Coal mining subsidence water area water surface crop planting device based on coal-series solid waste ceramsite

Abstract

The invention discloses a coal-series solid waste ceramsite-based water surface crop planting device and method for a coal mining subsidence water area, and the device comprises a plurality of ceramsite floating beds which are formed by connecting a plurality of ceramsite floating plate units through connecting pieces and are fixed through vertical fixing piles which are arranged at intervals; planting holes used for containing planting pots are formed in the inner areas of the ceramsite floating plate units, substrate layers composed of soil and ceramsite of different particle sizes are arranged in the planting pots, and appropriate aquatic economic crops are planted in the substrate layers. According to the coal-series solid waste ceramsite-based water surface crop planting device and method for the coal mining subsidence water area, a new solution is provided for solving the ecological environment and agricultural production problems of the coal mining subsidence water area through comprehensive utilization of waste resources and an ecological restoration technology.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the field of ecological restoration of coal mining subsidence waters and resource utilization of coal-based solid waste, and in particular relates to a surface crop planting device for coal mining subsidence waters based on coal-based solid waste ceramsite. Background Art

[0002] With the development and utilization of coal resources, the original natural ecological environment of the mining area will inevitably change. The surface subsidence and water subsidence caused by coal mining have greatly reduced the cultivated land area in the mining area and restricted traditional farming methods.

[0003] In addition, coal processing inevitably produces coal gangue, fly ash and other coal-based solid wastes. Due to the lack of efficient and reasonable resource utilization methods, the large accumulation of coal-based solid wastes has caused a huge waste of land resources and production space in the mining area, accompanied by the risk of spontaneous combustion of gangue heaps and heavy metal pollution, which seriously threatens the ecological environment and agricultural production in the mining area.

[0004] Therefore, in view of the above-mentioned problems, it is of great practical value to develop a surface crop planting device for coal mining subsidence waters based on coal-based solid waste expanded clay. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a device for planting crops on the surface of coal mining subsidence waters based on coal-based solid waste ceramsite, so as to solve the problems of reduced arable land resources and large accumulation of coal-based solid wastes caused by the development and utilization of coal resources. During the use of the device, economic crops can be planted on the surface of coal mining subsidence waters, while realizing the resource utilization of coal-based solid wastes.

[0006] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0007] A surface crop planting device for coal mining subsidence waters based on coal-based solid waste expanded clay, comprising a plurality of expanded clay floating beds, wherein the expanded clay floating beds are detachably connected by a plurality of expanded clay floating plate units through connectors, a waterway of a certain width is arranged between adjacent expanded clay floating beds, a plurality of fixing holes and connecting holes are arranged at the edge regions of the expanded clay floating plate units, a plurality of planting holes are evenly arranged at the inner regions of the expanded clay floating plate units, movable planting pots are placed in the planting holes, a plurality of water-permeable holes are arranged at the bottom of the planting pots, a matrix layer of different compositions and a filter screen of a certain aperture are arranged in the planting pots, and appropriate aquatic economic crops are planted in the matrix layer.

[0008] Furthermore, the expanded clay floating plate unit is made of coal-based solid waste expanded clay, and the coal-based solid waste mainly includes coal gangue and fly ash. The coal-based solid waste expanded clay is green and environmentally friendly, lightweight, hard, and has high porosity.

[0009] Furthermore, the expanded clay floating bed is composed of several rows and columns of expanded clay floating plate units, and the edge area of ​​the expanded clay floating plate units is provided with several fixing holes and connecting holes, the fixing holes are arranged at the four corners of the expanded clay floating plate units, and the connecting holes are evenly arranged around the expanded clay floating plate units.

[0010] Furthermore, the expanded clay floating bed is fixed by a plurality of fixing piles, and the fixing piles are vertically arranged at a certain interval in the arrangement direction of the expanded clay floating plate units, the upper ends of the fixing piles pass through the fixing holes and the lower ends are deeply buried in the water bottom, and the adjacent expanded clay floating plate units are detachably connected by connecting parts, and the connecting parts include nuts and U-bolts, and the two ends of the U-bolts pass through the connecting holes of different expanded clay floating plate units, and the nuts are fastened to the two ends of the U-bolts.

[0011] Furthermore, a channel of appropriate width is provided between adjacent expanded clay floating beds, and the channel is a passage for artificial water transportation vehicles to carry out water surface planting and management activities.

[0012] Furthermore, a plurality of planting holes are provided in the internal area of ​​the expanded clay floating plate unit, and a movable planting pot is placed in the planting hole. A plurality of drainage holes are provided at the bottom of the planting pot. A matrix layer composed of soil and expanded clay of different particle sizes is provided inside the planting pot. The matrix layers are, from bottom to top, a large-particle-size expanded clay layer, a medium-particle-size expanded clay layer, and a soil-expanded clay mixed layer. A filter with an appropriate pore size and capable of completely covering the bottom of the planting pot is provided below the matrix layer.

[0013] Furthermore, suitable aquatic cash crops are planted in the substrate layer. The aquatic cash crops are crops suitable for water surface planting and have high economic benefits, such as wild rice, rice, water celery, water chestnut, Euryale ferox, Sagittaria sagittifolia, and Houttuynia cordata.

[0014] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0015] (1) The present invention uses coal-based solid waste ceramsite as the main material for manufacturing the ceramsite floating bed. The coal-based solid waste ceramsite has the advantages of being green, environmentally friendly, lightweight and hard, so that the ceramsite floating bed has sufficient hardness and floating capacity, which is conducive to the resource utilization of coal-based solid waste;

[0016] (2) The present invention arranges substrate layers of different components in the planting pot, which are a large-size expanded clay layer, a medium-size expanded clay layer, and a soil-expanded clay mixed layer from the bottom of the pot to the top. The coal-based solid waste expanded clay has the advantages of high porosity and strong water retention. The soil-expanded clay mixed layer enhances the water and fertilizer retention performance of natural soil, which is beneficial to the growth and development of the roots of aquatic economic crops. The water retention and adsorption effect of the medium-size expanded clay layer is beneficial to alleviate the loss of nutrients and water in the soil-expanded clay mixed layer, and fill the gaps in the large-size expanded clay layer. The large-size expanded clay layer inevitably has gaps, which is beneficial to the gas exchange of the crop roots and the discharge of excess water in the planting pot, and can effectively reduce the loss of the upper medium-size and fine-size substrates. A filter with a suitable aperture is arranged at the bottom of the planting pot, which is beneficial to reduce the loss of the substrate layer, filter suspended impurities in the water area, and prevent fish from damaging the roots of crops.

[0017] (3) The present invention provides detachable connectors around the ceramsite floating plate units for connecting adjacent ceramsite floating plate units, which is convenient for arranging and replacing the ceramsite floating plate units; fixed piles are provided at certain intervals along the arrangement direction of the ceramsite floating plate units to limit the movement of the ceramsite floating bed on the water surface and improve the overall stability of the ceramsite floating bed; and waterways are provided between the four corners of the ceramsite floating plate units to facilitate growers to carry out growth management of aquatic economic crops by water transportation vehicles; BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] Figure 1 A top view of a ceramsite floating bed provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0019] Figure 2 A side view of a ceramsite floating bed provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0020] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the structure of a ceramsite floating plate unit provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the structure of a planting pot provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the structure of a connecting piece provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0023] Among them, the figure marks include: 100, expanded clay floating bed; 110, expanded clay floating plate unit; 120, planting hole; 130, planting pot; 140, water-permeable hole; 150, matrix layer; 151, large-size expanded clay layer; 152, medium-size expanded clay layer; 153, soil-expanded expanded clay mixed layer; 160, filter screen; 170, aquatic economic crops; 210, connector; 211, U-bolt; 212, nut; 220, connecting hole; 230, fixing hole; 240, fixing pile. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0024] The present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments:

[0025] like Figure 1-Figure 5 As shown, the surface crop planting device and method for coal mining subsidence water area based on coal-based solid waste expanded clay comprises a plurality of expanded clay floating beds 100. The expanded clay floating beds 100 are seamlessly spliced ​​into a grid shape by 2 rows and N columns of expanded clay floating plate units 110. A waterway of a certain width is set between adjacent expanded clay floating beds 100 for planting management personnel to carry out crop management activities by boat.

[0026] The ceramsite floating plate unit 110 is a solid cube with a certain thickness made of coal-based solid waste ceramsite. A circular fixing hole 230 is provided at each of the four corners of the ceramsite floating plate unit 110 , and a plurality of circular connecting holes 220 are provided at the edge areas around the ceramsite floating plate unit 110 .

[0027] The expanded clay floating bed 100 is fixed by fixing piles 240 vertically arranged in the water. The fixing piles 240 are respectively arranged at the four corners and the center of the field-shaped structure composed of four adjacent expanded clay floating plate units 110. The upper end of the fixing pile 240 passes through the fixing hole 230 and the lower end is deeply buried in the water bottom.

[0028] Adjacent expanded clay floating plate units 110 are detachably connected via a connector 210, which includes a U-bolt 211 and a nut 212. When four adjacent expanded clay floating plate units 110 are spliced ​​in a field shape, the two ends of the U-bolt 211 respectively pass vertically downward through the connection holes 220 of two adjacent expanded clay floating plate units 110, and the nut 212 fastens the U-bolt 211 to the expanded clay floating plate unit 110 under the expanded clay floating plate.

[0029] A number of circular planting holes 120 are evenly arranged in the inner area of ​​the expanded clay floating plate unit 110, and a detachable planting pot 130 is placed inside the planting hole 120. The planting pot 130 is inverted, topless, hollow frustum, and its height is appropriately adjusted according to the aquatic economic crops 170 planted. A water-permeable hole 140 is arranged at the bottom of the planting pot 130.

[0030] A matrix layer 150 composed of soil and expanded clay of different particle sizes is provided inside the planting pot 130. The matrix layer 150 includes, from bottom to top, a large-particle expanded clay layer 151 composed of expanded clay with a particle size of 3-5 mm, a medium-particle expanded clay layer 152 composed of expanded clay with a particle size of 1-3 mm, and a soil-expanded clay mixed layer 153 formed by mixing soil and expanded clay with a particle size of <1 mm in a certain proportion. The thickness of the large-particle expanded clay layer 151, the medium-particle expanded clay layer 152, and the soil-expanded clay mixed layer 153 are appropriately adjusted according to the aquatic economic crops 170 planted, and a filter screen 160 with an appropriate aperture is provided under the matrix layer 150.

[0031] Suitable aquatic economic crops 170 are planted in the substrate layer 150, such as wild rice, rice, water celery, water chestnut, Euryale ferox, arrowhead and Houttuynia cordata.

[0032] The above is only an embodiment of the present invention, and the common knowledge such as the known specific technical solutions and / or characteristics in the solution is not described in detail here. It should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, without departing from the technical solution of the present invention, several modifications and improvements can be made, which should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention, and these will not affect the effect of the implementation of the present invention and the practicality of the patent. The scope of protection required by this application shall be based on the content of its claims, and the specific implementation methods and other records in the specification can be used to interpret the content of the claims.

Claims

1. A surface crop planting device based on coal-based solid waste ceramsite in coal mining subsidence waters, characterized by: The invention comprises a plurality of ceramsite floating beds (100), wherein the ceramsite floating beds (100) are detachably connected by a plurality of ceramsite floating plate units (110) via connecting pieces (210), and the position of the ceramsite floating bed (100) on the water surface is limited by fixing piles (240) vertically arranged along the arrangement direction of the ceramsite floating plate units (110), wherein the inner region of the ceramsite floating plate units (110) is evenly provided with a plurality of planting holes (220), wherein movable planting pots (130) are placed in the planting holes (220), wherein the bottom of the planting pots (130) is provided with a plurality of water-permeable holes (140), wherein a matrix layer (150) composed of soil and ceramsite of different particle sizes is provided inside the planting pots (130), wherein a filter screen (160) is provided below the matrix layer (150), and wherein aquatic economic crops (170) are planted in the matrix layer (150).

2. The surface crop planting device based on coal-based solid waste ceramsite in coal mining subsidence water area according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The ceramsite floating bed (100) is formed by connecting a plurality of ceramsite floating plate units (110), and a waterway is provided between adjacent ceramsite floating beds (100).

3. The surface crop planting device based on coal-based solid waste ceramsite in coal mining subsidence water area according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The ceramsite floating plate unit (110) is made of coal-based solid waste ceramsite, and the coal-based solid waste ceramsite contains coal gangue and fly ash.

4. The device for planting crops on the surface of coal mining subsidence waters based on coal-based solid waste ceramsite according to claim 1 is characterized in that: A plurality of connection holes (220) and fixing holes (230) are provided in the edge region of the ceramsite floating plate unit (110); adjacent connection holes (220) on adjacent ceramsite floating plate units (110) are connected and fastened by a connecting piece (210); the connecting piece (210) comprises a U-shaped bolt (211) having a connection function and a nut (212) having a fastening function; vertical fixing piles (240) are provided in the fixing holes (230); the fixing piles (240) are arranged along the arrangement direction of the ceramsite floating plate units (110); the upper ends of the fixing piles (240) pass through the fixing holes (230) and the lower ends are deeply buried in the water bottom.

5. The device for planting crops on the surface of coal mining subsidence waters based on coal-based solid waste ceramsite according to claim 1 is characterized in that: A plurality of matrix layers (150) composed of soil and ceramsite of different particle sizes are arranged inside the planting pot (130), wherein the matrix layers (150) are, from bottom to top of the pot bottom, a large-particle-size ceramsite layer (151), a medium-particle-size ceramsite layer (152), and a soil-ceramsite mixed layer (153), and a filter screen is arranged below the matrix layer (150).

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