A wide-aspect-ratio circularly polarized patch antenna based on hybrid electromagnetic coupling technology

Abstract

The application discloses a wide axial ratio circularly polarized patch antenna based on a hybrid electromagnetic coupling technology and relates to the technical field of wireless communication.The antenna is composed of a probe, a radiation patch, a trapezoidal patch and a cavity; the radiation patch is located inside the cavity, a radiation patch metal column is arranged at the bottom center of the radiation patch, the upper end of the radiation patch metal column is connected with the radiation patch, and the lower end of the radiation patch metal column is connected with the bottom of the cavity; the trapezoidal patch is arranged above the radiation patch, a trapezoidal patch metal column is arranged at the middle and tail of the trapezoidal patch, the upper end of the trapezoidal patch metal column is connected with the trapezoidal patch, and the lower end of the trapezoidal patch metal column penetrates through the bottom of the cavity; a feeding structure is arranged below the bottom of the cavity, one end of the probe penetrates through the bottom of the cavity and is connected with the radiation patch, and the other end of the probe is connected with the feeding structure.The application has a wide axial ratio bandwidth and high gain, has a simple structure and is easy to process, and is suitable for base station antennas in mobile communication.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The application relates to the technical field of wireless communication, in particular to a wide axial ratio circularly polarized patch antenna based on a hybrid electromagnetic coupling technology. BACKGROUND

[0002] With the development of human society, people's demand for communication quality is increasing. As a device for transmitting and receiving electromagnetic waves, an antenna plays an important role in a communication system. Nowadays, antennas are widely used in mobile communication, navigation, radar and other fields, and people's life is inseparable from antennas. However, the traditional linearly polarized antenna has poor receiving ability and is easily disturbed, which cannot meet people's demand. Compared with the traditional linearly polarized antenna, the circularly polarized antenna has the advantages of orthogonality, ability to receive signals from all directions, strong ability to penetrate the ionosphere and strong anti-interference ability, which can ensure the stability of signal transmission between the transmitting end and the receiving end.

[0003] An important measure of circular polarization performance is axial ratio, which represents circular polarization purity. In practical applications, an antenna with high circular polarization purity can better receive signals from all directions. Modern communication has higher requirements for data transmission rate and signal transmission stability. SUMMARY

[0004] The purpose of the application is to provide a wide axial ratio circularly polarized patch antenna based on a hybrid electromagnetic coupling technology, which solves the problem of poor receiving ability of the traditional linearly polarized antenna and is easily disturbed, and ensures the stability of signal transmission between the transmitting end and the receiving end.

[0005] To achieve the above purpose, the application provides a wide axial ratio circularly polarized patch antenna based on a hybrid electromagnetic coupling technology, which comprises a probe, a radiation patch, a trapezoidal patch, a feed structure and a cavity. The radiation patch is located inside the cavity, and a radiation patch metal column is arranged at the bottom center of the radiation patch. The upper end of the radiation patch metal column is connected with the radiation patch, and the lower end of the radiation patch metal column is connected with the bottom of the cavity for supporting the radiation patch. The trapezoidal patch is arranged above the radiation patch, and the feed structure is arranged below the bottom of the cavity.

[0006] Preferably, the probe is a feed device, one end of which penetrates through the bottom of the cavity and is connected with the radiation patch, and the other end is connected with the feed structure. The radiation patch is differentially fed by two probes.

[0007] Preferably, the feed structure comprises an upper cylindrical conductor and a lower cylindrical conductor, the upper cylindrical conductor is covered on the upper surface of the lower cylindrical conductor, and the upper cylindrical conductor wraps the probe.

[0008] Preferably, the lower surface of the upper cylindrical conductor is provided with a circular feeding surface with the same size as the lower surface area, which is directly connected to the probe.

[0009] Preferably, the radiation patch is located below the trapezoidal patch, and an air layer with a certain height is arranged between the two, and the two are not in contact with each other; a group of opposite corners of the radiation patch is cut off a triangular patch with the same size, so that circular polarization is realized; and the other group of opposite corners is provided with a feeding point.

[0010] Preferably, the feeding point is provided with an embedded microstrip line, so that impedance matching is realized.

[0011] Preferably, the trapezoidal patch has two groups, each group has two and is symmetric about the center, is arranged above the radiation patch, and generates coupled feeding from the radiation patch; and this arrangement makes the antenna more compact and realizes miniaturization; the tail of each trapezoidal patch is provided with four rectangular patches with the same size for increasing the axial ratio bandwidth, and the middle and tail are further provided with trapezoidal patch metal columns.

[0012] Preferably, the number of the trapezoidal patch metal columns is 8, the upper end of which is connected to the trapezoidal patch, and the lower end of which penetrates the bottom of the cavity.

[0013] Preferably, the lower end of the trapezoidal patch metal column in the middle of the trapezoidal patch further penetrates the radiation patch.

[0014] Preferably, the cavity is a cuboid with the upper surface removed, the bottom of which is located below the radiation patch and above the feeding structure, and the surrounding four surfaces surround the entire antenna structure; this cavity structure increases the radiation efficiency of the antenna.

[0015] Therefore, the application provides a wide axial ratio circularly polarized patch antenna based on a hybrid electromagnetic coupling technology, which has the following beneficial effects:

[0016] (1) The application completes the design of the antenna in only one cavity, has a low profile, and uses a hybrid electromagnetic coupling technology, so as to meet the demand of the communication system for miniaturization and high performance of the antenna, and the antenna as a whole has the advantages of simple structure, easy processing, etc.;

[0017] (2) The application uses an embedded microstrip line at the feeding position of the radiation patch, so as to realize impedance matching and increase the bandwidth of the antenna; and adopts a differential feeding method when feeding the radiation patch, so that the polarization characteristics of the circularly polarized antenna can be more accurately controlled, cross-polarization interference is reduced, polarization purity is improved, the signal coverage range and quality can be significantly improved, interference is reduced, and user experience is improved;

[0018] (3) The four rectangulars with the same size are cut from the tail of each trapezoidal patch, which is designed to increase the axial ratio bandwidth, and the introduction of the trapezoidal patch can also improve the gain of the antenna; and the two groups of trapezoidal patches are symmetrically arranged about the center, which makes the antenna more compact and realizes miniaturization.

[0019] The technical solutions of the present application are described in further detail below by means of the drawings and examples. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0020] Figure 1 is the overall structure schematic diagram of a wide axial ratio circularly polarized patch antenna based on hybrid electromagnetic coupling technology according to the present application;

[0021] Figure 2 is the bottom structure schematic diagram of a wide axial ratio circularly polarized patch antenna based on hybrid electromagnetic coupling technology according to the present application;

[0022] Figure 3 is the size labeling schematic diagram in the top view state in an embodiment of a wide axial ratio circularly polarized patch antenna based on hybrid electromagnetic coupling technology according to the present application;

[0023] Figure 4 is the size labeling schematic diagram in the front view state in an embodiment of a wide axial ratio circularly polarized patch antenna based on hybrid electromagnetic coupling technology according to the present application;

[0024] Figure 5 is the simulation result diagram of the reflection coefficient of a wide axial ratio circularly polarized patch antenna based on hybrid electromagnetic coupling technology according to the present application;

[0025] Figure 6 is the simulation result diagram of the gain of a wide axial ratio circularly polarized patch antenna based on hybrid electromagnetic coupling technology according to the present application;

[0026] Figure 7 is the simulation result diagram of the axial ratio of a wide axial ratio circularly polarized patch antenna based on hybrid electromagnetic coupling technology according to the present application;

[0027] Figure 8 is the radiation pattern of a wide axial ratio circularly polarized patch antenna based on hybrid electromagnetic coupling technology according to the present application at 4900MHz.

[0028] REFERENCE NUMERALS

[0029] 1, cavity; 2, trapezoidal patch; 3, radiation patch; 4, feed point; 5, trapezoidal patch metal column; 6, lower cylindrical conductor; 7, upper cylindrical conductor; 8, radiation patch metal column; 9, probe; 10, feed structure. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0030] Embodiments of the present application are described below in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar numerals represent the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout the accompanying drawings. The embodiments described below by reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are intended to explain the present application, and cannot be understood as a limitation of the present application.

[0031] In the description of the present application, it should be understood that the terms "length", "width", "upper", "lower", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer" and the like indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and are only for the purpose of facilitating the description of the present application and simplifying the description, and therefore cannot be understood as indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation of the present application.

[0032] In addition, the terms "first", "second" are only for descriptive purposes and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Therefore, the features defined with "first", "second" can explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features. In the description of the present application, the meaning of "multiple" is two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited.

[0033] In the embodiments of the present application, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "mounting", "connection", "connection", "fixing" and the like should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be fixed connection, or detachable connection, or integral; it can be mechanical connection, or electrical connection; it can be directly connected, or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium; it can be the internal communication of two elements or the interaction relationship between two elements. For those skilled in the art, the specific meaning of the above terms in the present application can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0034] As shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2 The present application provides a wide axial ratio circularly polarized patch antenna based on hybrid electromagnetic coupling technology, which comprises a probe 9, a radiation patch 3, a trapezoidal patch 2, a feed structure 10 and a cavity 1 surrounding the above structures; the probe 9 has two in total, one end of each is connected with the coaxially arranged feed structure 10 corresponding to the bottom of the cavity 1, and the other end penetrates the bottom of the cavity 1 and is connected with the radiation patch 3; the radiation patch 3 is differentially fed by the two probes 9.

[0035] The feed structure 10 comprises an upper cylindrical conductor 7 and a lower cylindrical conductor 6, the upper cylindrical conductor 7 covers the upper surface of the lower cylindrical conductor 6, the upper cylindrical conductor 7 wraps the probe 9, and a circular feed surface with the same size as the lower surface of the upper cylindrical conductor 7 is further arranged on the lower surface of the upper cylindrical conductor 7 and directly connected with the probe 9.

[0036] Radiation patch 3 is arranged inside cavity 1, and a radiation patch metal column 8 is arranged at the bottom center of the radiation patch 3. The upper end of the radiation patch metal column 8 is connected with the radiation patch 3, and the lower end of the radiation patch metal column 8 is connected with the bottom of the cavity 1, which is used to support the radiation patch 3. One group of opposite angles of the radiation patch 3 is cut off a triangle with the same size, which realizes circular polarization. The other group of opposite angles is provided with a feeding point 4, and the feeding point 4 is provided with an embedded microstrip line, which realizes impedance matching.

[0037] The trapezoidal patch 2 has two groups, each group has two and is symmetric about the center, is arranged above the radiation patch 3, and is coupled and fed by the radiation patch 3. This arrangement makes the antenna more compact and realizes miniaturization. The tail of each trapezoidal patch 2 is provided with four rectangles with the same size, which is used to increase the axial ratio bandwidth. The middle and tail of the trapezoidal patch 2 are also provided with trapezoidal patch metal columns 5. The trapezoidal patch metal column 5 has 8, and the upper end is connected with the trapezoidal patch 2, and the lower end penetrates the bottom of the cavity 1. The lower end of the trapezoidal patch metal column 5 located in the middle of the trapezoidal patch 2 also penetrates the radiation patch 3.

[0038] The cavity 1 is a cuboid with the upper surface removed, and the bottom is located below the radiation patch 3 and above the feeding structure 10. The entire antenna structure is arranged above the bottom of the cavity 1, and the four sides around the cavity 1 surround the entire antenna structure.

[0039] The characteristics of the circularly polarized patch antenna are further described in combination with the following test.

[0040] As Figure 3 and Figure 4As shown, in the experiment, taking the impedance bandwidth of 3346-5054MHz as an example, the optimal size is optimized as follows: the length and width of the bottom surface of the cavity 1 are Lg=85mm and Wg=85mm respectively, the height is Hg=12mm, the overall thickness of the cavity 1 and the thickness of the radiation patch 3 are both Ts=1mm; one group of diagonals of the radiation patch 3 is cut off a triangle with a height of Ht=19.2mm and a base of Wt=19.2mm, the remaining part has a side length of Ls=24.8mm, the other group of diagonals is provided with a microstrip line with a length of L1=12.8mm and a width of W1=2.5mm, and the edge at a distance of d=2.35mm from the microstrip line is trimmed into an arc, the part of the microstrip line that is bent has a height of Hga=1.8mm, the radiation patch metal column 8 that supports the radiation patch 3 has a height of H1=2.5mm and a radius of R1=2.5mm; the trapezoidal patch 2 is originally rectangular with a length of Lu=23.9mm and a width of Wu=23.7mm, the head part is cut off two triangles with a height of Ht1=10mm and a base of Wt1=16mm, the tail part is cut off four rectangles with a length of L2=5mm and a width of W2=3mm, the distance between the adjacent two rectangles is d1=0.95mm, the trapezoidal patch metal column 5 that supports the trapezoidal patch 2 has eight metal columns with the same size, a height of H3=12mm and a radius of R3=1.5mm, the distance between the radiation patch 3 and the trapezoidal patch 2 is Hj=6.5mm; the probe 9 has a radius of 0.65mm and a length of Hz=5.5mm; the feeding structure 10 is composed of the upper cylindrical conductor 7 that wraps the probe 9 and the lower cylindrical conductor 6 below it, which is coaxial with the probe 9 and located below the ground plane, the upper cylindrical conductor 7 that wraps the probe 9 has a radius of R4=2mm and a height of H4=2mm, and the lower cylindrical conductor 6 has a radius of R5=4mm and a height of H5=2mm.

[0041] As shown in Figure 5 As can be seen from the simulation results in the figure, the antenna has a working range covering 3346-5054MHz, an absolute bandwidth of 1708MHz, a wideband characteristic, and can meet the demand of multi-frequency band communication.

[0042] As shown in Figure 6 As can be seen from the results in the figure, the gain of the antenna in the frequency band of 3346-5054MHz is all above 9.15dB, and the highest can reach 11.68dB, which has a high gain characteristic.

[0043] As shown in Figures 7-8 As can be seen from the results in the figure, the axial ratio of the antenna in the frequency band of 3373-4970MHz is all less than 3dB, which has a relatively high axial ratio bandwidth.

[0044] Therefore, the application provides a wide axial ratio circularly polarized patch antenna based on a hybrid electromagnetic coupling technology.

[0045] Finally, it should be noted that the above examples are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present application, but not to limit it. Although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that the technical solutions of the present application can still be modified or equivalently replaced, and these modifications or equivalent replacements should not make the modified technical solutions deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present application.

Claims

1. A wide-axis ratio circularly polarized patch antenna based on hybrid electromagnetic coupling technology, characterized in that, include: The device comprises a probe, a radiating patch, a trapezoidal patch, a power supply structure, and a cavity. The radiating patch is located inside the cavity, with a metal pillar at its bottom center. The upper end of the metal pillar is connected to the radiating patch, and the lower end is connected to the bottom of the cavity. The trapezoidal patch is positioned above the radiating patch, and the power supply structure is positioned below the bottom of the cavity. The radiating patches are located below the trapezoidal patches and do not contact each other; one set of opposite corners of the radiating patches has triangles of the same size cut off, and another set of opposite corners is provided with feed points, and the feed points are provided with embedded microstrip lines; There are two sets of trapezoidal patches, two in each set and symmetrical about the center, which are arranged above the radial patch; the tail of each trapezoidal patch is set with four rectangles of the same size cut off on both sides, and trapezoidal patch metal pillars are also provided in the middle and tail. The number of trapezoidal patch metal pillars is 8, with their upper ends connected to the trapezoidal patch and their lower ends passing through the bottom of the cavity.

2. The wide-axis ratio circularly polarized patch antenna based on hybrid electromagnetic coupling technology according to claim 1, characterized in that, The probe is a power supply device, with one end passing through the bottom of the cavity and connected to the radiation patch, and the other end connected to the power supply structure.

3. A wide-axis ratio circularly polarized patch antenna based on hybrid electromagnetic coupling technology according to claim 2, characterized in that, The power supply structure includes an upper cylindrical conductor and a lower cylindrical conductor, the upper cylindrical conductor covering the upper surface of the lower cylindrical conductor, and the upper cylindrical conductor enclosing the probe.

4. A wide-axis ratio circularly polarized patch antenna based on hybrid electromagnetic coupling technology according to claim 3, characterized in that, The lower surface of the upper cylindrical conductor is provided with a circular feeding surface of the same size as its lower surface area.

5. A wide-axis ratio circularly polarized patch antenna based on hybrid electromagnetic coupling technology according to claim 1, characterized in that, The lower end of the trapezoidal patch metal pillar in the middle of the trapezoidal patch also passes through the radiating patch.

6. A wide-axis ratio circularly polarized patch antenna based on hybrid electromagnetic coupling technology according to claim 1, characterized in that, The cavity is a cuboid with its upper surface removed, and its bottom is located below the radiating patch and above the feeding structure.

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