Corn and soybean strip-shaped composite planting method

Abstract

The invention provides a corn and soybean strip-shaped composite planting method, relates to the technical field of crop cultivation, and aims to improve the land utilization rate and the crop yield. The method comprises the steps of selecting a suitable field, screening seeds, adopting a specific strip-shaped planting mode, accurately sowing depth and time, thinning and final singling seedlings, and managing moisture and fertilization. Specifically, a mode of three rows of corns and two rows of soybeans is adopted, and the row spacing and the seeding depth of the corns and the soybeans are determined according to crop characteristics. Before sowing, seeds are treated by an imidacloprid-thiamethoxam composite seed coating agent, so that the insect resistance is improved. Fertilization is divided into three stages of base fertilizer, topdressing and foliar fertilizer, and crop nutrition balance is ensured. Compared with a traditional planting mode, the yield and quality of the corn and the soybeans can be remarkably improved, good agricultural economic benefits and ecological benefits are achieved, and a new technical path is provided for sustainable development of modern agriculture.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of crop cultivation, in particular to a corn and soybean strip composite planting method. Background Art

[0002] In the field of agricultural planting, crop planting patterns have an important impact on improving land utilization, increasing yields, and improving soil fertility. The traditional single-crop planting model often leads to insufficient utilization of land resources and is susceptible to pests and diseases. In order to solve these problems, agricultural scientists and farmers have been exploring more efficient planting patterns. Among them, strip composite planting, as an innovative planting method, has attracted attention for its advantages of improving land utilization, increasing crop diversity, and improving soil structure.

[0003] The strip-shaped compound planting model, especially the strip-shaped compound planting of corn and soybeans, is developed based on the principle of intercropping. Corn, as a C4 crop, has a high photosynthesis efficiency and strong competitiveness, while soybeans, as a C3 crop, have nitrogen fixation ability and can improve soil nitrogen conditions. Planting these two crops in a strip-shaped pattern can not only improve the utilization efficiency of light and heat resources of the land, but also improve soil fertility through biological nitrogen fixation, and achieve complementary growth between crops.

[0004] However, the existing strip composite planting method still has some problems and limitations. For example, the parameters such as row spacing, plant spacing and sowing depth of crop planting are not set accurately enough, resulting in uneven crop growth, affecting yield and quality. In addition, field management measures, such as water management and fertilization management, also lack specificity and scientificity, and fail to fully tap the potential of the strip composite planting model. In addition, the prevention and control measures for pests and diseases are not systematic enough, which affects the healthy growth of crops. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of the above problems, the present invention provides a corn and soybean strip composite planting method, which aims to improve the efficiency and effect of the strip composite planting mode by accurately controlling the sowing parameters, improving the field management measures and systematic pest and disease control strategies. Through the precise control of the sowing row spacing, plant spacing, and sowing depth, as well as the scientific management of water and fertilizer management, the present invention can effectively improve the crop yield and quality, and provide an innovative solution for modern agricultural production.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention is implemented through the following technical scheme: a corn and soybean strip composite planting method, comprising the following steps:

[0007] S1: Select flat, fertile, well-drained loam or sandy loam as the field, with the previous crop being leguminous crops or land improved with green manure; deep rotary tillage the soil to a depth of 25 to 30 cm to break up soil lumps and improve soil air permeability and water retention;

[0008] S2: Select corn seeds with compact plant type, lodging resistance, and high yield of early-middle-aged varieties, and soybean seeds with strong shade tolerance, lodging resistance, and high yield. Select corn seeds and soybean seeds and dry them before sowing;

[0009] S3: In the planting unit, a strip composite planting pattern of 3 rows of corn and 2 rows of soybeans is adopted, in which corn is arranged alternately in wide and narrow rows, specifically 130 cm wide rows and 40 cm narrow rows, with a plant spacing of 12-14 cm; two rows of soybeans are planted in the middle of the wide rows of corn, with a spacing of 50 cm between the corn rows, and a row spacing of 30 cm for soybeans, with a plant spacing of 10-12 cm;

[0010] S4: The best sowing period for corn seeds is when the soil temperature stably reaches above 10°C. Soybeans should be sown 7 to 14 days after corn sowing. The sowing depth of corn seeds is 5 to 6 cm, and the sowing depth of soybeans is 3 to 4 cm. Both corn seeds and soybean seeds are sown in double seeds, followed by thinning, water management and fertilization management.

[0011] The variety of corn seeds is Zhengdan 958, and the variety of soybean seeds is Zhonghuang 37.

[0012] The method for thinning and determining seedlings is as follows: thinning is performed when the corn seedlings grow to 3 to 4 leaves, weak seedlings, diseased seedlings, oversized and undersized seedlings are removed, healthy and uniform seedlings are retained, densely grown seedlings are removed, uniform seedlings are retained, and one plant is guaranteed to be planted in each hole; thinning is performed when the soybean seedlings grow to the point where the first true leaf is fully unfolded, weak seedlings, diseased seedlings, oversized and undersized seedlings are removed, healthy and uniform seedlings are retained, densely grown seedlings are removed, uniform seedlings are retained, and one plant is guaranteed to be planted in each hole.

[0013] The water management method is drip irrigation or sprinkler irrigation.

[0014] Fertilization management is divided into three stages: base fertilizer, topdressing and foliar fertilizer. When applying base fertilizer, compound fertilizer should be used and applied by broadcasting, and then mixed into the soil with a rotary tiller to ensure that the fertilizer is evenly distributed and the depth is controlled between 15 and 20 cm. In the topdressing stage, for corn, it should be carried out from jointing to the large trumpet stage, equivalent to applying 12 to 15 kg of urea and 15 to 20 kg of ammonium bicarbonate per mu; for soybeans, it is equivalent to applying 15 to 18 kg of calcium phosphate and 5 to 8 kg of potassium sulfate per mu during the initial flowering period. For the application of foliar fertilizer, for corn, spray potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution during its growth, tasseling and flowering period; for soybeans, spray ammonium molybdate solution during its growth, grain filling period.

[0015] The compound fertilizer is a compound fertilizer with a balanced ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. The mass ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the compound fertilizer is 1:1:1. The compound fertilizer applied to corn needs to be supplemented with 0.5% zinc sulfate and 0.2% borax. When sowing corn, 10 to 12 kilograms of compound fertilizer are applied per mu, and when sowing soybeans, 12 to 15 kilograms of compound fertilizer are applied per mu. The concentration of potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution is 0.2% to 0.5%, and the concentration of spraying ammonium molybdate solution is 0.05% to 0.1%.

[0016] The corn seeds and soybean seeds need to be soaked in a composite seed dressing agent of imidacloprid-thiamethoxam before sun-drying for 8 to 12 hours.

[0017] The imidacloprid-thiamethoxam composite seed coating agent is composed of 0.6-2 parts of imidacloprid, 0.6-2 parts of thiamethoxam, 0.5-2 parts of nano silicon oxide, 0.1-1 parts of sodium lauryl sulfate, 0.5-2 parts of polyvinyl alcohol, 0.1-1 parts of chitosan, and water added to 100 parts.

[0018] (I) Beneficial effects

[0019] The present invention provides a corn and soybean strip composite planting method, which has the following beneficial effects:

[0020] 1. The corn and soybean strip composite planting method of the present invention effectively improves land utilization and crop yield, and achieves a double harvest of corn and soybeans through scientific planting patterns and meticulous field management.

[0021] 2. This method enhances the growth potential and stress resistance of crops and improves crop quality by optimizing sowing time, depth and plant spacing, as well as reasonable fertilization and water management.

[0022] 3. The present invention adopts a strip composite planting mode, which promotes complementary growth among crops, reduces soil nutrient competition, and at the same time improves soil water retention and air permeability, which is beneficial to the healthy growth of crops.

[0023] 4. Compared with traditional single crop planting, the strip composite planting method of the present invention shows significant advantages in improving agricultural economic and ecological benefits, and provides a new technical path for the sustainable development of modern agriculture. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0024] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are described clearly and completely below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of them. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0025] Embodiment 1:

[0026] A corn and soybean strip composite planting method comprises the following steps:

[0027] S1: Select flat, fertile, well-drained loam as the field, and the previous crop is leguminous crops; deep rotary tillage the soil to a depth of about 25 cm.

[0028] S2: The corn seeds used were Zhengdan 958 and the soybean seeds were Zhonghuang 37. The seeds were screened and dried before sowing.

[0029] S3: A strip composite planting pattern of 3 rows of corn and 2 rows of soybeans is adopted, in which the corn is arranged alternately in wide and narrow rows, specifically 130 cm wide rows and 40 cm narrow rows, with a plant spacing of 12 to 14 cm; two rows of soybeans are planted in the middle of the wide rows of corn, with a spacing of 50 cm between the corn rows, 30 cm between soybean rows, and 10 to 12 cm between plants.

[0030] S4: The best sowing period for corn seeds is when the soil temperature stably reaches above 10°C. Corn seeds and soybean seeds need to be soaked in imidacloprid-thiamethoxam compound seed dressing agent before sun-drying for 8 hours. The imidacloprid-thiamethoxam compound seed dressing agent is composed of 1.4 parts of imidacloprid, 1.5 parts of thiamethoxam, 0.7 parts of nano-silicon oxide, 0.8 parts of sodium lauryl sulfate, 1.2 parts of polyvinyl alcohol, 0.4 parts of chitosan, and water is supplemented to 100 parts. Soybeans are sown 7 days after corn sowing. The sowing depth of corn seeds is 5-6cm, and the sowing depth of soybeans is 3-4cm. Both corn seeds and soybean seeds are sown in double seed sowing method. When corn seedlings grow to 3-4 leaves, thinning is carried out, weak seedlings, diseased seedlings, oversized seedlings are removed, strong and uniform seedlings are retained, dense seedlings are removed, uniform seedlings are retained, and one plant is guaranteed for each hole; when soybean seedlings grow to the first true leaf fully unfolded, thinning is carried out, weak seedlings, diseased seedlings, oversized seedlings are removed, strong and uniform seedlings are retained, dense seedlings are removed, uniform seedlings are retained, and one plant is guaranteed for each hole. The method of water management is drip irrigation or sprinkler irrigation. When applying base fertilizer, the compound fertilizer applied to corn needs to be supplemented with 0.5% zinc sulfate and 0.2% borax. When sowing corn, it is equivalent to applying 12 kg of compound fertilizer per mu, and when sowing soybeans, it is equivalent to applying 13 kg of compound fertilizer per mu; in the topdressing stage, for corn, it should be carried out from jointing to the large trumpet stage, equivalent to applying 12 kg of urea and 17 kg of ammonium bicarbonate per mu; for soybeans, it is equivalent to applying 15 kg of calcium phosphate and 7 kg of potassium sulfate per mu during the initial flowering stage. For the application of foliar fertilizer, for corn, spray potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution during its growth, tasseling and flowering stage; for soybeans, spray ammonium molybdate solution during its growth, grain filling stage.

[0031] Embodiment 2:

[0032] A corn and soybean strip composite planting method comprises the following steps:

[0033] S1: Select flat, fertile, well-drained loam as the field, and the previous crop is leguminous crops; deep rotary tillage the soil to a depth of about 25 cm.

[0034] S2: The corn seeds used were Zhengdan 958 and the soybean seeds were Zhonghuang 37. The seeds were screened and dried before sowing.

[0035] S3: A strip composite planting pattern of 3 rows of corn and 2 rows of soybeans is adopted, in which the corn is arranged alternately in wide and narrow rows, specifically 130 cm wide rows and 40 cm narrow rows, with a plant spacing of 12 to 14 cm; two rows of soybeans are planted in the middle of the wide rows of corn, with a spacing of 50 cm between the corn rows, 30 cm between soybean rows, and 10 to 12 cm between plants.

[0036] S4: The best sowing period for corn seeds is when the soil temperature stably reaches above 10°C. Corn seeds and soybean seeds need to be soaked in imidacloprid-thiamethoxam compound seed dressing agent before sun-drying for 8 hours. The imidacloprid-thiamethoxam compound seed dressing agent is composed of 0.9 parts of imidacloprid, 2 parts of thiamethoxam, 0.5 parts of nano-silicon oxide, 0.1 parts of sodium lauryl sulfate, 2 parts of polyvinyl alcohol, 0.9 parts of chitosan, and water is supplemented to 100 parts. Soybeans are sown 14 days after corn sowing. The sowing depth of corn seeds is 5-6 cm, and the sowing depth of soybeans is 3-4 cm. Both corn seeds and soybean seeds are sown in double seed sowing methods. When corn seedlings grow to 3-4 leaves, thinning is carried out, weak seedlings, diseased seedlings, oversized seedlings are removed, strong and uniform seedlings are retained, dense seedlings are removed, uniform seedlings are retained, and one plant is guaranteed for each hole; when soybean seedlings grow to the first true leaf fully unfolded, thinning is carried out, weak seedlings, diseased seedlings, oversized seedlings are removed, strong and uniform seedlings are retained, dense seedlings are removed, uniform seedlings are retained, and one plant is guaranteed for each hole. The method of water management is drip irrigation or sprinkler irrigation. When applying base fertilizer, the compound fertilizer applied to corn needs to be supplemented with 0.5% zinc sulfate and 0.2% borax. When sowing corn, it is equivalent to applying 10 kg of compound fertilizer per mu, and when sowing soybeans, it is equivalent to applying 12 kg of compound fertilizer per mu; in the topdressing stage, for corn, it should be carried out from jointing to the large trumpet mouth stage, equivalent to applying 12 kg of urea and 15 kg of ammonium bicarbonate per mu; for soybeans, it is equivalent to applying 15 kg of calcium phosphate and 5 kg of potassium sulfate per mu during the initial flowering stage. For the application of foliar fertilizer, for corn, spray potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution during its growth, tasseling and flowering stage; for soybeans, spray ammonium molybdate solution during its growth, grain filling stage.

[0037] Embodiment 3:

[0038] A corn and soybean strip composite planting method comprises the following steps:

[0039] S1: Select flat, fertile, well-drained loam as the field, and the previous crop is leguminous crops; deep rotary tillage the soil to a depth of about 25 cm.

[0040] S2: The corn seeds used were Zhengdan 958 and the soybean seeds were Zhonghuang 37. The seeds were screened and dried before sowing.

[0041] S3: A strip composite planting pattern of 3 rows of corn and 2 rows of soybeans is adopted, in which the corn is arranged alternately in wide and narrow rows, specifically 130 cm wide rows and 40 cm narrow rows, with a plant spacing of 12 to 14 cm; two rows of soybeans are planted in the middle of the wide rows of corn, with a spacing of 50 cm between the corn rows, 30 cm between soybean rows, and 10 to 12 cm between plants.

[0042] S4: The best sowing period for corn seeds is when the soil temperature stably reaches above 10℃. Corn seeds and soybean seeds need to be soaked in imidacloprid-thiamethoxam compound seed dressing agent before sun-drying for 8 hours. The imidacloprid-thiamethoxam compound seed dressing agent is composed of 2 parts of imidacloprid, 0.6 parts of thiamethoxam, 2 parts of nano-silicon oxide, 1 part of sodium dodecyl sulfate, 0.5 parts of polyvinyl alcohol, 0.4 parts of chitosan, and water is supplemented to 100 parts. Soybeans are sown 14 days after corn sowing. The sowing depth of corn seeds is 5-6cm, and the sowing depth of soybeans is 3-4cm. Both corn seeds and soybean seeds are sown in double seed sowing method. When corn seedlings grow to 3-4 leaves, thinning is carried out, weak seedlings, diseased seedlings, oversized and undersized seedlings are removed, strong and uniform seedlings are retained, dense seedlings are removed, uniform seedlings are retained, and one plant is guaranteed for each hole; when soybean seedlings grow to the first true leaf fully unfolded, thinning is carried out, weak seedlings, diseased seedlings, oversized and undersized seedlings are removed, strong and uniform seedlings are retained, dense seedlings are removed, uniform seedlings are retained, and one plant is guaranteed for each hole. The method of water management is drip irrigation or sprinkler irrigation. When applying basal fertilizer, 11 kg of compound fertilizer is applied per mu when sowing corn, and 15 kg of compound fertilizer is applied per mu when sowing soybeans; in the topdressing stage, for corn, it should be carried out from jointing to the large trumpet stage, equivalent to 14 kg of urea and 20 kg of ammonium bicarbonate per mu; for soybeans, 15 kg of calcium phosphate and 8 kg of potassium sulfate are applied per mu during the initial flowering stage. For the application of foliar fertilizer, for corn, spray potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution during its growth, tasseling and flowering stage; for soybeans, spray ammonium molybdate solution during its growth, grain filling stage.

[0043] Embodiment 4:

[0044] Example 4: Except that the corn seeds and soybean seeds in step S4 are not soaked in the imidacloprid-thiamethoxam composite seed dressing agent, the remaining raw material ratios, preparation methods, and operating conditions are the same as those in Example 1.

[0045] Comparative Example 1:

[0046] Comparative Example 1 is a pure cropping model, in which corn and soybean are planted separately, and the rest of the raw material ratios, preparation methods, and operating conditions are the same as those in Example 1.

[0047] The corn and soybeans planted in the embodiment and the comparative example were harvested in time after maturity, and the corn yield, the number of corn cobs of soybean yield, the weight of 100 corn grains, the number of soybean grains per plant and the weight of 100 soybean grains were counted, wherein the corn yield and the soybean yield were in the corn and soybean strip composite planting mode, and the yields of corn and soybean per mu were measured and the yields of corn and soybean per mu were calculated according to their respective planting ratios to obtain the following results, as shown in Table 1:

[0048]

[0049] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations may be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, and that the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A corn and soybean strip composite planting method, characterized in that: The steps include: S1: Select flat, fertile, well-drained loam or sandy loam as the field, with the previous crop being leguminous crops or land improved with green manure; deep rotary tillage the soil to a depth of 25 to 30 cm to break up soil lumps; S2: Select corn seeds with compact plant type, lodging resistance, and high yield of early-middle-aged varieties, and soybean seeds with strong shade tolerance, lodging resistance, and high yield. Select corn seeds and soybean seeds and dry them before sowing; S3: In the planting unit, a strip composite planting pattern of 3 rows of corn and 2 rows of soybeans is adopted, in which corn is arranged alternately in wide and narrow rows, specifically 130 cm wide rows and 40 cm narrow rows, with a plant spacing of 12-14 cm; two rows of soybeans are planted in the middle of the wide rows of corn, with a spacing of 50 cm between the corn rows, and a row spacing of 30 cm for soybeans, with a plant spacing of 10-12 cm; S4: The best sowing period for corn seeds is when the soil temperature stably reaches above 10°C. Soybeans should be sown 7 to 14 days after corn sowing. The sowing depth of corn seeds is 5 to 6 cm, and the sowing depth of soybeans is 3 to 4 cm. Both corn seeds and soybean seeds are sown in double seeds, followed by thinning, water management and fertilization management.

2. A corn-soybean strip composite planting method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The variety of corn seeds is Zhengdan 958, and the variety of soybean seeds is Zhonghuang 37.

3. A corn and soybean strip composite planting method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The method for thinning and determining seedlings is as follows: thinning is performed when the corn seedlings grow to 3 to 4 leaves, weak seedlings, diseased seedlings, oversized and undersized seedlings are removed, healthy and uniform seedlings are retained, densely grown seedlings are removed, uniform seedlings are retained, and one plant is guaranteed to be planted in each hole; thinning is performed when the soybean seedlings grow to the point where the first true leaf is fully unfolded, weak seedlings, diseased seedlings, oversized and undersized seedlings are removed, healthy and uniform seedlings are retained, densely grown seedlings are removed, uniform seedlings are retained, and one plant is guaranteed to be planted in each hole.

4. The method for strip-shaped composite planting of corn and soybean according to claim 1, characterized in that: The water management method is drip irrigation or sprinkler irrigation.

5. The method for strip-shaped composite planting of corn and soybean according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fertilization management is divided into three stages: base fertilizer, topdressing and foliar fertilizer; when applying base fertilizer, compound fertilizer should be selected and applied by broadcasting, and then mixed into the soil with a rotary tiller to ensure that the fertilizer is evenly distributed and the depth is controlled between 15 and 20 cm; in the topdressing stage, for corn, it should be carried out from jointing to the large trumpet stage, mainly applying urea and ammonium bicarbonate; for soybeans, calcium phosphate and potassium sulfate are applied in the initial flowering stage; for the application of foliar fertilizer, for corn, spray potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution in its growth, tasting and flowering stage; for soybeans, spray ammonium molybdate solution in its growth, grain filling stage.

6. The method for strip-shaped composite planting of corn and soybean according to claim 1, characterized in that: The corn seeds and soybean seeds need to be treated with an imidacloprid-thiamethoxam composite seed coating agent before sun-drying.

7. A corn and soybean strip composite planting method according to claim 6, characterized in that: The imidacloprid-thiamethoxam composite seed coating agent is composed of 0.6-2 parts of imidacloprid, 0.6-2 parts of thiamethoxam, 0.5-2 parts of nano silicon oxide, 0.1-1 parts of sodium lauryl sulfate, 0.5-2 parts of polyvinyl alcohol, 0.1-1 parts of chitosan, and water added to 100 parts.

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