Photovoltaic module and method of manufacturing the same

Abstract

This application relates to a photovoltaic module and its fabrication method. The fabrication method of the photovoltaic module includes the following steps: providing a solar cell; covering the front side of the solar cell with an uncured film layer; and attaching a plurality of microparticles to the film layer using a physical adsorption process; wherein the radial size of the microparticles is 1 μm to 10 μm. This application can improve the morphology of the film layer surface, thereby reducing light loss from the film layer surface.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of battery technology, and in particular to a photovoltaic module and its preparation method. Background Technology

[0002] Back-contact (BC) solar cells are a special type of solar cell design. Their main characteristic is that the metal contact points are located on the back of the cell, which helps reduce shading on the front surface and improves the cell's photoelectric conversion efficiency. With continuous technological advancements and cost reductions, back-contact solar cells are expected to see wider application in the future.

[0003] However, currently, after the front of BC solar cells is coated, the film layer is prone to bubbles and roughness, which will cause some light loss. In addition, the rough film layer surface makes the cells easy to be scratched during the stacking process.

[0004] Therefore, how to improve the morphology of the film surface to reduce light loss on the film surface is an urgent problem to be solved. Summary of the Invention

[0005] Based on this, embodiments of this application provide a photovoltaic module and its preparation method, which can improve the morphology of the film surface and thereby reduce light loss on the film surface.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, in a first aspect, some embodiments of this application provide a method for manufacturing a photovoltaic module, comprising the following steps:

[0007] Provides solar cells; the front side of the solar cells is covered with an uncured film layer;

[0008] A number of microparticles are attached to the membrane layer using a physical adsorption process; the radial size of the microparticles is 1 μm to 10 μm.

[0009] In some embodiments of this application, the physical adsorption process for attaching a number of microparticles to a film layer includes the following steps:

[0010] Several particles enter the adsorption chamber through the particle inlet tube;

[0011] The battery cells are transferred into the adsorption chamber;

[0012] Several particles adhere to the membrane under the influence of gravity, achieving physical adsorption between the particles and the membrane.

[0013] In some embodiments of this application, before conveying the battery cell into the adsorption chamber, the method further includes:

[0014] The battery cells are conveyed to a first cleaning chamber equipped with a first purge pipe, where they are cleaned using the first purge pipe. The first purge pipe also serves to prevent particles from entering the external environment.

[0015] In some embodiments of this application, the ratio of the adhesion area of ​​the microparticles to the surface area of ​​the film is not less than 70%.

[0016] In some embodiments of this application, the surface of the microparticles is smooth. The hardness of the microparticles is less than that of silicon nitride.

[0017] In some embodiments of this application, after attaching several particles to the film layer using a physical adsorption process, the process further includes: curing the film layer using a curing process.

[0018] In some embodiments of this application, after a number of particles are attached to the film layer using a physical adsorption process, the process further includes: conveying the battery cell to a second cleaning chamber having a second purge tube, retaining the particles attached to the film layer, and cleaning the remaining particles using the second purge tube.

[0019] Secondly, some embodiments of this application also provide a photovoltaic module, comprising: a film layer and a plurality of microparticles attached to the film layer. The radial size of the microparticles is 1 μm to 10 μm.

[0020] In some embodiments of this application, the ratio of the adhesion area of ​​the microparticles to the surface area of ​​the film is not less than 70%.

[0021] In some embodiments of this application, the surface of the microparticles is smooth. The hardness of the microparticles is less than that of silicon nitride.

[0022] The photovoltaic module and its manufacturing method provided in this application have, or at least have, the following advantages:

[0023] In this embodiment, the front side of the solar cell is covered with an uncured film layer. A physical adsorption process is used to attach several microparticles with radial dimensions of 1μm to 10μm to the film layer. This directly improves the morphology of the film layer on the front side of the cell, making the surface more uniform, reducing light reflection, increasing the number of incident photons, increasing the cell current, and reducing current loss caused by the coating. Simultaneously, attaching microparticles to the film layer increases the surface undulation of the film, thereby increasing the light-trapping effect and reducing light loss at the film surface. Furthermore, in this embodiment, the equipment used in the photovoltaic module fabrication method is not a vacuum device and can be integrated into existing production equipment for assembly line production.

[0024] Furthermore, in the embodiments of this application, the use of microparticles with smooth surfaces and / or a hardness less than that of silicon nitride can reduce the contact area between the solar cells without damaging them, that is, reduce the possibility of scratching the solar cells. Attached Figure Description

[0025] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application or the conventional technology, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the conventional technology will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0026] Figure 1 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of a photovoltaic module;

[0027] Figure 2 A schematic flowchart illustrating a method for manufacturing a photovoltaic module according to some embodiments of this application;

[0028] Figure 3 This is a schematic flowchart of step S200 in a method for preparing a photovoltaic module provided in some embodiments of this application;

[0029] Figure 4 A schematic cross-sectional view of the structure obtained in step S100 of a method for manufacturing a photovoltaic module according to some embodiments of this application;

[0030] Figure 5 A cross-sectional structural schematic diagram of a photovoltaic module modification device provided for some embodiments of this application;

[0031] Figure 6 This is a cross-sectional structural diagram of the structure obtained in step S200 of a photovoltaic module fabrication method provided in some embodiments of this application; and, Figure 6 This is also a cross-sectional structural diagram of a photovoltaic module provided in some embodiments of this application.

[0032] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures:

[0033] 1-Battery cell; 10-Substrate; 11-Antireflective layer; 2-Film layer; 3-Microparticles; 41-Microparticle inlet pipe; 42-Microparticle outlet pipe; 43-Purge pipe; 5-First purge pipe; 51-First upper purge pipe; 52-First lower purge pipe; 6-Conveyor belt; 7-Second purge pipe; 71-Second upper purge pipe; 72-Second lower purge pipe;

[0034] A - Adsorption chamber; B - First cleaning chamber; C - Second cleaning chamber. Detailed Implementation

[0035] To facilitate understanding of this application, a more complete description will be provided below with reference to the accompanying drawings, which illustrate preferred embodiments of the application. However, this application may be implemented in many different forms and is not limited to the embodiments described herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that the disclosure of this application will be thorough and complete.

[0036] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs. The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the application.

[0037] It should be understood that although the terms "first" and "second" may be used to describe various elements, components, areas, layers, collector structures, and / or portions, these elements, components, areas, layers, collector structures, and / or portions should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one element, component, area, layer, collector structure, or portion from another element, component, area, layer, collector structure, or portion. Therefore, without departing from the teachings of this application, the first element, component, area, layer, collector structure, or portion discussed below may be referred to as a second element, component, area, layer, or portion; for example, the first collector structure may be referred to as the second collector structure, and similarly, the second collector structure may be referred to as the first collector structure; the first collector structure and the second collector structure are different collector structures. It should be understood that, in addition to the orientations shown in the figures, spatial relationship terms also include different orientations of devices in use and operation. For example, if the devices in the figures are flipped, elements or features described as "below" or "under" or "beneath" other elements or features will be oriented "on" other elements or features. Therefore, the exemplary terms "below" and "under" can include both upper and lower orientations. Furthermore, the device may also include other orientations (e.g., rotated 90 degrees or other orientations), and the spatial descriptive terms used herein are interpreted accordingly.

[0038] When used herein, the singular forms of “a,” “an,” and “the” may also include the plural forms unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It should also be understood that when the terms “comprise” and / or “comprising” are used in this specification, the presence of the stated feature, integer, step, operation, element, and / or part is established, but the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, parts, and / or groups is not excluded. Meanwhile, when used herein, the term “and / or” includes any and all combinations of the associated listed items.

[0039] Solar cells, also known as solar chips or photovoltaic cells, can instantly output voltage and generate current when exposed to light under certain illumination conditions. In physics, this process is called solar photovoltaic, or simply photovoltaic. The main principle of solar cells is the photovoltaic effect or photochemical effect, through which light energy can be directly converted into electrical energy.

[0040] Back-contact (BC) solar cells are a special type of solar cell design where the metal contact points are located on the back of the cell, rather than the front surface in traditional designs. This design helps reduce shading on the front surface, improving the cell's photoelectric conversion efficiency. BC solar cells offer many advantages, such as higher photoelectric conversion efficiency, lower temperature coefficient, and better low-light response, making them promising for widespread application in the photovoltaic field. With continuous technological advancements and cost reductions, BC solar cells are expected to see even wider adoption in the future.

[0041] Among these, busbar-less technology is an important direction in the future cost reduction development of BC solar cells. The coating connection method for BC solar cells is applicable to both busbar-less and low-temperature connection schemes. It involves pre-fixing the solder ribbon onto the cell by heating the adhesive film, and completing the final electrical connection during lamination. However, please refer to... Figure 1 Currently, after the front of the solar cell 1 (including the stacked substrate 10 and antireflection layer 11) is coated, bubbles 21 and a rough surface are prone to appear in the film layer 2 (e.g., Figure 1 As shown in the figure, the rough surface of film layer 2 causes some light loss (the arrows in the figure indicate the direction of light propagation), and the rough surface of film layer 2 makes the solar cells prone to scratches during the stacking process. Therefore, how to improve the surface morphology of the film layer to reduce light loss is an urgent problem to be solved.

[0042] Based on this, this application provides a photovoltaic module and its preparation method, which can improve the morphology of the film surface and thereby reduce light loss on the film surface.

[0043] Please see Figure 2 This application provides a method for preparing a photovoltaic module, including steps S100 to S200.

[0044] S100 provides solar cells. The front side of the solar cell is covered with an uncured film layer.

[0045] S200 uses a physical adsorption process to attach several microparticles to the membrane layer. The radial size of the microparticles ranges from 1 μm to 10 μm.

[0046] In this embodiment, the front side of the solar cell is covered with an uncured film layer. A physical adsorption process is used to attach several microparticles with radial dimensions of 1μm to 10μm to the film layer. This directly improves the morphology of the film layer on the front side of the cell, making the surface more uniform, reducing light reflection, increasing the number of incident photons, increasing the cell current, and reducing current loss caused by the coating. Simultaneously, attaching microparticles to the film layer increases the surface undulation of the film, thereby increasing the light-trapping effect and reducing light loss at the film surface. Furthermore, in this embodiment, the equipment used in the photovoltaic module fabrication method is not a vacuum device and can be integrated into existing production equipment for assembly line production.

[0047] In some examples, the radial size of particle 3 can be: 1μm~2μm, 2μm~3μm, 3μm~4μm, 4μm~5μm, 5μm~6μm, 6μm~7μm, 7μm~8μm, 8μm~9μm, or 9μm~10μm. For example, the radial size of particle 3 can be: 1μm, 1.5μm, 2μm, 2.5μm, 3μm, 3.5μm, 4μm, 4.5μm, 5μm, 5.5μm, 6μm, 6.5μm, 7μm, 7.5μm, 8μm, 8.5μm, 9μm, 9.5μm, or 10μm, etc.

[0048] In some embodiments, please refer to Figure 3 Step S200 employs a physical adsorption process to attach several microparticles onto the membrane layer, including steps S210 to S230.

[0049] S210, several particles enter the adsorption chamber through the particle inlet tube.

[0050] S220 transfers the solar cells into the adsorption chamber.

[0051] S230: Several particles adhere to the membrane layer under the action of gravity, realizing the physical adsorption between the particles and the membrane layer.

[0052] In some embodiments, before step S220 conveying the battery cell into the adsorption chamber, step S215 is further included:

[0053] The battery cells are conveyed to a first cleaning chamber equipped with a first purge pipe, where they are cleaned using the first purge pipe. The first purge pipe also serves to prevent particles from entering the external environment.

[0054] In some embodiments, the ratio of the attachment area of ​​the microparticles to the surface area of ​​the film is not less than 70%.

[0055] In some examples, the ratio of the attachment area of ​​the particles 3 to the surface area of ​​the film layer 2 can be 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, or 100%, etc.

[0056] In some embodiments, the particle surface is smooth. The particle hardness is less than that of silicon nitride.

[0057] In this embodiment of the application, the use of microparticles with smooth surfaces and / or a hardness less than that of silicon nitride can reduce the contact area between the solar cells without damaging them, that is, reduce the possibility of scratching the solar cells.

[0058] It should be noted that in the above embodiments, the execution order of the steps in the method is not strictly limited. These steps may not necessarily be executed in the described order, but may be executed in other ways. Moreover, at least a portion of any step may include multiple sub-steps or multiple stages. These sub-steps or stages are not necessarily completed at the same time, but may be executed at different times. The execution order of these sub-steps or stages is not necessarily sequential, but may be executed alternately or in turn with other steps or at least a portion of the sub-steps or stages of other steps. The method is limited to the ability to fabricate the corresponding photovoltaic module.

[0059] Based on this, regarding the photovoltaic module preparation methods provided in the above embodiments, the following embodiments illustrate some methods as possible implementations of the above preparation methods.

[0060] In some embodiments, after step S200 uses a physical adsorption process to attach several particles to the film layer, the process further includes step S300: using a curing process to cure the film layer.

[0061] In some embodiments, after step S200 uses a physical adsorption process to attach a number of particles to the membrane layer, the process further includes step S300': conveying the battery cell to a second cleaning chamber having a second purge tube, retaining the particles attached to the membrane layer, and cleaning the remaining particles using the second purge tube.

[0062] To more clearly illustrate the photovoltaic module manufacturing method provided in the above embodiments, the following is combined with... Figures 4-6 The preparation method is described in detail.

[0063] In step S100, please refer to Figure 4 A solar cell 1 is provided. The front side of the solar cell 1 is covered with an uncured film layer 2.

[0064] In some examples, the solar cell 1 includes a substrate 10 and an antireflection layer 11 stacked sequentially.

[0065] For example, the substrate 10 includes a base. The base has a first surface and a second surface disposed opposite to each other, wherein the first surface of the base can be a front surface and the second surface is a back surface, or the first surface of the base can be a back surface and the second surface is a front surface.

[0066] Furthermore, for example, the battery is a single-sided battery, where the front side of the substrate can serve as the light-receiving surface to receive incident light, and the back side serves as the backlight surface.

[0067] For example, the front side of the substrate has a raised pyramid structure. An antireflective layer 11 covers the pyramid structure.

[0068] For example, the substrate includes: a textured crystalline silicon substrate or a textured glass substrate.

[0069] In some examples, the cross-sectional area of ​​the pyramid structure closer to the anti-reflection layer 11 is smaller than the cross-sectional area of ​​the pyramid structure farther away from the anti-reflection layer 11.

[0070] It should be noted that the cross-sectional area of ​​the pyramid structure can gradually increase along the direction away from the anti-reflection layer 11. The cross-section of the pyramid structure can be triangular or circular. The size and shape of any cross-section of the pyramid structure in this application are not limited.

[0071] In some embodiments, the antireflective layer 11 is used to reduce or eliminate reflected light from the surface of the solar cell, thereby increasing the amount of light transmitted from the surface of the solar cell and reducing or eliminating stray light in the system.

[0072] In some examples, the antireflection layer 11 is made of silicon nitride or silicon oxynitride.

[0073] In some embodiments, an uncured film layer 2 may be formed on the front side of the battery cell 1 using a vapor deposition method.

[0074] In some embodiments, film layer 2 includes an adhesive film.

[0075] In step S210, please refer to Figure 5 Several particles 3 enter the adsorption chamber A through the particle inlet pipe 41.

[0076] In some examples, the radial size of particle 3 can be: 1μm~2μm, 2μm~3μm, 3μm~4μm, 4μm~5μm, 5μm~6μm, 6μm~7μm, 7μm~8μm, 8μm~9μm, or 9μm~10μm. For example, the radial size of particle 3 can be: 1μm, 1.5μm, 2μm, 2.5μm, 3μm, 3.5μm, 4μm, 4.5μm, 5μm, 5.5μm, 6μm, 6.5μm, 7μm, 7.5μm, 8μm, 8.5μm, 9μm, 9.5μm, or 10μm, etc.

[0077] In some embodiments, the surface of particle 3 is smooth. The hardness of particle 3 is less than that of silicon nitride.

[0078] In this embodiment, the use of particles 3 with smooth surfaces and / or less hardness than silicon nitride can reduce the contact area between the battery cells 1 without damaging the battery cells 1, that is, reduce the possibility of scratching the battery cells 1.

[0079] It should be noted that, in this embodiment of the application, the adsorption chamber A is not a vacuum device and can be integrated into existing production equipment for assembly line production.

[0080] In some embodiments, a particulate discharge pipe 42 is further provided in the adsorption chamber A. The particulate discharge pipe 42 is used to remove residual particulates 3 from the chamber.

[0081] In step S215, please continue reading. Figure 5 The battery cell 1 is conveyed to a first cleaning chamber B with a first purge pipe 5, and the battery cell 1 is cleaned using the first purge pipe 5. The first purge pipe 5 also serves to prevent particulate matter 3 from entering the external environment of the equipment.

[0082] It should be noted that, in this embodiment of the application, the first cleaning chamber B is not a vacuum device and can be integrated into existing production equipment for assembly line production.

[0083] In some embodiments, a conveyor belt 6 may be used to convey the battery cell 1 to a first cleaning chamber B having a first purge pipe 5.

[0084] In some embodiments, the first purge tube 5 includes a first upper purge tube 51 and a first lower purge tube 52.

[0085] In some examples, the first upper purge pipe 51 is used to clean the surface of the battery cell 1, and the first lower purge pipe 52 is used to clean the surface of the conveyor belt 6.

[0086] Furthermore, in some examples, the first upper purge pipe 51 can clean the surface of the battery cell 1 by using nitrogen gas to purge it. The first lower purge pipe 52 can clean the surface of the conveyor belt 6 by using nitrogen gas to purge it.

[0087] In some embodiments, a particulate discharge pipe 42 is further provided in the first cleaning chamber B. The particulate discharge pipe 42 is used to remove residual particulates 3 from the chamber.

[0088] In step S220, please refer to... Figure 5 The battery cell 1 is transferred to the adsorption chamber A.

[0089] In some embodiments, a conveyor belt 6 can be used to convey the battery cell 1 into the adsorption chamber A.

[0090] In some examples, a purge pipe 43 is also provided inside the adsorption chamber. The purge pipe 43 is used to clean the surface of the conveyor belt 6.

[0091] In some examples, the purge pipe 43 can clean the surface of the conveyor belt 6 by using nitrogen gas to purge the surface of the conveyor belt 6.

[0092] In step S230, please continue reading. Figure 5 and Figure 6 Several particles 3 adhere to the membrane layer 2 under the action of gravity, realizing the physical adsorption of particles 3 and membrane layer 2.

[0093] In some examples, a number of particles 3 enter the adsorption chamber A through the particle inlet pipe 41, and the particles 3 fall onto the film layer 2 on the front side of the battery cell 1 in the adsorption chamber A.

[0094] In some embodiments, the ratio of the attachment area of ​​the particles 3 to the surface area of ​​the film layer 2 is not less than 70%.

[0095] In some examples, the ratio of the attachment area of ​​the particles 3 to the surface area of ​​the film layer 2 can be 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, or 100%, etc.

[0096] In step S300, the film layer is cured using a curing process.

[0097] In step S300', the battery cell 1 is conveyed to the second cleaning chamber C with the second purge tube 7, the particles 3 attached to the film layer 2 are retained, and the remaining particles 3 are cleaned using the second purge tube 7.

[0098] It should be noted that, in this embodiment of the application, the second cleaning chamber C is not a vacuum device and can be integrated into existing production equipment for assembly line production.

[0099] In some embodiments, a conveyor belt 6 may be used to convey the battery cell 1 to a second cleaning chamber C having a second purge pipe 7.

[0100] In some embodiments, the second purge pipe 7 includes a second upper purge pipe 71 and a second lower purge pipe 72.

[0101] In some examples, the second upper purge pipe 71 is used to clean the surface of the battery cell 1, and the second lower purge pipe 72 is used to clean the surface of the conveyor belt 6.

[0102] Furthermore, in some examples, the second upper purge pipe 71 can clean the remaining particles 3 by using nitrogen to purge the surface of the battery cell 1, thus retaining the particles 3 attached to the film layer 2. The second lower purge pipe 72 can clean the surface of the conveyor belt 6 by using nitrogen to purge the surface of the conveyor belt 6.

[0103] In some embodiments, a particulate discharge pipe 42 is further provided in the second cleaning chamber C. The particulate discharge pipe 42 is used to remove residual particulates 3 from the chamber.

[0104] Please continue reading. Figure 6 Some embodiments of this application also provide a photovoltaic module, including: a film layer 2 and a plurality of particles 3 attached to the film layer 2. The radial dimensions of the particles 3 are 1 μm to 10 μm.

[0105] In this embodiment, the photovoltaic module adopts the structure described above. The technical effects that the photovoltaic module can achieve are the same as those that the photovoltaic module preparation method in the foregoing embodiments can achieve, and will not be described in detail here.

[0106] In some examples, the radial size of particle 3 can be: 1μm~2μm, 2μm~3μm, 3μm~4μm, 4μm~5μm, 5μm~6μm, 6μm~7μm, 7μm~8μm, 8μm~9μm, or 9μm~10μm. For example, the radial size of particle 3 can be: 1μm, 1.5μm, 2μm, 2.5μm, 3μm, 3.5μm, 4μm, 4.5μm, 5μm, 5.5μm, 6μm, 6.5μm, 7μm, 7.5μm, 8μm, 8.5μm, 9μm, 9.5μm, or 10μm, etc.

[0107] In some embodiments, the ratio of the attachment area of ​​the particles 3 to the surface area of ​​the film layer 2 is not less than 70%.

[0108] In some examples, the ratio of the attachment area of ​​the particles 3 to the surface area of ​​the film layer 2 can be 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, or 100%, etc.

[0109] In some embodiments, the surface of particle 3 is smooth. The hardness of particle 3 is less than that of silicon nitride.

[0110] In this embodiment, the use of particles 3 with smooth surfaces and / or less hardness than silicon nitride can reduce the contact area between the battery cells 1 without damaging the battery cells 1, that is, reduce the possibility of scratching the battery cells 1.

[0111] In some embodiments, the film layer 2 covers the front side of the battery cell 1.

[0112] In some examples, the solar cell 1 includes a substrate 10 and an antireflection layer 11 stacked sequentially.

[0113] For example, the substrate 10 includes a base. The base has a first surface and a second surface disposed opposite to each other, wherein the first surface of the base can be a front surface and the second surface is a back surface, or the first surface of the base can be a back surface and the second surface is a front surface.

[0114] Furthermore, for example, the battery is a single-sided battery, where the front side of the substrate can serve as the light-receiving surface to receive incident light, and the back side serves as the backlight surface.

[0115] For example, the front side of the substrate has a raised pyramid structure. An antireflective layer 11 covers the pyramid structure.

[0116] For example, the substrate includes: a textured crystalline silicon substrate or a textured glass substrate.

[0117] In some examples, the cross-sectional area of ​​the pyramid structure closer to the anti-reflection layer 11 is smaller than the cross-sectional area of ​​the pyramid structure farther away from the anti-reflection layer 11.

[0118] It should be noted that the cross-sectional area of ​​the pyramid structure can gradually increase along the direction away from the anti-reflection layer 11. The cross-section of the pyramid structure can be triangular or circular. The size and shape of any cross-section of the pyramid structure in this application are not limited.

[0119] In some embodiments, the antireflective layer 11 is used to reduce or eliminate reflected light from the surface of the solar cell, thereby increasing the amount of light transmitted from the surface of the solar cell and reducing or eliminating stray light in the system.

[0120] In some examples, the antireflection layer 11 is made of silicon nitride or silicon oxynitride.

[0121] In some embodiments, an uncured film layer 2 may be formed on the front side of the battery cell 1 using a vapor deposition method.

[0122] In some embodiments, film layer 2 includes an adhesive film.

[0123] Please continue reading. Figure 5 Some embodiments of this application also provide a photovoltaic module modification apparatus for implementing the photovoltaic module preparation method described in the above embodiments. The photovoltaic module modification apparatus also possesses all the technical effects of the photovoltaic module preparation method described in the above embodiments, and will not be detailed here.

[0124] In some embodiments, the photovoltaic module modification apparatus includes: an adsorption chamber A, a first cleaning chamber B, and a second cleaning chamber C. A first purge pipe 5 is disposed in the first cleaning chamber B. The first purge pipe 5 is used to clean the solar cell 1 with an uncured film layer 2 covering its front side, and to prevent particles 3 from entering the external environment. The adsorption chamber A is connected to the first cleaning chamber B. A particle inlet pipe 41 is disposed in the adsorption chamber A. The particle inlet pipe 41 is used to transport a plurality of particles 3 to the adsorption chamber A, achieving physical adsorption between the particles 3 and the film layer 2. The second cleaning chamber C is connected to the adsorption chamber A. A second purge pipe 7 is disposed in the second cleaning chamber C. The second purge pipe 7 is used to clean the remaining particles 3, retaining the particles 3 attached to the film layer 2.

[0125] It should be noted that, in this embodiment of the application, the adsorption chamber A, the first cleaning chamber B, and the second cleaning chamber C are not vacuum equipment and can be integrated into existing production equipment for assembly line production.

[0126] In some embodiments, the photovoltaic module modification device is mainly divided into two functional zones: a purging zone (first cleaning chamber B and second cleaning chamber C) and a particulate attachment zone (adsorption chamber A). The number of the two functional zones can be adjusted according to actual needs. This embodiment takes three chambers as an example. They are, in order, the first cleaning chamber B, the adsorption chamber A, and the second cleaning chamber C.

[0127] In some embodiments, the radial size of the particle 3 is 1 μm to 10 μm.

[0128] In some examples, the radial size of particle 3 can be: 1μm~2μm, 2μm~3μm, 3μm~4μm, 4μm~5μm, 5μm~6μm, 6μm~7μm, 7μm~8μm, 8μm~9μm, or 9μm~10μm. For example, the radial size of particle 3 can be: 1μm, 1.5μm, 2μm, 2.5μm, 3μm, 3.5μm, 4μm, 4.5μm, 5μm, 5.5μm, 6μm, 6.5μm, 7μm, 7.5μm, 8μm, 8.5μm, 9μm, 9.5μm, or 10μm, etc.

[0129] In some embodiments, a particulate discharge pipe 42 is further provided in the adsorption chamber A. The particulate discharge pipe 42 is used to remove residual particulates 3 from the chamber.

[0130] In some embodiments, the first purge tube 5 includes a first upper purge tube 51 and a first lower purge tube 52.

[0131] In some examples, the first upper purge pipe 51 is used to clean the surface of the battery cell 1, and the first lower purge pipe 52 is used to clean the surface of the conveyor belt 6.

[0132] Furthermore, in some examples, the first upper purge pipe 51 can clean the surface of the battery cell 1 by using nitrogen gas to purge it. The first lower purge pipe 52 can clean the surface of the conveyor belt 6 by using nitrogen gas to purge it.

[0133] In some examples, the solar cell 1 includes a substrate 10 and an antireflection layer 11 stacked sequentially.

[0134] For example, the substrate 10 includes a base. The base has a first surface and a second surface disposed opposite to each other, wherein the first surface of the base can be a front surface and the second surface is a back surface, or the first surface of the base can be a back surface and the second surface is a front surface.

[0135] Furthermore, for example, the battery is a single-sided battery, where the front side of the substrate can serve as the light-receiving surface to receive incident light, and the back side serves as the backlight surface.

[0136] For example, the front side of the substrate has a raised pyramid structure. An antireflective layer 11 covers the pyramid structure.

[0137] For example, the substrate includes: a textured crystalline silicon substrate or a textured glass substrate.

[0138] In some examples, the cross-sectional area of ​​the pyramid structure closer to the anti-reflection layer 11 is smaller than the cross-sectional area of ​​the pyramid structure farther away from the anti-reflection layer 11.

[0139] It should be noted that the cross-sectional area of ​​the pyramid structure can gradually increase along the direction away from the anti-reflection layer 11. The cross-section of the pyramid structure can be triangular or circular. The size and shape of any cross-section of the pyramid structure in this application are not limited.

[0140] In some embodiments, the antireflective layer 11 is used to reduce or eliminate reflected light from the surface of the solar cell, thereby increasing the amount of light transmitted from the surface of the solar cell and reducing or eliminating stray light in the system.

[0141] In some examples, the antireflection layer 11 is made of silicon nitride or silicon oxynitride.

[0142] In some embodiments, an uncured film layer 2 may be formed on the front side of the battery cell 1 using a vapor deposition method.

[0143] In some embodiments, film layer 2 includes an adhesive film.

[0144] In some embodiments, a particulate discharge pipe 42 is further provided in the first cleaning chamber B. The particulate discharge pipe 42 is used to remove residual particulates 3 from the chamber.

[0145] In some examples, a purge pipe 43 is also provided inside the adsorption chamber. The purge pipe 43 is used to clean the surface of the conveyor belt 6.

[0146] In some examples, the purge pipe 43 can clean the surface of the conveyor belt 6 by using nitrogen gas to purge the surface of the conveyor belt 6.

[0147] In some embodiments, a conveyor belt 6 may be used to convey the battery cell 1 to a second cleaning chamber C having a second purge pipe 7.

[0148] In some embodiments, the second purge pipe 7 includes a second upper purge pipe 71 and a second lower purge pipe 72.

[0149] In some examples, the second upper purge pipe 71 is used to clean the surface of the battery cell 1, and the second lower purge pipe 72 is used to clean the surface of the conveyor belt 6.

[0150] Furthermore, in some examples, the second upper purge pipe 71 can clean the remaining particles 3 by using nitrogen to purge the surface of the battery cell 1, thus retaining the particles 3 attached to the film layer 2. The second lower purge pipe 72 can clean the surface of the conveyor belt 6 by using nitrogen to purge the surface of the conveyor belt 6.

[0151] In some embodiments, a particulate discharge pipe 42 is further provided in the second cleaning chamber C. The particulate discharge pipe 42 is used to remove residual particulates 3 from the chamber.

[0152] The technical features of the above embodiments can be combined in any way. For the sake of brevity, not all possible combinations of the technical features of the above embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this specification.

[0153] The embodiments described above are merely illustrative of several implementation methods of this application, and while the descriptions are relatively specific and detailed, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the patent application. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of this application, and these all fall within the protection scope of this application. Therefore, the protection scope of this patent application should be determined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A method for preparing a photovoltaic module, characterized in that, include: Provide battery cells; The front side of the battery cell is covered with an uncured film layer; the film layer includes an adhesive film; A number of microparticles are attached to the film layer using a physical adsorption process; wherein the radial size of the microparticles is 1 μm to 10 μm. The process of attaching a number of microparticles to the membrane layer using physical adsorption includes: the number of microparticles attaching to the membrane layer under the action of gravity, thereby achieving physical adsorption between the microparticles and the membrane layer; The surface of the particles is smooth; the hardness of the particles is less than that of silicon nitride.

2. The method for preparing a photovoltaic module as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The process of attaching several particles to the membrane using physical adsorption includes: The particles enter the adsorption chamber through the particle inlet tube; The battery cell is transferred into the adsorption chamber; The particles adhere to the membrane under the influence of gravity, thus achieving physical adsorption between the particles and the membrane.

3. The method for preparing a photovoltaic module as described in claim 2, characterized in that, Before conveying the battery cell into the adsorption chamber, the method further includes: The battery cell is conveyed to a first cleaning chamber having a first purge pipe, and the battery cell is cleaned using the first purge pipe; The first purge tube is also used to prevent the particles from entering the external environment of the equipment.

4. The method for preparing a photovoltaic module as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The ratio of the adhesion area of ​​the particles to the surface area of ​​the film is not less than 70%.

5. The method for preparing a photovoltaic module as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The surface of the particles is smooth; the hardness of the particles is less than that of silicon nitride.

6. The method for preparing a photovoltaic module as described in claim 1, characterized in that, After attaching several microparticles to the membrane layer using a physical adsorption process, the method further includes: curing the membrane layer using a curing process.

7. The method for preparing a photovoltaic module as described in claim 1, characterized in that, After attaching several microparticles to the membrane layer using a physical adsorption process, the method further includes: The battery cell is conveyed to a second cleaning chamber with a second purge tube, retaining the particles attached to the membrane layer, and the remaining particles are cleaned using the second purge tube.

8. A photovoltaic module, characterized in that, The photovoltaic module is prepared by the method described in any one of claims 1 to 7, comprising: a film layer and a plurality of microparticles attached to the film layer; wherein the radial size of the microparticles is 1 μm to 10 μm; the film layer includes an encapsulant film.

9. The photovoltaic module as described in claim 8, characterized in that, The ratio of the adhesion area of ​​the particles to the surface area of ​​the film is not less than 70%.

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