Fishway outlet structure and method suitable for large amplitude of reservoir water level

Abstract

The application discloses a fishway outlet structure and method suitable for large-amplitude water level of a reservoir area, and the structure comprises a floating opening and closing channel assembly, a fishway, a fishway outlet connection structure, a fishway outlet cavity structure and an outlet gate opening and closing area, the fishway is provided with a fishway outlet, the fishway is connected with the floating opening and closing channel assembly through the fishway outlet, the fishway outlet connection structure is arranged on the floating opening and closing channel assembly, the fishway outlet cavity structure is connected with the fishway through the outlet gate opening and closing area, and the outlet gate opening and closing area is arranged on the fishway and located on the side of the fishway outlet. The application is used for solving the opening and closing of the fishway outlet gates at multiple different elevations, and the floating opening and closing channel which is connected with the fishway outlet is arranged at the fishway outlet. According to the fluctuation of the water level, the floating opening and closing channel floats to the fishway outlet at different elevations, and then the fishway outlet gate is opened, so that the water is guided into the fishway under different water level amplitudes.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application belongs to the technical field of ecological protection of water conservancy and hydropower, and particularly relates to a fishway outlet structure and method suitable for large-amplitude water level changes in a reservoir area. BACKGROUND

[0002] The construction of water conservancy facilities such as dams and weirs hinders the migration of fish, which is not conducive to the survival and reproduction of fish and genetic exchange. This problem is particularly serious in areas inhabited by rare and endemic fish, such as the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, where most schizothoracine fish have been proven to be endemic. Building artificial alternative migration routes, such as fishways, can be a potential solution to balancing the interests between fish protection and water resources development. Many efforts described in previous fishway studies have focused on optimizing the structural design of fishways to improve fish passage. However, for areas with large changes in water level amplitude at the fishway outlet of the reservoir area, the requirement for the joint cooperation of the outlet gates is higher. According to the "Guidelines for Fishway Design of Water Conservancy and Hydropower Engineering (SL 609-2013)", when the upstream water level amplitude is large during the main fish migration season, multiple fishway outlets at different positions and elevations should be set. The "Fish passes-Design, dimensions and monitoring" published by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations stipulates that fishway outlets should be designed as vertical slit type, and if the water level amplitude exceeds 1m, an additional outlet should be provided.

[0003] High dam hydropower projects in high-altitude areas of Southwest China are located in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River, with abundant water resources in the main stream and tributaries. Combined with the daily regulation operation characteristics of multiple high dams (daily regulation, the reservoir capacity is between the highest reservoir water level and the lowest reservoir water level, and can accommodate the water inflow into the reservoir within a day), the amplitude of the reservoir water level changes is large, with a range of more than 10m, and a small range of about 3-5m. According to the above specification requirements, when the reservoir water level amplitude is 10m, the fishway outlet gate will be set to 10 places, which undoubtedly causes great difficulty in the operation of the "fishway outlet gate group" after the fishway is built. In order to adapt to the water level amplitude of the reservoir area, the current fishway outlet is often set at different fluctuating water level elevations, which brings great difficulty to the outlet layout of high dam projects in the complex terrain of Southwest China. In addition, the opening of multiple outlet gates also uses one electric hoist gate switch for each to realize the vertical lifting of the outlet gate, which causes the operation of the fishway outlet gate to be complicated, the cost of the hoist system to be high, and the cost to be large. In addition, due to the rapid change of the reservoir water level, the outlet gate cannot be opened in time, which also causes the fishway to be cut off or the water flow to be unstable, affecting the fish passage effect.

[0004] There are numerous examples of fishway outlet gate designs adapted to varying reservoir water levels. Patent document CN111893961 A describes placing fishway outlets on the same vertical plane using a stacked beam gate design. A single hoist controls the raising and lowering of the gates at different water depths, allowing water from the reservoir to flow into fishways at varying outlet elevations. However, this patent cannot adapt to various fishway outlet arrangements; it only applies to layouts where fishway outlets are on the same vertical plane. For high-dam fishway projects in the complex terrain of Southwest China, fishway outlets are often located on the left or right bank of the reservoir, and are often arranged in a straight line (facing the same direction upstream). Therefore, this patent has certain limitations. Consequently, there is a need to find a structure and method for automatically opening and closing fishway outlet gates that adapts to varying reservoir water levels and complex terrain conditions. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the aforementioned technical problems, this invention provides a fishway outlet structure and method suitable for large fluctuations in reservoir water levels, which can solve the technical problem of automatic opening and closing of fishway outlet gates under complex reservoir bank topography conditions.

[0006] The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions.

[0007] This invention provides a fishway outlet structure suitable for large fluctuations in reservoir water level, comprising a floating opening and closing channel assembly, a fishway, a fishway outlet connecting structure, a fishway outlet cavity structure, and an outlet gate opening and closing area. The fishway is provided with a fishway outlet, which is connected to the floating opening and closing channel assembly. The fishway outlet connecting structure is disposed on the floating opening and closing channel assembly. The fishway outlet cavity structure is connected to the fishway through the outlet gate opening and closing area, which is disposed on the side of the fishway near the fishway outlet. The fishway outlet includes fishway outlet A, fishway outlet B, and fishway outlet C.

[0008] Preferably, the floating opening and closing channel assembly is a floating opening and closing channel or a water-filled floating channel, and the floating opening and closing channel includes a solar photovoltaic panel, a floating box, a channel bottom plate, channel sidewalls, and a motor box.

[0009] The solar photovoltaic panel is mounted on the motor box, the floating box is mounted on the side of the channel wall, the two sides of the channel bottom plate are connected to the channel wall respectively, the fishway outlet connection structure is connected to the channel bottom plate, and the motor box is mounted on the top surface of the channel wall.

[0010] Preferably, the solar photovoltaic panel is connected to the motor housing via a photovoltaic panel bracket, and the solar photovoltaic panel is electrically connected to a storage battery, which is mounted on the motor housing.

[0011] The motor box top is provided with a lifting ring, a motor is arranged in the motor box, a telescopic rod assembly is arranged on the channel side wall, the telescopic rod assembly comprises a vertical shaft, a horizontal telescopic shaft and a cone pulley, the motor output shaft is connected to one end of the vertical shaft, the other end of the vertical shaft is provided with a cone pulley, one end of the horizontal telescopic shaft is provided with a cone pulley, and the horizontal telescopic shaft is engaged with the cone pulley on the vertical shaft through the cone pulley.

[0012] Preferably, the water-filled floating channel comprises a water pump, a water pipe and a water storage tank, the water pump is arranged on the motor box, the water outlet of the water pump is connected with the water storage tank through the water pipe, the water inlet of the water pump is connected with the water pipe, and the water storage tank is connected with the channel bottom plate.

[0013] Preferably, a fishway outlet door is arranged on the fishway, the fishway outlet door is hinged to the side wall of the fishway through a door shaft, a side wall fixing hole is arranged on the side wall of the fishway, and the fishway outlet is arranged at the fishway outlet door.

[0014] Preferably, the fishway outlet connection structure comprises a pulley structure, a slide rail insert and a slide block collision body, the pulley structure is arranged on a pulley support structure,

[0015] A pulley stabilizing hydraulic rod is arranged on the pulley support structure, and the pulley support structure and the pulley stabilizing hydraulic rod are connected with the slide rail insert,

[0016] The slide rail insert is connected with the floating opening and closing channel assembly, and the side of the slide rail insert away from the floating opening and closing channel assembly is connected with the slide block collision body.

[0017] Preferably, the fishway outlet cavity structure comprises a bottom chute, a fixed pulley and a tail pulley, the bottom chute is connected with an outlet gate opening and closing area through a bottom chute bracket,

[0018] The bottom of the fixed pulley is connected with a fixed pulley lower guide cable, the middle of the fixed pulley is connected with a fixed pulley upper guide cable through a fixed pulley shaft, and the top of the fixed pulley is connected with an insert slide guide cable,

[0019] The insert slide guide cable is a closed loop structure, the insert slide guide cable is connected with the tail pulley and the pulley structure of the fishway outlet connection structure, the bottom and the top of the pulley structure are respectively connected with the insert slide guide cable, the pulley structure moves along the extension direction of the insert slide guide cable, and the two ends of the fixed pulley lower guide cable and the fixed pulley upper guide cable are respectively connected with the bottom chute.

[0020] The tail pulley is connected with the bottom chute through a tail pulley support rod.

[0021] Preferably, the outlet gate opening and closing area comprises a sliding body working area, a sliding body and a sliding body chain, the sliding body working area is connected with the fishway, the sliding body working area is provided with a sliding channel structure and a connecting chute, the sliding body working area is slidably connected with the fishway outlet connection structure through the connecting chute, the sliding body is arranged in the sliding channel structure, and one end of the sliding body chain is connected with the sliding body, and the other end of the sliding body chain is connected with the fishway.

[0022] Preferably, the sliding channel structure is a sliding body track or a ring-shaped sliding channel, the sliding body track is linearly arranged, a sliding body side wall notch is arranged on one side of the sliding body track,

[0023] The ring-shaped sliding channel comprises a lower sliding channel and an upper sliding channel, the two ends of the lower sliding channel are respectively communicated with the two ends of the upper sliding channel to form the ring-shaped sliding channel, and a return sliding channel is arranged in the middle of the ring-shaped sliding channel,

[0024] Boundary hydraulic rods are arranged at the two ends of the lower sliding channel,

[0025] One end of the return sliding channel is communicated with the lower sliding channel, the other end of the return sliding channel is communicated with the upper sliding channel, two sliding body blocks are symmetrically arranged on the inner wall of the return sliding channel, and the sliding body blocks are rotatably connected with the inner wall of the return sliding channel.

[0026] A use method of a fishway outlet structure suitable for large-amplitude water level change of a reservoir area, comprising the following steps:

[0027] Before use: before the fish passing season, the floating opening and closing channel assembly is hoisted to the front of the fishway outlet through the hoisting machine equipment connected with the lifting ring, and the floating opening and closing channel assembly is connected with the fishway to form an integral whole through the fishway outlet;

[0028] During use: according to the water level of the reservoir area, the floating opening and closing channel assembly is connected with the fishway outlet A, the fishway outlet B or the fishway outlet C according to the water level fluctuation characteristics. When the floating opening and closing channel assembly floats to the specified fishway outlet relying on the water level, the fishway outlet door connected with the fishway outlet is driven to open and close under the action of the fishway outlet connection structure and the fishway outlet cavity structure, so that the water in the reservoir area flows into the fishway from the fishway outlet, the water in the fishway is completed, and the fish swims out of the fishway to the reservoir to complete the life history. During use, the floating opening and closing channel assembly can be automatically moved to the fishway outlet at different water level elevations according to the water level change.

[0029] End of use:

[0030] After the fish passing season ends, the floating opening and closing channel assembly is hoisted to leave the water surface, and the fishway outlet door is in a closed state.

[0031] The beneficial effects of the present application are:

[0032] The application is to solve the opening and closing of the fishway outlet gate at different elevations. The floating opening and closing channel is arranged at the fishway outlet, and according to the fluctuation of water level, it floats to the fishway outlet at different elevations, and then opens the fishway outlet gate, completes the water flow to the fishway under different water level amplitude, and ensures the smoothness of the water flow in the fishway. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0033] Figure 1 is the three-dimensional schematic diagram of the overall arrangement of the application;

[0034] Figure 2 is the schematic diagram of the overall arrangement of the application;

[0035] Figure 3 is the structural schematic diagram of the floating opening and closing channel of the application;

[0036] Figure 4 is the structural schematic diagram of the floating opening and closing channel of the application;

[0037] Figure 5 is the structural schematic diagram of the fishway outlet cavity of the application;

[0038] Figure 6 is the structural schematic diagram of the floating opening and closing channel and the fishway of the application;

[0039] Figure 7 is the structural schematic diagram of the fishway outlet connection structure of the application;

[0040] Figure 8 is the structural schematic diagram of the fishway outlet connection structure of the application;

[0041] Figure 9 is the detail drawing of the guide cable at high water level, medium water level and low water level elevations;

[0042] Figure 10 is the structural schematic diagram of the fishway outlet cavity structure of the application;

[0043] Figure 11 is the tail structure schematic diagram of the fishway outlet cavity structure of the application;

[0044] Figure 12 is the guide cable structure schematic diagram of the fishway outlet cavity structure of the application;

[0045] Figure 13 is the schematic diagram of the sliding body chain and its connection with the fishway outlet door of the application;

[0046] Figure 14 is the schematic diagram of the sliding body movement structure when the high water level transits to the low water level of the application;

[0047] Figure 15is the sliding body moving structure diagram when the water level is over the high water level and the low water level in the application;

[0048] Figure 16 is the fishway outlet door opening and closing diagram in the application;

[0049] Figure 17 is the water-filled floating channel structure diagram in the application;

[0050] In the figure: 1-floating opening and closing channel; 101-solar photovoltaic panel; 1011-photovoltaic panel support; 1012-battery; 1013-photovoltaic panel support column; 102-floating box; 103-channel bottom plate; 104-channel side wall; 105-hanging ring; 106- telescopic rod assembly; 1061-vertical shaft, 1062-horizontal telescopic shaft; 1063-cone wheel; 1064-return slide; 107-motor box, 1071-motor;

[0051] 2-fishway outlet; 201-fishway outlet A; 202-fishway outlet B; 203-fishway outlet C;

[0052] 3-fishway; 301-fishway outlet door; 3011-door shaft; 302-side wall fixing hole;

[0053] 4-fishway outlet connection structure; 401-pulley structure; 4011-pulley support structure; 4012-pulley stabilizing hydraulic rod; 402-rail inlay; 403-sliding body block collision body;

[0054] 5-fishway outlet cavity structure; 501-bottom chute; 502-bottom chute bracket; 503-inlay sliding guide rope; 504-fixed pulley; 5041-fixed pulley lower guide rope; 5042-fixed pulley upper guide rope; 5043-fixed pulley shaft; 505-tail pulley; 5051-tail pulley support rod;

[0055] 6-outlet gate opening and closing area; 601-sliding body working area; 602-sliding body; 6021-sliding body block; 603-sliding body track; 604-sliding body side wall notch; 605-sliding body chain; 6051-sliding body chain pulley; 606-ring slide; 6061-boundary hydraulic rod; 6062-lower slide; 6063-upper slide; 6064-return slide; 607-connection chute;

[0056] 7-water-filled floating channel; 701-water pump, 702-water pipe; 703-water storage tank. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0057] The technical solutions of the application are further described below, but the scope of protection is not limited to the description.

[0058] Embodiment:

[0059] As Figures 1 to 16 shown, a fishway outlet structure suitable for large amplitude of reservoir water level, comprising a floating opening and closing channel 1, a fishway 3, a fishway outlet connection structure 4, a fishway outlet cavity structure 5 and an outlet gate opening and closing area 6, the fishway 3 is provided with a fishway outlet 2, the fishway 3 is connected with the floating opening and closing channel 1 through the fishway outlet 2, the fishway outlet connection structure 4 is arranged on the floating opening and closing channel 1, the fishway outlet connection structure 4 is located at the connection of the floating opening and closing channel 1 and the fishway outlet door 301, the fishway outlet cavity structure 5 is connected with the fishway 3 through the outlet gate opening and closing area 6, and the fishway outlet cavity structure 5 is also connected with the bottom of the fishway outlet door 2, the outlet gate opening and closing area 6 is arranged on the fishway 3 on the side close to the fishway outlet 2, and the fishway outlet 2 comprises a fishway outlet A 201, a fishway outlet B 202 and a fishway outlet C 203.

[0060] The floating opening and closing channel 1 can be put into the vicinity of the fishway outlet by external force, the fishway outlet 2 is designed to be arranged on the bank of the reservoir area (left bank or right bank), and according to the water level fluctuation and the suitability of the fishway outlet 2 to the water level amplitude, a plurality of fishway outlets at different elevations are arranged, which are high-elevation fishway outlet A 201, medium-elevation fishway outlet B 202 (the fishway outlet B 202 can be set to 0, 1 or more according to the actual situation) and low-elevation fishway outlet C 203.

[0061] According to the water level amplitude, if there are multiple fishway outlets B 202, they can be divided into multiple fishway outlets B 202 at high water level, medium water level and low water level according to the rising and falling of the water level elevation.

[0062] The floating opening and closing channel 1 is a floating opening and closing channel 1 or a water-filled floating channel 7, the floating opening and closing channel 1 comprises a solar photovoltaic panel 101, a floating box 102, a channel bottom plate 103, a channel side wall 104 and a motor box 107,

[0063] In order to ensure that the floating opening and closing channel 1 moves to the required fishway outlet 2 at different elevations as the water level changes, a floating box 102 is installed on each side of the channel side wall 104 of the floating opening and closing channel 1, the floating box 102 is in an inflated state, which ensures that when it floats to the water level elevation of the fishway outlet 2, the channel bottom plate 103 closely connects with the bottom plate of the fishway outlet 2, and the water level in the floating opening and closing channel 1 and the water depth inside the fishway 3 are the same, so that the floating opening and closing channel 1 is not completely submerged due to its excessive weight.

[0064] The solar photovoltaic panel 101 is arranged on the motor box 107, the floating box 102 is arranged on the side of the channel side wall 104, the channel bottom plate 103 is connected with the channel side wall 104 on both sides, the fishway outlet connection structure 4 is connected with the channel bottom plate 103, and the motor box 107 is arranged on the top surface of the channel side wall 104.

[0065] The library bank water level amplitude greater area is concentrated in the southwest mountain area, due to the southwest mountain area ultraviolet intensity is high, sunshine time is long, in order to meet the floating opening and closing channel 1 electricity, install solar photovoltaic panel 101 at its top position to provide power. Solar photovoltaic panel 101 is connected with motor box 107 through photovoltaic panel support 1011, the solar photovoltaic panel 101 is electrically connected with the battery 1012 for storing electric energy, the technology is mature, this place is not detailed, the battery 1012 is arranged on the motor box 107.

[0066] The motor box 107 top is provided with a lifting ring 105, the motor box 107 is provided with a motor 1071, the motor 1071 is electrically connected with the battery 1012, for the power required in the rotation process of the telescopic rod assembly 106 connected with the motor 1071, the control mode and circuit connection structure of the motor 1071 are relatively mature, which will not be described in detail here; The telescopic rod assembly 106 is arranged on the channel side wall 104, the telescopic rod assembly 106 includes a vertical shaft 1061, a horizontal telescopic shaft 1062 and a bevel gear 1063, one end of the vertical shaft 1061 is connected with the output shaft of the motor 1071, the other end of the vertical shaft 1061 is provided with a bevel gear 1063, one end of the horizontal telescopic shaft 1062 is provided with a bevel gear 1063, the horizontal telescopic shaft 1062 is engaged with the bevel gear 1063 on the vertical shaft 1061 through the bevel gear 1063, the horizontal telescopic shaft 1062 includes a screw rod and a screw sleeve, wherein one end of the screw rod is connected with the bevel gear 1063, the other end of the screw rod is threadedly connected with the screw sleeve, the screw sleeve can only slide on the channel side wall 104 and cannot rotate, and the length of the horizontal telescopic shaft 1062 can be changed when the screw rod rotates.

[0067] The motor 1071 drives the vertical shaft 1061 to rotate, and relies on the bevel gear 1063 to drive the horizontal telescopic shaft 1062 to rotate, so as to realize the elongation of the horizontal telescopic shaft 1062 into the fishway side wall fixed hole 302, thereby completing the close connection of the floating opening and closing channel 1 and the fishway 3, if the motor 1071 rotates counterclockwise, the horizontal telescopic shaft 1062 is in the elongated state; When the water level rises and falls, it is necessary to move the floating opening and closing channel 1 to the appropriate water level fishway outlet door 301, at this time the motor 1071 rotates clockwise, and then the floating side wall horizontal telescopic shaft 1062 is retracted, so that the floating opening and closing channel 1 is separated from the fishway 3.

[0068] The fishway 3 is provided with a fishway outlet door 301, the fishway outlet door 301 is hinged to the side wall of the fishway 3 through a door shaft 3011, the side wall of the fishway 3 is provided with a side wall fixed hole 302 for embedding the floating side wall horizontal shaft 1062, and the fishway outlet 2 is arranged at the fishway outlet door 301.

[0069] The fishway outlet door 301 is arranged to rotate around the door shaft 3011, and the opening direction is arranged to open towards the inside of the fishway 3. A side wall fixing hole 302 is arranged on the side wall of the fishway, for embedding the horizontal telescopic shaft 1062.

[0070] The fishway outlet connection structure 4 comprises a pulley structure 401, a sliding rail insert 402 and a sliding body block collision body 403. The pulley structure 401 is arranged on a pulley support structure 4011.

[0071] The pulley support structure 4011 and the pulley stabilizing hydraulic rod 4012 are respectively connected with the sliding rail insert 402.

[0072] The sliding rail insert 402 is connected with the channel bottom plate 103 of the floating opening and closing channel 1, and the sliding rail insert 402 and the sliding body block collision body 403 are an integral whole.

[0073] The pulley structure 401 is arranged at the bottom of the fishway outlet connection structure 4, so that when it floats with the water level, the pulley structure 401 can slide to the guide cable 503 with high efficiency, so that the floating route of the floating opening and closing channel 1 and the fishway outlet cavity structure 5 is not deviated when they are embedded as a whole. In order to ensure the stability of the pulley structure 401, the pulley support structure 4011 and the pulley stabilizing hydraulic rod 4012 are arranged to ensure that the pulley structure 401 can smoothly slide into the bottom sliding groove 501 during the water level rise or drop, and the pulley stabilizing hydraulic rod 4012 plays a role of shock absorption to avoid shaking of the floating opening and closing channel 1.

[0074] The size of the sliding rail insert 402 is the same as that of the connecting sliding groove 607, so as to ensure the close combination during embedding. The sliding rail insert 402 and the floating opening and closing channel 1 are an integral whole, and the floating force of the water level rise drives the sliding rail insert 402 to enter the connecting sliding groove 607. After completely entering, the motor 1071 drives the extension of the horizontal telescopic shaft 1062 through the floating vertical shaft 1061, and then the horizontal telescopic shaft 1062 is inserted into the side wall fixing hole 302 to fix, so as to form the structure that the floating opening and closing channel 1 and the fishway 3 are an integral whole, and then the water flow in the reservoir area smoothly enters the inside of the fishway 3 to meet the water flow for fish passing.

[0075] During the sliding process of the sliding rail insert 402, the pulley structure 401 at the bottom of the sliding rail insert 402 slides along the insert to the guide cable 503, and can be respectively slid to the fishway outlet A201, the fishway outlet B202 and the fishway outlet C203.

[0076] The fishway outlet cavity structure 5 comprises a bottom chute 501, a fixed pulley 504 and a tail pulley 505, the bottom chute 501 is connected with the outlet gate opening and closing area 6 through a bottom chute bracket 502, and the pulley structure 401 can be placed in the bottom chute 501.

[0077] The bottom of the fixed pulley 504 is connected with a fixed pulley lower guide rope 5041, the middle part of the fixed pulley 504 is connected with a fixed pulley upper guide rope 5042 through a fixed pulley shaft 5043, and the top of the fixed pulley 504 is connected with an inlay sliding guide rope 503.

[0078] The inlay sliding guide rope 503 is a closed loop structure, the inlay sliding guide rope 503 is connected with the pulley structure 401 of the fishway outlet link structure 4 and the tail pulley 505, the bottom and the top of the pulley structure 401 are respectively connected with the inlay sliding guide rope 503, the pulley structure 401 moves along the extension direction of the inlay sliding guide rope 503, and the two ends of the fixed pulley lower guide rope 5041 and the fixed pulley upper guide rope 5042 are respectively connected with the bottom chute 501.

[0079] The tail pulley 505 is symmetrically arranged on one side of each fixed pulley 504, and the tail pulley 505 is connected with the bottom chute 501 through a tail pulley support rod 5051.

[0080] At the fishway outlet 2 at different elevations, the fishway outlet cavity structure 5 at different elevations is arranged.

[0081] In order to increase the mobility of the pulley structure 401 during floating, the pulley of the pulley structure 401 is arranged in a concave shape in the middle part, so that the inlay sliding guide rope 503 is embedded. Meanwhile, the fixed pulley 504 is arranged directly below the pulley structure 401, and the fixation of the fixed pulley 504 is mainly completed through the fixed pulley lower guide rope 5041 and the fixed pulley upper guide rope 5042, the fixed pulley lower guide rope 5041 and the fixed pulley upper guide rope 5042 are arranged in the same way as the inlay sliding guide rope 503, and are also arranged between the fishway outlet cavity structures 5 of adjacent fishway outlets 2.

[0082] The connection between the fixed pulley 504 and the fixed pulley upper guide rope 5042 is realized through the fixed pulley shaft 5043. When the pulley structure 401 passes through the fixed pulley 504, the fixed pulley 504 may be driven, so that the fixed pulley 504 mainly rotates around the fixed pulley shaft 5043 when rotating, to avoid being driven.

[0083] The tail pulley 505 is arranged on the fishway outlet cavity structure 5 near the fishway outlet A201 (the highest water level) and the fishway outlet C203 (the lowest water level), which is used to reduce the friction of the inlay sliding guide cable 503, and reserve the necessary height for the pulley structure 401, so as to avoid the inlay sliding guide cable 503 being too loose, and the pulley structure 401 sliding out of the floating route, and also avoid the inlay sliding guide cable 503 being too tight for a long time, thereby reducing the service life of the inlay sliding guide cable 503. Taking the fishway outlet C203 as an example, the tail pulley 505 at this position is mainly fixed through the tail pulley support rod 5051, and the tail pulley support rod 5051 is mainly arranged on the side wall of the bottom chute 501.

[0084] The outlet gate opening and closing area 6 includes a sliding body working area 601, a sliding body 602 and a sliding body chain 605. The sliding body working area 601 is connected with the fishway 3, and the sliding body working area 601 is provided with a sliding chute structure and a connecting chute 607. The sliding body working area 601 is slidingly connected with the sliding rail inlay 402 of the fishway outlet connection structure 4 through the connecting chute 607. The sliding body block impact body 403 of the fishway outlet connection structure 4 can push the sliding body 602 to move. The sliding body 602 is arranged in the sliding chute structure. One end of the sliding body chain 605 is connected with the sliding body 602, and the other end of the sliding body chain 605 is connected with the fishway outlet door 301 of the fishway 3.

[0085] The sliding chute structure is a sliding body track 603 or a ring-shaped sliding chute 606. The sliding body track 603 is linearly arranged, and a sliding body side wall notch 604 is arranged on one side of the sliding body track 603. The sliding body track 603 is arranged on the outlet gate opening and closing area 6 near the fishway outlet A201 and the fishway outlet C203. The ring-shaped sliding chute 606 is arranged on the outlet gate opening and closing area 6 near the fishway outlet B202.

[0086] The ring-shaped sliding chute 606 includes a lower sliding chute 6062 and an upper sliding chute 6063. The lower sliding chute 6062 is communicated with both ends of the upper sliding chute 6063 to form the ring-shaped sliding chute 606. A return sliding chute 6064 is arranged in the middle of the ring-shaped sliding chute 606.

[0087] Boundary hydraulic rods 6061 are arranged at both ends of the lower sliding chute 6062.

[0088] The return chute 6064 is communicated with the lower chute 6062 at one end and communicated with the upper chute 6063 at the other end, and two sliding blocks 6021 are symmetrically arranged on the inner wall of the return chute 6064 and are rotationally connected with the inner wall of the return chute 6064, the return chute 6064 is rotationally arranged in one direction, the rotating directions of the two return chutes 6064 are opposite, the sliding block 6021 on the right side can rotate counterclockwise, and the sliding block 6021 on the left side can rotate clockwise, so as to avoid that the sliding body 602 directly enters the upper chute 6063 from the return chute 6064.

[0089] In order to utilize the force of the fishway outlet connecting structure 4 along the inlay to slide the guide cable 503 to the fishway outlet cavity structure 5, the sliding body working area 601 and the sliding body 602 are arranged, and the sliding body 602 moves along the direction perpendicular to the water flow in the sliding body working area 601 (the moving direction of the sliding body 602 is perpendicular to the direction of the fishway outlet 2).

[0090] The moving directions of the sliding body 602 at the fishway outlet A 201 and the fishway outlet C 203 are opposite, and therefore the positions of the sliding body edge recess 604 in the sliding body track 603 at the fishway outlet A 201 and the fishway outlet C 203 are opposite.

[0091] Taking the moving direction of the sliding body 602 at the fishway outlet A 201 as an example, when the water level changes from the low water level to the high water level, under the action of the buoyancy, the sliding block collision body 403 collides with the sliding body 602 at the center position of the sliding body track 603 when passing through the connecting chute 607, when the sliding body 602 is at the center position of the sliding body track 603, the fishway outlet door 301 is in the closed state, since the moving direction of the sliding block collision body 403 is from the left to the right direction and the water level changes from low to high, at this time, the sliding body 602 will slide along the sliding body track 603 to the sliding body edge recess 604 area, and under the action of the water level buoyancy, the sliding body 602 is always pressed at the position of the sliding body edge recess 604. Since the sliding body chain 605 is connected with the sliding body 602, when the sliding body 602 is at the center position, the tension of the sliding body chain 605 is the same as the force borne by the fishway outlet door 301 in the closed state, but as the sliding body 602 enters the sliding body edge recess 604, the sliding body chain 605 is in the stretched state, and this tension is sufficient to open the fishway outlet door, and the tension is transferred to the fishway outlet door 301 through the sliding body chain pulley 6051, and then the door is changed to the open state.

[0092] For example, the moving direction of the sliding body 602 at the fishway outlet A 201 is as follows: when the water level decreases from the high water level to the low water level, the fishway outlet connecting structure 4 will be disconnected from the sliding groove 607 at this time, the sliding body 602 in the sliding body side wall notch 604 is contacted and extruded, the sliding body chain 605 is in a stress-free state, the fishway outlet door 301 is restrained due to the reaction of the door shaft 3011, and the door can be automatically reset under the stress-free state of the sliding body chain 605, so that the sliding body chain 605 drives the sliding body 602 to return to the initial state, that is, the pulling force of the sliding body chain 605 is the same as the reaction force when the fishway outlet door 301 is in the closed state.

[0093] If the water level in front of the fishway outlet is lifted from the fishway outlet B 202 to the fishway outlet A 201 or decreased to the fishway outlet C 203, at this time, the sliding body 602 moves in a ring-shaped manner in the annular sliding track 606.

[0094] For example, the water level in the reservoir decreases from the fishway outlet B 202 to the fishway outlet C 203 (in the case of multiple fishway outlets B 202, if the water level in the reservoir is lifted from the fishway outlet B 202 with the lowest water level to the fishway outlet B 202 with the highest water level, the moving direction of the sliding body will be opposite), which is specifically manifested as follows: the sliding body 602 in the initial state is at the center position, under the extrusion of the sliding block impact body 403, the sliding body 602 will be at the right boundary of the annular sliding track, and the sliding body chain 605 will open the fishway outlet door 301. At this time, if the water level continues to decrease to the fishway outlet C 203, the sliding rail insert 402 will be lowered to the water level at the fishway outlet C 203 under the action of the buoyancy, the sliding body 602 will also be extruded by the sliding rail insert 402, the support of the boundary hydraulic rod 6061 will be less than the extrusion force, the boundary hydraulic rod 6061 will be locally contracted, and the sliding body 602 will also enter the upper sliding track 6063 and further return to the initial position along the return sliding track 6064.

[0095] A method for using a fishway outlet structure suitable for large-amplitude changes in the water level in a reservoir, comprising the following steps:

[0096] Before use: before the fish passing season begins, the floating opening and closing channel 1 is lifted in front of the fishway outlet 2 by connecting the lifting ring 105 with the lifting equipment. Before lifting, it is necessary to check the availability of electrical equipment, including the solar photovoltaic panel 101, the storage battery 1012, the floating side wall rotary telescopic rod 106 and the motor box 107. Under the floating action of the water level, the floating opening and closing channel 1 is connected with the fishway 3 through the fishway outlet 2 to form a whole; the floating opening and closing channel 1 is mainly under the buoyancy of the floating box 102, and the channel is not completely submerged;

[0097] The fishway outlet connection structure 4 is the key structure to ensure the close connection with the fishway outlet 2. Before hoisting, the stability of the pulley structure 401, pulley support structure 4011 and pulley stabilizing hydraulic rod 4012 also needs to be ensured to avoid pulley shaft fracture during operation. It also includes the bottom chute 501 between the fishway outlet cavity structure 5, the bottom chute bracket 502, the inlay sliding guide cable 503, the fixed pulley 504, the fixed pulley lower guide cable 5041, the fixed pulley upper guide cable 5042 and the fixed pulley shaft 5043.

[0098] In use: According to the rising position of the reservoir water level, the floating opening and closing channel 1 is set at the fishway outlet A201, fishway outlet B202 or fishway outlet C203. Taking the water level to fishway outlet C203 as an example, if March to July is the fish migration period, March is also the water level low to the water level elevation of fishway outlet C203. The floating opening and closing channel 1 hoisted into the reservoir will enter the fishway low outlet C203. After the fishway outlet connection structure 4 of the floating opening and closing channel 1 is completely connected with the connecting chute 607, the tail pulley 505 and the corresponding tail pulley support rod 5051 will be installed at this time;

[0099] If the subsequent water level continues to rise on the basis of outlet C203, the water level after rising is stable at the water level elevation of fishway outlet A201, the connecting chute 607 is connected with the fishway outlet connection structure 4 to form a whole, and the motor 1071 at the top of the channel side wall 104 will drive the extension rod 106 to rotate, control the extension of the horizontal extension shaft 1062 through the vertical shaft 1061, and insert into the side wall fixing hole 302 to ensure the firmness of the fishway outlet cavity structure 5 and the fishway outlet connection structure 4. The connection between the floating vertical shaft 1061 and the horizontal extension shaft 1062 is connected through the bevel gear 1063. If the floating opening and closing channel 1 floats to the fishway outlet B202 corresponding to other water level elevations due to water level changes, the motor 1071 will be controlled to reverse first, and the horizontal extension shaft 1062 will be retracted. At this time, the shaft is also separated from the fishway outlet C203, which is convenient for the floating opening and closing channel 1 to float to other water levels, such as Figure 6 .

[0100] The sliding block collision body 403 in the fishway outlet connection structure 4 will also reach the sliding body working area 601 of the outlet gate opening and closing area 6 under the action of buoyancy, and then the collision body will extrude the sliding body 602. Under the extrusion, the sliding body 602 moves on the sliding body track 603 and reaches the sliding body side wall notch 604. The sliding body chain 605 connected with the sliding body 602 will be opened under the transmission of the sliding body chain pulley 6051. Before the collision body extrudes the sliding body 602, the sliding body 602 is in the middle position 603 of the sliding body track, that is, the initial position, as shown in Figures 13-14 .

[0101] When the water level drops from the high water level to the middle water level corresponding to the fishway outlet B202, the sliding block impact body 403 on the fishway outlet connection structure 4 will no longer press the sliding body 602 in the sliding body edge wall notch 604, and the sliding body 602 will also slowly return to the initial position under the action of the automatic reset closing of the fishway outlet door 301.

[0102] Since the fishway outlet door 301 is provided with an automatic closing function, the sliding body chain 605 connected to the fishway outlet door 301 will be retracted to the initial position during the closing process. The force acting on the fishway outlet door 301 in the closed state is the same as the force in the stretched state of the sliding body chain 605, that is, the automatic closing force of the fishway outlet door 301 is the same as the tension of the sliding body chain 605 connected to the sliding body 602.

[0103] When the floating opening and closing channel 1 slides to the guide cable 503 through the inlay, the horizontal telescopic shaft 1062 will be extended into the corresponding side wall fixed hole 302 to ensure the stability of the whole connection. The sliding sequence of the sliding body will be the annular slide, and the sliding block impact body 403 of the fishway outlet connection structure 4 will press the sliding body 602 to the position of the boundary hydraulic rod 6061. At this time, the sliding body chain 605 connected to the sliding body 602 will also drive the fishway outlet door 301 to rotate around the door shaft 3011. The bearing process of the boundary hydraulic rod 6061 is only when the fishway outlet cavity structure 5 and the fishway outlet connection structure 4 are connected as a whole, and when the fishway outlet connection structure 4 continues to move to the low water level. At this time, the sliding body will press the boundary hydraulic rod 6061 with a force greater than the bearing force of the hydraulic rod, so that the hydraulic rod will be shortened, and the sliding body 602 will change from the lower slide 6062 to the upper slide 6063. At this time, under the action of the automatic closing force of the fishway outlet door 301, the sliding body 602 in the upper slide 6063 will return to the initial position through the sliding block 6021 and the return slide 6064, thereby completing a cycle of fishway outlet door opening and closing process of the fishway outlet B202 from the middle water level to the low water level, as shown in Figure 15 .

[0104] The initial position of the sliding body 602 is at the lower slide 6062. To ensure that the sliding body 602 in the initial position enters the upper slide 6063, a sliding block 6021 is added at the initial position of the sliding body 602. The opening direction of the sliding block is only downward to the lower slide 6062.

[0105] Figure 14 For the floating opening and closing channel 1, the sliding block moving mode steps of the sliding body 602 for opening and closing the fishway outlet gate when the low water level to the fishway high outlet A201 and the fishway high outlet A201 to other low outlets are I~II; and the sliding body 602 of the fishway low outlet is opposite, and the steps are III.

[0106] Figure 15In addition to the floating opening and closing passage 1 at the fishway outlet A201 and the fishway outlet C203, the water level in the reservoir area is at the water level of the fishway outlet B202. The water level condition can be summarized as the fishway outlet B202 to the fishway outlet A201 which is higher than it or the fishway outlet C203 which is lower than it. The moving mode of the sliding body 602 in the annular slide 606 in the sliding body working area 601 when the water level decreases from the medium water level to the low water level and increases from the medium water level to the high water level is introduced in this specification.

[0107] Figure 16 The mutual position relationship between the sliding body 602 and the sliding body chain 605 when the fishway outlet door 301 is in the opening and closing state.

[0108] End of use:

[0109] In order to ensure the safety of the floating opening and closing passage 1, after the fish passing season ends, the floating opening and closing passage 1 is lifted away from the water surface of the reservoir area, and the fishway outlet door 301 is in the closed state. After lifting, the internal facilities of the floating opening and closing passage 1 need to be checked. Considering that the hydrological type after the fish passing season ends is also non-flood period, the water level is also lower. The installation position during operation can be recovered and lifted to the inspection area.

[0110] Example 2:

[0111] As shown in Figure 17 , a fishway outlet structure suitable for large amplitude of water level in the reservoir area and its use method and embodiment 1 are basically the same, except that the structure does not include the floating box 102.

[0112] The water-filled floating passage 7 includes a water pump 701, a water pipe 702 and a water storage tank 703. The remaining structure and connection mode of the water-filled floating passage 7 are basically the same as those of the floating opening and closing passage 1, except that the water-filled floating passage 7 does not include the floating box 102. The water pump 701 is arranged on the motor box 107. The water outlet of the water pump 701 is connected with the water storage tank 703 through the water pipe 702. The water inlet of the water pump 701 is connected with the water pipe 702. The water storage tank 703 is connected with the passage bottom plate 103.

[0113] According to the buoyancy of the water-filled floating passage 7 in water, the water injection amount into the water storage tank 703 is calculated, so as to ensure that the water depth in the water-filled floating passage 7 is the same as the water depth in the fishway 3. When water is injected into the water storage tank 703, the water in the reservoir area is extracted through the water pump 701 and the water pipe 702, and then injected into the water storage tank 703. If it is necessary to reduce the water amount in the water storage tank 703, the water amount is still discharged through the water pump 701 and the water pipe 702.

[0114] The application mainly through the fishway outlet bottom plate, link a slide rail cavity, and set up a floating type open and close fishway outlet combination structure, which will pass through the buoyancy effect, the floating type structure through the slide rail through the cavity, and then drive the chain of the opening gate, realize the opening of the fishway outlet gate. In order to facilitate the floating type structure to pass through the cavity structure of the fishway bottom plate, add multiple pulleys at the fishway side wall, make the floating type open and close fishway outlet structure move in the specified direction.

[0115] Compared with the traditional fishway outlet gate power opening mode, the floating type open and close fishway outlet combination structure utilizes the buoyancy effect under different water levels, realizes the opening and closing of the fishway outlet gate at different elevations, greatly reduces the workload of the fishway outlet gate opening and closing, also reduces the total cost of the traditional single fishway outlet gate with an opening and closing structure, has certain economic benefits. In order to better connect with the fishway outlet, a certain chain structure is also added at the fishway outlet bottom plate, which is convenient for the floating type structure to drive the chain structure when passing through the cavity through the slide rail, and then drive the opening and closing of the fishway outlet gate through the pulley or gear inside the bottom plate and side wall of the fishway outlet. The fishway outlet gate in the application is axially single opening and closing, and the gate is connected with the gear belt inside the side wall to form a whole, when the floating type structure passes through the cavity through the slide rail, the gear belt will be stretched and stressed, driving the fishway outlet gate to open, if the floating type structure exits the slide rail cavity due to water level drop or water level rise, the gear belt and the fishway outlet gate will return to the initial state, that is, the gate is closed and the gear belt is not stretched.

[0116] In addition, the fishway outlet of the application has certain improvement effect, which is specifically shown as follows: if the river hydrological regime of high dam hydropower engineering changes, the fishway is constructed according to the preliminary design stage, but the fish passing effect is not good after actual operation, the fishway structure (fishway outlet elevation or internal structure size) needs to be optimized or adjusted, and then the fishway outlet needs to be added and reconstructed, the application can still be continuously applied.

[0117] Compared with the prior art, the application provides a structure and method for automatically opening and closing the fishway outlet gate under the condition of large amplitude of reservoir water level in complex reservoir bank topography. The application is designed to solve the problems of large amplitude of reservoir water level, complex operation of fishway outlet gate, and difficulty in joint operation of gate group, to meet the requirements of gate coordinated opening and closing and subsequent fishway optimization during fishway operation under the condition of large amplitude of reservoir water level and complex reservoir bank environment. The application improves the mobility and convenience of the opening and closing of multiple outlet gates, reduces the complex operation process of the existing fishway outlet with a fishway outlet gate, and better meets the stable opening and closing of different fish outlets, avoiding the joint deployment problem of multiple fishway outlet gate groups.

Claims

1. A fishway outlet structure suitable for large fluctuations in reservoir water level, characterized in that: The system includes a floating opening and closing channel assembly, a fishway (3), a fishway outlet connecting structure (4), a fishway outlet cavity structure (5), and an outlet gate opening and closing area (6). A fishway outlet (2) is provided on the fishway (3). The fishway (3) is connected to the floating opening and closing channel assembly through the fishway outlet (2). The fishway outlet connecting structure (4) is provided on the floating opening and closing channel assembly. The fishway outlet cavity structure (5) is connected to the fishway (3) through the outlet gate opening and closing area (6). The outlet gate opening and closing area (6) is provided on the side of the fishway (3) near the fishway outlet (2). The fishway outlet (2) includes fishway outlet A (201), fishway outlet B (202), and fishway outlet C (203). The fishway outlet connection structure (4) includes a pulley structure (401), a slide rail insert (402), and a slide block collision body (403). The pulley structure (401) is mounted on the pulley support structure (4011). The pulley support structure (4011) is provided with a pulley stabilizing hydraulic rod (4012), and the pulley support structure (4011) and the pulley stabilizing hydraulic rod (4012) are respectively connected to the slide rail insert (402). The slide rail insert (402) is connected to the floating opening and closing channel assembly, and the side of the slide rail insert (402) away from the floating opening and closing channel assembly is connected to the sliding block collision body (403). The fishway outlet cavity structure (5) includes a bottom slide (501), a fixed pulley (504), and a tail pulley (505). The bottom slide (501) is connected to the outlet gate opening and closing area (6) through a bottom slide lifting frame (502). The bottom of the fixed pulley (504) is connected to the lower guide cable (5041), the middle part of the fixed pulley (504) is connected to the upper guide cable (5042) of the fixed pulley via the fixed pulley shaft (5043), and the top of the fixed pulley (504) is connected to the inlay sliding guide cable (503). The embedded sliding guide cable (503) is a closed-loop structure. The embedded sliding guide cable (503) is connected to the tail pulley (505) and the pulley structure (401) of the fishway outlet connecting structure (4). The bottom and top of the pulley structure (401) are respectively connected to the embedded sliding guide cable (503). The pulley structure (401) moves along the extension direction of the embedded sliding guide cable (503). The two ends of the fixed pulley lower guide cable (5041) and the fixed pulley upper guide cable (5042) are respectively connected to the bottom slide groove (501). The tail pulley (505) is connected to the bottom slide groove (501) via the tail pulley support rod (5051); The outlet gate opening and closing area (6) includes a sliding body working area (601), a sliding body (602) and a sliding body chain (605). The sliding body working area (601) is connected to the fish passage (3). The sliding body working area (601) is provided with a sliding track structure and a connecting groove (607). The sliding body working area (601) is slidably connected to the fish passage outlet connecting structure (4) through the connecting groove (607). The sliding body (602) is set in the sliding track structure. One end of the sliding body chain (605) is connected to the sliding body (602), and the other end of the sliding body chain (605) is connected to the fish passage (3). The slide structure is a slide rail (603) or an annular slide rail (606). The slide rail (603) is arranged linearly, and a slide side wall notch (604) is provided on one side of the slide rail (603). The annular slide (606) includes a lower slide (6062) and an upper slide (6063). The two ends of the lower slide (6062) are connected to the two ends of the upper slide (6063) to form an annular slide (606). A return slide (6064) is provided in the middle of the annular slide (606). Boundary hydraulic rods (6061) are respectively installed at both ends of the sliding track (6062). One end of the return slide (6064) is connected to the lower slide (6062), and the other end of the return slide (6064) is connected to the upper slide (6063). Two sliding blocks (6021) are symmetrically arranged on the inner wall of the return slide (6064), and the sliding blocks (6021) are rotatably connected to the inner wall of the return slide (6064).

2. The fishway outlet structure applicable to large fluctuations in reservoir water level as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The floating opening and closing channel assembly is a floating opening and closing channel (1) or a water-filled floating channel (7). The floating opening and closing channel (1) includes a solar photovoltaic panel (101), a floating box (102), a channel bottom plate (103), a channel side wall (104), and a motor box (107). The solar photovoltaic panel (101) is mounted on the motor box (107), the floating box (102) is mounted on the side of the channel side wall (104), the two sides of the channel bottom plate (103) are respectively connected to the channel side wall (104), the fish passage outlet connecting structure (4) is connected to the channel bottom plate (103), and the motor box (107) is mounted on the top surface of the channel side wall (104).

3. The fishway outlet structure applicable to large fluctuations in reservoir water level as described in claim 2, characterized in that: The solar photovoltaic panel (101) is connected to the motor housing (107) via a photovoltaic panel bracket (1011). The solar photovoltaic panel (101) is electrically connected to a storage battery (1012), which is mounted on the motor housing (107). A lifting ring (105) is provided on the top of the motor housing (107), and a motor (1071) is provided inside the motor housing (107). A telescopic rod assembly (106) is provided on the side wall (104) of the passage. The telescopic rod assembly (106) includes a vertical shaft (1061), a horizontal telescopic shaft (1062), and a conical wheel (1063). The output shaft of the motor (1071) is connected to one end of the vertical shaft (1061), and a conical wheel (1063) is provided at the other end of the vertical shaft (1061). A conical wheel (1063) is provided at one end of the horizontal telescopic shaft (1062), and the horizontal telescopic shaft (1062) meshes with the conical wheel (1063) on the vertical shaft (1061) through the conical wheel (1063).

4. The fishway outlet structure applicable to large fluctuations in reservoir water level as described in claim 3, characterized in that: The water-filled floating channel (7) includes a water pump (701), a water pipe (702), and a water storage tank (703). The water pump (701) is installed on the motor box (107). The outlet of the water pump (701) is connected to the water storage tank (703) through the water pipe (702), and the inlet of the water pump (701) is connected to the water pipe (702). The water storage tank (703) is connected to the bottom plate (103) of the channel.

5. The fishway outlet structure applicable to large fluctuations in reservoir water level as described in claim 4, characterized in that: The fish passage (3) is provided with a fish passage exit gate (301), which is hinged to the side wall of the fish passage (3) via a door hinge (3011). The side wall of the fish passage (3) is provided with a side wall fixing hole (302), and the fish passage outlet (2) is located at the fish passage exit gate (301).

6. A method for using the fishway outlet structure as described in claim 5, applicable to reservoirs with large water level fluctuations, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Before use: Before the fish season, use a crane to connect the lifting ring (105) and lift the floating opening and closing channel assembly to the front of the fish passage outlet (2). The floating opening and closing channel assembly is connected to the fish passage (3) through the fish passage outlet (2) to form a whole. In use: According to the water level of the reservoir, the floating opening and closing channel component will connect to fishway outlet A (201), fishway outlet B (202) or fishway outlet C (203) according to the water level rise and fall characteristics. When the floating opening and closing channel component floats to the designated fishway outlet (2) based on the water level, the fishway outlet gate (301) connected to the fishway outlet (2) will drive the outlet gate to open and close under the action of the fishway outlet connecting structure (4) and the fishway outlet cavity structure (5), so that the water in the reservoir flows into the fishway (3) from there, completing the water passage inside the fishway (3). During use, the floating opening and closing channel component can automatically move to the fishway outlet (2) with different water level elevations as planned according to the water level changes. End of use: After the fish passage season ends, the floating access channel assembly is lifted out of the water, and the fish passage exit gate (301) is closed.

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