Disease control method for offshore net cage cultured fishes

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of fish culture, and particularly discloses an offshore net cage cultured fish disease control method, which comprises the following steps: S1, introducing a proper amount of natural bait organisms into an offshore net cage, taking the natural bait organisms as a food source for fish culture, and simultaneously participating in construction of an ecological balance system in the net cage; a proper amount of natural bait organisms are introduced into the offshore net cage, the foundation of an ecological balance system is constructed in the offshore net cage, meanwhile, the food requirements of cultured fishes are met, the natural bait organisms serve as a direct food source of the cultured fishes, necessary nutrition is provided, growth and development of the fishes are facilitated, and the ecological balance is achieved. The introduction of the natural bait organisms also participates in the construction of an ecological balance system in the net cage, the diversity of the natural bait organisms is beneficial to enhancing the immunity of the fishes and improving the resistance of the fishes to diseases, and through the regulation and control of a natural food chain, the environmental pollution possibly generated in the culture process is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of fish breeding, and in particular relates to a method for preventing and controlling diseases of offshore cage-cultured fish. Background Art

[0002] In the field of fish farming technology, offshore cage farming has been widely used in recent years as an efficient and intensive farming method. This farming model can not only effectively utilize marine resources and increase farming density, but also reduce farming costs to a certain extent, bringing considerable economic benefits to farmers. With the continuous advancement of farming technology, offshore cage culture fish disease prevention and control methods have gradually become a research hotspot.

[0003] Traditional offshore cage fish disease prevention and control methods mainly rely on the use of chemical drugs, that is, antibiotics and disinfectants are regularly added to the cages during the breeding process to kill disease microorganisms and prevent the occurrence of diseases. However, although this method can control the spread of diseases to a certain extent, it also brings many disadvantages. First, long-term and large-scale use of chemical drugs can easily lead to drug residues in farmed fish, which not only affects the quality of fish, but also may pose a potential threat to human health. Secondly, the abuse of chemical drugs will destroy the ecological balance in the cages, leading to a reduction in beneficial microorganisms and natural bait organisms, thereby weakening the immunity of fish and making them more susceptible to diseases. In addition, the frequent use of chemical drugs will increase breeding costs, reduce economic benefits, and is not conducive to the sustainable development of the breeding industry. Therefore, staff need to improve it. Summary of the invention

[0004] The object of the present invention is to provide a method for preventing and controlling diseases of fish cultured in offshore cages to solve the problems raised in the above-mentioned background technology.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0006] A method for preventing and controlling diseases of fish cultured in offshore cages, comprising the following steps:

[0007] S1. Introduce an appropriate amount of natural bait organisms into offshore cages. Natural bait organisms serve as a food source for farmed fish and also participate in building an ecological balance system in the cages;

[0008] S2. Further introduce beneficial microorganisms into offshore cages. Beneficial microorganisms inhibit the growth and reproduction of pathogenic microorganisms through competition, antagonism and symbiotic relationships;

[0009] S3. Monitor and adjust the ecological balance system in offshore cages to ensure that the number of natural bait organisms and beneficial microorganisms is maintained within an appropriate range to maintain ecological balance and effectively prevent and control fish diseases;

[0010] S4. Dynamically adjust the types and quantities of natural bait organisms and beneficial microorganisms according to the growth stage, health status and environmental conditions of farmed fish to adapt to different farming needs and environmental changes.

[0011] Preferably, the natural bait organisms include but are not limited to zooplankton, benthic animals, algae and organic debris.

[0012] Preferably, the beneficial microorganisms include but are not limited to photosynthetic bacteria, nitrifying bacteria, lactic acid bacteria and Bacillus.

[0013] Preferably, in step S3, the method for monitoring and adjusting the ecological balance system includes regularly testing water quality parameters, observing fish behavior and health status, and adjusting the release strategy of natural bait organisms and beneficial microorganisms according to the test results.

[0014] Preferably, the cages are thoroughly cleaned and disinfected before the start of the breeding cycle to reduce the number of initial disease microorganisms and lay the foundation for building an ecologically balanced system.

[0015] Preferably, in step S4, the method for dynamically adjusting the types and quantities of natural bait organisms and beneficial microorganisms includes conducting a comprehensive assessment based on the feeding habits of farmed fish, disease trends and water quality changes, and formulating an adjustment plan accordingly.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0017] (1) By introducing an appropriate amount of natural bait organisms into offshore cages, the foundation for building an ecological balance system in offshore cages is achieved, while meeting the food needs of farmed fish. Natural bait organisms, as the direct food source of farmed fish, provide necessary nutrition and contribute to the growth and development of fish. The introduction of natural bait organisms also participates in the construction of an ecological balance system in the cages, interacting with other organisms through food chain relationships to maintain the stability of the ecosystem, thereby reducing dependence on artificial baits and reducing breeding costs. The diversity of natural bait organisms helps to enhance the immunity of fish and improve their resistance to diseases. Through the regulation of the natural food chain, it reduces the environmental pollution that may be generated during the breeding process.

[0018] (2) By introducing beneficial microorganisms into offshore cages, the growth and reproduction of pathogenic microorganisms can be inhibited by utilizing the competition, antagonism and symbiotic relationship of beneficial microorganisms. Beneficial microorganisms limit the reproduction space of pathogenic microorganisms by competing for nutrients and space resources. The antimicrobial substances produced by beneficial microorganisms or their direct antagonistic effect on pathogenic microorganisms reduce the number of pathogenic microorganisms. Beneficial microorganisms form a symbiotic relationship with farmed fish and natural bait organisms, promoting the health and stability of the entire ecosystem, significantly reducing the incidence of fish diseases, and reducing economic losses caused by diseases. The introduction of beneficial microorganisms also improves water quality, provides a more suitable living environment for fish, reduces the use of chemical drugs, and reduces the risk of environmental pollution during the breeding process.

[0019] (3) By monitoring and adjusting the ecological balance system in offshore cages, continuous monitoring and dynamic adjustment of the ecological balance system in the cages can be achieved to ensure the stability of the system and the effectiveness of disease prevention and control. Water quality parameters are regularly tested and fish behavior and health status are observed to provide a scientific basis for adjusting the ecological balance system. According to the test results, the release strategy of natural bait organisms and beneficial microorganisms is adjusted in a timely manner to adapt to aquaculture needs and environmental changes, improve the stability and self-regulation ability of the ecological balance system, ensure the healthy growth of fish, optimize the utilization efficiency of bait and microorganisms through dynamic adjustment, reduce resource waste, enhance the controllability of the aquaculture process, and provide farmers with more scientific and efficient aquaculture management methods. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] Figure 1 The figure is a flow chart of the method of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0021] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0022] Embodiment 1:

[0023] See also Figure 1 As shown, a method for preventing and controlling diseases of offshore cage cultured fish comprises the following steps:

[0024] S1. Introduce an appropriate amount of natural bait organisms into offshore cages. Natural bait organisms serve as a food source for farmed fish and also participate in building an ecological balance system in the cages;

[0025] S2. Further introduce beneficial microorganisms into offshore cages. Beneficial microorganisms inhibit the growth and reproduction of pathogenic microorganisms through competition, antagonism and symbiotic relationships;

[0026] S3. Monitor and adjust the ecological balance system in offshore cages to ensure that the number of natural bait organisms and beneficial microorganisms is maintained within an appropriate range to maintain ecological balance and effectively prevent and control fish diseases;

[0027] S4. Dynamically adjust the types and quantities of natural bait organisms and beneficial microorganisms according to the growth stage, health status and environmental conditions of farmed fish to adapt to different farming needs and environmental changes.

[0028] The natural bait organisms include but are not limited to zooplankton, benthic animals, algae and organic debris.

[0029] The beneficial microorganisms include but are not limited to photosynthetic bacteria, nitrifying bacteria, lactic acid bacteria and Bacillus.

[0030] In step S3, the method for monitoring and adjusting the ecological balance system includes regularly testing water quality parameters, observing fish behavior and health status, and adjusting the release strategy of natural bait organisms and beneficial microorganisms according to the test results.

[0031] Monitoring and adjusting the ecological balance system specifically includes the following:

[0032] (1) Regular water quality testing: Use professional water quality testing equipment to regularly test the water quality in the cages, including but not limited to key indicators such as dissolved oxygen content, pH value, ammonia nitrogen concentration, nitrite concentration, nitrate concentration, and water temperature. These indicators can reflect the ecological environment in the cages, especially the conditions where pathogenic microorganisms may breed.

[0033] (2) Observe fish behavior and health status: Regularly observe the swimming status, feeding conditions, abnormal lesions or parasites on the body surface, and key health indicators such as mortality rate of farmed fish. These observation results can directly reflect whether the fish are affected by diseases.

[0034] (3) Data analysis and evaluation: Comprehensively analyze and evaluate the water quality test results and the observation results of fish behavior and health status to determine the stability of the current ecological balance system and the potential risk of pathogenic microorganisms.

[0035] (4) Adjustment strategy formulation: Based on the analysis and evaluation results, an adjustment strategy is formulated. If water quality indicators deviate from the normal range or fish show health abnormalities, corresponding measures need to be taken, such as increasing or decreasing the amount of natural bait organisms released, introducing or removing specific types of beneficial microorganisms, improving water quality conditions (such as increasing the frequency of water changes, using water quality conditioners, etc.), etc.

[0036] (5) Implement adjustment measures: According to the formulated adjustment strategy, the ecological balance system in the cage is adjusted accordingly. During the adjustment process, changes in water quality and fish health status need to be closely monitored to ensure the effectiveness of the adjustment measures.

[0037] (6) Continuous monitoring and feedback: After the implementation of adjustment measures, it is necessary to continuously conduct water quality testing and observe the health status of fish in order to promptly discover and solve new problems that may arise. At the same time, the adjustment strategy should be revised and optimized as necessary based on the monitoring results to ensure the long-term stability of the ecological balance system and the effectiveness of disease prevention and control.

[0038] The cages are cleaned and disinfected thoroughly before the start of the breeding cycle to reduce the number of initial disease microorganisms and lay the foundation for building an ecologically balanced system.

[0039] In step S4, the method for dynamically adjusting the types and quantities of natural bait organisms and beneficial microorganisms includes conducting a comprehensive assessment based on the feeding habits of farmed fish, disease trends and water quality changes, and formulating an adjustment plan accordingly.

[0040] The water quality test results record the changes in key indicators of water quality test over time, as well as the annotations at abnormal values, as shown in the following table:

[0041]

[0042]

[0043] Fish behavior and health status, record the changes of key indicators of fish behavior and health status over time, and mark the abnormal values, as shown in the following table:

[0044]

[0045]

[0046] Ecological balance system stability, record the changes in the ecological balance system stability score or level over time, and mark the description when the fluctuation is large or reaches the warning threshold, as shown in the following table:

[0047]

[0048] Embodiment 2:

[0049] See also Figure 1 As shown, the method of dynamically adjusting the types and quantities of natural bait organisms and beneficial microorganisms is explained and refined in more detail.

[0050] During the specific operation process, a comprehensive assessment is conducted based on the real-time monitoring data of the feeding habits of farmed fish, disease trends, and water quality changes, and precise adjustments are made accordingly. For example, when it is found that the farmed fish's intake of a specific type of natural bait organism has significantly decreased, not only will the amount of that bait be reduced immediately to avoid waste and possible water pollution, but alternative baits will also be actively sought and gradually increased to meet the nutritional needs of the fish. The choice of such alternative baits will fully consider their nutritional content, taste, and the fish's acceptance of them.

[0051] At the same time, we pay close attention to key indicators of water quality, such as ammonia nitrogen concentration. Once the ammonia nitrogen concentration is found to be abnormally high, we will take immediate measures to introduce more beneficial microorganisms that can efficiently decompose ammonia nitrogen, such as nitrifying bacteria, and appropriately reduce the release of bait that may cause a further increase in ammonia nitrogen. In addition, we will flexibly adjust the types and quantities of beneficial microorganisms according to the health status of fish and the trend of disease occurrence to inhibit the growth and reproduction of disease microorganisms.

[0052] In order to further improve the stability of the ecological balance system and the effect of disease prevention and control, more advanced monitoring methods are adopted and automated water quality monitoring equipment is introduced. This equipment can monitor key indicators of water quality in real time, such as dissolved oxygen content, pH value, ammonia nitrogen concentration, nitrite concentration and water temperature. Through these data, we can timely understand the ecological environment status in the cage and provide a scientific basis for formulating and adjusting the strategy of the ecological balance system.

[0053] In addition, video surveillance systems are installed to observe behavioral changes in farmed fish. Through monitoring videos, it is possible to visually see the fish's swimming status, feeding conditions, and whether there are abnormal lesions on the body surface. These observations can provide direct evidence of the health status of the fish and help to promptly detect and deal with potential disease problems.

[0054] In summary, by refining the dynamic adjustment method and introducing advanced monitoring means, the scientificity and effectiveness of the disease prevention and control methods for offshore cage cultured fish can be further improved.

[0055] Embodiment three:

[0056] See also Figure 1 As shown, it is optimized and adjusted for specific farmed fish (such as large yellow croaker).

[0057] First, when introducing natural bait organisms, the feeding habits and nutritional needs of yellow croaker are fully considered. In addition to common baits such as zooplankton, benthic animals and algae, organic debris that yellow croaker likes is also introduced as auxiliary bait. These organic debris are not only rich in nutrients required by yellow croaker, but also can promote the construction of an ecological balance system in the cage.

[0058] Secondly, when introducing beneficial microorganisms, targeted selection is made for diseases that yellow croaker is susceptible to (such as tail rot, enteritis, etc.). For example, photosynthetic bacteria and lactic acid bacteria that can inhibit the pathogens of tail rot, as well as nitrifying bacteria and Bacillus that can improve intestinal health and prevent enteritis, are introduced. These beneficial microorganisms effectively inhibit the growth and reproduction of disease microorganisms through competition, antagonism and symbiotic relationships.

[0059] In addition, special attention is paid to the changes in the demand for bait and microorganisms of large yellow croaker at different growth stages. In the juvenile stage, the amount of easily digestible zooplankton and algae is increased, and beneficial microorganisms that can promote the growth and development of juvenile fish are introduced; in the adult stage, more attention is paid to the nutritional balance and taste of the bait, as well as the introduction of beneficial microorganisms that can enhance the immunity and disease resistance of adult fish.

[0060] Through optimization and adjustment, an ecological balance system suitable for the growth of large yellow croaker in offshore cages has been successfully constructed. This system not only improves the growth rate and health of large yellow croaker, but also effectively reduces the incidence of diseases, bringing considerable economic benefits to farmers.

[0061] Application comparison:

[0062] See also Figure 1 As shown, the traditional disease prevention method is adopted, that is, mainly relying on chemical drugs for disease prevention. Specifically, during the breeding process, antibiotics and disinfectants are regularly added to the cages to kill disease microorganisms and prevent the occurrence of diseases.

[0063] However, after a period of farming practice, it was found that the fish in the cages using traditional disease prevention methods grew slowly, were in poor health, and had a high incidence of diseases. In contrast, the fish in the cages using the disease prevention method of the present application grew rapidly, were in good health, and had a significantly reduced incidence of diseases.

[0064] Water quality test results comparison table:

[0065]

[0066]

[0067] Fish behavior and health status comparison table:

[0068]

[0069]

[0070]

[0071] Comparison table of ecological balance system stability:

[0072]

[0073] This comparison result shows that the disease prevention and control method of offshore cage cultured fish in this application has more significant advantages and effects than traditional methods. By building an ecological balance system and dynamically adjusting the types and quantities of bait and microorganisms, this application not only effectively improves the growth rate and health of fish, but also significantly reduces the incidence of diseases, providing strong technical support for the sustainable development of offshore cage culture.

[0074] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations may be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, and that the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A method for preventing and controlling diseases of offshore cage cultured fish, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. Introduce an appropriate amount of natural bait organisms into offshore cages. Natural bait organisms serve as a food source for farmed fish and also participate in building an ecological balance system in the cages; S2. Further introduce beneficial microorganisms into offshore cages. Beneficial microorganisms inhibit the growth and reproduction of pathogenic microorganisms through competition, antagonism and symbiotic relationships; S3. Monitor and adjust the ecological balance system in offshore cages to ensure that the number of natural bait organisms and beneficial microorganisms is maintained within an appropriate range to maintain ecological balance and effectively prevent and control fish diseases; S4. Dynamically adjust the types and quantities of natural bait organisms and beneficial microorganisms according to the growth stage, health status and environmental conditions of farmed fish to adapt to different farming needs and environmental changes.

2. A method for preventing and controlling diseases of offshore cage cultured fish according to claim 1, characterized in that: The natural bait organisms include but are not limited to zooplankton, benthic animals, algae and organic debris.

3. The method for preventing and controlling diseases of offshore cage cultured fish according to claim 1, characterized in that: The beneficial microorganisms include but are not limited to photosynthetic bacteria, nitrifying bacteria, lactic acid bacteria and Bacillus.

4. The method for preventing and controlling diseases of offshore cage cultured fish according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S3, the method for monitoring and adjusting the ecological balance system includes regularly testing water quality parameters, observing fish behavior and health status, and adjusting the release strategy of natural bait organisms and beneficial microorganisms according to the test results.

5. The method for preventing and controlling diseases of offshore cage cultured fish according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cages are cleaned and disinfected thoroughly before the start of the breeding cycle to reduce the number of initial disease microorganisms and lay the foundation for building an ecologically balanced system.

6. The method for preventing and controlling diseases of offshore cage cultured fish according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S4, the method for dynamically adjusting the types and quantities of natural bait organisms and beneficial microorganisms includes conducting a comprehensive assessment based on the feeding habits of farmed fish, disease trends and water quality changes, and formulating an adjustment plan accordingly.

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