A rice precision sowing and seedling raising substrate and a rice seedling raising method

Abstract

The present invention relates to a rice precision sowing and seedling raising substrate and a method for raising rice seedlings, wherein the rice precision sowing and seedling raising substrate includes the following components by mass: 25-40 parts of soil, 5-20 parts of peat, 5-20 parts of plant fermentation, 0.5-1 parts of inorganic salts, 1-3 parts of polysaccharides, 0.01-0.2 parts of auxins, and 1-10 parts of modified silicon dioxide; wherein the modified silicon dioxide is obtained by reacting silicon dioxide with epoxy resin and ethanolamine after being grafted with polyacids. The present invention adopts soil and inorganic salts, polysaccharides, auxins, modified silicon dioxide and other components to improve the compatibility and affinity between multiple components, can improve the stability of nutrients, promote rice to absorb nutrients required for growth more efficiently, improve the survival rate and growth effect of rice seedlings, realize efficient and accurate rice sowing and seedling raising functions, solve the problems existing in the prior art, and have good application prospects.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of agricultural technology, and in particular to a rice precision sowing and seedling raising substrate and a rice seedling raising method. Background Art

[0002] "Rice precision sowing and seedling raising technology" is a major rice seedling raising technology achievement developed by the research team of the China National Rice Research Institute. This technology can significantly reduce the use of rice hybrid seeds by more than one-third, thereby helping farmers save 70-80 yuan per mu of seed costs. At the same time, this technology can also increase rice yields by 5% to 10%. Therefore, it has quickly become popular in southern rice-growing areas. Since this technology greatly reduces the demand for seeds, in order to ensure the precise germination and healthy growth of each seed, higher requirements are placed on the standards of the seedling raising medium.

[0003] Traditional rice seedling raising substrates use Honda mud soil or guest soil, or a mixture of peat, vermiculite, fermented plant waste, etc. as raw materials for rice sowing and raising rice seedlings. Honda mud or guest soil, due to the growth environment is not very conducive to the needs of rice after sowing, such as porosity, plant growth nutrients and other factors, the quality of the grown seedlings is poor, the success rate is poor, and the success rate is generally only 55-65%; and the rice seedling raising substrate made of a mixture of peat, vermiculite, fermented plant waste, etc., although the seed germination rate is greatly improved, its weight is relatively light and the porosity is too large, which easily causes the rice seedlings to be "thin", which is not conducive to mechanized planting. At the same time, due to the excessive use of organic matter in the substrate, it is easy to cause the substrate chemistry to be unstable. For example, it is not easy to adjust the acidity of the rice substrate, which easily leads to bacteria invading the seedlings and causing disease.

[0004] At present, some studies have used rice husks, straws and other crop waste as the main raw materials, and after a series of measures such as crushing and fermentation, acidification and disinfection, industrial raw materials such as rosin and bauxite need to be added as components to prepare rice seedling medium. Although the above method avoids the destruction of the rice field topsoil and solves the raw material problem compared to field soil and nutrient soil as rice seedling medium, the preparation process is complicated, the fermentation cycle is long, the labor cost is high, and the rice seedling effect is still not ideal, making it difficult to promote and apply.

[0005] In summary, the current rice seedling raising substrate for precision seedling raising faces many problems. How to develop a rice substrate suitable for precise sowing and efficient seedling raising has important socio-economic significance and practical value.

[0006] In summary, it is urgent to develop a new technical solution to solve the problems existing in the prior art. Summary of the invention

[0007] Based on this, the present invention provides a precise rice seeding and seedling raising substrate. The present invention uses soil and inorganic salts, polysaccharides, auxins, modified silicon dioxide and other components to improve the compatibility and affinity between the various components, improve the stability of nutrients, promote rice to more efficiently absorb nutrients required for growth, improve the survival rate and growth effect of seedlings, achieve efficient and precise rice seeding and seedling raising functions, solve the problems existing in the prior art, and have good application prospects.

[0008] One object of the present invention is to provide a rice precision sowing and seedling raising substrate, the rice precision sowing and seedling raising substrate comprising the following steps:

[0009] 25-40 parts of soil

[0010] 5-20 parts peat

[0011] 5-20 servings of plant fermentation

[0012] Inorganic salt 0.5-1 part

[0013] Polysaccharide 1-3 parts

[0014] Growth hormone 0.01-0.2 parts

[0015] 1-10 parts of modified silicon dioxide;

[0016] in,

[0017] The modified silicon dioxide is obtained by grafting silicon dioxide with a polyacid and reacting with an epoxy resin and ethanolamine.

[0018] Furthermore, the preparation method of the modified silicon dioxide comprises the following steps:

[0019] S1, blending silicon dioxide and an aminosilane coupling agent, heating for reaction, adding a polyacid and an activator, and reacting under the protection of an inert gas to obtain an intermediate product;

[0020] S2, blending the intermediate product, epoxy resin and initiator, and reacting them by ultrasonic heating, then adding ethanolamine and propylene glycol methyl ether, and heating them under the protection of inert gas;

[0021] S3, adding propylene glycol methyl ether and continuing the reaction to obtain modified silicon dioxide.

[0022] Furthermore, in step S1, the temperature of the heating reaction is 50-80°C.

[0023] Furthermore, in step S2, the temperature of the ultrasonic heating reaction is 80-90°C, and the temperature of the heating reaction under the protection of inert gas is 120-140°C.

[0024] Furthermore, the mass ratio of the silicon dioxide to the polyacid is 1:(2-4).

[0025] Furthermore, the mass ratio of the intermediate product, epoxy resin, ethanolamine and propylene glycol methyl ether is 1:(30-50):(5-10):(30-50).

[0026] Furthermore, the polyacid is selected from triacid or tetraacid.

[0027] Furthermore, the soil includes local common clay and diatomaceous earth.

[0028] Furthermore, the inorganic salt is selected from one or more of ammonium salts, phosphates, calcium salts, potassium salts, magnesium salts, and iron salts.

[0029] Furthermore, the auxin is selected from one or more of indoleacetic acid, indolebutyric acid, naphthylacetic acid, gibberellin, and humic acid.

[0030] Another object of the present invention is to provide an application of the above-mentioned rice precision sowing and seedling raising substrate in rice seedling raising, wherein the rice seedling raising comprises the following steps:

[0031] After the rice seeds are disinfected and soaked, they are cultivated using a precise rice seeding and seedling raising medium. The temperature is controlled at 30-32°C and the humidity is ≥85%. The seedling trays where the seeds have been sown are then stacked and the seedlings are grown. After the seedlings have grown, they are moved to the field for seedling management and cultivated into large seedlings for machine transplanting.

[0032] The present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0033] The present invention provides a rice precision sowing and seedling raising substrate and a rice seedling raising method, wherein the seedling raising substrate uses common clay, diatomaceous earth, peat and plant fermentation as base soil, and is compounded with inorganic salts, polysaccharides, auxins and other components, thereby reducing the usage of conventional natural nutrient soil. At the same time, the present invention also uses modified silicon dioxide as a component, wherein the component first uses an aminosilane coupling agent to treat silicon dioxide, introduces amino groups on the surface, and then reacts with a tetrabasic acid to obtain an intermediate product having a large number of carboxyl groups on the surface, and then reacts with an epoxy resin to introduce highly active epoxy groups, and finally uses propylene glycol methyl ether as a solvent and ethanolamine for polycondensation to obtain a modified silicon dioxide with an amino polyether coated on the surface. The modified silicon dioxide surface has polymer segments, has better compatibility with soil and organic nutrients, can be more evenly dispersed, and a large number of hydroxyl groups, amino groups, ether bonds, and benzene ring structures introduced at the same time also give the material more active sites, can form adsorption and combination with nutrients through intermolecular forces, indirectly improve the stability of the seedling raising matrix, enhance the nutrient fixation effect of the seedling raising matrix, so that the nutrients required by the crop can be continuously effective and stably absorbed, which is conducive to each seed to obtain nutritional supplements, promote the growth of the plant, and thus achieve the effect of accurate sowing and raising seedlings. The seedling raising matrix of the present invention is applied to rice seedling raising, and a seedling rate of up to 95% can be achieved, and the rice seedlings are more vigorous at the same time, realizing efficient and accurate rice sowing and raising seedlings, which is of great significance to the development of rice planting technology. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0034] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, the following examples are listed. Unless otherwise stated, the raw materials, reactions and post-treatment methods shown in the examples are common raw materials on the market and technical methods well known to those skilled in the art.

[0035] The words "preferred", "preferably", "more preferably", etc. in the present invention refer to embodiments of the present invention that can provide certain beneficial effects in certain circumstances. However, other embodiments may also be preferred under the same circumstances or other circumstances. In addition, the description of one or more preferred embodiments does not imply that other embodiments are not applicable, nor is it intended to exclude other embodiments from the scope of the present invention.

[0036] It should be understood that, except in any operating examples, or where otherwise indicated, all numbers indicating, for example, the amounts of ingredients used in the specification and claims should be understood to be modified in all cases by the term "about". Therefore, unless indicated to the contrary, the numerical parameters set forth in the following specification and the appended claims are approximate values ​​that vary depending on the desired properties to be obtained by the present invention.

[0037] The soil in the embodiment of the present invention includes common clay and diatomaceous earth in a mass ratio of 1:1.

[0038] The plant fermentation product in the embodiment of the present invention is straw fermentation product, which is purchased from Yingtianqing.

[0039] The inorganic salt in the embodiment of the present invention includes potassium sulfate, calcium nitrate, magnesium sulfate, ferrous sulfate, ammonium phosphate and potassium dihydrogen phosphate in a mass ratio of 1:1:0.1:0.1:1:0.1.

[0040] The polysaccharide in the embodiment of the present invention includes pectin polysaccharide, seaweed polysaccharide and chitosan in a mass ratio of 1:0.5:0.5.

[0041] The auxin in the embodiment of the present invention is humic acid.

[0042] The preparation method of the modified silicon dioxide in the embodiment of the present invention comprises the following steps:

[0043] S1. Using tetrahydrofuran as solvent, silica and 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane in a mass ratio of 1:2 were mixed, reacted at 60° C. for 6 h, and cooled and dried to obtain amino silica;

[0044] Using tetrahydrofuran as solvent, adding butanetetracarboxylic acid and activator solution (N,N'-carbonyldiimidazole-tetrahydrofuran solution with a mass concentration of 24.5%), reacting at room temperature for 5 h under nitrogen protection, adding the amino silicon dioxide (amino silicon dioxide: butanetetracarboxylic acid: N,N'-carbonyldiimidazole = 1:2.3:1.6, m / m / m), continuing the reaction for 6 h, centrifuging, washing, and drying to obtain an intermediate product;

[0045] S2, the intermediate product, E-51 epoxy resin and triphenylphosphine in a mass ratio of 1:40:0.1 were mixed, ultrasonically treated for 2 h, and then reacted at 85 °C for 24 h, and then ethanolamine and propylene glycol methyl ether (intermediate product: ethanolamine: propylene glycol methyl ether = 1:8:40, m / m / m) were added, and the mixture was reacted at 140 °C for 3 h under nitrogen protection;

[0046] S3, then add propylene glycol methyl ether in an amount equal to that of S2, react at 140°C for 3 h, extract, wash with propylene glycol methyl ether, and dry to obtain modified silica.

[0047] The "parts" in the embodiments of the present invention refer to parts by mass.

[0048] Example 1

[0049] A rice precision sowing and seedling raising substrate, comprising the following components in parts by weight:

[0050] 25 parts of soil

[0051] 10 parts peat

[0052] 10 servings of plant fermentation

[0053] 0.6 parts of inorganic salt

[0054] 1.5 parts polysaccharide

[0055] Growth hormone 0.07 parts

[0056] 3 parts of modified silica.

[0057] Example 2

[0058] A rice precision sowing and seedling raising substrate, comprising the following components in parts by weight:

[0059] 35 parts of soil

[0060] 15 parts peat

[0061] 15 servings of plant fermentation

[0062] 0.8 parts of inorganic salt

[0063] 2 parts polysaccharide

[0064] Growth hormone 0.1 part

[0065] 4 parts of modified silica.

[0066] Example 3

[0067] A rice precision sowing and seedling raising substrate, comprising the following components in parts by weight:

[0068] 40 parts of soil

[0069] 20 parts peat

[0070] 20 servings of plant fermentation

[0071] 1 part inorganic salt

[0072] 3 parts polysaccharide

[0073] 0.15 parts of auxin

[0074] 5 parts of modified silica.

[0075] Comparative Example 1

[0076] The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that the modified silicon dioxide is replaced by an intermediate product of equal mass, and the other components and preparation method are the same as those in Example 1.

[0077] Comparative Example 2

[0078] The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that step S3 is deleted from the preparation method of modified silica, and step S2 is modified as follows: the intermediate product, E-51 epoxy resin and triphenylphosphine in a mass ratio of 1:40:0.1 are mixed, ultrasonically treated for 2 h, and then reacted at 85° C. for 24 h to obtain modified silica. The other ingredients and preparation method are the same as those in Example 1.

[0079] Application Example 1

[0080] A rice seedling raising method comprises the following steps:

[0081] After drying the rice seeds for 8 h, the seeds with full grains were selected, disinfected and soaked for 48 h, and then drained to obtain the pretreated seeds;

[0082] The rice precision sowing and seedling raising substrate prepared in Example 1 was added to a 9-inch seedling tray at 4 L / tray, with a bottom soil of 2 cm. 100 pretreated seeds were evenly sown in each 10×10 cm area. The seedling raising substrate covered the surface of the germinated seeds by 0.5-0.6 cm, and was watered thoroughly. The seedlings were raised in a darkened room by stacking trays. The temperature was controlled at 30-32°C and the humidity was 93%. After 48 h of emergence, the seedling trays were placed on the dry soil of the greenhouse. Consistent water management was adopted. When the seedlings grew to three leaves and one heart, they could be transplanted.

[0083] Application Examples 2 and 3

[0084] The difference between this application example and application example 1 is that the rice precision sowing and seedling raising matrix is ​​replaced with the samples prepared in Examples 2 and 3.

[0085] Comparative Application Examples 1 and 2

[0086] The difference between this comparative application example and application example 1 is that the rice precision sowing and seedling raising matrix is ​​replaced with the samples prepared in comparative examples 1 and 2.

[0087] Test Case

[0088] The seedling rates of the application cases and comparative application cases, as well as the average seedling height 5 days after sowing were statistically analyzed.

[0089] The test results are shown in Table 1.

[0090] Table 1 Test results

[0091]

[0092] According to Table 1, it can be concluded that the rice precision sowing and seedling raising matrix of the application example of the present invention can effectively promote the growth of rice seeds and seedlings, achieve the effect of accurately promoting the emergence of rice seeds, and have a higher seedling height while having a high seedling rate. In contrast, the modified silica is replaced in the comparative application example, resulting in reduced compatibility between components, reduced nutrient retention capacity and growth-promoting effect of the seedling raising matrix, and reduced seedling rate and seedling height to varying degrees, and the technical effect is significantly reduced. In summary, the rice precision sowing and seedling raising matrix and the seedling raising method of the present invention overcome the shortcomings of the prior art and have good application prospects.

[0093] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the details of the exemplary embodiments described above and that the present invention can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential features of the present invention. Therefore, the embodiments should be considered exemplary and non-restrictive in all respects, and the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the above description, and it is intended that all changes falling within the meaning and scope of the equivalent elements of the claims be included in the present invention.

[0094] In addition, it should be understood that although the present specification is described according to implementation modes, not every implementation mode contains only one independent technical solution. This description of the specification is only for the sake of clarity. Those skilled in the art should regard the specification as a whole. The technical solutions in each embodiment may also be appropriately combined to form other implementation modes that can be understood by those skilled in the art.

Claims

1. A rice precision sowing and seedling raising substrate, characterized in that: The rice precision sowing and seedling raising matrix comprises the following components in parts by mass: 25-40 parts of soil 5-20 parts peat 5-20 servings of plant fermentation Inorganic salt 0.5-1 part Polysaccharide 1-3 parts Growth hormone 0.01-0.2 parts 1-10 parts of modified silicon dioxide; in, The modified silica is obtained by grafting polyacid onto silica and reacting with epoxy resin and ethanolamine; The preparation method of the modified silicon dioxide comprises the following steps: S1, blending silicon dioxide and an aminosilane coupling agent, heating for reaction, adding a polyacid and an activator, and reacting under the protection of an inert gas to obtain an intermediate product; S2, blending the intermediate product, epoxy resin and initiator, and reacting them by ultrasonic heating, then adding ethanolamine and propylene glycol methyl ether, and heating them under the protection of inert gas; S3, adding propylene glycol methyl ether and continuing the reaction to obtain modified silicon dioxide.

2. The rice precision sowing and seedling raising substrate according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S1, the temperature of the heating reaction is 50-80°C.

3. The rice precision sowing and seedling raising substrate according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S2, the temperature of the ultrasonic heating reaction is 80-90°C, and the temperature of the heating reaction under the protection of inert gas is 120-140°C.

4. The rice precision sowing and seedling raising substrate according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mass ratio of the silicon dioxide to the polyacid is 1:(2-4).

5. The rice precision sowing and seedling raising substrate according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mass ratio of the intermediate product, epoxy resin, ethanolamine and propylene glycol methyl ether is 1:(30-50):(5-10):(30-50).

6. The rice precision sowing and seedling raising substrate according to claim 1, characterized in that: The polyacid is selected from triacids or tetraacids.

7. The rice precision sowing and seedling raising substrate according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inorganic salt is selected from one or more of ammonium salts, phosphates, calcium salts, potassium salts, magnesium salts, and iron salts.

8. The rice precision sowing and seedling raising substrate according to claim 1, characterized in that: The auxin is selected from one or more of indoleacetic acid, indolebutyric acid, naphthylacetic acid, gibberellin, and humic acid.

9. Use of the rice precision sowing and seedling raising substrate according to any one of claims 1 to 8 in rice seedling raising, characterized in that: The rice seedling raising comprises the following steps: After the rice seeds are disinfected and soaked, they are cultivated using a precise rice seeding and seedling raising medium. The temperature is controlled at 30-32°C and the humidity is ≥85%. The seedling trays where the seeds have been sown are then stacked and the seedlings are grown. After the seedlings have grown, they are moved to the field for seedling management and cultivated into large seedlings for machine transplanting.

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