the first gear can drive the second gear to intermittently mesh with the fourth gear, so that the winding wheel can be driven to pull the connecting rope to drive the contact cavity to lift upward. At the same time, when the contact cavity is lifted upward, impurities attached to the surface of the filter can be accumulated in the interior of the contact cavity, and when passing through the surface of the filter upward through the contact cavity, the contact cavity can automatically reset downward, so that the surface of the filter can be intermittently cleaned.

[0017] Secondly, when the contact cavity is displaced upward, the present invention can drive the fifth gear to pass through the surface of the rack, so that the shaft can rotate at the bottom end of the contact cavity, thereby guiding the impurities and water flow inside the contact cavity to the side end. At the same time, through the setting of the special-shaped pipe, impurities can be avoided from being retained near the filter screen, and when the contact cavity is displaced upward to the extreme position, the rack will open a gap with the fifth gear, thereby avoiding the shaft from reversing when the contact cavity moves downward, thereby completing the work of guiding and draining the impurities inside the contact cavity. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] The present invention is further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0019] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the main body of the present invention from the front perspective; Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the alignment mechanism of the present invention from a front perspective; Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the transmission component in the present invention from the front perspective; Figure 4 It is a partial cutaway schematic diagram of the transmission device in the present invention; Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the connecting device of the present invention from the front perspective; Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the synchronization component in the present invention from a front perspective; Figure 7 It is a partial cutaway schematic diagram of the displacement device in the present invention; Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the positioning device in the present invention from a front perspective; Fig. 9 For the present invention Figure 8 A partial enlarged schematic diagram in the middle; Fig.10 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the second embodiment of the concentrated cavity in the present invention from the front perspective; Fig.11 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the water wheel in the present invention; Fig.12 The flow velocity distribution diagram of the turbine outlet in the present invention; Fig.13 is a blade load distribution diagram of the water wheel in the present invention; Fig.14 This is a diagram showing the pressure distribution of the front blades of the water wheel in the present invention; Fig.15 This is a diagram of the pressure distribution of the blades on the back of the water wheel in the present invention; Fig.16 It is a schematic diagram of the internal flow field of the water wheel in the present invention; Fig.17 A schematic diagram of the reinforcement position of a turbine blade provided by an embodiment of the present invention; Fig.18 A schematic diagram showing a comparison of a turbine blade before and after modification provided by an embodiment of the present invention; Fig.19 A schematic diagram of adding a triangular block to a turbine outlet crown according to an embodiment of the present invention; Fig. 20 A schematic diagram of adding a triangular block to the lower ring of a turbine outlet provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0020] In the figure: 1-alignment mechanism, 2-diversion cavity, 3-discharge pipe, 4-transmission component, 5-synchronization component, 6-transmission device, 7-connection device, 8-water inlet pipe, 9-central cavity, 10-water wheel, 11-first gear, 12-transmission belt, 13-second gear, 14-third gear, 15-filter screen, 16-support vertical frame, 17-fourth gear, 18-winding wheel, 19-guide wheel, 20-connecting rope, 21-displacement device, 22-positioning device, 23-set plate , 24-extension bracket, 25-first protruding rod, 26-fifth gear, 27-second protruding rod, 28-special-shaped pipe, 29-spiral blade, 30-axis rod, 31-contact cavity, 32-support rear plate, 33-reset spring, 34-contact rod, 35-guide rod, 36-rack, 37-extension cylinder, 38-displacement sleeve, 39-magnetic sheet, 40-iron sheet, 41-support side plate, 42-fan blade, 43-planetary gear, 44-support top frame, 45-stellar gear. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0021] In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the solution of the present application, the technical solution in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present application, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work should fall within the scope of protection of the present application.

[0022] The present invention is further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0023] Example 1 like Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, a water turbine with an improved runner structure of the present invention comprises an alignment mechanism 1, a flow guide cavity 2 is fixedly installed at the bottom end of the alignment mechanism 1, a discharge pipe 3 is fixedly installed at the bottom center of the flow guide cavity 2, the alignment mechanism 1 comprises a transmission component 4 and a synchronization component 5, the synchronization component 5 is fixedly installed at the front end of the transmission component 4, the transmission component 4 comprises a transmission device 6 and a connecting device 7, the connecting device 7 is fixedly installed at the top front end of the transmission device 6, the transmission device 6 comprises a water wheel 10, a concentration cavity 9, a water inlet pipe 8 and a filter screen 15, the filter screen 15 is fixedly installed at the front end of the water inlet pipe 8, the water inlet pipe 8 is fixedly installed at the front end of the concentration cavity 9, the water wheel 10 is rotatably installed inside the concentration cavity 9, a first gear 11 is fixedly installed at the top end of the water wheel 10, a transmission toothed belt 12 is meshed on the outer ring of the first gear 11, a third gear 14 can be meshed at the inner end of the transmission toothed belt 12 away from the first gear 11, and a second gear 13 is fixedly installed at the top center of the third gear 14.

[0024] like Figure 5 The connecting device 7 includes a supporting vertical frame 16 and a fourth gear 17. The fourth gear 17 is rotatably mounted on the top of the supporting vertical frame 16. A winding wheel 18 is fixedly mounted on the top of the fourth gear 17. A connecting rope 20 is fixedly mounted on the outer ring of the winding wheel 18. A guide wheel 19 is rotatably mounted on the top of the front end of the supporting vertical frame 16. When the contact cavity 31 is reset downward, the winding wheel 18 can be driven to rotate and reset by pulling the connecting rope 20. When the fourth gear 17 is driven by the second gear 13 , the reel 18 can pull the connecting rope 20 at the same time, so that the contact cavity 31 can move upward.

[0025] like Figure 6 The synchronization component 5 includes a displacement device 21 and a positioning device 22 , and the displacement device 21 is slidably sleeved on the front end of the positioning device 22 .

[0026] like Figure 7The displacement device 21 includes a contact cavity 31, a sleeve plate 23, a special-shaped pipe 28 and an extension bracket 24. The extension bracket 24 is fixedly installed at both ends of the contact cavity 31. The sleeve plate 23 is symmetrically fixedly installed at the top of the rear end of the contact cavity 31. The special-shaped pipe 28 is fixedly installed at both ends of the contact cavity 31, and the special-shaped pipe 28 is located below the extension bracket 24. The end of the extension bracket 24 away from the contact cavity 31 is rotatably installed with a fifth gear 26. The fifth gear 26 is fixedly installed with a shaft 30 near the center of the side end of the contact cavity 31. The outer ring of the shaft 30 is fixedly installed with a spiral blade 29. The rear end of the extension bracket 24 is fixedly installed with a first protrusion 25 and a second protrusion 27, and the first protrusion 25 is located above the second protrusion 27. The rear end of the contact cavity 31 is flush with the front end surface of the filter screen 15, so that when the contact cavity 31 rises, the impurities at the front end of the filter screen 15 can be scraped into the interior of the contact cavity 31; When the contact cavity 31 is displaced, the fifth gear 26 can be driven to be displaced on the rack 36 , so that the spiral blade 29 can transport the impurities inside the contact cavity 31 to the side end.

[0027] like Figure 8 and Fig. 9 The positioning device 22 includes a guide rod 35, a return spring 33 and a supporting rear plate 32. The guide rod 35 is symmetrically fixedly installed on the front end of the supporting rear plate 32. The return spring 33 is fixedly installed on the inner bottom end of the guide rod 35. Extension cylinders 37 are symmetrically fixedly installed on both sides of the front end of the supporting rear plate 32. A displacement sleeve 38 can be slidably sleeved on the extension cylinder 37. A rack 36 is fixedly installed on the front end of the displacement sleeve 38. Two iron sheets 40 are fixedly installed on the side ends of the rack 36 away from the displacement sleeve 38. Support side plates 41 are symmetrically fixedly installed on both sides of the front end of the supporting rear plate 32. Magnetic suction sheets 39 are fixedly installed on the top front and rear ends of the supporting side plates 41. Contact rods 34 are fixedly installed on the top and bottom of the rear end of the rack 36. The surface of the contact rod 34 is arranged in an arc state, which can improve the contact smoothness between the first convex rod 25 and the second convex rod 27. When the contact cavity 31 is displaced, it can drive the second protruding rod 27 or the first protruding rod 25 to contact the contact rods 34 at the top and bottom of the rear of the rack 36 respectively, so that the rack 36 can be pressed to displace.

[0028] The support vertical frame 16 is fixedly installed at the top front end of the water inlet pipe 8, the end of the connecting rope 20 away from the winding wheel 18 is connected to the top of the contact cavity 31 away from the sleeve 23, the sleeve 23 is slidably sleeved on the contact rod 34, the bottom end of the sleeve 23 is connected to the top of the reset spring 33, the tooth distribution angle on the second gear 13 is 180°, the water inlet pipe 8 is interconnected with the interior of the concentrated cavity 9, the bottom end of the interior of the contact cavity 31 is set in a round tube state, the top of the rear end of the first convex rod 25 and the top of the second convex rod 25 are connected to the top of the second convex rod 25. The bottom front ends of the two protruding rods 27 are both inclined at 45 degrees, the shaft rod 30 passes through the special-shaped pipe 28 and is connected to the fifth gear 26, the special-shaped pipe 28 is interconnected with the inside of the contact cavity 31, a through hole is opened in the inner center of the supporting rear plate 32, the supporting rear plate 32 is fixedly installed on the outer ring of the water inlet pipe 8 close to the filter screen 15, the rear end surface of the contact cavity 31 is flush with the front end surface of the filter screen 15, the fifth gear 26 is aligned with the front end of the rack 36, and the iron sheet 40 is horizontally aligned with the magnetic sheet 39; like Fig.11 As shown, the modified water wheel adopts a cast-welded structure, consisting of an upper crown, a lower ring and 16 blades. The new blades are cast by VOD and locally optimized by CFD+FEA. The new blade material is ZG04Cr16Ni5Mo martensitic low-carbon stainless steel, which has the advantages of high cavitation resistance and good wear resistance.

[0029] The upper crown is a cone, similar in shape to the original water wheel upper crown, with the same outer diameter as the original water wheel, to ensure matching with the inner hole of the top cover. The screw holes, distribution circle and keyway of the main shaft matching surface are consistent with the original runner, ensuring no problem in connecting with the main shaft, and it comes with a drain cone, with a simple structure, easy processing and installation.

[0030] The lower ring is a torus, and its shape is similar to that of the original runner lower ring, and its outer diameter is the same as that of the original runner lower ring, ensuring that it matches the inner hole of the original bottom ring; Fig.12 and Fig.13 The flow velocity distribution diagram and blade load distribution diagram of the turbine outlet are shown in Figure 2. The flow velocity and blade load of the turbine after the transformation show that the flow velocity is increased and the workload is greater than that of the original turbine. Fig.14 and Fig.15 The pressure distribution diagram of the front and back of the water wheel blade. It can be seen from the modified water wheel that the stability of the load-bearing on both the front and back of the blade is enhanced, which improves the durability of the blade. Fig.16 This is a diagram of the flow field inside the water wheel. It can be clearly seen from the diagram that the internal flow field has enhanced efficiency.

[0031] Fig.17 and Fig.18 , a schematic diagram of the reinforcement position of a turbine blade and a schematic diagram of the comparison between the blade before and after modification provided by an embodiment of the present invention.

[0032] This blade modification has been partially reinforced and optimized. The front of the rear 1 / 3 of the front of the blade and the back of the head have been partially thickened. Fig.17 and 18 As shown in the figure, the ellipse is the thickening area, with the maximum thickening of about 4mm~6mm. The water outlet edge of the blade is thickened. When the water outlet edge of the blade is thickened, it is added to the positive pressure surface of the water outlet edge, mainly to reduce the flow capacity of the runner, improve the stability of the turbine under small load, and reduce the blade vortex.

[0033] In addition, according to the blade calculation results and model characteristic curves, the back of the blade inlet edge is partially filled, mainly to reduce the flow separation on the back of the inlet and the adaptability to the incoming flow, and to appropriately reduce the unit speed and increase the design head of the turbine.

[0034] Fig.19 and 20 A schematic diagram of adding triangular blocks to the upper crown and lower ring of the turbine outlet provided in an embodiment of the present invention; theory and practice have proved that adding triangular blocks to the runner outlet has a significant effect on eliminating stress concentration in the triangular area of ​​the upper crown and lower ring. This process solution can effectively enhance the strength of the blades, resist the dynamic stress caused by the vortex swing at the runner outlet, and greatly reduce the probability of cracks in the blades. The thickness of the triangular block is increased from the original theoretical thickness of 7mm at the water outlet to about 14mm. The triangular block is ~30mm long and ~50mm wide along the streamline direction.

[0035] Table 1 Calculation results of verification conditions

[0036] The calculation results of the verification conditions in Table 1 show that the flow capacity and efficiency of the turbine do not change significantly before and after local thickening. Under the optimal working conditions and other verification conditions, the velocity distribution at the turbine outlet, the blade pressure distribution, the load curve, and the internal flow field do not change significantly before and after thickening. Therefore, after the blade reinforcement and shaping, the blade surface pressure and the internal flow state of the turbine have been improved to a certain extent, and the comprehensive characteristics of the original model will not change significantly; the above analysis and calculation show that the local thickening of the blade and the installation of triangular blocks can effectively enhance the rigidity of the original turbine while maintaining the original hydraulic characteristics, and can prevent and control primary problems such as blade cracks and falling blocks.

[0037] The working principle of the water turbine provided in Example 1 is as follows: when in use, the device is arranged inside the dam body, and the filter screen 15 is located at the water inlet of the dam body, so that the water inlet pipe 8 can divert water to the inside of the concentrated cavity 9. When water passes through the water wheel 10, it can drive the water wheel 10 to rotate. A power generation component is installed at the top of the inner part of the concentrated cavity 9, and the water wheel 10 is connected to the shaft in the power generation component, so that when the water wheel 10 rotates, kinetic energy can be converted into electrical energy, and through the setting of the diversion cavity 2 and the discharge pipe 3, the water inside the concentrated cavity 9 can be diverted to the downstream of the dam.

[0038] When the water wheel 10 is rotating, it can drive the first gear 11 to rotate, and when the first gear 11 rotates, the second gear 13 and the third gear 14 can be driven to rotate at the same time through the transmission belt 12. When the toothed portion of the second gear 13 rotates to engage with the fourth gear 17, the fourth gear 17 and the winding wheel 18 can be driven to rotate. When the winding wheel 18 rotates, the connecting rope 20 can be pulled to drive the contact cavity 31 to move upward, and the connecting rope 20 can be vertically aligned with the contact cavity 31 through the wire wheel 19, so that the contact cavity 31 can be pulled upward with the wire wheel 19 as the base point.

[0039] When the contact cavity 31 moves upward, the fifth gear 26 can be driven to move upward along the portion with teeth at the front end of the rack 36. When the fifth gear 26 rotates, the spiral blade 29 and the shaft 30 can be driven to rotate simultaneously. The spiral blade 29 is located at the bottom end of the contact cavity 31. When the contact cavity 31 moves upward, the impurities attached to the front end surface of the filter screen 15 can be swept into the interior of the contact cavity 31. When the spiral blade 29 rotates, the impurities accumulated in the contact cavity 31 can be guided to the end close to the fifth gear 26, and communicated with the contact cavity 31 through the special-shaped pipe 28, so that the impurities can be discharged from the special-shaped pipe 28 to the two ends of the contact cavity 31 along with the water flow.

[0040] When the second gear 13 drives the toothed portion of the fourth gear 17 to rotate to the full stroke, the connecting rope 20 can pull the contact cavity 31 to move upward to the limit position, so that the contact cavity 31 can completely pass through the front end surface of the filter screen 15, and the impurities at the front end of the filter screen 15 can be removed and discharged. In addition, when the contact cavity 31 moves upward to the limit position, the rear end of the first protruding rod 25 can be driven to contact the contact rod 34 at the top of the rear end of the rack 36, so that the contact rod 34 at the top of the rear end of the rack 36 can be squeezed to move backward. The contact rod 34 is connected to the rack 36 through the contact rod 34, so that when the contact rod 34 is displaced, it can drive the rack 36 to move at the same time, until the rack 36 moves to the limit position toward the rear end, and the iron sheet 40 can be driven to adsorb and fit with the magnetic sheet 39 at the rear end of the top of the support side plate 41, so that the fifth gear 26 can be prevented from meshing with the rack 36 when the contact cavity 31 moves downward.

[0041] When the rack 36 is displaced, the displacement sleeve 38 can be driven to slide on the extension cylinder 37, so that the rack 36 can be supported to move in a straight line, thereby improving the movement accuracy of the rack 36. Subsequently, when the toothed portion of the second gear 13 rotates through the fourth gear 17, the fourth gear 17 loses the meshing force, and the sleeve 23 is driven to move downward by the elasticity of the reset spring 33, so that the contact cavity 31 can be moved downward and reset, and the sleeve 23 is slidably sleeved on the guide rod 35, so that the contact cavity 31 can be supported. It moves up and down along a straight line, and then, when the contact cavity 31 moves downward to the extreme position, the bottom front end of the second protrusion 27 can be driven to contact the contact rod 34 at the bottom rear of the rack 36, thereby squeezing the rack 36 to move toward the front end and reset, so that the iron sheet 40 can move forward to be adsorbed and fitted with the magnetic sheet 39 at the top front end of the supporting side plate 41, so that when the contact cavity 31 moves upward again, it can drive the fifth gear 26 to move on the rack 36, completing the reset work of the contact cavity 31 and the rack 36.

[0042] Embodiment 2: On the basis of Example 1, Fig.10 As shown, the concentrated cavity 9 also includes fan blades 42, planetary gears 43, a supporting top frame 44 and a sun gear 45. The supporting top frame 44 is fixedly mounted on the top of the concentrated cavity 9, the sun gear 45 is rotatably mounted on the inner top of the supporting top frame 44, the planetary gears 43 are rotatably mounted on the inner top of the supporting top frame 44, and 443 are distributed in a ring shape, and the fan blades 42 are fixedly mounted on the bottom end of the planetary gears 43.

[0043] When implementing this embodiment, the inner ring of the sun gear 45 is connected to the connecting shaft at the bottom end of the first gear 11, so that the first gear 11 can drive the sun gear 45 to rotate while rotating. At the same time, when the sun gear 45 rotates, it can drive multiple planetary gears 43 to rotate, and the bottom end of the planetary gear 43 is connected to the fan blade 42. Therefore, when the sun gear 45 rotates, it can drive multiple fan blades 42 to rotate. The fan blades 42 are vertically aligned with the concentrated cavity 9, so that the fan blades 42 can blow air onto the surface of the concentrated cavity 9, and the power generation components at the top inside the concentrated cavity 9 can be cooled to complete the work.

[0044] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations may be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, and that the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A water turbine with an improved runner structure, comprising a positioning mechanism (1), a flow guide cavity (2) being fixedly mounted at the bottom end of the positioning mechanism (1), and a discharge pipe (3) being fixedly mounted at the center of the bottom end of the flow guide cavity (2), characterized in that: The alignment mechanism (1) comprises a transmission component (4) and a synchronization component (5), wherein the synchronization component (5) is fixedly mounted on the front end of the transmission component (4).

2. A water turbine with an improved runner structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: (7) fixedly mounted at the top front end of a transmission device (6), the transmission device (6) comprising a water wheel (10), a concentration chamber (9), a water inlet pipe (8) and a filter screen (15), the filter screen (15) being fixedly mounted at the front end of the water inlet pipe (8), the water inlet pipe (8) being fixedly mounted at the front end of the concentration chamber (9), the water wheel (10) being rotatably mounted inside the concentration chamber (9), a first gear (11) being fixedly mounted at the top end of the water wheel (10), a transmission toothed belt (12) being meshed with an outer ring of the first gear (11), a third gear (14) being meshed with an inner end of the transmission toothed belt (12) away from the first gear (11), and a second gear (13) being fixedly mounted at the top center of the third gear (14); The synchronization component (5) comprises a displacement device (21) and a positioning device (22), wherein the displacement device (21) is slidably sleeved on the front end of the positioning device (22).

3. A water turbine with an improved runner structure according to claim 2, characterized in that: The connecting device (7) comprises a supporting vertical frame (16) and a fourth gear (17), wherein the fourth gear (17) is rotatably mounted on the top of the supporting vertical frame (16), a winding wheel (18) is fixedly mounted on the top of the fourth gear (17), a connecting rope (20) is fixedly mounted on the outer ring of the winding wheel (18), and a guide wheel (19) is rotatably mounted on the top of the front end of the supporting vertical frame (16); When the fourth gear (17) is driven by the second gear (13), the reel (18) can simultaneously pull the connecting rope (20), so that the contact cavity (31) can move upward.

4. A water turbine with an improved runner structure according to claim 3, characterized in that: The displacement device (21) comprises a contact cavity (31), a sleeve plate (23), a special-shaped pipe (28) and an extension bracket (24), wherein the extension bracket (24) is fixedly mounted at both ends of the contact cavity (31), the sleeve plate (23) is symmetrically fixedly mounted at the top of the rear end of the contact cavity (31), the special-shaped pipe (28) is fixedly mounted at both ends of the contact cavity (31), and the special-shaped pipe (28) is located below the extension bracket (24), a fifth gear (26) is rotatably mounted on one end of the extension bracket (24) away from the contact cavity (31), a shaft (30) is fixedly mounted on the side end center of the fifth gear (26) close to the contact cavity (31), a spiral blade (29) is fixedly mounted on the outer ring of the shaft (30), and a first convex rod (25) and a second convex rod (27) are fixedly mounted on the rear end of the extension bracket (24), and the first convex rod (25) is located above the second convex rod (27); When the contact cavity (31) is displaced, it can drive the fifth gear (26) to displace on the rack (36), so that the spiral blade (29) can transport impurities that contact the interior of the cavity (31) to the side end.

5. A water turbine with an improved runner structure according to claim 4, characterized in that: The positioning device (22) comprises a guide rod (35), a return spring (33) and a support rear plate (32); the guide rod (35) is symmetrically fixedly mounted on the front end of the support rear plate (32); the return spring (33) is fixedly mounted on the inner bottom end of the guide rod (35); extension cylinders (37) are symmetrically fixedly mounted on both sides of the front end of the support rear plate (32); a displacement sleeve (38) is slidably sleeved on the extension cylinder (37); a rack (36) is fixedly mounted on the front end of the displacement sleeve (38); two iron sheets (40) are fixedly mounted on the side ends of the rack (36) facing away from the displacement sleeve (38); support side plates (41) are symmetrically fixedly mounted on both sides of the front end of the support rear plate (32); magnetic suction sheets (39) are fixedly mounted on the top front end and rear end of the support side plates (41); and contact rods (34) are fixedly mounted on the top and bottom of the rear end of the rack (36); When the contact cavity (31) is displaced, it can drive the second protruding rod (27) or the first protruding rod (25) to contact the contact rods (34) at the top and bottom of the rear of the rack (36) respectively, so that the rack (36) can be squeezed and displaced.

6. A water turbine with an improved runner structure according to claim 5, characterized in that: The supporting vertical frame (16) is fixedly mounted on the top front end of the water inlet pipe (8); one end of the connecting rope (20) away from the winding wheel (18) is connected to the top end of the contact cavity (31) away from the sleeve plate (23); the sleeve plate (23) is slidably sleeved on the contact rod (34); and the bottom end of the sleeve plate (23) is connected to the top end of the return spring (33).

7. A water turbine with an improved runner structure according to claim 6, characterized in that: The tooth distribution angle on the second gear (13) is 180 degrees, the water inlet pipe (8) is interconnected with the interior of the concentrated cavity (9), the inner bottom end of the contact cavity (31) is a circular tube structure, the rear end top of the first protruding rod (25) and the bottom front end of the second protruding rod (27) are both inclined at 45 degrees, and the shaft rod (30) passes through the special-shaped pipe (28) and is connected to the fifth gear (26).

8. A water turbine with an improved runner structure according to claim 7, characterized in that: The special-shaped pipe (28) is interconnected with the interior of the contact cavity (31); a through hole is provided at the interior center of the supporting rear plate (32); and the supporting rear plate (32) is fixedly mounted on the outer ring of the water inlet pipe (8) close to the filter screen (15).

9. A water turbine with an improved runner structure according to claim 8, characterized in that: The rear end surface of the contact cavity (31) is flush with the front end surface of the filter screen (15), the fifth gear (26) is aligned with the front end of the rack (36), and the iron sheet (40) is horizontally aligned with the magnetic sheet (39).

10. A water turbine with an improved runner structure according to claim 9, characterized in that: The concentrated cavity (9) further comprises fan blades (42), planetary gears (43), a supporting top frame (44) and a sun gear (45); the supporting top frame (44) is fixedly mounted on the top of the concentrated cavity (9); the sun gear (45) is rotatably mounted on the inner top of the supporting top frame (44); the planetary gears (43) are rotatably mounted on the inner top of the supporting top frame (44); and the (443) are distributed in an annular shape; the fan blades (42) are fixedly mounted on the bottom of the planetary gears (43).

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