Transplanting method for improving survival of deep-rooted plants

Abstract

The invention provides a transplanting method for improving survival of deep-rooted plants. The transplanting method comprises the steps that S1, seedlings are selected, wherein low-branch robust seedlings with round and full tree shapes are selected within the range of 300 kilometers in a transplanting area; the specification of the soil ball is 6-8 times of the diameter at breast height of the tree, the height of the soil ball is 2 / 3 of the diameter of the soil ball, a composite bactericide is sprayed on the outer surface of the soil ball, and the composite bactericide is diflumetofen and polyhexamethylene biguanide; s21, pruning: after the plants are dug up, pruning the roots of the plants immediately, removing all injured or rotten plants, and bundling the plants with straw ropes; the deep-rooted plant seedlings are vertically placed in the centers of the planting holes, layered backfilling is carried out, and the backfilling thickness of each layer is smaller than or equal to 30 cm; the method covers operation methods from seedling selection to transplanting to later maintenance, and the survival rate of transplanting of the deep-rooted plants can be increased by sequentially transplanting the deep-rooted plant seedlings.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of transplanting, in particular to a transplanting method for improving the survival of deep-rooted plants. Background Art

[0002] Deep-rooted plants refer to those plants whose roots can penetrate deep into the soil. The roots of such plants can usually reach one meter or even deeper, and they have strong resistance to drought and wind.

[0003] However, during the transplantation process, the plant needs to be rooted, which damages the root system of the plant. The plant's adaptability to the new transplantation environment is weak, and it cannot provide nutrients for the normal growth of the plant, causing the plant to wilt or even die. Therefore, a transplanting method that improves the survival of deep-rooted plants is urgently needed to solve this problem. Summary of the invention

[0004] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present application provides a transplanting method for improving the survival rate of deep-rooted plants, which can improve the transplanting survival rate of deep-rooted plants.

[0005] The objective of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0006] A transplanting method for improving the survival of deep-rooted plants, characterized by comprising:

[0007] S1. Seedling selection: Select strong seedlings with low branches and rounded tree shapes within 300 kilometers of the transplanting area;

[0008] S2. Digging a soil ball: The soil ball should be 6 to 8 times the tree's diameter at breast height, and the height of the soil ball should be 2 / 3 of the diameter of the soil ball. Spray a composite fungicide on the outer surface of the soil ball. The composite fungicide is diflunisal and polyhexamethylene biguanide.

[0009] S21: Pruning: After digging up the plants, the roots of the plants should be pruned immediately, and all the injured or rotten ones should be removed and tied up with straw ropes;

[0010] S3, planting: vertically place the deep-rooted plant seedlings in the center of the planting hole, and backfill in layers, with each layer backfilling ≤30 cm thick;

[0011] S31. Backfilling method: compact the soil layer by layer during planting. When the soil is filled to 2 / 3, use a small stick to make multiple small holes around the soil ball, and then pour in fine sand. Add carbendazim and rooting powder to the fine sand. The fine sand can fill all the small holes and other gaps. If a hole is found, gently insert and stir it with a small stick while pouring the mortar to assist the flow of the mortar and the discharge of air. After the mortar settles for a period of time, cover the surface with a layer of backfill soil and water it to allow the backfill soil to further settle on the basis of the mortar and adhere to the roots of the tree;

[0012] S4. Maintenance: watering to establish roots and setting up support frames.

[0013] In the above technical scheme, layered backfilling can increase soil looseness and improve soil water and fertilizer retention capacity, watering with rooting water can replenish plant moisture and promote root growth, and setting up a support frame is conducive to fixing seedlings and facilitating subsequent maintenance and management.

[0014] Preferably, the step S3 before planting also includes: soil testing and soil improvement.

[0015] The soil detection is to detect the soil environment and pH value;

[0016] The soil improvement is to improve the soil to red-yellow loam or sandy loam with a pH of 5.8-6.2.

[0017] In the above technical scheme, by testing and improving the soil, the soil is improved to red-yellow loam or sandy loam with a pH of 5.8-6.2 suitable for Liquidambar seedlings, thereby improving the survival rate of transplanted Liquidambar.

[0018] Preferably, the step S3 before planting also includes: digging holes, pit bottom treatment, and fertilizing, wherein:

[0019] The hole digging specifications are that the depth is greater than 20 cm of the soil ball, the radius is greater than the radius of the soil ball by 20-30 cm, the sides are vertical up and down, and the pit distance is 2m×2m, 4m×4m or 8m×8m;

[0020] The pit bottom treatment is to lay a 10cm drainage cushion layer;

[0021] The fertilization is carried out by using compound fertilizer as a fertilizer base, and each pit is fertilized with 0.5-1kg of fertilizer and then covered with 5-6cm of soil.

[0022] In the above technical solution, the size of the pit is convenient for placing seedlings, and a drainage pad is provided at the bottom to improve soil aeration and drainage and prevent root rot. Applying compound fertilizer as a fertilizer base and covering it with soil can isolate the fertilizer from the roots, which can not only provide nutrient supply but also avoid the risk of root burn.

[0023] Preferably, in step S3, the backfill soil is backfilled with sand, nutrient soil or peat soil.

[0024] In the above technical solution, the selection of backfilling with sand, nutrient soil, and peat soil can ensure the air permeability and water permeability of the soil, improve the soil texture, and be more conducive to the survival and growth of seedlings.

[0025] Preferably, step S2 further includes pruning side branches after transplanting the seedlings, pruning inner branches, crossing branches, broken branches and branches smaller than 2 cm in diameter of the seedlings.

[0026] In the above technical scheme: the transpiration area is reduced, the water income and expenditure of the seedlings are balanced, and the survival rate of the seedlings after transplanting is increased.

[0027] Preferably, the bottom pile of the support frame in step S4 is buried ≥30 cm deep, and the support point is set on the seedling tree body. Place.

[0028] In the above technical solution, the depth of the bottom pile into the soil ensures the stability of the support frame, and the center of gravity of the seedling is basically at the tree body. Supporting the seedlings here is beneficial to their balance and prevents them from falling over in bad weather.

[0029] Preferably, the transplanting method also includes subsequent maintenance.

[0030] Preferably, the maintenance includes: winter maintenance, spring maintenance and summer maintenance, wherein,

[0031] Winter maintenance is to cover the ground with a mulch film for insulation, with 2-3 cm of soil pressed on the ground film and 5-10 cm of straw or wheat straw under the film;

[0032] Spring maintenance includes applying 200g of compound fertilizer to the seedlings and inspecting and controlling stem borers;

[0033] To ensure water supply in summer, watering time should be controlled before 10 am and after 4 pm.

[0034] In the above technical scheme: the ground film has certain heat insulation performance during winter maintenance, which can reduce the heat loss of soil and create a relatively warm growth environment for plant roots. 2-3cm thick soil is pressed on the ground film to prevent the ground film from being blown up by the wind, ensuring that the ground film can stably cover the ground and continue to play a heat preservation role. 5-10cm thick straw or wheat straw is covered under the film to further enhance the heat preservation performance. Applying compound fertilizer during spring maintenance can supplement soil nutrients and promote seedling growth; inspection and prevention of pests and diseases can effectively reduce the probability of seedlings dying from disease. Before 10 am and after 4 pm in summer, the temperature is relatively low, the sunlight is not so strong, and the water evaporates slowly. Plants can better absorb and utilize the water, which is conducive to maintaining the water balance in the plant body and ensuring the healthy growth of plants.

[0035] Beneficial effects:

[0036] 1. The rhizomes are disinfected with a composite fungicide. Difluanid mainly acts on fungi and can inhibit the respiration of fungal cells, while polyhexamethylene biguanide focuses on killing bacteria. It exerts its antibacterial effect by destroying the bacterial cell membrane. The combination of the two can prevent and control fungal and bacterial diseases at the same time, greatly improving the comprehensiveness of disinfection. The number of harmful microorganisms on the surface of the rhizomes after disinfection is significantly reduced.

[0037] 2. Through the fluidity of fine sand, it can be filled into various gaps around the plant roots under the action of gravity. When the fine sand slowly flows and fills these spaces, the carbendazim in it can effectively inhibit the breeding and reproduction of various harmful pathogens in the soil, greatly reducing the risk of plant roots being attacked by pathogens and rotting and becoming diseased in the new environment. At the same time, the rooting powder can be evenly distributed around the root system under the carrier of fine sand, accelerating the formation and growth of new roots, so that the transplanted seedlings will adapt to the new soil conditions more quickly, and promote the root system to grow and develop more vigorously, thereby providing more sufficient water and nutrient support for the growth of the aboveground part of the plant, and improving the survival rate and growth vitality of the plant.

[0038] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely below in conjunction with specific embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work belong to the protection scope of the present invention. Example

[0039] A park in Hefei City, Anhui Province was selected as the experimental site, and the planting time was November. Liquidambar formosana was taken as an example of a deep-rooted plant.

[0040] Step 1: Select seedlings. Select 30 strong Liquidambar seedlings with low branches and rounded tree shapes within 300km of the planting area. The seedling height should be 60-80cm and the root length should be about 20cm.

[0041] Step 2: Dig a soil ball. The specifications of the soil ball should be 6 to 8 times the tree's diameter at breast height, and the height of the soil ball should be 2 / 3 of the diameter of the soil ball. Spray a compound fungicide on the outer surface of the soil ball. The compound fungicide is diflunisal and polyhexamethylene biguanide. After transplanting the seedlings, prune the diseased branches, inner branches, crossed branches, broken branches, and branches less than 2 cm in diameter. Remove all injured or rotten branches, wrap them with straw ropes to reduce the transpiration area of ​​the seedlings, mark the source of the seedlings and the yin and yang sides, and cover the seedlings with tarpaulin to prevent the trees from losing water.

[0042] Step 3: Soil improvement. Test the soil in the planting area. The selected area is yellow-brown soil with a pH value of 6.7. The soil texture is relatively heavy and has a certain ability to retain water and fertilizer, but the air permeability is poor, so it needs to be improved. Add sand and peat soil to the yellow-brown soil to improve it. The mass ratio of sand: peat soil: yellow-brown soil is 1.5:1.5:7, and then apply 100 grams of sulfur powder per square meter of soil to reduce the pH value to 6.0;

[0043] Step 4: Dig holes. The specifications of the planting holes are that the depth is 20cm greater than the soil ball, the radius is 20-30cm greater than the radius of the soil ball, and the sides are vertical. The pit distance is 4m×4m, 6m×6m or 8m×8m to ensure that the trees have enough space to stretch their crowns during their growth. Use a mixture of gravel and coarse sand to lay a 10cm drainage cushion at the bottom of the pit. Spray 0.5kg of compound fertilizer (the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 15-15-15) on the top of the drainage cushion as a fertilizer base, and cover the compound fertilizer with soil with a thickness of 5cm.

[0044] Step 5: Planting. Conduct quality inspection on the seedlings to be planted, check the freshness of the seedlings and the integrity of the soil ball, and select 20 sweet gums with intact soil balls for planting. Place 1 sweet gum seedling vertically in the center of the planting hole, and backfill the hole in layers with soil mixed with sand and peat soil. Tamp the soil in layers, and the thickness of each backfill layer should be ≤30cm. When the soil is filled to 2 / 3, use a small stick to insert multiple groups of small holes around the soil ball, and then pour in fine sand. Add carbendazim and rooting powder to the fine sand. The fine sand can fill all the small holes and other gaps. If a hole is found, gently insert and stir the mortar with a small stick while pouring it to assist the flow of the mortar and the discharge of air. After the mortar has settled for a period of time, cover the surface with a layer of backfill soil and water it to allow the backfill soil to further settle on the basis of the mortar and stick to the roots of the tree.

[0045] Step 6: Maintenance: water the roots within 24 hours, water thoroughly at one time, set up the support frame, the bottom pile of the support frame is ≥30cm deep in the soil, and the support point is set on the seedling tree Water should be added within 7 days according to weather and soil moisture conditions.

[0046] Step seven: Maintenance. In the winter of the same year, cover the roots of the seedlings with plastic film to keep them warm. Press 2-3 cm of soil on the plastic film and cover 5-10 cm of rice straw or wheat straw under the film. In the spring of the following year, apply 200 g of compound fertilizer to each seedling, inspect for stem-boring pests and carry out prevention and control work. In the summer of the following year, ensure the water supply for the seedlings, and control the watering time between 10 am and 4 pm.

[0047] It should be noted that the soil needs to be loosened once before each deep irrigation in the later maintenance to prevent the soil from becoming compacted.

[0048] Step 8: Statistic the survival rate. The survival rate of the transplanted Liquidambar formosana was calculated 2 months, 7 months and 12 months after transplanting. The results are shown in Table 1.

[0049] Before planting 2 months 7 months 12 months Transplant survival rate 100％ 100％ 100％ 98％

[0050] Table 1

[0051] As can be seen from Table 1, by transplanting liquidambar according to the liquidambar transplanting method provided by the present invention, the survival rate of liquidambar is significantly improved. This is because the rhizomes are disinfected after transplanting. Difluanid mainly acts on fungi and can inhibit the respiration of fungal cells. By using difluanid, the growth and reproduction of these fungal pathogens can be effectively inhibited, and the damage of fungal diseases to plant rhizomes can be reduced from the source. Polyhexamethylene biguanide focuses on killing bacteria. It exerts its antibacterial effect by destroying bacterial cell membranes. For example, common soft rot bacteria and bacterial wilt bacteria that cause plant rhizomes to rot have their cell membranes destroyed after contacting polyhexamethylene biguanide, making it difficult for bacteria to survive. The combination of the two can simultaneously prevent and control fungal and bacterial diseases, greatly improving the comprehensiveness of disinfection. The number of harmful microorganisms on the surface of the disinfected rhizomes is significantly reduced. This means that after transplanting, the chance of the rhizomes being infected by pathogens is reduced, and they can better adapt to the new soil environment. In the process of backfilling, the fluidity of fine sand can be used to fill the various gaps around the plant roots under the action of gravity. When the fine sand slowly flows and fills these spaces, the carbendazim component in it can effectively inhibit the breeding and reproduction of various harmful pathogens in the soil, greatly reducing the risk of plant roots being attacked by pathogens and rotting and becoming diseased in the new environment. At the same time, the rooting powder can be evenly distributed around the root system under the carrier of fine sand, accelerating the formation and growth of new roots, so that the transplanted seedlings will adapt to the new soil conditions more quickly, prompting the roots to grow and develop more vigorously, thereby providing more sufficient water and nutrient support for the growth of the aboveground part of the plant, and improving the survival rate and growth vitality of the plant.

[0052] The average height of transplanted seedlings was statistically analyzed and the results are shown in Table 2.

[0053] Before planting 2 months 7 months 12 months Average height of transplanting group (cm) 72 75 92 118

[0054] Table 2

[0055] Table 2 shows that the Liquidambar formosana had no growth in the first two months after transplantation. This is because it was transplanted during the dormant period, when the seedlings grew slowly and needed to adapt to the new growth environment. Seven months later, the tree height increased significantly. One reason was that it entered the spring and summer growth period. Reasonable fertilization and artificial maintenance ensured its growth conditions and promoted its growth. It should be noted that during this period, it is necessary to closely observe the growth of the new shoots of the transplanted seedlings and the growth and color of the leaves to determine whether fertilization or pest control is needed.

Claims

1. A transplanting method for improving the survival of deep-rooted plants, characterized in that: include: S1. Seedling selection: Select strong seedlings with low branches and rounded tree shapes within 300 kilometers of the transplanting area; S2. Digging a soil ball: The soil ball should be 6 to 8 times the tree's diameter at breast height, and the height of the soil ball should be 2 / 3 of the diameter of the soil ball. Spray a composite fungicide on the outer surface of the soil ball. The composite fungicide is diflunisal and polyhexamethylene biguanide. S21: Pruning: After digging up the plants, the roots of the plants should be pruned immediately, and all the injured or rotten ones should be removed and tied up with straw ropes; S3, planting: vertically place the deep-rooted plant seedlings in the center of the planting hole, and backfill in layers, with each layer backfilling ≤30 cm thick; S31. Backfilling method: compact the soil layer by layer during planting. When the soil is filled to 2 / 3, use a small stick to make multiple small holes around the soil ball, and then pour in fine sand. Add carbendazim and rooting powder to the fine sand. The fine sand can fill all the small holes and other gaps. If a hole is found, gently insert and stir it with a small stick while pouring the mortar to assist the flow of the mortar and the discharge of air. After the mortar settles for a period of time, cover the surface with a layer of backfill soil and water it to allow the backfill soil to further settle on the basis of the mortar and adhere to the roots of the tree; S4. Maintenance: watering to establish roots and setting up support frames.

2. The transplanting method for improving the survival of deep-rooted plants according to claim 1, characterized in that: The step S3 before planting also includes: soil testing and soil improvement: The soil detection is to detect the soil environment and pH value; The soil is improved to red-yellow loam or sandy loam with a pH of 5.5-6.

0.

3. The transplanting method for improving the survival of deep-rooted plants according to claim 1, characterized in that: The step S3 before planting also includes: digging holes, pit bottom treatment, and fertilization, wherein: The hole digging specifications are that the depth is greater than 20 cm of the soil ball, the radius is greater than the radius of the soil ball by 20-30 cm, the sides are vertical up and down, and the pit distance is 4m×4m, 6m×6m or 8m×8m; The pit bottom treatment is to lay a 10cm drainage cushion layer; The fertilization is carried out by using compound fertilizer as a fertilizer base, and each pit is fertilized with 0.5-1kg of fertilizer and then covered with 5-6cm of soil.

4. The transplanting method for improving the survival of deep-rooted plants according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S3, the backfill soil is mixed with sand, nutrient soil or peat soil.

5. The transplanting method for improving the survival of deep-rooted plants according to claim 1, characterized in that: After the seedlings are removed, step S2 also includes pruning side branches, pruning inner branches, crossing branches, broken branches and branches smaller than 2 cm.

6. The transplanting method for improving the survival of deep-rooted plants according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S4, the bottom pile of the support frame is buried ≥30 cm deep, and the support point is set at the seedling tree body. Place.

7. The transplanting method for improving the survival of deep-rooted plants according to claim 1, characterized in that: The transplanting method also includes subsequent maintenance.

8. The transplanting method for improving the survival of deep-rooted plants according to claim 7, characterized in that: The maintenance includes: winter maintenance, spring maintenance and summer maintenance, among which Winter maintenance is to cover the ground with a mulch film for insulation, with 2-3 cm of soil pressed on the ground film and 5-10 cm of straw or wheat straw under the film; Spring maintenance includes applying 200g of compound fertilizer to the seedlings and inspecting and controlling stem borers; To ensure water supply in summer, watering time should be controlled before 10 am and after 4 pm.

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