A broadband dual-polarized patch antenna based on hybrid electromagnetic coupling technology

Abstract

The application discloses a broadband dual-polarized patch antenna based on a hybrid electromagnetic coupling technology and relates to the technical field of wireless communication.The antenna is composed of a probe, a square patch, a trapezoidal patch and a cavity; the square patch is arranged inside the cavity; a feeding structure is arranged below the bottom of the cavity; one end of the probe penetrates through the bottom of the cavity and is connected with the square patch, and the other end is connected with the feeding structure; a square patch metal column is arranged at the center of the bottom of the square patch, the upper end of the square patch metal column is connected with the square patch, and the lower end of the square patch metal column is connected with the bottom of the cavity; the trapezoidal patch is arranged above the square patch, trapezoidal patch metal columns are arranged at the two sides of the bottom of the trapezoidal patch, the upper ends of the trapezoidal patch metal columns are connected with the trapezoidal patch, and the lower ends of the trapezoidal patch metal columns are connected with the bottom of the cavity; the cavity is a cuboid with the upper surface removed, and the cavity surrounds the whole antenna structure; the application can generate ±45° dual polarization, has a wide working bandwidth and high gain, and is suitable for base station antennas in mobile communication.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of wireless communication technology, and in particular to a broadband dual-polarized patch antenna based on hybrid electromagnetic coupling technology. Background Technology

[0002] In recent years, with the continuous development of wireless communication technology, the performance requirements for communication systems have been constantly increasing, especially in terms of coverage and communication capacity. Developing high-performance antennas for transmitting and receiving various carrier signals has become a trend. In mobile communication, dual-polarized antennas can effectively address multipath propagation problems. By simultaneously receiving signals of different polarizations, interference caused by reflection and scattering can be significantly reduced, improving communication quality and stability. Furthermore, dual-polarized antennas can reduce signal blind spots and weak signal areas, ensuring good communication quality for users while they are mobile. In addition, their broadband characteristics allow the antenna to cover multiple frequency bands, meeting the needs of multi-band communication. At this point, traditional mobile communication base station antennas can no longer meet these requirements. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of this invention is to propose a broadband dual-polarized patch antenna based on hybrid electromagnetic coupling technology to solve the problems of small coverage and low communication capacity of traditional antennas, reduce interference caused by reflection and scattering, and improve communication quality and stability.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, this invention proposes a broadband dual-polarized patch antenna based on hybrid electromagnetic coupling technology, comprising: a probe, a square patch, a trapezoidal patch, and a cavity; the square patch is disposed inside the cavity, the trapezoidal patch is disposed above the square patch, and a feeding structure is disposed below the bottom of the cavity; one end of the probe passes through the bottom of the cavity and connects to the square patch, and the other end of the probe is connected to the feeding structure; the square patch is differentially fed by the probe, and the trapezoidal patch is coupled and fed by the square patch.

[0005] Preferably, the probe is a power supply device, divided into 2 groups, with 2 probes in each group.

[0006] Preferably, a square patch metal pillar is provided at the center of the bottom of the square patch, the upper end of the square patch metal pillar is connected to the square patch, and the lower end of the square patch metal pillar is connected to the bottom of the cavity to support the square patch.

[0007] Preferably, a rectangle of the same size is cut off from each of the four corners of the square patch.

[0008] Preferably, there are two sets of trapezoidal patches, two in each set and symmetrical about the center. Each set is positioned at ±45° above the square patch, with an air layer of a certain height between them to generate ±45° linear polarization. A rectangle of the same size is cut off from the middle of the tail of each trapezoidal patch, and a trapezoidal patch metal pillar is provided on both sides of the cut-off portion. The trapezoidal patch metal pillar is used to support the trapezoidal patch.

[0009] Preferably, there are 8 trapezoidal patch metal pillars, with the upper end of each trapezoidal patch metal pillar connected to the trapezoidal patch and the lower end of each trapezoidal patch metal pillar connected to the bottom of the cavity.

[0010] Preferably, the feeding structure includes an upper cylindrical conductor and a lower cylindrical conductor, the upper cylindrical conductor covering the upper surface of the lower cylindrical conductor, and the upper cylindrical conductor wrapping around the probe.

[0011] Preferably, the lower surface of the upper cylindrical conductor is provided with a circular feeding surface of the same size as its lower surface area.

[0012] Preferably, the cavity is a cuboid with its upper surface removed, and its bottom is located below the square patch and above the feeding structure. The entire antenna structure is arranged above the bottom of the cavity, and the four sides of the cavity surround the entire antenna structure.

[0013] Therefore, this invention proposes a broadband dual-polarized patch antenna based on hybrid electromagnetic coupling technology, which has the following advantages:

[0014] (1) The present invention uses two sets of identical trapezoidal patches, which are orthogonally arranged above the square patch. By directly feeding the square patch, the two sets of trapezoidal patches above the square patch generate squares with two polarization directions of ±45° through electrical coupling and magnetic coupling, which can significantly reduce the interference problems caused by reflection and scattering. The antenna as a whole has the characteristics of simple structure and easy processing.

[0015] (2) The present invention uses differential feeding method when feeding square patch. Differential feeding method can more accurately control the polarization characteristics of dual polarization antenna, reduce cross polarization interference, improve polarization purity, significantly improve signal coverage and quality, reduce interference, and improve user experience.

[0016] (3) By cutting rectangles of the same size from the four corners of the square patch, the input impedance of the antenna can be changed, thereby achieving better impedance matching. Good impedance matching can reduce reflection loss; cutting the rectangular part from the bottom of the trapezoidal patch can help adjust the polarization mode, reduce cross-polarization interference, improve polarization purity, and at the same time adjust the square radiation pattern of the antenna, making its square characteristics more suitable for specific application requirements.

[0017] The technical solution of the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a broadband dual-polarized patch antenna based on hybrid electromagnetic coupling technology according to the present invention.

[0019] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the bottom structure of a broadband dual-polarized patch antenna based on hybrid electromagnetic coupling technology according to the present invention;

[0020] Figure 3 This is a top-view dimensioning diagram of an embodiment of a broadband dual-polarized patch antenna based on hybrid electromagnetic coupling technology according to the present invention;

[0021] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram showing the dimensions in the front view of an embodiment of a broadband dual-polarized patch antenna based on hybrid electromagnetic coupling technology according to the present invention;

[0022] Figure 5 This is a simulation result diagram of the reflection coefficient of a broadband dual-polarized patch antenna based on hybrid electromagnetic coupling technology according to the present invention;

[0023] Figure 6 This is a simulation result diagram of the gain of a broadband dual-polarized patch antenna based on hybrid electromagnetic coupling technology according to the present invention;

[0024] Figure 7 This is a simulation result diagram of the 12-port isolation of a broadband dual-polarized patch antenna based on hybrid electromagnetic coupling technology according to the present invention;

[0025] Figure 8 This invention relates to a square radiation pattern of a broadband dual-polarized patch antenna based on hybrid electromagnetic coupling technology at 4750MHz.

[0026] Figure 9 This is a simulation result diagram of the real and imaginary parts of the input impedance of a broadband dual-polarized patch antenna based on hybrid electromagnetic coupling technology according to the present invention.

[0027] Figure Labels

[0028] 1. Cavity; 2. Trapezoidal patch; 3. Square patch; 4. Trapezoidal patch metal pillar; 5. Square patch metal pillar; 6. Probe; 7. Lower cylindrical conductor; 8. Upper cylindrical conductor; 9. Power supply structure. Detailed Implementation

[0029] Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and intended to explain the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

[0030] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "length", "width", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this invention.

[0031] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of this invention, "a plurality of" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0032] In the embodiments of this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," "linking," "fixing," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention according to the specific circumstances.

[0033] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, this embodiment of the invention provides a broadband dual-polarized patch antenna based on hybrid electromagnetic coupling technology, including a probe 6, a square patch 3, a trapezoidal patch 2, a feeding structure 9, and a cavity 1 surrounding the above structure;

[0034] A square patch 3 is placed inside the cavity 1. A rectangle of the same size is cut off from each of the four corners of the square patch 3. A square patch metal pillar 5 is provided at the center of its bottom. The upper end of the square patch metal pillar 5 is connected to the square patch 3, and the lower end of the square patch metal pillar 5 is connected to the bottom of the cavity 1 to support the square patch 3.

[0035] There are two sets of trapezoidal patches 2, two in each set and symmetrical about the center. Each set is positioned at ±45° above the square patch 3 to generate ±45° linear polarization. A rectangle of the same size is cut off from the middle of the tail of each trapezoidal patch 2, and a trapezoidal patch metal pillar 4 is set on each side of the cut-off part. There are 8 trapezoidal patch metal pillars 4. The upper end of the trapezoidal patch metal pillar 4 is connected to the trapezoidal patch 2, and the lower end of the trapezoidal patch metal pillar 4 is connected to the bottom of the cavity 1 to support the trapezoidal patch 2.

[0036] Cavity 1 is a cuboid with its top surface removed. Its bottom is located below the square patch 3 and above the feed structure 9. The entire antenna structure is arranged above the bottom of cavity 1, and the four sides of cavity 1 surround the entire antenna structure.

[0037] The power supply structure 9 includes an upper cylindrical conductor 8 and a lower cylindrical conductor 7. The upper cylindrical conductor 8 covers the upper surface of the lower cylindrical conductor 7. The upper cylindrical conductor 8 wraps around the probe 6, and its lower surface is also provided with a circular power supply surface of the same size as its lower surface, which is directly connected to the probe 6.

[0038] The probes 6 are divided into two groups of two probes each. One end of each probe 6 is connected to the coaxially arranged power supply structure 9 below the bottom of the cavity 1, and the other end passes through the bottom of the cavity 1 and is connected to the square patch 3. The square patch 3 is differentially fed by the two groups of probes 6.

[0039] The characteristics of the dual-polarized patch antenna are further explained below with reference to experiments.

[0040] like Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown in the experiment, taking an impedance bandwidth of 3300-4900MHz as an example, the optimal dimensions were optimized as follows: the length and width of the bottom surface of cavity 1 are both... G L = 90mm, height is H g = 9mm, the overall thickness of cavity 1 is T P =0.5mm; the square patch 3 with its four corners cut off has a length of L in the 45° direction. P = 41.6mm, width is W P1 = 24.6mm, length L in the -45° direction P1 = 42mm, width is W P = 26mm, the height of the square patch metal pillar 5, which is at least 2.9mm above the bottom of cavity 1, is H1 = 2.9mm, and the radius of the square patch metal pillar 5 is R1 = 2mm; trapezoidal patch 2, the upper base length L d1 =4.67mm, bottom length W up = 23mm, height L of the trapezoidal patch up =25mm; the length of the rectangle cut from the bottom of trapezoidal patch 2 is L. d2 = 7.6mm, width is W d1 = 4mm, the height of trapezoidal patch metal post 4 is H2 = 9.4mm, the radius of trapezoidal patch metal post 4 is R2 = 1.5mm; the diameter of probe 6 is 0.65mm, and the length is Ht 1 =5.4mm; the feed structure 9 consists of an upper cylindrical conductor 8 enclosing the probe 6 and a lower cylindrical conductor 7 below it, coaxial with the probe 6 and located below the ground plane. The radius of the upper cylindrical conductor 8 is... R 3 =2mm, the radius of the lower cylindrical conductor 7 is R 4 =4mm, height is H t2 =2mm.

[0041] like Figure 5 As shown in the figure, the simulation results show that the antenna operates in the range of 3300-4900 MHz, with an absolute bandwidth of 1600 MHz, exhibiting broadband characteristics and meeting the needs of multi-band communication.

[0042] like Figure 6 As shown in the figure, the results indicate that the antenna has a gain of over 10dB in the 3300-4900 MHz frequency band, demonstrating high gain characteristics.

[0043] like Figure 7 As shown in the figure, the results indicate that the antenna has a high isolation level, with an isolation of less than -49dB in the 3300-4900 MHz frequency band.

[0044] like Figure 8-9 As shown in the figure, the antenna impedance is well matched.

[0045] Therefore, the present invention proposes a broadband dual-polarized patch antenna based on hybrid electromagnetic coupling technology. By adopting a differential feeding method, it achieves high-purity dual polarization and has a wider bandwidth compared to traditional mobile communication base stations. It also has the advantages of simple structure and easy processing.

[0046] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and not to limit them. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can still be made to the technical solutions of the present invention, and these modifications or equivalent substitutions cannot cause the modified technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention.

Claims

1. A broadband dual-polarized patch antenna based on hybrid electromagnetic coupling technology, characterized in that, include: The device comprises a probe, a square patch, a trapezoidal patch, and a cavity; the square patch is disposed inside the cavity, the trapezoidal patch is disposed above the square patch, and a power supply structure is disposed below the bottom of the cavity; one end of the probe passes through the bottom of the cavity and connects to the square patch, and the other end of the probe is connected to the power supply structure; the square patch is differentially fed by the probe, and the trapezoidal patch is coupled and fed by the square patch; A square patch metal pillar is provided at the bottom center of the square patch. The upper end of the square patch metal pillar is connected to the square patch, and the lower end of the square patch metal pillar is connected to the bottom of the cavity. A rectangle of the same size is cut off from each of the four corners of the square patch. There are two sets of trapezoidal patches, two in each set, symmetrical about the center, and each set is positioned at ±45° above the square patch. A rectangle of the same size is cut off from the middle of the tail of each trapezoidal patch, and a trapezoidal patch metal pillar is set on each side of the cut-off portion. There are eight trapezoidal patch metal pillars. The upper end of each trapezoidal patch metal pillar is connected to the trapezoidal patch, and the lower end of each trapezoidal patch metal pillar is connected to the bottom of the cavity. The four corners of the rectangle cut off from the square patch are located between two trapezoidal patches, and the upper base of each trapezoidal patch overlaps with the square patch. The feeding structure includes an upper cylindrical conductor and a lower cylindrical conductor, the upper cylindrical conductor covering the upper surface of the lower cylindrical conductor, and the upper cylindrical conductor wrapping around the probe; The lower surface of the upper cylindrical conductor is provided with a circular feeding surface of the same size as its lower surface area.

2. The broadband dual-polarized patch antenna based on hybrid electromagnetic coupling technology according to claim 1, characterized in that, The probes are power supply devices, divided into two groups of two probes each.

3. A broadband dual-polarized patch antenna based on hybrid electromagnetic coupling technology according to claim 1, characterized in that, The cavity is a cuboid with its top surface removed. Its bottom is located below the square patch and above the feeding structure. The four sides of the cavity surround the entire antenna structure.

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