Biomass high-temperature high-pressure air-assisted crushing combustion device
By setting up a combustion chamber at the lower end of the silo and centralized injection of high-temperature and high-pressure air, the problems of large crushing power, high energy consumption and unsuitable device size in the prior art during the baled straw breaking and combustion are solved, and efficient straw breaking and combustion are achieved, and fuel burning and heat efficiency of heat exchange device are improved.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202411686115.0
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-11-24
- Publication Date
- 2025-03-18
AI Technical Summary
The prior art has problems such as high crushing power at room temperature, high energy consumption, and the failure of the broken roll to adapt to different heat exchange device sizes during bale straw breaking and combustion.
A biomass high-temperature and high-pressure air assisted crushing combustion device is adopted. By setting a combustion chamber at the lower end of the silo, the concentrated injection of high-temperature and high-pressure air makes the baled straw easier to be scattered and dried, and plays a combustion-stimulating role, improving the fuel burnout rate and the thermal efficiency of the heat exchange device.
It realizes efficient bale breaking and burning straw in high-temperature environments, reduces the power demand and energy consumption of bale breaking devices, adapts to the design of different heat exchange device sizes, and improves the fuel burnout rate and the thermal efficiency of the heat exchange device.
Smart Images
Figure CN119642189A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of straw bundle burning, and in particular to a biomass high-temperature and high-pressure air-assisted crushing and combustion device. Background Art
[0002] With the development of straw bale burning technology, how to effectively break and disperse the straw bales so that the straw fuel can be fully and stably burned has become an urgent problem to be solved. Most of the existing breaking technologies refer to the principle and structure of the shredder, and are equipped with a breaking roller. The outer surface of the roller is provided with breaking spikes. The roller is cooled by air or water. The broken straw fuel enters the furnace with the grate set under the breaking device, burns under the action of the combustion-supporting wind, and is then discharged into the slag remover. In addition, the design idea of the existing technology is that the breaking device is only responsible for breaking and dispersing the straw bales, and the main combustion area of the fuel is in the furnace, and the operation and combustion methods of traditional coal-fired boilers and biomass pellet boilers are continued. However, straw fuel is different from coal and biomass. The energy density of pellet fuel is different. The energy density of coal of the same volume is 18 times that of straw, and the energy density of biomass pellet fuel of the same volume is 14 times that of straw. If you want to achieve the same effect, you need to increase the grate area and the volume of the heat exchanger. In addition, the existing bag breaking rollers are mostly arranged horizontally facing the furnace body of the heat exchanger. In this way, the length of the bag breaking rollers will be affected by the width of the heat exchanger. The longer the bag breaking rollers, the weaker their ability to withstand axial pressure loads. This is because long pipes are more likely to become unstable, resulting in a decrease in mechanical strength. Summary of the invention
[0003] In order to overcome the defects existing in the above-mentioned prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to propose a biomass high-temperature and high-pressure air-assisted crushing and combustion device to solve the problems of high power and high energy consumption of normal temperature crushing and the inability of the bag breaking roller to adapt to different sizes of heat exchange devices.
[0004] In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention proposes a biomass high-temperature and high-pressure air-assisted crushing and combustion device, and the specific technical scheme is as follows: A biomass high-temperature and high-pressure air-assisted crushing and combustion device, comprising: A silo, which is arranged at the front end of the grate using a membrane wall structure, and a feed port is provided at the upper end of the silo; A combustion chamber, the combustion chamber is located at the lower end of the silo, and a fire outlet is provided on a side wall of the combustion chamber close to the heat exchange device; A bag breaking device, the bag breaking device is located at an upper position in the combustion chamber, the bag breaking device is composed of a plurality of bag breaking units, the bag breaking units mainly include bag breaking rollers and heat collecting air distribution pipes, the bag breaking rollers are arranged parallel to and spaced from top to bottom with the heat collecting air distribution pipes, the heat collecting air distribution pipes are connected to the bag breaking rollers, and a communicating air duct is formed between the bag breaking rollers and the inside of the heat collecting air distribution pipes; the bag breaking rollers are provided with a plurality of raised hollow spikes communicating with the bag breaking rollers to form a second air outlet, the heat collecting air distribution pipes are provided with a plurality of raised hollow short tubes communicating with the bag breaking rollers to form a first air outlet; A wind box, the wind box is located below the silo and is connected to the heat collection air distribution pipe; A high-pressure bag breaking blower is connected to the bellows.
[0005] Preferably, the combustion chamber is a main combustion zone and the side walls are concrete-wrapped membrane wall structures. The combustion chamber has a certain height for creating a high-temperature environment.
[0006] Preferably, a silo water outlet is provided at the top of the silo and is located at the front end of the silo, and a silo water inlet is provided at the bottom of the silo and is close to the fire outlet.
[0007] Preferably, the hollow short tube is inclined along the movement direction of the grate, with the first air outlet facing the fire outlet; a plurality of hollow short tubes connected to the heat collecting air distribution duct are arranged at intervals on the lower half of the outer portion thereof, and the hollow short tubes are evenly and crosswise distributed; the bag breaking roller is a hollow structure with ventilation inside, and a plurality of rows of hollow spikes connected to the bag breaking roller are arranged radially at intervals on the surface of the drum body, and the hollow spikes are crosswise distributed or spirally distributed along the axial direction of the drum body surface of the bag breaking roller.
[0008] Preferably, the height of the bag breaking roller is slightly higher than the height of the fire outlet, and the height of the heat collecting air distribution pipe is lower than the height of the fire outlet, so that the bag breaking unit is in a high temperature area to form high temperature and high pressure wind.
[0009] Preferably, the fire outlet is connected to the heat exchange device via a connecting arch, and a maintenance space is located above the connecting arch.
[0010] Preferably, the bag breaking unit also includes a reducer and a sealing assembly, one end of the bag breaking roller is connected to the reducer through the sealing assembly, and the other end of the bag breaking roller is connected to the heat collecting air distribution pipe in the maintenance space outside the combustion chamber through the sealing assembly, which is convenient for disassembly and maintenance.
[0011] Preferably, the bellows is on the same side as the feed port, and a bellows air inlet is provided on the side of the bellows away from the heat exchange device. The bellows air inlet is arranged in the middle of the bellows and along the central axis of the heat collecting air distribution pipe; the high-pressure bag breaking blower is connected to the bellows air inlet.
[0012] Preferably, the bag breaking roller, the hollow spikes, the heat collecting air distribution pipe and the hollow short tube are made of high temperature resistant stainless steel.
[0013] Preferably, the axial direction of the bag breaking unit is the movement direction of the grate; and a plurality of the bag breaking units are evenly spaced and arranged along the width direction of the silo.
[0014] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: 1. A combustion chamber is provided at the lower end of the silo, which is the main combustion area of the fuel. The combustion chamber adopts a membrane wall structure wrapped with concrete. The concrete has heat storage capacity and creates a high-temperature environment. In addition, the concentrated injection of high-temperature and high-pressure air from the second air outlet and the first air outlet makes it easier to spread and dry the bundled straw, and plays a role in combustion. The unburned fuel falls on the grate and continues to burn under the combustion assistance of the grate air. This process can consume most of the fuel and relatively reduce the subsequent combustion pressure; 2. At the same time, because the silo is set at the front end of the grate, the combustion chamber at the lower end of the silo is the main combustion zone. The main combustion zone is placed in front, which relatively increases and prolongs the space and time for fuel combustion, improves the fuel burnout rate, and thus improves the thermal efficiency of the heat exchange device; 3. The direction of the bag breaking unit in the bag breaking device is such that the axial direction of the bag breaking unit is the direction of grate movement. The size of the bag breaking unit is not limited by the width of the heat exchange device. By increasing or decreasing the number of bag breaking units, the size or power of different heat exchange devices can be adapted, which reduces the manufacturing difficulty, and can be standardized to reduce the manufacturing cost. The present invention is suitable for widespread promotion and industrialization. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0015] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of the combustion device of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic structural diagram of a bag breaking unit of a combustion device according to the present invention; Figure 3 This is a top view of the position relationship between the high-pressure bag breaking blower and the wind box of the combustion device of the present invention.
[0016] Description of the numbers in the figure: 1. Silo, 2. Feed inlet, 3. Bag breaking device, 4. Bellows, 5. Combustion chamber, 6. Grate, 7. Fire outlet, 8. Heat exchange device, 9. High-pressure bag breaking blower, 10. Bag breaking roller, 11. Hollow spikes, 12. Heat collecting air distribution duct, 13. Hollow short tube, 14. Speed reducer, 15. Sealing assembly, 16. First air outlet, 17. Second air outlet, 18. Bag breaking unit, 19. Silo water outlet, 20. Silo water inlet, 21. Maintenance space, 22. Bellows air inlet, 23. Connecting arch. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0017] In order to better understand the purpose, structure and function of the present invention, a biomass high-temperature and high-pressure air-assisted crushing and combustion device of the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
[0018] Figure 1 The structure of an embodiment of a biomass high-temperature and high-pressure air-assisted crushing and combustion device of the present invention is shown as follows: Figure 1 As shown, the biomass high-temperature and high-pressure air-assisted crushing and combustion device mainly includes a silo 1, a bag breaking device 3 and a combustion chamber 5, wherein the silo 1 is arranged at the front end of the grate 6 with a membrane wall structure and is placed on the grate 6, and the combustion chamber 5 is arranged at the lower end of the silo 1, and a fire outlet 7 is arranged on the side of the combustion chamber 5 close to the heat exchanger device 8, and the fire outlet 7 is connected to the heat exchanger device 8 through a connecting arch 23, and a maintenance space 21 is arranged above the connecting arch 23. The bag breaking device 3 is arranged at the upper position in the combustion chamber 5, and a feed port 2 is arranged on the upper side of the silo 1 away from the heat exchanger device 8, and a wind box 4 is arranged on the outside of the lower side of the silo 1 away from the heat exchanger device 8. Preferably, the wind box 4 is on the same side as the feed port 2.
[0019] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 As shown, the bale of straw is fed into the feed port 2 by the feeding device, enters the silo 1, and falls onto the bale breaking device 3 in the combustion chamber 5 to start burning. The bale breaking device 3 includes a plurality of bale breaking units 18, and the bale breaking unit 18 includes a reducer 14, a sealing assembly 15, a bale breaking roller 10, and a heat collecting air distribution pipe 12. One end of the bale breaking roller 10 is connected to the reducer 14 through the sealing assembly 15, and the other end is connected to the heat collecting air distribution pipe 12 through the sealing assembly 15 in the maintenance space 21 outside the combustion chamber 5, which is convenient for disassembly and maintenance; one end of the heat collecting air distribution pipe 12 is connected to the bale breaking roller 10 through the sealing assembly 15, and the other end is connected to the bellows 4 arranged outside the silo 1, and the bale breaking roller 10 and the inside of the heat collecting air distribution pipe 12 form a communicating air duct.
[0020] Specifically, Figure 2 As shown, the bag breaking roller 10 and the heat collecting air distribution pipe 12 are arranged in parallel and spaced apart from each other. The bag breaking roller 10 can be ventilated inside. The bag breaking roller 10 is provided with a plurality of hollow spikes 11 on the outside. One end of the hollow spike 11 is connected to the bag breaking roller 10, and the other end is a second air outlet 17. The outside of the heat collecting air distribution pipe 12 is provided with a plurality of hollow short tubes 13 arranged obliquely along the grate movement direction. One end of the hollow short tube 13 is connected to the heat collecting air distribution pipe 12, and the other end is a first air outlet 16. The first air outlet 16 faces the fire outlet 7. Preferably, the bag breaking roller 10, the hollow spike 11, the heat collecting air distribution pipe 12 and the hollow short tube 13 are all made of high temperature resistant stainless steel.
[0021] like Figure 3As shown, a bellows air inlet 22 is provided on the side of the bellows 4 away from the heat exchange device 8. The bellows air inlet 22 is arranged in the middle of the bellows 4 and is located along the central axis of the heat collecting air distribution pipe 12. A circular hole is provided on the side opposite to the bellows air inlet 22 and connected to the high-pressure air inlet end of the heat collecting air distribution pipe 12. The high-pressure bag breaking blower 9 is connected to the bellows air inlet 22. When the straw bale falls onto the bale breaking device 3 in the combustion chamber 5 and starts to burn, the reducer 14 drives the bale breaking roller 10 to rotate, and the hollow spikes 11 tear the straw bale. At the same time, the high-pressure wind output by the high-pressure bale breaking blower 9 enters the bellows 4 through the bellows air inlet 22, and is distributed by the bellows 4 into the heat collecting air distribution pipe 12. After heat exchange, high-temperature and high-pressure wind is formed and ejected from the first air outlet 16 and the second air outlet 17 in sequence. While the hollow spikes 11 tear the straw bale, the high-temperature and high-pressure wind ejected from the second air outlet 17 is concentratedly sprayed onto the straw bale, creating a local high-temperature environment that helps to break up and dry the straw bale and play a role in combustion. After passing through the air distribution of the first air outlet 16, the straw fuel is fully in contact with the high-temperature air and burns violently, making the fuel burn more fully.
[0022] Specifically, the combustion chamber 5 is the main combustion zone, and the main combustion zone is moved forward so that the distance from the unburned straw fuel in the main combustion zone to the slag remover is long enough, and there is sufficient time and space to burn out, thereby improving the fuel burnout rate. Preferably, the side wall of the combustion chamber 5 is a concrete-wrapped membrane wall structure, and the concrete has heat storage capacity, which is used to create a high-temperature environment, and cooperates with the bag breaking device to facilitate more complete combustion of the fuel.
[0023] The role of high temperature and high pressure wind is: high pressure causes physical impact and cutting effect on the bundled straw, and high temperature creates a high temperature environment locally. According to the amount of water in the bundled straw, the burning point of the straw is generally around 200-300°C. The bundled straw can burn quickly in a high temperature environment, and is more easily broken up and dried under the impact of the high temperature and high pressure wind sprayed from the second air outlet 17, and the combustion-supporting effect of the high temperature air is better. The straw fuel that has been broken up and ignited falls and is again assisted in combustion by the high temperature and high pressure wind sprayed from the first air outlet 16 on the heat collecting air distribution pipe 12, and then burns violently. After the straw fuel has undergone two concentrated spray drying and combustion-supporting of high temperature and high pressure air distribution in sequence, the unburned straw fuel falls on the grate 6 and continues to burn under the action of the grate air, so that most of the fuel can be consumed; at the same time, the concrete on the side wall of the combustion chamber 5 has heat storage capacity, which provides favorable conditions for creating a continuous high temperature environment, so that the entire breaking process is always in a high temperature environment, reducing the difficulty of breaking the package while consuming most of the fuel, reducing the subsequent combustion pressure, and improving the fuel burnout rate.
[0024] As a preference, Figure 1As shown, the combustion chamber 5 has a certain height, which is adjusted according to the position height of the fire outlet 7. In addition to creating a high-temperature environment, it also allows the bale of straw to have enough falling space and time to be easily broken, scattered, dried, and combusted; the height of the bale breaking roller 10 is slightly higher than the height of the fire outlet 7, and the height of the heat collecting air distribution duct 12 is lower than the height of the fire outlet 7, so that the heat collecting air distribution duct 12 is in the high-temperature zone, so that the local high-temperature environment created can be avoided, thereby avoiding the local temperature being low due to the distance between the bale breaking roller 10 and the fire outlet 7, and the effect of breaking, breaking, drying, and combusting cannot be achieved quickly; in addition, the high-pressure air output by the high-pressure bale breaking blower 9 is distributed into the heat collecting air distribution duct 12 through the bellows 4, which can better exchange heat and quickly increase the temperature of the high-pressure air, while also protecting the heat collecting air distribution duct 12.
[0025] As a preference, Figure 2 As shown, hollow spikes 11 are arranged in multiple rows with equal spacing radially around the surface of the drum of the bag breaking roller 10, and each row is provided with a number of evenly spaced hollow spikes 11, and the hollow spikes 11 of two adjacent rows are cross-distributed; the hollow spikes 11 can also be distributed in a spiral shape along the axial direction of the drum surface of the bag breaking roller 10. The hollow short tubes 13 are mainly distributed in the lower half of the outer circumference of the heat collecting air distribution pipe 12, and multiple hollow short tubes 13 are arranged cross-evenly and spaced and cover the lower half of the outer circumference of the heat collecting air distribution pipe 12. When multiple hollow short tubes 13 are arranged in one row, the hollow short tubes 13 are evenly spaced along the central axis of the heat collecting air distribution pipe 12. When the hollow short tubes 13 are arranged in two rows, the hollow short tubes 13 are evenly spaced on both sides of the central axis of the heat collecting air distribution pipe 12. The arrangement of the hollow short tubes 13 is adjusted according to the number of rows or the number of the set ones to achieve the best drying and combustion-supporting effects.
[0026] Preferably, the bag breaking roller 10 is connected to the hollow spikes 11 , and the interior of the bag breaking roller 10 is a hollow structure, so that high-temperature and high-pressure wind passes through the interior of the bag breaking roller 10 and is ejected from the hollow spikes 11 on the outside.
[0027] Preferably, the silo 1 adopts a membrane wall structure or a water jacket sandwich structure, which operates stably.
[0028] Preferably, the axial direction of the bag breaking unit of the present invention is the direction of movement of the grate. The number of bag breaking units can be adjusted according to the power of the heat exchange device. Multiple bag breaking units are arranged at intervals along the width direction of the silo 1. Preferably, multiple bag breaking units are arranged at even intervals along the width direction of the silo 1. The bag breaking units are used as standard parts to facilitate mass production.
[0029] The combustion device of the present invention can be used in a variety of situations, including being used in combination with a variety of furnace bodies such as a bale straw direct-fired boiler furnace, a coal-fired boiler furnace, a kiln furnace body, and a hot blast furnace furnace body. The operating cost is lower than that of biomass molded fuels such as biomass pellets, briquettes and chips, conforms to the principle of economy, and is suitable for widespread promotion and industrialization.
[0030] The present invention moves the main combustion zone forward, and the combustion chamber is the main combustion zone. The bag breaking device is arranged in the combustion chamber. The scattered straw fuel burns violently under reasonable air distribution, and most of the fuel is burned in the combustion chamber, which relatively reduces the subsequent fuel consumption pressure. The high temperature environment generated is conducive to the subsequent breaking of the straw bales, and improves the breaking efficiency; at the same time, it improves the burnout rate of the straw fuel and the thermal efficiency of the heat exchange device. Conventional crushers have large power and high energy consumption. Take the same crushing of 6 tons of straw bales as an example. The conventional crusher requires 150KW, while the crushing device of the present invention only requires 18KW. The difference is that the conventional crusher is broken at room temperature, while the crushing device of the present invention is broken in a high temperature environment. It can be proved that it is easier to break the bales in a high temperature environment. It is reasonable to set the crushing device in a high temperature environment.
[0031] It is to be understood that the present invention is described by some embodiments, and it is known to those skilled in the art that various changes or equivalent substitutions may be made to these features and embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. In addition, under the teachings of the present invention, these features and embodiments may be modified to adapt to specific circumstances and materials without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention is not limited by the specific embodiments disclosed herein, and all embodiments falling within the scope of the claims of this application are within the scope of protection of the present invention.
Claims
1. A biomass high-temperature and high-pressure air-assisted crushing and combustion device, characterized in that: include: A material bin (1), wherein the material bin (1) adopts a membrane wall structure and is arranged at the front end of the grate (6), and a feed inlet (2) is provided at the upper end of the material bin (1); A combustion chamber (5), the combustion chamber (5) being located at the lower end of the silo (1), and a fire outlet (7) being provided on a side wall of the combustion chamber (5) close to the heat exchange device (8); A bag breaking device (3), the bag breaking device (3) is located at an upper position in the combustion chamber (5), the bag breaking device (3) is composed of a plurality of bag breaking units (18), the bag breaking units (18) mainly comprising a bag breaking roller (10) and a heat collecting air distribution pipe (12), the bag breaking roller (10) and the heat collecting air distribution pipe (12) are arranged parallel to each other in an interval, the heat collecting air distribution pipe (12) is connected to the bag breaking roller (10), and the bag breaking roller (10) and the heat collecting air distribution pipe (12) form a communicating air duct; the bag breaking roller (10) is provided with a plurality of protruding hollow spikes (11) communicating therewith, forming a second air outlet (17), and the heat collecting air distribution pipe (12) is provided with a plurality of protruding hollow short tubes (13) communicating therewith, forming a first air outlet (16); A wind box (4), the wind box (4) being located below the silo (1) and being in communication with the heat collection air distribution pipe (12); A high-pressure bag breaking blower (9), wherein the high-pressure bag breaking blower (9) is connected to the wind box (4).
2. The biomass high-temperature and high-pressure air-assisted crushing and combustion device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The combustion chamber (5) is a main combustion zone and its side wall is a concrete-wrapped membrane wall structure. The combustion chamber (5) has a certain height and is used to create a high-temperature environment.
3. The biomass high-temperature and high-pressure air-assisted crushing and combustion device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The top of the silo (1) is provided with a silo water outlet (19) located at the front end of the silo (1), and the bottom of the silo (2) is provided with a silo water inlet (20) located close to the fire outlet (7).
4. The biomass high-temperature and high-pressure air-assisted crushing and combustion device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The hollow short tube (13) is arranged obliquely along the grate movement direction, and the first air outlet (16) faces the fire outlet (7); A plurality of hollow short tubes (13) communicating with the heat collecting air distribution tube (12) are arranged at intervals on the lower half of the outer periphery thereof, and the hollow short tubes (13) are evenly distributed in a cross-like manner; The bag breaking roller (10) is of a hollow structure with ventilation inside. A plurality of rows of hollow spikes (11) communicating with the bag breaking roller (10) are arranged radially at intervals on the surface of the drum. The hollow spikes (11) are cross-distributed or spirally distributed along the axial direction of the drum surface of the bag breaking roller (10).
5. The biomass high-temperature and high-pressure air-assisted crushing and combustion device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The height of the bag breaking roller (10) is slightly higher than the height of the fire outlet (7), and the height of the heat collecting air distribution pipe (12) is lower than the height of the fire outlet (7), so that the bag breaking unit is in a high temperature area, which is used to form high temperature and high pressure wind.
6. The biomass high-temperature and high-pressure air-assisted crushing and combustion device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The fire outlet (7) is connected to the heat exchange device (8) via a connecting arch (23), and above the connecting arch (23) is an inspection space (21).
7. The biomass high-temperature and high-pressure air-assisted crushing and combustion device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The bag breaking unit further comprises a reducer (14) and a sealing assembly (15); one end of the bag breaking roller (10) is connected to the reducer (14) via the sealing assembly (15); the other end of the bag breaking roller (10) is connected to the heat collecting air distribution pipe (12) via the sealing assembly (15) in the maintenance space (21) outside the combustion chamber (5), so as to facilitate disassembly and maintenance.
8. The biomass high-temperature and high-pressure air-assisted crushing and combustion device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The wind box (4) is on the same side as the feed port (2), and a wind box air inlet (22) is provided on a side of the wind box (4) away from the heat exchange device (8), and the wind box air inlet (22) is arranged in the middle of the wind box (4) and along the central axis of the heat collection air distribution pipe (12); The high-pressure bag-breaking blower (9) is connected to the air inlet (22) of the wind box.
9. The biomass high-temperature and high-pressure air-assisted crushing and combustion device according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: The bag breaking roller (10), the hollow spike (11), the heat collecting air distribution pipe (12) and the hollow short pipe (13) are made of high temperature resistant stainless steel.
10. The biomass high-temperature and high-pressure air-assisted crushing and combustion device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The axial direction of the bag breaking unit (18) is the grate movement direction; a plurality of the bag breaking units (18) are evenly spaced and arranged along the width direction of the silo (1).