A laser cutting system and a laser cutting method based on PSO

Abstract

The present invention provides a laser cutting system and a laser cutting method based on PSO. The present invention can supply electrical signals with different voltages, currents, amplitudes, frequencies or phases to a coil through an electric controller, so that the coil generates different magnetic fields to react with a magnet, and there is no stepped connection in the transition between the magnetic fields at various intensities. Therefore, compared with the conventional method of driving the lens to move by a motor, in this embodiment, when controlling the movement of the lens, the movement of the lens also does not have a step-by-step movement, thereby improving the movement speed and accuracy of the lens; the present invention belongs to the technical field of automation equipment.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of automated equipment, and particularly relates to a laser cutting system and a laser cutting method based on PSO. Background Art

[0002] In the earliest product cutting, mechanical cutting was generally adopted, that is, a diamond blade rotating at a high speed was used for contact physical cutting. The disadvantages of this cutting method are also obvious. The contact method means that uneven stress will be generated inside the crystal. During cutting, product chipping and internal breakage are likely to occur, and dust will be generated. In addition, due to tool wear, the tool needs to be frequently replaced, which affects the efficiency and increases the cost. Laser cutting is to make the focused laser beam irradiate on the product surface. The laser energy is absorbed by the product material and converted into heat energy, so that a local area is quickly melted or evaporated, thereby forming a cutting channel. Therefore, non-contact laser cutting is gradually replacing conventional mechanical cutting.

[0003] In a conventional laser cutting device, in order to focus the laser to different positions and different heights of the product to be cut, a lens driving mechanism is usually used to move the lens, so as to adjust the position between the lenses, thereby realizing focusing of the laser. The lens driving mechanism generally uses a conventional motor to drive the lens to move. Due to the structural characteristics of the motor itself, the motor moves in a step-by-step manner. At the same time, the motor generally transmits power through structures such as gears, racks and gears to drive the lens to move. Therefore, the lens also moves in a step-by-step manner, resulting in low lens movement accuracy. When the lens movement accuracy is improved by using a variable-speed gear, the volume and manufacturing cost of the device also increase accordingly.

[0004] In addition, in conventional laser cutting, due to the cutting process, the movement of the cutting axis involves non-uniform motion segments such as acceleration, deceleration, and turning. Therefore, the actual laser energy output on the wafer is not uniform. If the laser is simply turned on at the cutting start point and turned off at the end point, the result is that the depth and width of the cutting track are not uniform. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a laser cutting system and a laser cutting method based on PSO to solve the technical defects described in the background art.

[0006] The described laser cutting system based on PSO includes a laser, which includes a laser generating unit and a lens group. The laser generating unit is used to emit laser light that passes through the lens group and irradiates onto the cutting track. The lens group is used to focus the laser. The lens group includes a lens driving mechanism and several lenses. The lens driving mechanism is used to drive the lenses to move. The lens driving mechanism includes a guide post, a guide rail, and an electric controller. A magnet is provided at a certain part of the guide post. A slider slides on the guide rail. The lens is fixed to the slider. A coil is installed on the slider. The coil is sleeved outside the guide post and the magnet and there is a gap between the coil and the guide post and the magnet, so that the coil can move outside the guide post and the magnet. The electric controller is electrically connected to the coil. The electric controller is used to supply an electric signal to the coil, so that the coil generates different magnetic fields according to different voltages, currents, amplitudes, frequencies, or phases of the electric signal and reacts with the magnet, thereby driving the slider to drive the lens to move.

[0007] Based on the above technical solutions, the following beneficial effects are achieved by this laser cutting system:

[0008] 1. When the motion control card controls the laser output of the laser, the laser light emitted by the laser generating unit can be focused by the lens group and concentratedly irradiated onto the surface of the product, so as to achieve more efficient and uniform cutting of the product. At the same time, the depth and width of the cutting track can be ensured to be more stable and uniform.

[0009] 2. The lens driving mechanism is used to drive the lenses to move, so as to adjust the distance between the lenses, the distance between the lens and the laser emitting unit, and the distance between the lens and the product, so as to be able to adjust the focal length, focus, and position of the laser according to products of different shapes, thicknesses, and products with uneven surfaces, thereby achieving more stable and efficient cutting of the product.

[0010] 3. When driving the lens to move, an electric signal can be supplied to the coil by the electric controller. At this time, the coil generates different magnetic fields according to different voltages, currents, amplitudes, frequencies, or phases of the electric signal, and this magnetic field will react with the magnet, thereby realizing driving the slider to drive the lens to move;

[0011] 4. Since an electric signal with different voltages, currents, amplitudes, frequencies, or phases is supplied to the coil by the electric controller, the coil generates different magnetic fields and reacts with the magnet, and there is no stepped connection in the transition between the intensities of the magnetic fields. Therefore, compared with the conventional method of driving the lens to move by a motor, in this embodiment, when controlling the movement of the lens, the movement of the lens does not have a step-by-step movement, thereby improving the movement speed and accuracy of the lens;

[0012] 5. Compared with the conventional method of driving the lens to move by a motor, in this embodiment, when driving the lens to move, there is no need to adjust the lens movement speed by a speed change gear, thus reducing the size of the device and the manufacturing cost of the device;

[0013] 6. Compared with conventional methods of driving the lens to move by a motor, in this embodiment, the lens can be driven to move more sensitively, more efficiently and at a faster speed.

[0014] In order to further optimize the above technical solution, it can be optionally combined with one or more of the following implementation methods without conflict.

[0015] In some embodiments, the PSO-based laser cutting system further includes:

[0016] Industrial computer, which is used to store the data points and isometric parameters used by PSO, and is responsible for sending data points or spacing data;

[0017] Motion control card, the motion control card is connected with the industrial computer signal, so that the motion control card can receive the data point or spacing data sent by the industrial computer, and control the start and stop of the movement;

[0018] The driver and the motion control card are connected to the driver signal through the EtherCAT bus, the driver signal is connected to the cutting motor, and the cutting motor is connected to the motion control card signal, so that the motion control card obtains the pulse value of the motor encoder through the high-speed comparison port of the motor;

[0019] The laser is connected to the cutting motor, which is used to drive the laser to move. The laser is connected to the motion control card signal. The motion control card derives the coordinate value function based on the pulse value of the motor encoder and compares it with the position of the laser. When the laser enters the set comparison parameter range, the motion control card triggers the high-speed output IO to control the laser output of the laser, so as to achieve uniform start and stop of the laser.

[0020] Based on the above technical solution, the laser cutting system can further achieve the following beneficial effects:

[0021] Since the motion control card can obtain the coordinate value function based on the pulse value of the motor encoder, when the driver controls the cutting motor to drive the laser to move, by comparing the coordinate value function with the data points and equidistant parameters stored for PSO (the data points refer to the position points where it is set to laser on the product, and the equidistant parameter refers to the equidistant parameter between the data points), when the cutting motor drives the laser to enter the comparison range set by the parameters (that is, when moving to the position point), the motion control card triggers the high-speed output IO to control the laser output of the laser; therefore, during the cutting process, when the laser has non-uniform motion segments such as accelerating, decelerating, and turning, the laser is evenly distributed on the actual motion trajectory of the laser, thereby improving the cutting quality.

[0022] In some embodiments, a plurality of magnets with S poles and N poles arranged in a staggered manner are provided on the guide post, with intervals between the magnets, and 2 coils with S poles and N poles arranged in a staggered manner are provided on the slider, so that the electronic controller continuously attempts magnetic field reactions with two adjacent magnets with S poles and N poles arranged in a staggered manner by alternately driving one of the coils;

[0023] Based on the above technical solutions, the following beneficial effects are further achieved by this laser cutting system:

[0024] Since a plurality of magnets with S poles and N poles arranged in a staggered manner are provided on the guide post, and at the same time, 2 coils with S poles and N poles arranged in a staggered manner are provided on the slider, when one of the coils slides past one of the magnets, the electronic controller can alternately supply electrical signals to the two coils, enabling the two coils to continuously and alternately generate magnetic field reactions with two adjacent magnets with S poles and N poles arranged in a staggered manner, so as to achieve the relay of the coils between two adjacent magnets, thereby realizing the driving of the slider to move a longer stroke.

[0025] In some embodiments, positioning pieces are installed on the slider. Each positioning piece is provided with a reflecting surface, each reflecting surface covers a filter layer, and the spectra filtered by each filter layer are all different from each other, so that each reflecting surface refracts light of different spectra. Each reflecting surface is provided with a positioning hole facing the light speed rangefinder, and the sizes of each positioning hole are all different and arranged in order of size. The positioning hole closest to the light speed rangefinder has the largest size, and the centers of all positioning holes are on the same straight line. The ranging light emitted by the light speed rangefinder covers inside and outside the positioning hole with the largest size, enabling all reflecting surfaces to refract light of different spectra to the light speed rangefinder, and the light speed rangefinder senses the distance of each positioning piece according to the time of receiving light of different spectra;

[0026] Based on the above technical solutions, the following beneficial effects are further achieved by this laser cutting system:

[0027] 1. Since the sizes of each positioning hole are different from each other and arranged in ascending order, and the centers of all positioning holes are on the same vertical line, and the positioning hole closest to the light speed rangefinder is the largest in size. Therefore, when the ranging light emitted by the light speed rangefinder covers inside and outside the largest-sized positioning hole, the ranging light can also irradiate all the positioning pieces at the same time. At this time, since the spectra filtered by each filter layer are different from each other, so that each reflecting surface refracts light of different spectra. Therefore, the light speed rangefinder obtains the distance of each positioning piece, that is, the position of the lens, according to the time of receiving light of different spectra.

[0028] 2. Since the ranging light can irradiate all the positioning pieces at the same time, that is, only one light speed rangefinder needs to be set to position multiple groups of lenses, thus reducing the volume of the equipment and the manufacturing cost. In addition, it is also convenient to position several lenses arranged vertically on the ground.

[0029] The described laser cutting method is applied to the above laser cutting system, in which the laser cutting system needs to be provided with an industrial control computer, a motion control card and a driver. The laser cutting method includes the following steps:

[0030] Step 1: The industrial control computer writes the position points used by PSO, the number of position points, the equal-spacing distance of the position points, and the arrangement order of all position points into the motion control card. The position points refer to the positions on the cutting track where the laser needs to be irradiated, so that before the motion control card controls the cutting motor to start moving along the cutting track through the controller, it can know in advance the positions of each position point on the cutting track respectively.

[0031] Step 2: The motion control card controls the cutting motor to start moving along the cutting track through the controller.

[0032] Step 3: The motion control card sequentially takes out 1 position point from the position point queue, and judges the moving stroke of the cutting motor driving the laser by obtaining the motor encoder pulses. According to the comparison between the moving stroke of the laser and the equal-spacing distance of the taken-out position point, it is judged whether the laser reaches the position point. If it reaches the position, go to Step 4.

[0033] Step 4: The motion control card sets the high-speed output IO level to control the laser.

[0034] Step 5: Judge whether it is the last position point. If it is, end. If not, take the next position point in the queue and return to Step 3 to continue the comparison.

[0035] Based on the above technical solutions, the present invention achieves the following beneficial effects: During the cutting process, when the laser moves in non-uniform motion segments such as accelerating, decelerating, and turning, the laser is evenly distributed on the actual motion trajectory of the laser, thereby improving the cutting quality.

[0036] In some embodiments, in step 3, when the motion control card takes out the first position point from the position point queue, the first position point serves as the starting point of the cutting track and the first position point is used as the positioning point;

[0037] Based on the above technical solution, the laser cutting method further achieves the following beneficial effects: By using the first position point as the starting point of the cutting track and using the first position point as the positioning point, the laser can be more evenly distributed on the actual motion trajectory of the laser. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0038] In order to more clearly illustrate the specific embodiments of the present invention, the following will briefly describe the drawings and reference numerals used in the description of the specific embodiments.

[0039] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the signal connection between the industrial control computer, motion control card, driver, cutting motor and laser in the present invention;

[0040] Figure 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the lens driving mechanism of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 3 is a diagram of the product state before cutting;

[0042] Figure 4 is a diagram of the product state after cutting the product by conventional laser cutting;

[0043] Figure 5 is a diagram of the energy distribution of the laser when using the conventional laser switching mode and when the laser moves at a non-uniform speed;

[0044] Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the cutting effect of the conventional laser;

[0045] Figure 7 is a diagram of the energy distribution of the laser based on the laser cutting system and laser cutting method provided by the present invention;

[0046] Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of the cutting effect based on the laser cutting system and laser cutting method provided by the present invention.

[0047] Reference Numerals:

[0048] 1. Industrial control computer; 2. Motion control card; 3. Driver; 4. Cutting motor; 5. Laser; 51. Light generating unit; 52. Lens group; 521. Lens; 6. Lens driving mechanism; 61. Guide post; 611. Magnet; 62. Guide rail; 621. Slide block; 622. Coil; 7. Positioning piece; 71. Reflective surface; 72. Filter layer; 73. Positioning hole. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0049] In order to make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clear, this specific implementation method further describes the present invention in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0050] First, in conventional laser cutting, the cutting process involves non-uniform motion segments such as acceleration, deceleration, and turning in the movement of the cutting axis. Therefore, the actual laser output energy on the wafer is not uniform. If the laser light is simply turned on at the starting point of the cutting and turned off at the end point, the result is that the depth and width of the cutting track are not uniform. Figure 3 and 4 As shown, Figure 3 This is the state of the product before cutting. Figure 4 The state of the product after cutting. The circled part in the figure is the part where the energy is uneven. To further explain, the cutting track refers to the part on the product to be cut that needs to be cut, that is, the part on the product that needs to be irradiated by the laser.

[0051] Based on the above technical defects of conventional laser cutting, this specific embodiment provides a laser cutting system and a laser cutting method based on PSO.

[0052] like Figure 1 and 2 As shown, this specific embodiment provides a PSO-based laser cutting system comprising:

[0053] Industrial computer 1, which is used to store the data points and isometric parameters used by PSO, and is responsible for sending data points or spacing data;

[0054] Motion control card 2, which is connected to the industrial computer 1 by signal, so that the motion control card 2 can receive the data points or spacing data sent by the industrial computer 1, and control the start and stop of the motion;

[0055] Driver 3, motion control card 2 is connected to driver 3 signal through EtherCAT bus, driver 3 signal is connected to cutting motor 4, cutting motor 4 is connected to motion control card 2 signal, so that motion control card 2 obtains the pulse value of motor encoder through the high-speed comparison port of motor;

[0056] Laser 5, cutting motor 4 is connected to laser 5 in transmission to drive laser 5 to move, laser 5 is connected to motion control card 2 signal, motion control card 2 obtains coordinate value function according to pulse value of motor encoder and compares it with the position of laser 5, when laser 5 enters set comparison parameter range, motion control card 2 is used to trigger high-speed output IO to control laser output of laser 5, so as to achieve uniform start and stop of laser 5.

[0057] Since the motion control card 2 can obtain the coordinate value function based on the pulse value of the motor encoder, when the drive 3 controls the cutting motor 4 to drive the laser 5 to move, by comparing the coordinate value function with the data points and equidistant parameters stored for PSO (the data points refer to the position points where it is set to laser on the product, and the equidistant parameter refers to the equidistant parameter between the data points), when the cutting motor 4 drives the laser 5 to move into the set comparison parameter range (that is, moves to the position point), the motion control card 2 triggers the high-speed output IO to control the laser output of the laser 5; therefore, during the cutting process, when the laser 5 is in non-uniform motion segments such as accelerating, decelerating, and turning, the laser is evenly distributed on the actual motion trajectory of the laser 5, thereby improving the cutting quality.

[0058] For further explanation, the high-speed comparison port of the motor generally refers to the interface in the motor control system used to compare the actual speed of the motor with the target speed. This interface receives the feedback signal from the motor encoder and compares it with the set target speed to achieve precise control of the motor speed. The working principle of the high-speed comparison port The working principle of the high-speed comparison port mainly includes the following steps: Signal acquisition: The motor encoder converts the actual speed of the motor into an electrical signal and inputs it into the control system through the high-speed comparison port; Signal processing: The control system processes the input electrical signal, converts it into a digital signal, and compares it with the set target speed; Feedback control: According to the comparison result, the control system adjusts the drive signal of the motor to achieve precise speed control.

[0059] In some embodiments, the laser 5 includes a laser generating unit 51 and a lens group 52. The laser generating unit 51 is used to emit laser light that passes through the lens group 52 and irradiates the cutting track, and the lens group 52 is used to focus the laser.

[0060] When the motion control card 2 controls the laser output of the laser 5, the laser light emitted by the laser generating unit 51 can be focused by the lens group 52 and concentratedly irradiated onto the product surface, so as to achieve more efficient and uniform cutting of the product. At the same time, it can more stably ensure the uniformity of the depth and width of the cutting track.

[0061] In some embodiments, the lens group 52 includes a lens driving mechanism 6 and several lenses 521, and the lens driving mechanism 6 is used to drive the movement.

[0062] By driving the movement through the lens driving mechanism 6, the distance between the lenses 521, the distance between the lens 521 and the laser emitting unit, and the distance between the lens 521 and the product are adjusted to be able to adjust the focal length, focus, and position of the laser according to products of different shapes, thicknesses, and products with uneven surfaces, so as to achieve more stable and efficient cutting of the product.

[0063] In some embodiments, the lens driving mechanism 6 generally uses a conventional motor to drive the movement of the lens 521.

[0064] In addition, in a conventional laser cutting device, in order to focus the laser on the products to be cut at different positions and different heights, a lens driving mechanism is usually used to move the lens, so as to adjust the positions between the lenses, thereby achieving the focusing of the laser. Still, due to the structural characteristics of the motor itself, the motor moves in a step-by-step manner. At the same time, the motor generally transmits power through structures such as gears, racks, and gears to drive the movement of the lens 521. Therefore, the lens 521 also moves in a step-by-step manner, resulting in low movement accuracy of the lens 521. When the movement accuracy of the lens 521 is improved by a variable-speed gear, the volume and manufacturing cost of the device also increase.

[0065] Based on the above technical problems, in some embodiments, the lens driving mechanism 6 includes a guide post 61, a guide rail 62, and an electric controller. A magnet 611 is provided at a certain part of the guide post 61. A slider 621 slides on the guide rail 62. The lens 521 is fixed to the slider 621. A coil 622 is installed on the slider 621. The coil 622 is sleeved on the outer periphery of the guide post 61 and the magnet 611 and there is a gap between the coil 622 and the guide post 61 and the magnet 611, so that the coil 622 can move on the outer periphery of the guide post 61 and the magnet 611. The electric controller is electrically connected to the coil 622. The electric controller is used to supply an electrical signal to the coil 622, so that the coil 622 generates different magnetic fields according to different voltages, currents, amplitudes, frequencies, or phases of the electrical signal and reacts with the magnet 611, thereby driving the slider 621 to drive the lens 521 to move.

[0066] When driving the movement of the lens 521, an electric signal can be transmitted to the coil 622 through an electric controller. At this time, the coil 622 generates different magnetic fields according to different voltages, currents, amplitudes, frequencies or phases of the electric signal. This magnetic field will react with the magnet 611, thereby realizing driving the slider 621 to drive the lens 521 to move. Since different voltages, currents, amplitudes, frequencies or phases of electric signals are transmitted to the coil 622 through the electric controller, the coil 622 generates different magnetic fields to react with the magnet 611, and there is no stepped connection in the transition between the intensities of the magnetic fields. Therefore, compared with the conventional method of driving the lens 521 by a motor, in this embodiment, when controlling the movement of the lens 521, the lens 521 does not move in a stepwise manner, thereby improving the movement speed and accuracy of the lens 521. In addition, compared with the conventional method of driving the lens 521 by a motor, in this embodiment, when driving the lens 521 to move, there is no need to adjust the movement speed of the lens 521 through a speed-changing gear. Therefore, the volume of the device can be reduced and the manufacturing cost of the device can be reduced. In addition, compared with the conventional method of driving the lens 521 by a motor, in this embodiment, the lens 521 can be driven to move more sensitively, more efficiently and at a faster speed.

[0067] In some embodiments, a plurality of magnets 611 with S poles and N poles arranged in a staggered manner are provided on the guide post 61. There are intervals between the magnets 611. Two coils 622 with S poles and N poles arranged in a staggered manner are provided on the slider 621, so that the electric controller continuously attempts magnetic field reactions with two adjacent magnets 611 with S poles and N poles arranged in a staggered manner by alternately driving one of the coils 622.

[0068] Since a plurality of magnets 611 with S poles and N poles arranged in a staggered manner are provided on the guide post 61, and at the same time, two coils 622 with S poles and N poles arranged in a staggered manner are provided on the slider 621. When one of the coils 622 slides past one of the magnets 611, the electric controller can alternately transmit electric signals to the two coils 622, so that the two coils 622 can continuously and alternately generate magnetic field reactions with two adjacent magnets 611 with S poles and N poles arranged in a staggered manner, so as to enable the coil 622 to relay between two adjacent magnets 611, thereby realizing driving the slider 621 to move a longer stroke.

[0069] In some embodiments, positioning pieces 7 are mounted on the slider 621. Each positioning piece 7 is provided with a reflecting surface 71. Each reflecting surface 71 covers a filter layer 72. The spectra filtered by each filter layer 72 are all different from each other, so that each reflecting surface 71 refracts light of different spectra. Each reflecting surface 71 is provided with a positioning hole 73 facing the light speed rangefinder. The sizes of each positioning hole 73 are all different from each other and are arranged in ascending order. The positioning hole 73 closest to the light speed rangefinder has the largest size. The centers of all the positioning holes 73 are on the same straight line. The ranging light emitted by the light speed rangefinder covers inside and outside the positioning hole 73 with the largest size, so that all the reflecting surfaces 71 can refract light of different spectra to the light speed rangefinder, and the light speed rangefinder senses the distance of each positioning piece 7 according to the time of receiving light of different spectra.

[0070] Since the sizes of each positioning hole 73 are all different from each other and are arranged in ascending order and the centers of all the positioning holes 73 are on the same vertical line, and the positioning hole 73 closest to the light speed rangefinder has the largest size. Therefore, when the ranging light emitted by the light speed rangefinder covers inside and outside the positioning hole 73 with the largest size, the ranging light can also irradiate all the positioning pieces 7 at the same time. At this time, since the spectra filtered by each filter layer 72 are all different from each other, so that each reflecting surface 71 refracts light of different spectra. Therefore, the light speed rangefinder obtains the distance of each positioning piece 7, that is, the position of the lens 521, according to the time of receiving light of different spectra.

[0071] Since the ranging light can irradiate all the positioning pieces 7 at the same time, that is, only one light speed rangefinder needs to be set to realize the positioning of multiple groups of lenses 521, thereby reducing the volume of the device and the manufacturing cost. In addition, it is also convenient to position several lenses 521 arranged vertically.

[0072] The above-mentioned laser cutting method is applied to the above-mentioned laser cutting system, and it includes the following steps:

[0073] Step 1: The industrial control computer 1 writes the position points used by the PSO, the number of position points, the equal-spacing distance of the position points, and the arrangement order of all the position points into the motion control card 2. The position points refer to the positions on the cutting track where the laser needs to be irradiated, so that before the motion control card 2 controls the cutting motor 4 to start moving along the cutting track through the controller, it can know in advance the positions of each position point on the cutting track respectively;

[0074] Step 2: The motion control card 2 controls the cutting motor 4 to start moving along the cutting track through the controller;

[0075] Step 3: The motion control card 2 sequentially takes out one position point from the position point queue. By obtaining the motor encoder pulses, it determines the moving stroke of the cutting motor 4 driving the laser 5. According to the comparison between the moving stroke of the laser 5 and the equal-spacing distance of the taken-out position point, it judges whether the laser 5 reaches the position point. If it reaches the position, it enters Step 4;

[0076] Step 4: The motion control card 2 sets the high-speed output IO level to control the laser 5;

[0077] Step 5: Judge whether it is the last position point. If so, end. If not, take the next position point in the queue and return to Step 3 to continue the comparison.

[0078] During the cutting process, when the laser 5 is in non-uniform motion segments such as moving acceleration, deceleration, and turning, the laser is evenly distributed on the actual motion trajectory of the laser 5, thereby improving the cutting quality.

[0079] In some embodiments, in Step 3, when the motion control card 2 takes out the first position point from the position point queue, the first position point serves as the starting point of the cutting track and is used as the positioning point.

[0080] By using the first position point as the starting point of the cutting track and as the positioning point, the laser can be more evenly distributed on the actual motion trajectory of the laser 5.

[0081] Based on the above laser cutting method, uniform output of the laser on the cutting track is achieved.

[0082] As shown in Figure 5, when using the conventional laser switch mode, due to the non-uniform speed stages of starting acceleration and stopping deceleration of the cutting axis, the energy of the laser will be relatively concentratedly distributed on this part of the path. Therefore, it results in Figure 6 the shown cutting effect. As shown in Figure 7, based on the laser cutting system and the laser cutting method provided by this specific embodiment, the laser can be evenly distributed on the actual motion trajectory of the laser 5. Therefore, it can achieve Figure 8 the cutting effect shown when using the laser cutting system and the laser cutting method provided by this specific embodiment. By comparing the two, it can be seen that the actual cutting also verifies the design theory described above, achieving uniform distribution control of the laser energy, thereby greatly improving the precision and yield rate of wafer cutting.

[0083] To further illustrate the laser cutting system and the laser cutting method described in this specific embodiment, the following embodiments are now listed to introduce this laser cutting equipment. Embodiment

[0084] As Figure 1As shown, this embodiment provides a PSO-based laser cutting system, which includes:

[0085] Industrial computer 1, which is used to store the data points and isometric parameters used by PSO, and is responsible for sending data points or spacing data;

[0086] Motion control card 2, which is connected to the industrial computer 1 by signal, so that the motion control card 2 can receive the data points or spacing data sent by the industrial computer 1, and control the start and stop of the motion;

[0087] Driver 3, motion control card 2 is connected to driver 3 signal through EtherCAT bus, driver 3 signal is connected to cutting motor 4, cutting motor 4 is connected to motion control card 2 signal, so that motion control card 2 obtains the pulse value of motor encoder through the high-speed comparison port of motor;

[0088] Laser 5, cutting motor 4 is connected to laser 5 in transmission to drive laser 5 to move, laser 5 is connected to motion control card 2 signal, motion control card 2 obtains coordinate value function according to the pulse value of motor encoder and compares it with the position of laser 5, when laser 5 enters the set comparison parameter range, motion control card 2 triggers high-speed output IO to control the laser output of laser 5, so as to achieve uniform start and stop of laser 5.

[0089] The following are the working steps of the laser cutting system described in this embodiment:

[0090] Step 1, the industrial computer 1 writes the position points used by the PSO, the number of position points, the equally spaced distances of the position points, and the arrangement order of all the position points into the motion control card 2, where the position points refer to the positions on the cutting track that need to be irradiated with the laser, so that the motion control card 2 can know in advance the position of each position point on the cutting track before controlling the cutting motor 4 to start moving along the cutting track through the controller;

[0091] Step 2, the motion control card 2 controls the cutting motor 4 through the controller to start moving along the cutting track;

[0092] Step 3, the motion control card 2 sequentially takes out one position point from the position point queue, obtains the motor encoder pulse to determine the moving stroke of the laser 5 driven by the cutting motor 4, and compares the moving stroke of the laser 5 with the equally spaced distance of the taken position point to determine whether the laser 5 reaches the position point. If it reaches the position, go to step 4;

[0093] Step 4: The motion control card 2 sets the high-speed output IO level to control the laser 5;

[0094] Step 5: Determine whether it is the last position point. If it is, end. If not, take the next position point in the queue and return to step 3 to continue comparison.

[0095] Based on the above technical solution, since the motion control card 2 can obtain the coordinate value function according to the pulse value of the motor encoder, when the drive 3 controls the cutting motor 4 to drive the laser 5 to move, by comparing the coordinate value function with the data points and equidistant parameters stored for PSO (the data points refer to the position points where it is set to laser on the product, and the equidistant parameter refers to the equidistant parameter between the data points), when the cutting motor 4 drives the laser 5 into the set comparison parameter range (that is, moves to the position point), the motion control card 2 triggers the high-speed output IO to control the laser output of the laser 5; therefore, during the cutting process, when the laser 5 is in non-uniform motion segments such as accelerating, decelerating, and turning, the laser is evenly distributed on the actual motion trajectory of the laser 5, thereby improving the cutting quality. Embodiment

[0096] As Figure 1 and 2 shown, this embodiment provides a PSO-based laser cutting system, which includes a laser 5.

[0097] The laser 5 includes a laser generating unit 51 and a lens group 52. The laser generating unit 51 is used to emit laser light that passes through the lens group 52 and irradiates the cutting track. The lens group 52 is used to focus the laser. The lens group 52 includes a lens 521 driving mechanism and several lenses 521. The lens 521 driving mechanism is used to drive the lens 521 to move. The lens 521 driving mechanism includes a guide post 61, a guide rail 62, and an electric controller. A magnet 611 is provided at a certain part of the guide post 61. A slider 621 slides on the guide rail 62. The lens 521 is fixed to the slider 621. A coil 622 is installed on the slider 621. The coil 622 is sleeved outside the guide post 61 and the magnet 611 and there is a gap between the coil 622 and the guide post 61 and the magnet 611, so that the coil 622 can move outside the guide post 61 and the magnet 611. The electric controller is electrically connected to the coil 622. The electric controller is used to supply an electric signal to the coil 622, so that the coil 622 generates different magnetic fields according to different voltages, currents, amplitudes, frequencies, or phases of the electric signal and reacts with the magnet 611, thereby driving the slider 621 to drive the lens 521 to move.

[0098] When the motion control card 2 controls the laser output of the laser 5, the laser emitted by the laser generating unit 51 can be focused by the lens group 52 and concentratedly irradiated onto the product surface, so as to achieve more efficient and uniform cutting of the product. At the same time, the depth and width of the cutting track can be ensured to be more stable and uniform. The lens 521 is driven by a driving mechanism to move, so as to adjust the distance between the lenses 521, the distance between the lens 521 and the laser emitting unit, and the distance between the lens 521 and the product, so as to realize the adjustment of the laser focal length, focus and position according to products of different shapes, thicknesses and products with uneven surfaces, so as to achieve more stable and efficient cutting of the product.

[0099] When driving the lens 521 to move, an electric signal can be transmitted to the coil 622 through an electric controller. At this time, the coil 622 generates different magnetic fields according to different voltages, currents, amplitudes, frequencies or phases of the electric signal, and the magnetic field will react with the magnet 611, so as to realize driving the slider 621 to drive the lens 521 to move; Since an electric signal with different voltages, currents, amplitudes, frequencies or phases is transmitted to the coil 622 through the electric controller, the coil 622 generates different magnetic fields to react with the magnet 611, and there is no stepped connection in the transition between the intensities of the magnetic fields. Therefore, compared with the conventional driving of the lens 521 by a motor, in this embodiment, when controlling the movement of the lens 521, the movement of the lens 521 does not have a step-by-step movement, so as to improve the movement speed and accuracy of the lens 521. Therefore, compared with the conventional driving of the lens 521 by a motor, in this embodiment, when driving the lens 521 to move, it is not necessary to adjust the movement speed of the lens 521 through a speed-changing gear, so as to reduce the volume of the equipment and the preparation cost of the equipment; At the same time, compared with the conventional driving of the lens 521 by a motor, in this embodiment, the lens 521 can be driven to move more sensitively, more efficiently and at a faster speed. Embodiment

[0100] As Figure 1 and 2 shown, this embodiment provides a PSO-based laser cutting system, which includes:

[0101] An industrial control computer 1, which is used to store the data points and equidistant parameters used by PSO and is responsible for issuing data points or spacing data;

[0102] A motion control card 2, which is signal-connected to the industrial control computer 1, so that the motion control card 2 can receive the data points or spacing data issued by the industrial control computer 1 and control the start and stop of the motion;

[0103] A driver 3, the motion control card 2 is signal-connected to the driver 3 through an EtherCAT bus. The driver 3 is signal-connected to a cutting motor 4, and the cutting motor 4 is signal-connected to the motion control card 2, so that the motion control card 2 can obtain the pulse value of the motor encoder through the high-speed comparison port of the motor;

[0104] A laser 5, the cutting motor 4 is drivingly connected to the laser 5 to drive the laser 5 to move. The laser 5 is signal-connected to the motion control card 2. The motion control card 2 compares the coordinate value function obtained from the pulse value of the motor encoder with the position of the laser 5. When the laser 5 enters the set comparison parameter range, the motion control card 2 triggers the high-speed output IO to control the laser output of the laser 5, achieving uniform start and stop of the laser 5.

[0105] The laser 5 includes a laser generating unit 51 and a lens group 52. The laser generating unit 51 is used to emit laser light that passes through the lens group 52 and irradiates the cutting track. The lens group 52 is used to focus the laser. The lens group 52 includes a lens driving mechanism 6 and several lenses 521. The lens driving mechanism 6 is used to drive the lens 521 to move. The lens driving mechanism 6 is a motor-driven gear or a lead screw module, etc., which can realize the mechanism for driving the lens 521 to move.

[0106] The described laser cutting method is applied to the above laser cutting system. The laser cutting system needs to be provided with an industrial control computer 1, a motion control card 2, and a driver 3. The laser cutting system includes the following steps:

[0107] Step 1: The industrial control computer 1 writes the position points used by PSO, the number of position points, the equal-spacing distance of the position points, and the arrangement order of all position points into the motion control card 2. The position points refer to the positions on the cutting track where laser light needs to be irradiated, so that the motion control card 2 can know in advance the positions of each position point on the cutting track before starting to control the cutting motor 4 to move along the cutting track through the controller;

[0108] Step 2: The motion control card 2 controls the cutting motor 4 to start moving along the cutting track through the controller;

[0109] Step 3: When the motion control card 2 takes out the first position point from the position point queue, the first position point is used as the starting point of the cutting track and is used as the positioning point;

[0110] Step 4: The motion control card 2 sequentially takes out one position point from the position point queue. By obtaining the motor encoder pulses, it judges the moving stroke of the cutting motor 4 driving the laser 5. According to the comparison between the moving stroke of the laser 5 and the equal-spacing distance of the taken-out position point, it judges whether the laser 5 reaches the position point. If it reaches the position, it enters Step 5;

[0111] Step 5: The motion control card 2 sets the high-speed output IO level to control the laser 5;

[0112] Step 6: Determine whether it is the last position point. If it is, end. If not, take the next position point in the queue and return to step 4 to continue comparison.

[0113] In addition, when the laser generating unit 51 irradiates the product with laser, the lens 521 is driven to move by the lens driving mechanism 6 to adjust the distance between the lenses 521, the distance between the lenses 521 and the laser emitting unit, and the distance between the lenses 521 and the product, so as to achieve the ability to adjust the focal length, focus and position of the laser according to products of different shapes and thicknesses and products with uneven surfaces. Example

[0114] like Figure 1 and 2 As shown, this embodiment provides a PSO-based laser cutting system, which includes:

[0115] Industrial computer 1, which is used to store the data points and isometric parameters used by PSO, and is responsible for sending data points or spacing data;

[0116] Motion control card 2, which is connected to the industrial computer 1 by signal, so that the motion control card 2 can receive the data points or spacing data sent by the industrial computer 1, and control the start and stop of the motion;

[0117] Driver 3, motion control card 2 is connected to driver 3 signal through EtherCAT bus, driver 3 signal is connected to cutting motor 4, cutting motor 4 is connected to motion control card 2 signal, so that motion control card 2 obtains the pulse value of motor encoder through the high-speed comparison port of motor;

[0118] Laser 5, cutting motor 4 is connected to laser 5 in transmission to drive laser 5 to move, laser 5 is connected to motion control card 2 signal, motion control card 2 obtains coordinate value function according to pulse value of motor encoder and compares it with the position of laser 5, when laser 5 enters set comparison parameter range, motion control card 2 is used to trigger high-speed output IO to control laser output of laser 5, so as to achieve uniform start and stop of laser 5.

[0119] The laser 5 includes a laser generating unit 51 and a lens group 52. The laser generating unit 51 is used to emit a laser that passes through the lens group 52 and irradiates the cutting track, and the lens group 52 is used to focus the laser. The lens group 52 includes a lens driving mechanism 6 and a plurality of lenses 521. The lens driving mechanism 6 is used to drive the position of the lenses 521. The lens driving mechanism 6 includes a guide post 61, a guide rail 62 and an electronic controller. A magnet 611 is provided at a certain part of the guide post 61. A slider 621 slides on the guide rail 62. The lens 521 is fixed to the slider 621. A coil 622 is installed on the slider 621. The coil 622 is sleeved outside the guide post 61 and the magnet 611 and there is a gap between the coil 622 and the guide post 61 and the magnet 611, so that the coil 622 can move outside the guide post 61 and the magnet 611. The electronic controller is electrically connected to the coil 622. The electronic controller is used to send an electrical signal to the coil 622, so that the coil 622 generates different magnetic fields according to different voltages, currents, amplitudes, frequencies or phases of the electrical signal and reacts with the magnet 611, thereby driving the slider 621 to drive the lens 521 to move. A positioning piece 7 is installed on the slider 621. Each positioning piece 7 is provided with a reflecting surface 71. Each reflecting surface 71 covers a filter layer 72. The spectra filtered by each filter layer 72 are all different from each other, so that each reflecting surface 71 refracts light of different spectra. Each reflecting surface 71 is provided with a positioning hole 73 facing the light speed rangefinder. The sizes of each positioning hole 73 are all different from each other and are arranged in order of size. The positioning hole 73 closest to the light speed rangefinder is the largest size. The centers of all the positioning holes 73 are on the same straight line. The ranging light emitted by the light speed rangefinder covers inside and outside the largest-sized positioning hole 73, so that all the reflecting surfaces 71 can refract light of different spectra to the light speed rangefinder, and the light speed rangefinder senses the distance of each positioning piece 7 according to the time of receiving light of different spectra.

[0120] The above-mentioned laser cutting method is applied to the above-mentioned laser cutting system, and it includes the following steps:

[0121] Step 1: The industrial control computer 1 writes the position points used in PSO, the number of position points, the equal-spacing distance of the position points, and the arrangement order of all the position points into the motion control card 2. The position points refer to the positions on the cutting track where the laser needs to be irradiated, so that before the motion control card 2 controls the cutting motor 4 to start moving along the cutting track through the controller, it can know in advance the positions of each position point on the cutting track respectively;

[0122] Step 2: The motion control card 2 controls the cutting motor 4 to start moving along the cutting track through the controller;

[0123] Step 3: When the motion control card 2 takes out the first position point from the position point queue, the first position point is used as the starting point of the cutting track and the first position point is used as the positioning point;

[0124] Step 4: The motion control card 2 sequentially takes out 1 position point from the position point queue, determines the moving stroke of the cutting motor 4 driving the laser 5 by obtaining the motor encoder pulses, and determines whether the laser 5 has reached the position point by comparing the moving stroke of the laser 5 with the equal-spacing distance of the taken-out position point. If it has reached the position, proceed to Step 5;

[0125] Step 5: The motion control card 2 sets the high-speed output IO level to control the laser 5;

[0126] Step 6: Determine whether it is the last position point. If so, end; if not, take the next position point in the queue and return to Step 4 to continue the comparison.

[0127] In addition, when the laser generating unit 51 irradiates the product with laser, the lens driving mechanism 6 drives the movement of the lens 521 to adjust the distance between the lenses 521, the distance between the lens 521 and the laser emitting unit, and the distance between the lens 521 and the product, so as to be able to adjust the laser focal length, focus, and position according to products of different shapes, thicknesses, and products with uneven surfaces. When the lens driving mechanism 6 drives the lens 521 to move, an electrical signal can be sent to the coil 622 through the electric controller. At this time, the coil 622 generates different magnetic fields according to different voltages, currents, amplitudes, frequencies, or phases of the electrical signal, and this magnetic field will react with the magnet 611, thereby driving the slider 621 to drive the lens 521 to move. During, before, and after the movement of the lens 521, the ranging light emitted by the light speed rangefinder covers inside and outside the positioning hole 73 with the largest size. At this time, the ranging light can also irradiate all the positioning pieces 7. Since the spectral filters of each filter layer 72 are different from each other, each reflecting surface 71 refracts light of different spectra. Therefore, the light speed rangefinder obtains the distance of each positioning piece 7 according to the time of receiving light of different spectra, thereby positioning the lens 521.

Claims

1. A laser cutting system based on PSO, characterized by: The invention comprises a laser (5), wherein the laser (5) comprises a laser generating unit (51) and a lens group (52), wherein the laser generating unit (51) is used to emit laser light through the lens group (52) to irradiate the cutting track, wherein the lens group (52) is used to focus the laser light, wherein the lens group (52) comprises a lens driving mechanism (6) and a plurality of lenses (521), wherein the lens driving mechanism (6) is used to drive the lenses (521) to move, wherein the lens driving mechanism (6) comprises a guide column (61), a guide rail (62) and an electric controller, wherein a magnet (611) is provided at a certain position on the guide column (61), a slider (621) is slidably disposed on the guide rail (62), and the lenses (521) are fixed to the slider (621). The slider (621) is provided with a coil (622), the coil (622) is sleeved on the outer periphery of the guide post (61) and the magnet (611) and there is a gap between the coil (622) and the guide post (61) and the magnet (611), so that the coil (622) can be located on the outer periphery of the guide post (61) and the magnet (611) and move, the electric controller is connected to the coil (622) by an electric signal, and the electric controller is used to transmit an electric signal to the coil (622), so that the coil (622) generates different magnetic fields according to different voltages, currents, amplitudes, frequencies or phases of the electric signal to react with the magnet (611), thereby driving the slider (621) to drive the lens (521) to move; The guide column (61) is provided with a plurality of magnets (611) with S poles and N poles arranged in a staggered manner, and a gap is provided between the magnets (611). The slider (621) is provided with two coils (622) with S poles and N poles arranged in a staggered manner, so that the electric controller switches to transmit electric signals to the two coils (622), so that the two coils (622) can continuously and alternately generate magnetic field reactions with two adjacent magnets (611) with S poles and N poles arranged in a staggered manner, so as to achieve the effect of allowing the coils (622) to relay between two adjacent magnets (611); A positioning piece (7) is mounted on the slider (621), each positioning piece (7) is provided with a reflecting surface (71), each reflecting surface (71) covers a filter layer (72), the spectrum filtered by each filter layer (72) is different from each other, so that each reflecting surface (71) refracts light of different spectrums, each reflecting surface (71) is provided with a positioning hole (73) facing the light speed rangefinder, the size of each positioning hole (73) is different from each other and is arranged in order of size, the positioning hole (73) closest to the light speed rangefinder is the largest size, the centers of all the positioning holes (73) are on the same straight line, the ranging light emitted by the light speed rangefinder covers the inside and outside of the positioning hole (73) with the largest size, so that all the reflecting surfaces (71) can refract light of different spectrums to the light speed rangefinder, so that the light speed rangefinder senses the distance of each positioning piece (7) according to the time of receiving light of different spectrums.

2. The laser cutting system according to claim 1, characterized in that: Also includes: An industrial computer (1), the industrial computer (1) is used to store data points and equidistant parameters used by PSO, and is responsible for sending data points or spacing data; A motion control card (2), the motion control card (2) being connected to the industrial computer (1) by signal, so that the motion control card (2) can receive the data point or the spacing data sent by the industrial computer (1) to control the start and stop of the motion; The motion control card (2) is connected to the driver (3) by signal through an EtherCAT bus, the driver (3) is connected to a cutting motor (4) by signal, and the cutting motor (4) is connected to the motion control card (2) by signal, so that the motion control card (2) obtains the pulse value of the motor encoder through the high-speed comparison port of the motor; The laser (5) is connected to the cutting motor (4) by transmission. The cutting motor (4) is used to drive the laser (5) to move. The laser (5) is connected to the motion control card (2) by signal. The motion control card (2) obtains a coordinate value function according to the pulse value of the motor encoder and compares it with the position of the laser (5). When the laser (5) enters a set comparison parameter range, the motion control card (2) triggers a high-speed output IO to control the laser output of the laser (5), so as to achieve uniform start and stop of the laser (5).

3. A laser cutting method, characterized in that: The laser cutting method is applied to the laser cutting system according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the laser cutting system needs to be provided with an industrial computer (1), a motion control card (2) and a driver (3), and the laser cutting method comprises the following steps: Step 1, the industrial computer (1) writes the position points used by the PSO, the number of the position points, the equally spaced distances of the position points, and the arrangement order of all the position points into the motion control card (2), wherein the position points refer to the positions on the cutting track where the laser needs to be irradiated, so that the motion control card (2) can know in advance the position of each position point on the cutting track before controlling the cutting motor (4) through the controller to start moving along the cutting track; Step 2, the motion control card (2) controls the cutting motor (4) through the controller to start moving along the cutting track; Step 3, the motion control card (2) sequentially takes out one position point from the position point queue, obtains the motor encoder pulse to determine the movement stroke of the cutting motor (4) driving the laser (5), and compares the movement stroke of the laser (5) with the equally spaced distance of the taken position point to determine whether the laser (5) has reached the position point. If it has reached the position, proceed to step 4; Step 4: The motion control card (2) sets the high-speed output IO level to control the laser (5); Step 5: Determine whether it is the last position point. If it is, end. If not, take the next position point in the queue and return to step 3 to continue comparison.

4. The laser cutting method according to claim 3, characterized in that: In the step 3, when the motion control card (2) takes out the first position point from the position point queue, the first position point is used as the starting point of the cutting track and the first position point is used as the positioning point.

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