Icebreaker with variable angle self-adapting ice shears

Abstract

The application discloses an ice-breaking ship with a variable-angle self-adaptive ice-breaking shear, and is applied to a high-efficiency large-area sea ice-breaking technology, and mainly applied to a high-latitude port channel and a sea area around an offshore platform near the Arctic Circle for ice-breaking and ice-clearing operation, and solves the problems of the prior art, that is, on the basis of a double-hull ice-breaking ship, the construction difficulty of the ice-breaking ship is reduced on the basis of ensuring the ice-breaking width; the ice-breaking boot is added to the double-hull ice-breaking ship, a shearing force is applied to an ice layer during ice breaking, an ice-breaking shear is formed, the ice-breaking difficulty is reduced, and the breaking degree of the ice layer is improved; the height and the inclination angle of the ice-breaking boot can be adjusted according to the actual measurement result of the ice thickness in front of the ice-breaking boot, and the adaptability of the ice-breaking ship to different ice thickness environments is improved; and the technology is installed on the ice-breaking ship in an independent cabin mode, and is convenient to maintain. The application has high feasibility, high efficiency and practicality, and has a wide application prospect in the field of ice-breaking ships.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to an icebreaker equipped with variable-angle adaptive icebreaking shears, belonging to the field of icebreaker design and icebreaking technology. Background Technology

[0002] The exploration and development of oil and gas resources requires offshore platforms or drilling vessels to operate at fixed locations for extended periods. These platforms and vessels face the dangers of ice floes compressing and damaging structures, or becoming trapped by ice. To ensure the safety of these operations, icebreaking is necessary near the offshore structures. Furthermore, many high-latitude ports and waterways both domestically and internationally experience ice cover in winter, severely impacting shipping efficiency and safety. Icebreaking is required in these ports and waterways to facilitate the passage of cargo ships without ice-resistant design. Therefore, icebreakers have emerged and are widely used.

[0003] Currently, most conventional icebreakers use gravity-based icebreaking, utilizing their own weight to crush or bend the ice, thus achieving the purpose of icebreaking. When using gravity-based icebreaking, the ice in contact with the hull undergoes crushing and fracturing, forming large, bent, and broken ice floes around the hull. Existing icebreakers all employ a single icebreaking bow (see...). Figure 1a Patent CN106275296A discloses an icebreaker with a double icebreaking bow (see...). Figure 2a Both types of icebreakers employ gravity-based icebreaking. A single icebreaker breaks through the ice to create an ice channel, then propels itself forward using propulsion and gravity, creating a channel roughly the width of the ship and a large number of large ice floes. However, single icebreakers have insufficient icebreaking width and cannot break up large chunks of ice (see...). Figure 1b Catamaran icebreakers split the ice to form two ice channels. Due to the dispersed icebreaking force, catamaran icebreakers require higher weight and propulsion power compared to monohull icebreakers for the same ice thickness. Furthermore, catamaran icebreakers have a wider icebreaking width, resulting in less ice breakage (see...). Figure 2b And it increases the difficulty of breaking the ice.

[0004] Patent CN115416818A also discloses an icebreaker with a three-icebreaker bow (see...). Figure 3 This design employs a forced bending icebreaking method. By installing three bowposts at the bow, the middle bowpost lifts the ice layer upwards, while the two side bowposts press down, forcing the ice layer to bend and break, thus reducing the difficulty of icebreaking to some extent. This type of icebreaking method breaks through ice with a high degree of fragmentation. However, the complex three bowposts make construction difficult, hindering connection to the main hull, and their fixed design results in poor adaptability to ice thicknesses.

[0005] In summary, existing icebreaker designs suffer from several drawbacks. Monohull icebreakers lack sufficient icebreaking width, while catamaran icebreakers present significant icebreaking challenges. Both designs fail to achieve adequate ice fragmentation, failing to provide safety for conventional merchant ships or operational platforms. Furthermore, the ice fragments are prone to refreezing, leading to channel closures. Three-bow icebreakers are difficult to construct, structurally complex, and poorly adaptable to ice thicknesses. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop an icebreaking bed with more efficient icebreaking and clearing technology for large-area sea areas and port channels. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To address the aforementioned technical problems, this invention provides an icebreaker equipped with variable-angle adaptive icebreaking shears, which balances icebreaking width, ice surface fragmentation, ease of construction, and adaptability to ice environments of varying thicknesses.

[0007] To achieve the above-mentioned technical objectives and effects, the present invention is implemented through the following technical solution:

[0008] This invention provides an icebreaker with variable-angle adaptive icebreaking shears, comprising a catamaran hull and catamaran icebreaking blades. The catamaran icebreaking blades are provided in two pieces and are respectively disposed on both sides of the bottom wall of the catamaran icebreaker. The invention is characterized in that a longitudinal slot is opened in the bow of the catamaran icebreaker, and an independent icebreaking boot compartment is vertically and vertically installed in the slot. An icebreaking boot body is movably connected in the independent icebreaking boot compartment. The icebreaking boot body can extend out of the independent icebreaking boot compartment and form an icebreaking shear structure with the outer wall of the bow of the catamaran icebreaker between the two catamaran icebreaking blades, so as to achieve icebreaking through shearing motion.

[0009] It also includes an ice thickness measurement and feedback system, which is installed on the catamaran icebreaker hull and located on the front side of the icebreaker independent compartment. The ice thickness measurement and feedback system is used to monitor the ice thickness in order to adaptively adjust the descent height of the icebreaker independent compartment and the rotation angle of the icebreaker body.

[0010] Preferably, multiple vertical displacement guide rails are arranged on the inner wall of the cavity, and at least one linear motor is installed on each vertical displacement guide rail. The icebreaker independent compartment is fixedly connected to the sliders of the multiple linear motors and engaged with the multiple vertical displacement guide rails.

[0011] Furthermore, a watertight plate is provided on the inner wall of the cavity, and multiple vertical displacement guide rails are arranged on the watertight plate.

[0012] Preferably, the independent compartment of the icebreaker is equipped with a drive assembly for driving the icebreaker body to perform shearing motion. The drive assembly includes an icebreaker support rod, an icebreaker vertical support rod, a main control motor, a tilt adjustment auxiliary motor, a limiting slide rail, and a slider. The main control motor is located on the inner top wall of the independent compartment. One end of the icebreaker support rod is fixedly connected to the output shaft of the main control motor, and the other end of the icebreaker support rod is fixedly connected to the tilt adjustment auxiliary motor. The output shaft of the tilt adjustment auxiliary motor passes through the icebreaker support rod. One end of the icebreaker vertical support rod is rotatably connected to the output shaft of the tilt adjustment auxiliary motor. The limiting slide rail is located on the top wall of the independent compartment. The slider slides along the limiting slide rail in a direction close to or away from the main control motor. The other end of the icebreaker vertical support rod is rotatably mounted on the slider. The icebreaker support rod, the icebreaker vertical support rod, and the limiting slide rail form a triangular support structure. The icebreaker body is fixedly connected to the output shaft of the tilt adjustment auxiliary motor.

[0013] Furthermore, the dimensions of the independent icebreaker compartment, as well as the lengths of the icebreaker body, icebreaker support rod, and icebreaker vertical strut, are determined based on the draft, displacement, and target ice thickness of the catamaran icebreaker hull. The independent icebreaker compartment is modularly installed with the icebreaker body and drive components.

[0014] Furthermore, a deployment compartment is provided on the bow bottom wall of the catamaran icebreaker, and a hatch cover is provided at the opening of the deployment compartment. The ice thickness measurement and feedback system is located inside the deployment compartment. The ice thickness measurement and feedback system includes a radar ice thickness measuring instrument, a laser rangefinder, and a deployment track. The deployment track is located on the inner wall of the deployment compartment. The radar ice thickness measuring instrument is located on the side of the deployment track facing the catamaran icebreaker and is driven into or out of the deployment compartment by the deployment track. The laser rangefinder is located at the bottom of the deployment track and is electrically connected to the deployment track to deploy the radar ice thickness measuring instrument to an appropriate position.

[0015] Furthermore, the vertical adjustment displacement of the icebreaker independent compartment is at least 90% of the ice thickness, and the radar ice thickness measuring instrument is connected to the linear motor signal, so that the ice thickness is measured in real time by the radar ice thickness measuring instrument.

[0016] Preferably, the rotation angle of the icebreaker body is between 20° and 45°, and the bow angle of the catamaran icebreaker body is between 20° and 45°.

[0017] Preferably, the width of the catamaran icebreaker hull is set to B, the width B1 of the catamaran icebreaker body is B / 4, and the distance D between the bow of the catamaran icebreaker body and the center of the icebreaker boot body ranges from B / 4 to B / 3.

[0018] Furthermore, the catamaran icebreaker body and the icebreaker boot body form a cavity for the discharge of ice fragments.

[0019] This invention provides an icebreaker equipped with variable-angle adaptive icebreaking shears, which can efficiently carry out icebreaking operations in wide-area sea ice environments. It is convenient for icebreaking and ice removal operations in port channels in high-latitude regions and in the waters surrounding offshore platforms operating near the Arctic Circle, and has the following advantages:

[0020] 1. The icebreaker of the present invention, equipped with variable-angle adaptive icebreaker shears, has a wide icebreaking width and is highly maneuverable in ice-covered areas. The icebreaker shear design results in a high degree of ice breaking, which significantly slows down the refreezing time of the ice surface. There is no risk of the hull rushing onto the ice surface, and there is no need to install an ice-stopping toe.

[0021] 2. The icebreaker of the present invention, equipped with variable-angle adaptive icebreaking shears, adopts a design that measures ice thickness in real time and adjusts the inclination angle of the icebreaking appendages to adapt to different sea ice environments, enabling the icebreaker to quickly adapt to various tasks and further improve icebreaking efficiency.

[0022] 3. It is installed on the icebreaker in an independent compartment for easy maintenance.

[0023] 4. Reduce the tonnage and propulsion power requirements for icebreakers to lower costs.

[0024] 5. The icebreaker boots can be retracted in open water, which, combined with the characteristics of the catamaran, reduces sailing resistance, saves energy and is environmentally friendly, facilitates rapid deployment, and provides high stability in open water. Attached Figure Description

[0025] Figure 1a This is a structural schematic diagram of an existing monohull icebreaker;

[0026] Figure 1b A schematic diagram of how an existing monolithic icebreaker breaks through sea ice.

[0027] Figure 2a This is a structural schematic diagram of an existing catamaran icebreaker;

[0028] Figure 2b A schematic diagram of how an existing catamaran icebreaker breaks through sea ice.

[0029] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the structure of an existing three-bow icebreaker;

[0030] Figure 4 A top view of the structure at the bow of an icebreaker equipped with variable-angle adaptive icebreaking shears, provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 5 for Figure 4 A cross-sectional view along the AA direction;

[0032] Figure 6A side view of the structure at the bow of an icebreaker equipped with variable-angle adaptive icebreaking shears, provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 7 A bow view of an icebreaker with variable-angle adaptive icebreaking shears provided for an embodiment of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 8 Force diagram of sea ice for an icebreaker with variable angle adaptive icebreaking shears provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 9 An ice-breaking effect diagram of an icebreaker with variable-angle adaptive icebreaking shears provided for application of embodiments of the present invention;

[0036] In the picture:

[0037] 1-Catama icebreaker hull; 11-Empty trough; 12-Deployment compartment; 2-Catama icebreaker hull; 3-Icebreaker boot independent compartment; 31-Independent hatch cover; 4-Icebreaker boot body; 5-Vertical displacement guide rail; 6-Drive assembly; 61-Icebreaker boot support rod; 62-Icebreaker boot vertical strut; 63-Main control motor; 64-Tilt adjustment auxiliary motor; 65-Limiting slide rail; 66-Slider; 7-Ice thickness measurement and feedback system; 71-Radar ice thickness measuring instrument; 72-Laser rangefinder; 73-Deployment track; 8-Hatch cover; 9-Ice layer; 10-Anti-reverse block; 13-Watertight plate. Detailed Implementation

[0038] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0039] Reference Figures 4-6 This application provides an icebreaker with variable-angle adaptive icebreaking shears, including a catamaran hull 1 and catamaran icebreaking blades 2. The catamaran icebreaking blades 2 are provided with two blades and are respectively disposed on both sides of the bottom wall of the catamaran icebreaker hull 1. A slot 11 is longitudinally opened in the bow of the catamaran icebreaker hull 1. The slot 11 can be a slot of any shape. In this embodiment, the slot 11 is preferably a rectangular slot. An independent icebreaking boot compartment 3 is vertically and vertically installed in the slot 11. An icebreaking boot body 4 is movably connected in the independent icebreaking boot compartment 3. The icebreaking boot body 4 can extend out of the independent icebreaking boot compartment 3 and form an icebreaking shear structure with the outer wall of the bow of the catamaran icebreaker hull 1 between the two catamaran icebreaking blades 2, so as to achieve icebreaking through shearing motion.

[0040] Watertight plates 13 are arranged on the inner walls of the slot 11 to ensure the airtightness of the catamaran icebreaker hull 1. Multiple vertical displacement guide rails 5 are arranged on the inner walls of the watertight plates 13. At least one linear motor is installed on each vertical displacement guide rail 5. The icebreaker independent compartment 3 is fixedly connected to the sliders 66 of the multiple linear motors and is engaged with the multiple vertical displacement guide rails 5. In this embodiment, at least 12 vertical displacement guide rails 5 are arranged. At least 4 linear motors are arranged on the vertical displacement guide rails 5 on the left and right sides, and at least 2 linear motors are arranged on the vertical displacement guide rails 5 on the front and rear sides for vertically driving the icebreaker independent compartment 3. The icebreaker independent compartment 3 is engaged with the slide rails on the main hull slot 11 during assembly. The top plate and bottom plate are flush with the main deck and the bottom platform of the main hull, which facilitates installation and subsequent maintenance.

[0041] Reference Figures 4-6 The independent icebreaker compartment 3 is equipped with a drive assembly 6 that drives the icebreaker body 4 to perform shearing motion. The drive assembly 6 includes an icebreaker support rod 61, an icebreaker vertical support rod 62, a main control motor 63, a tilt adjustment auxiliary motor 64, a limiting slide rail 65, and a slider 66. The main control motor 63 is installed on the top inner wall of the independent icebreaker compartment 3. One end of the icebreaker support rod 61 is inserted and fixed to the output shaft of the main control motor 63. The tilt adjustment auxiliary motor 64 is fixed to the side wall of the other end of the icebreaker support rod 61 by bolts. The output shaft of the tilt adjustment auxiliary motor 64 passes through the icebreaker support rod 61. One end of the support rod 62 is rotatably connected to the output shaft of the tilt adjustment auxiliary motor 64. The limiting slide rail 65 is installed on the top wall of the independent icebreaker compartment 3. The slider 66 is slidably installed on the limiting slide rail 65 in the direction close to or away from the main control motor 63. The other end of the icebreaker vertical support rod 62 is rotatably installed on the slider 66 through a rotating shaft. The icebreaker support rod 61, the icebreaker vertical support rod 62 and the limiting slide rail 65 form a triangular support structure. The icebreaker body 4 is fixedly connected to the output shaft of the tilt adjustment auxiliary motor 64. The bottom of the independent icebreaker compartment 3 is hinged with an independent compartment cover 31, which opens when the icebreaker body 4 is released.

[0042] The specific location of the icebreaker independent compartment 3 needs to be determined according to the dimensions of the specific icebreaker. It needs to meet the following requirements: the main control motor 63 drives the icebreaker support rod 61 to rotate, and the rotation center of the tilt adjustment auxiliary motor 64 is aligned with the waterline. From the side view, about half the length of the icebreaker extends out. The dimensions of the icebreaker independent compartment 3, as well as the lengths of the icebreaker body 4, the icebreaker support rod 61, and the icebreaker vertical strut 62, are determined according to the draft, displacement, and target ice thickness of the catamaran icebreaker hull 1. The dimensions of the icebreaker independent compartment 3 can be customized according to the above parameters. The icebreaker independent compartment 3, the icebreaker body 4, and the drive assembly 6 are installed modularly.

[0043] Furthermore, the limiting slide rail 65 is preferably detachably mounted on the top upper surface of the icebreaker independent compartment 3. The icebreaker independent compartment 3 has a mounting groove for mounting the limiting slide rail 65, and multiple anti-reverse blocks 10 are placed inside the limiting guide rail to fix the limiting slide rail 65.

[0044] Reference Figures 4-6 An icebreaker equipped with variable-angle adaptive icebreaking shears also includes an ice thickness measurement and feedback system 7. The ice thickness measurement and feedback system 7 is installed on the catamaran hull 1 and located on the front side of the icebreaker independent compartment 3. The ice thickness measurement and feedback system 7 is used to monitor the thickness of the ice layer 9 so as to adaptively adjust the descent height of the icebreaker independent compartment 3 and the rotation angle of the icebreaker body 4.

[0045] A deployment compartment 12 is provided on the bow bottom wall of the catamaran icebreaker hull 1. A hatch cover 8 is provided at the opening of the deployment compartment 12. An ice thickness measurement and feedback system 7 is installed inside the deployment compartment 12. The ice thickness measurement and feedback system 7 includes a radar ice thickness measuring instrument 71, a laser rangefinder 72, and a deployment track 73. The deployment track 73 is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the deployment compartment 12. The radar ice thickness measuring instrument 71 is installed on the side of the deployment track 73 facing the catamaran icebreaker hull 1 and is driven to extend into or out of the deployment compartment 12 by the deployment track 73. The laser rangefinder 72 is installed at the bottom of the deployment track 73 and is electrically connected to the deployment track 73 to deploy the radar ice thickness measuring instrument 71 to an appropriate position. In this embodiment, the deployment track 73 can also be in the form of a track equipped with a linear motor, or it can be other mechanisms that can realize the lifting and lowering of the radar ice thickness measuring instrument 71. These are existing technologies and will not be described in detail.

[0046] The location of drop pod 12 was determined as follows:

[0047] The distance L from the center point of the drop compartment 12 to the intersection of the waterline and the bow is determined. The catamaran icebreaker 1 performs icebreaking operations at the set speed. It takes about 2 seconds from the time the ice thickness is measured by the radar ice thickness measuring instrument 71 to the completion of the downward angle adjustment of the icebreaker body 4. Therefore, the length L needs to reserve enough space to allow the icebreaker body 4 to complete the angle adjustment and to avoid possible damage to the radar ice thickness measuring instrument 71 during the icebreaking process.

[0048] Based on the characteristics of the radar ice thickness measuring instrument 71, it needs to be deployed to a certain distance from the ice surface to meet working conditions. To ensure that the radar ice thickness measuring instrument 71 is not easily damaged, a safety margin can be left on top of its normal operating distance. During icebreaking operations, the hatch cover 8 at the bottom of the deployment compartment 12 is opened, and the radar ice thickness measuring instrument 71 is deployed via the deployment track 73. The laser rangefinder 72 is used to ensure that the radar ice thickness measuring instrument 71 is deployed to the designated position.

[0049] Furthermore, based on the density characteristics of sea ice materials, 90% of the volume of ice layer 9 is submerged below the water surface. In order to ensure that the icebreaker body 4 and the icebreaker blades 2 on both sides of the catamaran icebreaker hull 1 contact the ice layer 9 as simultaneously as possible, the vertical adjustment displacement of the icebreaker independent compartment 3 is at least 90% of the thickness of the ice layer 9. The radar ice thickness measuring instrument 71 is connected to the linear motor signal. The thickness of the ice layer 9 is measured in real time by the radar ice thickness measuring instrument 71 to transmit the ice thickness signal to the linear motor, and the position of the icebreaker independent compartment 3 is adjusted in a timely manner. In this embodiment, the signal connection method between the radar ice thickness measuring instrument 71 and the linear motor is existing technology and will not be described in detail.

[0050] Furthermore, inspection manholes can be installed on the top plates of the delivery compartment 12 and the icebreaker independent compartment 3 as needed to facilitate subsequent maintenance operations.

[0051] Reference Figures 4-9 When the catamaran icebreaker hull 1 moves forward, the icebreaker boot body 4 below the waterline and the catamaran icebreaker blade 2 simultaneously come into contact with the ice layer 9. The icebreaker boot body 4 applies a vertically upward force to the ice layer 9, while the bow of the catamaran icebreaker blade 2 applies a vertically downward force, forming an icebreaking shear structure to shear and break the ice layer 9. According to relevant specifications and referring to the bow inclination angle of conventional icebreakers, the downward inclination angle α of the icebreaker boot body 4 is selected to be in the range of 20° to 45°. Based on the needs of icebreaking missions, the icebreaking capability of icebreakers using this technology is positioned at low ice class (PC7 and below) and the current year's ice conditions. This invention can adjust the downward inclination angle α of the icebreaker boot body 4 based on the real-time ice thickness measured by the radar ice thickness measuring instrument 71 to improve the adaptability of the icebreaker shear to different ice thickness environments. As the ice thickness increases, the downward inclination angle α decreases to increase the vertical load applied by the icebreaker boot, making the ice layer 9 easier to break. The specific icebreaker boot tilt angle α corresponding to the ice thickness 9 needs to be determined through ice pool tests or ship-ice collision numerical simulations. By weighting the vertical forces on the boot structure and the ice resistance experienced by the icebreaker, the tilt angle α corresponding to different ice thicknesses can be determined.

[0052] According to relevant specifications and referring to the bow inclination angle of conventional icebreakers, the bow inclination angle θ of the icebreaking hull of a catamaran needs to conform to the design characteristics of conventional icebreakers. The range of the bow inclination angle θ is 20° to 45°, and it is specifically selected according to the sea ice conditions of the target operation. The selection of the bow inclination angle θ needs to be determined through ice pool tests or ship-ice collision numerical simulations. By weighting the vertical forces on the boot structure and the ice resistance experienced by the icebreaker, the bow inclination angle θ corresponding to different ice thicknesses is determined. Among them, ice pool tests or ship-ice collision numerical simulations are existing technologies and will not be elaborated on further.

[0053] Reference Figures 7-9During icebreaking operations, a cavity needs to be formed between the two catamaran icebreaker blades 2 and the icebreaker body 4 of the catamaran icebreaker hull 1 to facilitate the discharge of broken ice fragments, thereby reducing ice resistance. Therefore, the two catamaran icebreaker blades 2 should be made as narrow as possible to maximize the cavity width and reduce ice fragment accumulation. Considering that the bow of the catamaran icebreaker hull 1 must bear a large ice load, the catamaran icebreaker blades 2 need sufficient space for structural arrangement. Furthermore, if the distance between the catamaran icebreaker blades 2 and the icebreaker body 4 is too great, the icebreaking shearing effect will be weakened, reducing the degree of ice breakage. Since the icebreaking width is basically determined by the distance between the bow posts of the catamaran icebreaker blades 2, to increase the icebreaking width, it is necessary to reduce the bow camber and maximize the ratio of the distance D between the bow post of the catamaran icebreaker blade 2 and the center of the icebreaker body 4 to the beam B of the catamaran icebreaker hull 1. In summary, the spacing D is determined to be in the range of B / 4 to B / 3, and the width B1 of the icebreaker hull 2 ​​of the catamaran is taken to be approximately B / 4.

[0054] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention in any form or substance. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various improvements and additions without departing from the present invention, and these improvements and additions should also be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention. Any modifications, alterations, and equivalent changes made by those skilled in the art based on the above-disclosed technical content without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention are equivalent embodiments of the present invention. Furthermore, any modifications, alterations, and evolutions made to the above embodiments based on the essential technology of the present invention still fall within the scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims

1. An icebreaker equipped with a variable-angle adaptive icebreaking shear, comprising a catamaran hull (1) and a catamaran icebreaking blade (2), wherein the catamaran icebreaking blade (2) comprises two blades disposed on both sides of the bottom wall of the catamaran hull (1), characterized in that, The bow of the catamaran icebreaker hull (1) has a longitudinally opened slot (11), and an independent icebreaker compartment (3) is vertically and vertically installed in the slot (11). An icebreaker body (4) is movably connected in the independent icebreaker compartment (3). The icebreaker body (4) can extend out of the independent icebreaker compartment (3) and form an icebreaking shear structure with the outer wall of the bow of the catamaran icebreaker hull (1) between the two catamaran icebreaker plates (2) to achieve icebreaking through shearing motion. It also includes an ice thickness measurement and feedback system (7), which is installed on the catamaran icebreaker hull (1) and located in front of the icebreaker independent compartment (3). The ice thickness measurement and feedback system (7) is used to monitor the thickness of the ice layer (9) so as to adaptively adjust the descent height of the icebreaker independent compartment (3) and the rotation angle of the icebreaker body (4). Multiple vertical displacement guide rails (5) are arranged on the inner wall of the circumference of the empty groove (11). At least one linear motor is provided on the vertical displacement guide rail (5). The icebreaker independent compartment (3) is fixedly connected to the sliders (66) of the multiple linear motors and is engaged with the multiple vertical displacement guide rails (5). The independent icebreaker compartment (3) is equipped with a drive assembly (6) for driving the icebreaker body (4) to perform shearing motion. The drive assembly (6) includes an icebreaker support rod (61), an icebreaker vertical support rod (62), a main control motor (63), an angle adjustment auxiliary motor (64), a limiting slide rail (65), and a slider (66). The main control motor (63) is located on the inner wall of the top of the independent icebreaker compartment (3). One end of the icebreaker support rod (61) is fixedly connected to the output shaft of the main control motor (63), and the other end of the icebreaker support rod (61) is fixedly connected to the angle adjustment auxiliary motor (64). 64) The output shaft is fitted with an icebreaker support rod (61), and one end of the icebreaker vertical support rod (62) is rotatably connected to the output shaft of the tilt adjustment auxiliary motor (64). The limiting slide rail (65) is set on the top wall of the icebreaker independent compartment (3). The slider (66) is slidably set on the limiting slide rail (65) in the direction close to or away from the main control motor (63). The other end of the icebreaker vertical support rod (62) is rotatably set on the slider (66). The icebreaker support rod (61), the icebreaker vertical support rod (62) and the limiting slide rail (65) form a triangular support structure. The icebreaker body (4) is fixedly connected to the output shaft of the tilt adjustment auxiliary motor (64). The catamaran icebreaker hull (1) has a drop compartment (12) on its bow bottom wall. The drop compartment (12) has a hatch cover (8) at its opening. The ice thickness measurement and feedback system (7) is located inside the drop compartment (12). The ice thickness measurement and feedback system (7) includes a radar ice thickness measuring instrument (71), a laser rangefinder (72), and a drop track (73). The drop track (73) is located on the inner wall of the drop compartment (12). The radar ice thickness measuring instrument (71) is located on the side of the drop track (73) facing the catamaran icebreaker hull (1) and is driven to extend into or out of the drop compartment (12) by the drop track (73). The laser rangefinder (72) is located at the bottom of the drop track (73) and is electrically connected to the drop track (73) to drop the radar ice thickness measuring instrument (71) to an appropriate position.

2. An icebreaker with variable-angle adaptive icebreaking shears as described in claim 1, characterized in that, A watertight plate (13) is arranged on the inner wall of the circumference of the empty groove (11), and a plurality of vertical displacement guide rails (5) are arranged on the watertight plate (13).

3. An icebreaker with variable-angle adaptive icebreaking shears as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The dimensions of the independent icebreaker compartment (3), as well as the lengths of the icebreaker body (4), icebreaker support rod (61), and icebreaker vertical strut (62), are determined according to the draft, displacement, and target ice thickness of the catamaran icebreaker hull (1). The independent icebreaker compartment (3), icebreaker body (4), and drive assembly (6) are modularly installed.

4. An icebreaker with variable-angle adaptive icebreaking shears as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The vertical adjustment displacement of the independent ice-breaking boot compartment (3) is at least 90% of the thickness of the ice layer (9). The radar ice thickness measuring instrument (71) is connected to the linear motor signal, and the thickness of the ice layer (9) is measured in real time by the radar ice thickness measuring instrument (71).

5. An icebreaker with variable-angle adaptive icebreaking shears as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The rotation angle of the icebreaker body (4) is between 20° and 45°, and the bow angle of the catamaran icebreaker body (2) is between 20° and 45°.

6. An icebreaker with variable-angle adaptive icebreaking shears as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The width of the catamaran icebreaker hull (1) is set as B, the width B1 of the catamaran icebreaker plate (2) is B / 4, and the distance D between the bow of the catamaran icebreaker plate (2) and the center of the icebreaker boot body (4) ranges from B / 4 to B / 3.

7. An icebreaker with variable-angle adaptive icebreaking shears as described in claim 6, characterized in that, The catamaran icebreaker body (2) and the icebreaker boot body (4) form a cavity for the discharge of ice fragments.

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