Two-harvest seed production method for buckwheat and application of two-harvest seed production method

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of one-harvest and two-harvest buckwheat, and particularly discloses a one-harvest and two-harvest buckwheat seed production method and application, the method comprises the following steps: a, variety selection, b, seed treatment, c, land selection and soil preparation: land selection: selecting any one of abandoned land or steep slope land; d, sowing time: sowing from late February to early March in the first season; e, seeding rate: the seeding rate is 3-5 kg / 667 m; f, sowing density, wherein the row spacing of strip sowing is 30-33 cm, and the plant spacing is 3-4.5 cm; g, soil covering; and h, performing field management: i, harvesting in late June to July in the first season, manually shaking buckwheat straws of the first season, collecting shattering buckwheat seeds by surrounding a collecting tank in a gas-avoiding manner, separating soil with the shattering buckwheat seeds through a partition area, quickly detaching the buckwheat straws of the first season, transplanting the soil with the shattering buckwheat seeds into a seeding pit, harvesting in mid-late October in the second season, and transplanting the soil with the shattering buckwheat seeds into the seeding pit. The invention aims to provide the buckwheat seed production method capable of achieving buckwheat seed production by one-time harvesting and two-time harvesting.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of buckwheat with two harvests per plant, and specifically discloses a buckwheat with two harvests per plant seed production method and application. Background Art

[0002] Buckwheat (scientific name: Fagopyrum esculentum Moench), also known as common buckwheat, sweet buckwheat, black wheat, etc., is an annual herbaceous plant of the genus Fagopyrum in the Polygonaceae family; Morphological characteristics: Stem and leaves: The stem is erect, 30-90 cm high, branched in the upper part, green or red, with longitudinal ridges. The leaves are alternate, triangular or ovate-triangular, 2.5-7 cm long, 2-5 cm wide, gradually pointed at the top, and heart-shaped at the base.

[0003] Flowers and fruits: Inflorescence racemose or corymbose, terminal or axillary, with small protrusions on one side of the peduncle; achenes ovate. Flowering period May-September, fruiting period June-October.

[0004] Growth environment and distribution range: It is cultivated in Europe and Asia, and sometimes grows wild; it likes to grow in wasteland and roadsides. It is distributed and cultivated in most parts of China.

[0005] Growth conditions: short growth period, strong resistance to adversity, extremely cold and barren, can be sown and harvested multiple times in the same year; Buckwheat is recognized by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) as an excellent food and medicine crop. It is known as the king of grains for its outstanding health value and extraordinary therapeutic effects. Buckwheat is drought-resistant, barren-resistant, has a short growth period, and has strong adaptability. It is mainly distributed in ecological areas with an altitude of 600 to 4000 meters. It is an important food crop in soil-poor areas, arid and low-rainfall areas, cold and high-cold areas, and relatively backward economic areas. Buckwheat belongs to an indefinite inflorescence, and the maturity period of the grains on the same plant is extremely inconsistent. 10% to 20% of the grains fall off naturally before harvest, causing huge losses to buckwheat production. Therefore, exploring the establishment of a "one crop, two harvests" planting technology system for buckwheat, making full use of the easy grain-falling characteristics of buckwheat, turning disadvantages into advantages, and achieving one sowing and two harvests is of great significance to increasing the yield per unit area of ​​buckwheat and increasing farmers' income.

[0006] In view of this, the inventor proposes a buckwheat two-harvest seed production method and application. Summary of the invention

[0007] The purpose of the invention is to provide a buckwheat one-plant two-harvest seed production method and application based on grain shed, so as to realize buckwheat one-plant two-harvest.

[0008] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following basic scheme: A buckwheat double-harvest seed production method comprises the following steps: a: Variety selection: Choose buckwheat varieties that are adapted to the local climate, have strong stress resistance, high yield, high quality, and good commercial value; b: Seed treatment: air the selected buckwheat seeds for 1-2 days, and conduct secondary seed selection before sowing, including removing empty seeds, barren seeds, broken seeds, grass seeds and impurities. After the secondary seed selection, soak the seeds in warm water at 35-40℃ for 20 minutes, and then soak them in soaking liquid; c: Site selection and land preparation: Regarding site selection: choose either abandoned land or steep slope land; About land preparation: including the following steps: A01: Clear the fields to remove straw, weeds and stones; A02: tillage depth is 15-20cm; A03: Ridge: The bed surface is 2-3m, the bed spacing is 40cm, and the bed surface is ridged. The ridge height is about 30cm higher than the ground. A04: Set sowing pits on the ridge surface, with a depth of 4 to 6 cm; A05: A surrounding collecting trough is arranged on the ridge surface around the sowing pit, the surrounding collecting trough is communicated with the box surface, and a separation area for separating the fallen buckwheat grains is arranged inside the surrounding collecting trough on the box surface; A06: After land preparation, spread base fertilizer; d: Sowing time: The first season is sown from late February to early March; e; Seeding amount: based on sowing in the sowing pit, the sowing amount is 3-5kg / 667m²; f: Seeding density: based on seeding amount 3-5kg / 667m², row spacing 30-33cm, plant spacing 3-4.5cm; g: Covering soil: The thickness of covering soil is 2 to 3 cm; h: Field management: including water management, nutrient management, tillage and weeding, assisted pollination and pest and disease control; I: The first season is harvested in late June to July. During the harvest, the first season buckwheat straw is shaken manually, the fallen buckwheat seeds are collected by surrounding the collecting trough to avoid air, the soil with the fallen buckwheat seeds is separated by the partition area, the first season buckwheat straw is quickly removed, the sowing pit is vacant, and the soil with the fallen buckwheat seeds is transplanted into the sowing pit. The above operation is repeated. The second season is harvested in mid-to-late October. In step i, harvesting the first season, quickly removing the first season buckwheat straw and transplanting the soil with the fallen buckwheat seeds into the sowing pit are carried out on the same day, with an interval of less than 15 hours.

[0009] The principles and effects of this basic solution are: 1. Compared with the prior art, the method of the present invention is different from other crops that can be harvested twice. Buckwheat's "two harvests per crop" takes advantage of the characteristics of buckwheat, such as easy grain shedding, short growth period, drought resistance and strong resistance. After the first mature harvest, the buckwheat seeds fall off naturally, germinate and grow again, and are harvested for the second time after maturity.

[0010] 2. Compared with the prior art, the core of the present invention lies in a new "one method for two harvests" formed by combining the easy falling of buckwheat grains with the high degree of air-avoiding collection. The easy falling of buckwheat grains is an unavoidable disadvantage brought about by buckwheat genes. This disadvantage is reasonably utilized to realize the collection of mature buckwheat. On the basis of this collection, the collection of mature buckwheat is carried out by air-avoiding collection, so that the seeds of mature buckwheat quickly enter the soil and are no longer exposed to the air. Then, the mature buckwheat seeds that quickly enter the soil are planted, and the sowing step is directly omitted. The whole process has no technical problems in the implementation of the method. It only needs to mark the compartments to reserve excess soil for planting, so that the buckwheat seeds of the second season can enter the sowing pits, and finally complete one method for two harvests.

[0011] 3. Compared with the prior art, the most critical features of the present method are: the air-avoiding collection means and the surrounding collection trough implemented in conjunction with the air-avoiding collection means. The surrounding collection trough completes the air-avoiding collection of mature buckwheat seeds, and the surrounding collection trough accelerates the grain shedding of buckwheat without affecting the harvest yield of the first season, thereby improving the seed technology of the second season and ensuring that the yield of mature buckwheat in the second season can be guaranteed.

[0012] Further, in step a, when bitter buckwheat is selected, "Youqiao No. 1" and "Youqiao No. 5" are selected for bitter buckwheat; when sweet buckwheat is selected, "Youhong Sweet Buckwheat" and "Youqiao No. 2" are selected for sweet buckwheat with moderate growth period, large and uniform grains and good resistance. Whether "Youqiao No. 1" and "Youqiao No. 5" or "Youhong Sweet Buckwheat" and "Youqiao No. 2", they are all products that are easily available in the market and meet the national standards for seed quality.

[0013] Further, in step b, regarding the soaking solution: the soaking solution is a solution containing 0.01% to 0.05% boric acid per liter of aqueous solution for soaking the seeds. During the soaking of the seeds, a trace element solution containing 0.005% ammonium molybdate, 0.1% potassium permanganate, 0.03% borax, 0.05% magnesium sulfate and 3% potassium bromide per liter of aqueous solution can be used for soaking the seeds. The purpose is to kill the pests and diseases hidden in the seeds and reduce the probability of buckwheat pests and diseases.

[0014] Furthermore, in A06, the base fertilizer is 3-5 kg / 667 m² based on the sowing rate, and 45% compound fertilizer [m(N)∶m( )∶m( Buckwheat has a short growth period and grows fast, so sufficient base fertilizer should be applied. Since one piece of soil needs to be planted twice, compound fertilizer is used for base fertilizer.

[0015] Furthermore, sweet buckwheat was selected, and the sowing amount of sweet buckwheat was 4-5kg / 667m²; bitter buckwheat was selected, and the sowing amount of bitter buckwheat was 3-4kg / 667m².

[0016] Furthermore, based on the sowing rate of sweet buckwheat of 4-5kg / 667m², the row spacing of sweet buckwheat is 30-33cm, the plant spacing is 3.5-4cm, and 90,000 to 120,000 seedlings are left per 667m²; based on the sowing rate of bitter buckwheat of 3-4kg / 667m², the row spacing of bitter buckwheat is 30-33cm, the plant spacing is 4.0-4.5cm, and 60,000 to 90,000 seedlings are left per 667m².

[0017] Further, in step A05, the surrounding collection trough is in the shape of a disk, the center of the disk-shaped surrounding collection trough is a through hole, the diameter of the through hole is larger than the main stem width of the first-season buckwheat plant, a support column is provided at the bottom of the disk-shaped surrounding collection trough, and a partition area is provided around the support column. A connecting pipe is provided on the surrounding collection trough, and the connecting pipe is inserted into the ridged surface of the box surface and the ridged surface of the box surface and is located above the partition area. The surrounding collection trough has two purposes. The first is to realize the air-proof collection of buckwheat seeds and minimize the influence of the outside world on the buckwheat seeds. The second is to cooperate with the second-season collection. The partition area is provided to directly grab the soil of the partition area, that is, to grab all the fallen mature buckwheat seeds in the soil of the partition area. Based on the principle of randomness, in the case of a large cardinality, the number of all the fallen mature buckwheat seeds in each partition area will gradually become the same, which is conducive to the second-season planting and avoids the problem of uneven planting distribution.

[0018] Further, regarding intertillage and weeding: when the seedlings are 6 to 8 cm tall, the first intertillage and weeding is carried out, and weak seedlings are removed; before flowering, the second intertillage and soiling is carried out. When the seedlings are 6 to 8 cm tall, the first intertillage and weeding is carried out, and weak seedlings are removed; before flowering, the second intertillage and soiling is carried out to loosen the soil, enhance soil permeability, store water and retain moisture, increase ground temperature, and promote plant growth.

[0019] Furthermore, in step i, both the first season harvest and the second season harvest require a harvest time, and the harvest time is 8 to 11 a.m. The humidity in the morning is relatively high, which is conducive to the harvest of buckwheat seeds for the first season harvest and the second season harvest.

[0020] As mentioned above, this case not only discloses a buckwheat two-harvest seed production method, but also discloses the application of a buckwheat two-harvest seed production method, which is the application of a two-harvest seed production method at an altitude of 800 to 2000 meters. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application, the drawings required for use in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative work.

[0022] Figure 1 The experimental data of a buckwheat two-harvest seed production method proposed in the embodiment of the present application are shown. Figure 1 ; Figure 2 The experimental data of a buckwheat two-harvest seed production method proposed in the embodiment of the present application are shown. Figure 2 ; Figure 3 The experimental data of a buckwheat two-harvest seed production method proposed in the embodiment of the present application are shown. Figure 3 ; Figure 4 The experimental data of a buckwheat two-harvest seed production method proposed in the embodiment of the present application are shown. Figure 4 ; Figure 5 The experimental data of a buckwheat two-harvest seed production method proposed in the embodiment of the present application are shown. Figure 5 ; Figure 6 A schematic structural diagram of a surrounding collection tank in a buckwheat two-harvest seed production method proposed in an embodiment of the present application is shown. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0023] In order to further explain the technical means and effects adopted by the present invention to achieve the predetermined invention purpose, the specific implementation mode, structure, characteristics and effects of the present invention are described in detail below in combination with the accompanying drawings and preferred embodiments.

[0024] The reference numerals in the drawings of the specification include: ridged surface 1, sowing pit 2, surrounding collecting trough 3, supporting column 4, collecting port 5, connecting pipe 6, dividing area 7, buckwheat 8.

[0025] Implementation example Figure 1 - Figure 6 As shown: A buckwheat one-two-harvest seed production method, the detailed seed production method of this method is as follows: The following steps are involved: a: Variety selection: Choose 8 improved buckwheat varieties that are adapted to the local climate, have strong stress resistance, high yield, high quality, and good commercial value; Specific: Since the experimental fields are all in Chengkou County, Chongqing, the following takes Chengkou, Chongqing as an example. In Chongqing, bitter buckwheat 8 should be selected from varieties such as "Youqiao 1" and "Youqiao 5", and sweet buckwheat 8 should be selected from varieties such as "Youhongtianqiao" and "Youqiao 2" with moderate growth period, large and uniform grains and good resistance. The quality of the above varieties meets the requirements of GB-4404.3. b: Seed treatment: air-dry the selected buckwheat seeds for 1-2 days, and conduct a secondary seed selection treatment before sowing, including removing empty seeds, barren seeds, broken seeds, grass seeds and impurities. After the secondary seed selection treatment, soak the seeds in warm water at 35-40℃ for 20 minutes, and then soak them in seed soaking liquid; Specifically: in step b, regarding the seed soaking solution: the seed soaking solution is an aqueous solution containing 0.01% to 0.05% boric acid per liter of aqueous solution for soaking the seeds. When soaking the seeds, a trace element solution containing 0.005% ammonium molybdate, 0.1% potassium permanganate, 0.03% borax, 0.05% magnesium sulfate and 3% potassium bromide per liter of aqueous solution can be simultaneously used for soaking the seeds.

[0026] c: Site selection and land preparation: Regarding site selection: choose either abandoned land or steep slope land; Taking Chengkou area as an example, steep slope land is selected. Since the "one crop, two harvests" farming time is long, abandoned land and steep slope land that are not suitable for other crop production are generally selected; About land preparation: including the following steps: A01: Clear the fields of straw, weeds and stones; to ensure the operation of rotary tillers; A02: The tillage depth is 15-20cm to improve soil fertility and provide good conditions for the emergence and growth of buckwheat 8. Buckwheat 8 has weak soil resistance, so in order to ensure full and strong seedlings, harrowing and soil preparation should be carried out in time after tillage.

[0027] A03: Divide the bed: the bed surface is 2-3m, the bed distance is 40cm, and the bed surface is ridged. The ridge height is about 30cm higher than the ground. Since buckwheat 8 likes moisture and is afraid of waterlogging, dividing the bed for sowing is conducive to drainage to prevent waterlogging from causing lodging or affecting the growth and development of buckwheat 8.

[0028] A04: A sowing pit 2 is set on the ridge surface 1 of the bed, and the depth of the sowing pit 2 is 4 to 6 cm. The sowing depth should be determined according to the soil moisture and soil texture. In this experimental field, the depth of the sowing pit 2 is 4 to 6 cm to avoid the problem that the seeds are not easy to emerge when they are planted too deeply, and the seeds are easy to dry out when they are planted too shallowly.

[0029] A05: A surrounding collecting trough 3 is provided on the ridge surface 1 around the sowing pit 2, the surrounding collecting trough 3 is communicated with the box surface, and the surrounding collecting trough 3 is located inside the box surface and has a separation area for separating the fallen buckwheat 8 grains; A05 is the key to achieving double harvest and increasing the harvest in the second season: like Figure 2 As shown, in step A05, the surrounding collection trough 3 is in the shape of a disk, the center of the disk-shaped surrounding collection trough 3 is a through hole, the diameter of the through hole is larger than the main stem width of the first-season buckwheat 8 plant, the bottom of the disk-shaped surrounding collection trough 3 is provided with a support column 4, the partition area is arranged around the support column 4, and the surrounding collection trough 3 is provided with a connecting pipe 6, which is inserted into the ridged surface 1 of the box surface and the ridged surface 1 of the box surface and is located above the partition area. The surrounding collection trough 3 has two purposes. The first is to realize the air-proof collection of buckwheat 8 seeds and minimize the influence of the outside world on the buckwheat 8 seeds. The second is to cooperate with the second-season collection. The partition area is set to directly grab the soil of the partition area 7, that is, to grab all the mature buckwheat 8 seeds that fall in the soil of the partition area 7. Based on the principle of randomness, in the case of a large cardinality, the number of all the mature buckwheat 8 seeds that fall in each partition area 7 will gradually become the same, which is conducive to the second-season planting and avoids the problem of uneven planting distribution.

[0030] The core is to avoid air collection to ensure the quality of buckwheat 8 after grains fall. Regarding the avoid air collection, there are more detailed explanations and data demonstrations in the subsequent paragraphs; A06: After land preparation, spread base fertilizer; Specifically: In the base fertilizer of A06, buckwheat 8 has a short growth period and grows fast, so sufficient base fertilizer should be applied. Related research shows that every 100kg of buckwheat 8 grains need to absorb N4.01-4.06kg, P1.66-2.22kg, K5.21-8.18kg from the soil. In order to reduce labor input, 45% compound fertilizer [m(N)∶m( )∶m( )=15∶15∶15] 15~30kg is used as base fertilizer, and it is evenly spread in one time. In places where conditions permit, more than 1000kg of organic fertilizer can be spread per 667m² to improve the soil farming environment.

[0031] d: Sowing time: The first season is sown from late February to early March; Specific: Buckwheat 8 is a thermophilic crop. The seed germination temperature requires to be above 8℃, but over 30℃ is not conducive to buckwheat 8 germination. The seedling growth temperature needs to be kept above 0℃, preferably 15-20℃. Therefore, in Chongqing Chengkou area, it is advisable to choose to sow in late February to early March.'' e: Seeding amount: based on sowing in sowing pit 2, the sowing amount is 3-5kg / 667m²; Specifically: Sweet buckwheat 8 was selected, and the sowing amount of sweet buckwheat 8 was 4-5kg / 667m²; bitter buckwheat 8 was selected, and the sowing amount of bitter buckwheat 8 was 3-4kg / 667m².

[0032] f: Seeding density: based on seeding amount 3-5kg / 667m², row spacing 30-33cm, plant spacing 3-4.5cm; Specifically: Based on the sowing rate of sweet buckwheat 8 of 4-5kg / 667m², the row spacing of sweet buckwheat 8 is 30-33cm, the plant spacing is 3.5-4cm, and 90,000 to 120,000 seedlings are left per 667m²; based on the sowing rate of bitter buckwheat 8 of 3-4kg / 667m², the row spacing of bitter buckwheat 8 is 30-33cm, the plant spacing is 4.0-4.5cm, and 60,000 to 90,000 seedlings are left per 667m².

[0033] g: Covering soil: The thickness of covering soil is 2 to 3 cm. Because the roots of buckwheat 8 plants are relatively weak, and the cotyledons are large and their ability to push up the soil is relatively weak, the covering soil should not be too thick, 2 to 3 cm is appropriate.

[0034] h: Field management: including water management, nutrient management, tillage and weeding, assisted pollination and pest and disease control; Regarding water management: Buckwheat 8 likes moisture and is afraid of waterlogging. The water requirements vary at different stages of growth and development. Generally, the water requirements are relatively small during the seedling stage, moderate during the flowering stage, and large during the fruiting and filling stage. Therefore, during the flowering and fruiting period, when encountering continuous high temperature and drought, timely watering is required to facilitate flowering and fruiting, and ensure yield and quality. In rainy seasons and low-lying fields, attention should be paid to timely drainage and waterlogging to prevent root rot and seedling rot, which will affect the growth and development of buckwheat 8.

[0035] Regarding nutrition management: Buckwheat 8 is tolerant to barrenness, and topdressing is generally not required during its growth. However, due to the lack of fertility in abandoned land and the easy loss of nutrients on steep slopes, nutrients still need to be supplemented to obtain high yields. In the early flowering period, 100-150g of potassium dihydrogen phosphate can be diluted with 50kg of water and sprayed on stems and leaves per 667m². This is fast-acting, has a high utilization rate, and is easy to use. However, in the later stage of growth, the amount of nitrogen fertilizer applied needs to be controlled, and phosphorus and potassium fertilizers can be added to prevent lodging. Potassium sulfate and potassium dihydrogen phosphate are suitable, and potassium chloride should not be applied to avoid causing diseases.

[0036] Regarding intertillage and weeding: Use high-efficiency, low-toxicity, low-residue herbicides, seal the soil after sowing, or control weeds before closing the rows at the seedling stage. The number of weeding at other times depends on the region, soil, moisture content, and the amount of weeds. Generally, when the seedlings are 6 to 8 cm tall, the first intertillage and weeding is carried out, and weak seedlings are removed; before flowering, the second intertillage and soiling is carried out to loosen the soil, enhance soil permeability, store water and retain moisture, increase ground temperature, and promote plant growth.

[0037] About assisted pollination: Bitter buckwheat 8 is a self-pollinating crop and generally does not require assisted pollination, but artificial assisted pollination can further increase the fruiting rate and yield; sweet buckwheat 8 is a cross-pollinating crop, which is pollinated by bees or insects under natural conditions. In order to improve the fruiting rate of bitter buckwheat 8 and sweet buckwheat 8, assisted pollination can be used in two ways. During the flowering period, from 9 to 11 in the morning, use a soft rope or cloth strip, with two people holding one end each, gently pull it along the top of buckwheat 8, and shake the plants to make them collide with each other and pollinate each other. Assisted pollination 2 to 3 times, each time at an interval of 2 to 3 days. Beekeeping or beekeeping in the field or on the edge of the field for assisted pollination, generally one box of bees is placed for every 667m², which can increase the yield of buckwheat 8 and increase the honey income by one season.

[0038] Regarding pest and disease control: Buckwheat 8 pest and disease control adheres to the principle of "prevention first, comprehensive control", mainly focusing on agricultural control measures such as selecting disease-resistant varieties, reasonable crop rotation to reduce the source of disease, cultivating strong seedlings to enhance disease resistance, eradicating weeds to reduce the hiding of pests and diseases, supplemented by physical control measures such as light trapping and yellow board trapping. When pests and diseases have a large trend of occurrence, chemical control is adopted. Buckwheat 8 damping-off disease, buckwheat 8 ring rot and other diseases can be sprayed with 65% mancozeb 500 times solution or 20% triadimefon 1000 times solution for 2-3 times, each time interval of 7-10 days, and the spray should be uniform and thoughtful. Buckwheat 8 armyworm, hook-winged moth and other pests can be controlled with 2.5% cypermethrin emulsifiable concentrate 30mL water 60kg or 20% cypermethrin emulsifiable concentrate 10mL water 50kg for 2-3 times, each time interval of 7-10 days.

[0039] i: The first season is harvested in late June to July. During the harvest, the first season buckwheat stalks are shaken manually, the fallen buckwheat seeds are collected by surrounding the collecting trough 3 to avoid air, the soil with the fallen buckwheat seeds is separated by the partition area, the first season buckwheat stalks are quickly removed, the sowing pit 2 is vacant, and the soil with the fallen buckwheat seeds is transplanted into the sowing pit 2. The above operation is repeated. The second season is harvested in mid-to-late October. In step i, the first season is harvested, the first season buckwheat stalks are quickly removed, and the soil with the fallen buckwheat seeds is transplanted into the sowing pit 2. The interval time is less than 15 hours. In step i, the first season harvest and the second season harvest both require harvest time, and the harvest time is 8 to 11 o'clock in the morning.

[0040] Regarding the subsequent inter-season management and post-season management: Management during inter-season: After timely harvesting of bitter buckwheat 8, move the straw to the corner of the plot and use it as compost. Use a rotary tiller to turn the whole field shallowly once, and turn the naturally fallen buckwheat 8 seeds into the soil. The tillage depth should be 4 to 6 cm. This can not only prevent the seeds from being eaten by birds and animals, but also play a role in moisture conservation, weed prevention and soil fertilization.

[0041] Late-season management: In mid-to-late July, buckwheat seeds will germinate naturally under the stimulation of sunlight and temperature. After germination, check the germination status in time. If no germination or partial sparseness occurs, replanting can be arranged to ensure full germination. Due to the consumption of nutrients in the first season, it is necessary to replenish nutrients in time. Apply 45% compound fertilizer [m(N)∶m(P2O5)∶m(K2O)=15∶15∶15] 10-15kg per 667m². Water management, pest and disease control, weed control, etc. during the whole growth period refer to the management measures of the first season. When more than 70% of the plants in the field are mature, the second harvest is carried out, and the harvesting method is the same as the first season.

[0042] Since all the experimental fields in this case are located in Chongqing Chengkou, the application of the buckwheat 8-a-two-harvest seed production method is at an altitude of 800-2000m; About the test conclusion: In Chengkou area of ​​Chongqing, the buckwheat "one crop, two harvests" experiment is effective. The "one crop, two harvests" model can effectively improve land use efficiency, increase the yield, output value and benefits of buckwheat per unit area, increase farmers' income and promote the healthy development of the buckwheat industry.

[0043] The experimental data of this method, such as Figure 1 As shown: Six experimental plots with similar longitude, latitude and soil quality were selected in Chengkou area, namely, ABCDEF; like Figure 1 It can be seen that: Field A was the field that used this method for three consecutive years without air-avoiding collection to obtain buckwheat 8 yields, and field B was the field that did not use this method for three consecutive years (i.e., one seed and one harvest to obtain buckwheat 8 yields). From the test data, it can be seen that the buckwheat 8 seed production method of two harvests in this method is effective, and the production yield increased by more than 60%; like Figure 2 It can be seen that: Field A used this method for three consecutive years to obtain buckwheat 8 yields, and Field C used this method for three consecutive years to implement air-avoiding collection to obtain buckwheat 8 yields. From the test data, it can be seen that air-avoiding collection is beneficial to buckwheat 8 harvests. Compared with Field A, the production yield of Field C increased by about 10% on the basis of Field A. Rationality analysis of gas avoidance collection: First, long-term exposure of mature buckwheat seeds to air may affect their quality. The oxygen in the air will react with the fat, protein and other components in the buckwheat seeds to cause oxidation, resulting in changes in their nutritional components, such as increased fatty acid values ​​and protein denaturation. This oxidation process will reduce the quality of buckwheat seeds and affect planting. Therefore, it is necessary to verify the rationality and effectiveness of A05 in this method: like Figure 3 It can be seen that: Field C is the buckwheat yield of 8 obtained by implementing the method of air-avoiding collection for three consecutive years, and Field D is the buckwheat yield of 8 obtained by implementing the method of artificial air-avoiding collection for three consecutive years without implementing A05. The artificial air-avoiding collection in Field D is to manually shake the first-season buckwheat 8 straw and then collect it with a collection bag, and then implement air-avoiding collection in the collection bag; From the test data, we can see that the yield of field D does not change much compared with field A. Therefore, it can be proved that A05 in the method of field C is reasonable and effective; The difference between field C and field D is that: a partition area is set, and the soil in the partition area 7 is directly grabbed, that is, all the fallen mature buckwheat seeds 8 in the soil of the partition area 7 are grabbed, that is, the fallen mature buckwheat seeds 8 are wrapped by the soil, and the second season planting is immediately carried out after the wrapping. Therefore, the core of the air-avoiding collection is that the fallen mature buckwheat seeds 8 directly contact the seed soil of the first season without any intermediate links; To demonstrate the effectiveness of dropped mature buckwheat 8 seeds in direct contact with the first season seed soil, the F field was set up; About F Tian: Compared with field C, field F has a buckwheat yield of 8 obtained by implementing the method for air-avoiding collection for three consecutive years, and field F also has a buckwheat yield of 8 obtained by implementing the method for air-avoiding collection for three consecutive years. However, in field F, the connecting pipe 6 is not inserted into the ridged surface 1 of the bed, but is located on the ridged surface 1 of the bed, that is, the fallen mature buckwheat seeds 8 are not wrapped by the seed soil of the first season, but due to the existence of the connecting pipe 6, they are not exposed to air for a long time. like Figure 4 As shown, the yield of field F has little change compared with field D, which can be said to be negligible. The yield of field F is not as good as that of field C. Therefore, the mature buckwheat seeds 8 dropped in field C are effective in directly contacting the first season seed soil. As the experiment progressed, in step i, harvesting the first season, quick removal of the first season buckwheat 8 straw and transplanting the soil of the fallen buckwheat 8 seeds into the sowing pit 2 were carried out on the same day, with an interval of less than 15 h; Further improvements were made on the direct contact between the fallen mature buckwheat 8 seeds and the first-season seed soil. The time for harvesting the first season, quickly removing the first-season buckwheat 8 straw, and transplanting the soil of the fallen buckwheat 8 seeds into the sowing pit 2 was reasonably compressed and carried out on the same day. Field E was set up: like Figure 5 As shown: At this time, the C field is the buckwheat 8 yield obtained by implementing the method for air-avoiding collection in the C field for three consecutive years, but step i is not adopted, and the interval time is 24h-48h. At this time, the E field is the buckwheat 8 yield obtained by implementing the method for air-avoiding collection in the E field for three consecutive years. Step i is adopted, and the first-season buckwheat 8 straw harvesting, quick removal of the first-season buckwheat 8 straw and transplanting the soil of the fallen buckwheat 8 seeds into the sowing pit 2 are carried out on the same day, with an interval time of less than 15h. It can be seen that compared with the C field at this time, the yield of the E field is further slightly increased, indicating that after the fallen mature buckwheat 8 seeds are wrapped by the seed soil of the first season, rapid transplantation and quick removal of the first-season buckwheat 8 straw are beneficial to the increase of the buckwheat 8 yield in the second season.

[0044] Regarding the surrounding collection tank 3 in A05, Figure 6 As shown: A sowing pit 2 is set on the ridged surface 1 of the box surface, and the first season's buckwheat seeds 8 are planted on the sowing pit 2, and then a surrounding collecting trough 3 is installed. The surrounding collecting trough 3 is disc-shaped and in an inclined state. The inclined state is convenient for collecting fallen grains, and then a plurality of collecting ports 5 are provided on the surrounding collecting trough 3 for collecting fallen buckwheat seeds 8. Then the collecting ports 5 are used to install a connecting pipe 6, which is directly inserted into the ridged surface 1 of the box surface, that is, the inside of the soil. When installing the surrounding collecting trough 3, the dividing area 7 needs to be installed in the ridged surface 1 of the box surface, and finally the soil area formed by the dividing area 7 is transplanted based on the position of the connecting pipe 6 for second-season planting.

[0045] In order to reduce the cost, the device is made of all plastic material, and the support column 4 is a hollow connecting column, which is convenient for being put on the first season buckwheat 8. Then, the width of the surrounding collecting tank 3 cannot affect the lateral growth of the buckwheat 8.

[0046] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a buckwheat 8-a-kind-two-harvest seed production method and application based on grain shed, so as to achieve 8-a-kind-two-harvest buckwheat.

[0047] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and does not limit the present invention in any form. Although the present invention has been disclosed as a preferred embodiment as above, it is not used to limit the present invention. Any technical personnel in this field can make some changes or modify the technical contents disclosed above into equivalent embodiments without departing from the scope of the technical solution of the present invention. However, any brief modifications, equivalent changes and modifications made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of the present invention without departing from the content of the technical solution of the present invention are still within the scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims

1. A buckwheat double-harvest seed production method, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: a: Variety selection: Choose buckwheat varieties that are adapted to the local climate, have strong stress resistance, high yield, high quality, and good commercial value; b: Seed treatment: air the selected buckwheat seeds for 1-2 days, and conduct secondary seed selection before sowing, including removing empty seeds, barren seeds, broken seeds, grass seeds and impurities. After the secondary seed selection, soak the seeds in warm water at 35-40℃ for 20 minutes, and then soak them in soaking liquid; c: Site selection and land preparation: Regarding site selection: choose either abandoned land or steep slope land; About land preparation: including the following steps: A01: Clear the fields to remove straw, weeds and stones; A02: tillage depth is 15-20cm; A03: Ridge: The bed surface is 2-3m, the bed spacing is 40cm, and the bed surface is ridged. The ridge height is about 30cm higher than the ground. A04: Set sowing pits on the ridge surface, with a depth of 4 to 6 cm; A05: A surrounding collecting trough is arranged on the ridge surface around the sowing pit, the surrounding collecting trough is communicated with the box surface, and a separation area for separating the fallen buckwheat grains is arranged inside the surrounding collecting trough on the box surface; A06: After land preparation, spread base fertilizer; d; Sowing time: The first season is sown from late February to early March; e: Seeding amount: based on sowing in the sowing pit, the sowing amount is 3-5kg / 667m²; f: Seeding density: based on seeding amount 3-5kg / 667m², row spacing 30-33cm, plant spacing 3-4.5cm; g: Covering soil: The thickness of covering soil is 2 to 3 cm; h: Field management: including water management, nutrient management, tillage and weeding, assisted pollination and pest and disease control; i: The first season is harvested in late June to July. During the harvest, the first season buckwheat straw is shaken manually, the fallen buckwheat seeds are collected by surrounding the collecting trough to avoid air, the soil with the fallen buckwheat seeds is separated by the partition area, the first season buckwheat straw is quickly removed, the sowing pit is vacant, and the soil with the fallen buckwheat seeds is transplanted into the sowing pit. The above operation is repeated. The second season is harvested in mid-to-late October. In step i, harvesting the first season, quickly removing the first season buckwheat straw and transplanting the soil with the fallen buckwheat seeds into the sowing pit are carried out on the same day, with an interval of less than 15 hours.

2. The buckwheat double-harvest seed production method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step a, when bitter buckwheat is selected, the bitter buckwheat is selected as "Youqiao No. 1" and "Youqiao No. 5"; when sweet buckwheat is selected, the sweet buckwheat is selected as "Youhongtianqiao" and "Youqiao No. 2" which have a moderate growth period, large and uniform grains, and good resistance.

3. The buckwheat double-harvest seed production method according to claim 2, characterized in that: In step b, regarding the seed soaking solution: the seed soaking solution is an aqueous solution containing 0.01% to 0.05% boric acid per liter of aqueous solution for soaking the seeds. When soaking the seeds, a trace element solution containing 0.005% ammonium molybdate, 0.1% potassium permanganate, 0.03% borax, 0.05% magnesium sulfate and 3% potassium bromide per liter of aqueous solution can be used simultaneously for soaking the seeds.

4. The buckwheat two-harvest seed production method according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that: The base fertilizer in A06 is 3-5 kg / 667 m² based on the sowing rate, and 45% compound fertilizer [m(N):m( )∶m( )=15∶15∶15]15~30kg can be used as base fertilizer.

5. The buckwheat double-harvest seed production method according to claim 4, characterized in that: When sweet buckwheat is selected, the sowing amount of sweet buckwheat is 4-5kg / 667m². When bitter buckwheat is selected, the sowing amount of bitter buckwheat is 3-4kg / 667m².

6. The buckwheat double-harvest seed production method according to claim 5, characterized in that: Based on the sowing rate of sweet buckwheat of 4-5kg / 667m², the row spacing of sweet buckwheat is 30-33cm, the plant spacing is 3.5-4cm, and 90,000 to 120,000 seedlings are left per 667m²; based on the sowing rate of bitter buckwheat of 3-4kg / 667m², the row spacing of bitter buckwheat is 30-33cm, the plant spacing is 4.0-4.5cm, and 60,000 to 90,000 seedlings are left per 667m².

7. The buckwheat double-harvest seed production method according to claim 4, characterized in that: In step A05, the surrounding collecting trough is in the shape of a disc, the center of the disc-shaped surrounding collecting trough is a through opening, the diameter of the through opening is larger than the width of the main stem of the first-season buckwheat plant, a supporting column is provided at the bottom of the disc-shaped surrounding collecting trough, and a partition area is arranged around the supporting column. A connecting pipe is provided on the surrounding collecting trough, and the connecting pipe is inserted into the ridged surface of the carriage surface and the ridged surface of the carriage surface and is located above the partition area.

8. The buckwheat two-harvest seed production method according to claim 7, characterized in that: Regarding intertillage and weeding: When the seedlings are 6 to 8 cm tall, carry out the first intertillage and weeding, and remove the weak seedlings; before flowering, carry out the second intertillage and soiling.

9. The buckwheat double-harvest seed production method according to claim 8, characterized in that: In step i, both the first-season harvest and the second-season harvest require a harvest time, and the harvest time is 8 to 11 in the morning.

10. A method of using buckwheat for two harvests, characterized in that: The invention relates to the application of the two-harvest buckwheat seed production method as claimed in claim 1 at an altitude of 800 to 2000 m.

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