A method for dynamically adapting a solid thermal storage system level with a multi-level feedback control

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of solid heat storage systems and methods of dynamic adaptation and multilevel feedback control, system includes heat storage unit, feedback control system, adaptive control module and dynamic flow regulating device, heat storage unit is connected with feedback control system and adaptive control module respectively, adaptive control module is connected with feedback control system, dynamic flow regulating device is set on heat storage unit, dynamic flow regulating device is connected with feedback control system and adaptive control module respectively;Heat storage unit includes several partitions, several series-parallel connection heat storage modules are arranged in each partition;Feedback control system includes multipoint sensor, for monitoring the temperature and flow data of each partition;Adaptive control module is used to dynamically adjust the flow and temperature of each partition in heat storage unit based on the real-time data of feedback control system using multilevel feedback algorithm;Dynamic flow regulating device is used to adjust the flow distribution of each partition in heat storage unit according to load demand.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of energy storage technology, specifically relating to a solid thermal energy storage system and method with dynamic adaptation and multi-level feedback control. Background Technology

[0002] Solid-state thermal energy storage technology boasts advantages such as high storage temperature, high energy density, and diverse forms of heat output. It can provide hot air, high-temperature steam, and hot water, meeting the heating needs of various industrial and residential sectors. Therefore, existing solid-state thermal energy storage systems are widely used in solar thermal power generation and industrial waste heat utilization. However, traditional thermal energy storage systems typically lack flexible configuration and control capabilities for storage modules, making dynamic control during heat storage and release impossible. Typical fixed parallel or series structures limit the system's adaptability to external load fluctuations, easily leading to uneven heat release and response lag, especially under conditions of severe load fluctuations, affecting the system's operating efficiency and stability.

[0003] There is an urgent need for a design and operation method for solid thermal storage systems that combines dynamic regulation and multi-level feedback control, capable of adapting to complex external load fluctuations and achieving continuous, stable, and efficient thermal storage and release processes. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the problem that traditional thermal storage systems cannot adapt to complex external load fluctuations, and to propose a dynamic adaptation and multi-level feedback control solid thermal storage system and method.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0006] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a solid thermal storage system with dynamic adaptation and multi-level feedback control, comprising a thermal storage unit, a feedback control system, an adaptive control module, and a dynamic flow regulation device. The thermal storage unit is connected to the feedback control system and the adaptive control module, respectively. The adaptive control module is connected to the feedback control system. The dynamic flow regulation device is disposed on the thermal storage unit and is connected to the feedback control system and the adaptive control module.

[0007] The thermal storage unit includes several partitions, and each partition is equipped with several thermal storage modules connected in series and parallel to absorb and store heat.

[0008] The feedback control system includes multiple sensors for monitoring temperature and flow data in each zone;

[0009] The adaptive control module is used to dynamically adjust the flow rate and temperature of each zone in the thermal storage unit based on real-time data from the feedback control system and using a multi-level feedback algorithm.

[0010] The dynamic flow regulation device is used to adjust the flow distribution of each zone in the thermal storage unit according to the load demand.

[0011] Furthermore, the adaptive control module includes a load forecasting module, which is used to predict load fluctuations and adjust the priority of each zone before heat storage or heat release based on external meteorological data, user historical load data and external data sources.

[0012] Furthermore, the multi-level dynamic feedback algorithm is based on fuzzy logic control or machine learning algorithm settings.

[0013] Furthermore, each partition of the thermal storage unit is modularly configured, and the thermal storage capacity of the thermal storage unit can be expanded by increasing the number of partitions, decreasing the number of partitions, or replacing the thermal storage modules inside the partitions.

[0014] Furthermore, the dynamic flow regulation device includes a flow control valve and a variable frequency pump, which regulates the flow rate of each zone in the thermal storage unit through the feedback control signal of the feedback control system.

[0015] Furthermore, the dynamic flow regulation device also includes a temperature control feedback loop for monitoring the outlet temperature of each zone in the thermal storage unit.

[0016] Furthermore, the feedback control system includes a temperature sensor and a flow sensor. The temperature sensor is used to collect temperature data of each zone in the thermal storage unit, and the flow sensor is used to collect flow data of each zone in the thermal storage unit.

[0017] Furthermore, the feedback control system also includes a data processing module for receiving and analyzing data from the temperature sensor and the flow sensor, and providing feedback signals to the adaptive control module.

[0018] Furthermore, the feedback control system also includes an anomaly detection and processing module. When abnormal fluctuations in temperature or flow are detected, an automatic feedback control mechanism is activated to adjust the flow and temperature back to normal.

[0019] Secondly, the present invention provides a method for operating a solid thermal energy storage system with dynamic adaptation and multi-level feedback control, comprising the following steps:

[0020] The thermal storage process includes opening the flow control valves of all zones during the thermal storage start-up phase. The temperature of the zones or modules that enter first rises first, followed by the zones or modules that enter later. When the temperature of a certain zone or module reaches a set threshold, the flow control valves of some zones are gradually closed to reduce the inlet flow of this zone or module. Then, the other operating zones redistribute the flow by adjusting the flow control valves to absorb heat evenly.

[0021] The heat release process involves gradually opening the flow control valves of the zones according to the load demand in the initial stage of heat release. When the temperature of a certain zone or module drops to a set threshold, the flow control valves of some zones are gradually closed to reduce the inlet flow of this zone or module. Then, other operating zones redistribute the flow by adjusting the flow control valves, extending the heat release time and stabilizing the release of heat.

[0022] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial technical effects:

[0023] This invention proposes a solid thermal energy storage system and method with dynamic adaptation and multi-level feedback control. The solid thermal energy storage system design combines dynamic regulation and multi-level feedback control, which can adapt to complex external load fluctuations and achieve continuous, stable, and efficient heat storage and release processes. It is suitable for large-scale solid thermal energy storage systems. Through multi-level feedback control and dynamic flow regulation, it achieves adaptive regulation. According to real-time load demand and temperature gradient changes, it dynamically adjusts the configuration of thermal energy storage units and pipe sections to ensure the uniformity and stability of the heat storage and release processes.

[0024] Furthermore, the system employs a multi-point sensor monitoring and feedback mechanism to acquire real-time temperature data of zones and pipe sections. Combined with adaptive algorithms, it precisely controls flow and temperature to ensure optimal heat management during heat storage and release. Through intelligent parallel connection of zones, segmented series-parallel configuration, and multi-layer feedback control, the system can flexibly adjust the start-up and shutdown of zones and flow distribution during load fluctuations, optimize system performance, and extend heat release time, making it suitable for heat storage needs with complex load fluctuations.

[0025] Furthermore, through the multi-level feedback control and adaptive algorithm of this invention, the thermal storage system can achieve precise regulation under load fluctuation conditions, significantly improving the operating efficiency and system stability during thermal storage and release. The dynamic start-up and shutdown strategy for zones and pipe sections ensures rapid system response, avoiding localized overheating or uneven heat output. Compared to traditional fixed thermal storage and release systems, this invention can precisely adjust the flow rate through multi-variable control and feedback mechanisms while maintaining a constant total flow rate, achieving uniform heat transfer. By optimizing the distribution of thermal storage units and the efficiency of heat absorption and release, the system's scalability is also greatly improved. Thermal storage capacity can be easily expanded by adding zones or parallel pipe sections without requiring major modifications to the existing system structure. Attached Figure Description

[0026] The accompanying drawings described herein are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention in any way. Furthermore, the shapes and proportions of the components in the drawings are merely schematic to aid in understanding the invention and do not specifically limit the shapes and proportions of the components. In the drawings:

[0027] Figure 1 This is a simplified structural diagram of a solid thermal energy storage system with dynamic adaptation and multi-level feedback control.

[0028] Among them, 1 is the thermal storage unit, 2 is the feedback control system, 3 is the adaptive control module, and 4 is the dynamic flow regulation device. Detailed Implementation

[0029] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the present invention, the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort should fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0030] It should be noted that when an element is referred to as being "set on" another element, it can be directly on the other element or there may be an intervening element. When an element is referred to as being "connected to" another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or there may be an intervening element. The terms "vertical," "horizontal," "left," "right," and similar expressions used herein are for illustrative purposes only and do not represent the only embodiments.

[0031] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains. The terminology used herein in the description of the invention is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. The term "and / or" as used herein includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.

[0032] It should be noted that the terms "first," "second," etc., in the specification, claims, and accompanying drawings of this invention are used to distinguish similar objects and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that such data can be interchanged where appropriate so that the embodiments of the invention described herein can be implemented in orders other than those illustrated or described herein. Furthermore, the terms "comprising" and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion; for example, a process, method, system, product, or apparatus that comprises a series of steps or units is not necessarily limited to those steps or units explicitly listed, but may include other steps or units not explicitly listed or inherent to such processes, methods, products, or apparatus.

[0033] Example 1

[0034] See Figure 1 A solid thermal energy storage system with dynamic adaptation and multi-level feedback control includes a thermal energy storage unit 1, a feedback control system 2, an adaptive control module 3, and a dynamic flow regulation device 4. The thermal energy storage unit 1 is connected to both the feedback control system 2 and the adaptive control module 3. The adaptive control module 3 is also connected to the feedback control system 2. The dynamic flow regulation device 4 is installed on the thermal energy storage unit 1 and is connected to both the feedback control system 2 and the adaptive control module 3. The thermal energy storage unit 1 includes several partitions, each containing several thermal energy storage modules connected in series and parallel for absorbing and storing heat. The feedback control system 2 includes multi-point sensors for monitoring the temperature and flow data of each partition. The adaptive control module 3 dynamically adjusts the flow and temperature of each partition in the thermal energy storage unit 1 based on real-time data from the feedback control system 2 using a multi-level feedback algorithm. The dynamic flow regulation device 4 adjusts the flow distribution of each partition in the thermal energy storage unit 1 according to load demand.

[0035] Intelligent forecasting and adaptive control, combined with multivariate models and meteorological data, predict load changes in advance, ensuring stable system operation. Multi-level feedback control and dynamic flow regulation achieve precise control of temperature, flow, and load, reducing overheating or uneven cooling. Through zoned and series-parallel connected thermal storage modules, the system can more effectively absorb and store heat, improving thermal storage efficiency. The adaptive control module uses real-time data to dynamically adjust the flow and temperature of each zone, ensuring uniform heat distribution and avoiding localized overheating or undercooling, thereby improving overall energy management efficiency. The dynamic flow regulation device can adjust the flow distribution of each zone in real time according to load demand, and can quickly respond to changes in external conditions, such as weather changes or fluctuations in energy demand. This flexibility allows the system to provide stable heat output in different time periods or seasons, meeting diverse energy needs. The feedback control system monitors the temperature and flow data of each zone in real time through multiple sensors, providing an accurate information basis for the adaptive control module. The adaptive control module then uses this data to make intelligent decisions through multi-level feedback algorithms, realizing automated control of the system. This reduces the need for manual intervention and improves the reliability and stability of the system. By precisely controlling the heat distribution and flow allocation within the thermal storage units, the system can utilize energy more efficiently and reduce unnecessary energy waste. The system's zoning and modular design make it easy to expand and upgrade. As energy demand increases or technology advances, thermal storage modules can be easily added or the control system improved. This modular design also simplifies and streamlines system maintenance and repair, reducing operating costs.

[0036] A multi-point sensor is a sensor device capable of simultaneously measuring physical quantities at multiple points. By collecting data from multiple sensors, it accurately measures physical quantities and transmits the results to external devices to monitor and control the environment and object states. A multi-point sensor internally contains multiple sensors of different or similar types, such as temperature sensors, humidity sensors, and pressure sensors. These sensors detect various physical quantities in the environment or on objects and convert them into electrical signals. The electrical signals collected by the sensors are converted into digital signals by an internal analog-to-digital (A / D) converter, and then processed by amplification and filtering circuitry to improve measurement accuracy and reliability. Multi-point sensors provide a unified output interface and data format, simplifying system design and development. They can monitor physical quantities at multiple points in real time, improving monitoring efficiency and accuracy. Employing advanced measurement technologies and algorithms, multi-point sensors can achieve high-precision physical quantity measurements. They support the expansion of multiple sensor nodes, facilitating flexible configuration according to actual needs. The integration of multiple sensors reduces the number of sensors and the associated hardware costs.

[0037] The adaptive control module 3 includes a load forecasting module, which predicts load fluctuations and adjusts the priority of each zone before heat storage or release based on external meteorological data, user historical load data, and external data sources. The multi-level dynamic feedback algorithm is set based on fuzzy logic control or machine learning algorithms.

[0038] The multi-level dynamic feedback algorithm is an algorithm that combines a multi-level structure and a dynamic feedback mechanism. It optimizes system performance and stability by setting feedback control loops at different levels to achieve real-time monitoring and dynamic adjustment of the system state. The algorithm divides the system into multiple levels, each responsible for different tasks and functions. Higher levels are responsible for global decision-making and control, while lower levels are responsible for specific execution and feedback. At each level, the algorithm sets up feedback control loops. These loops can monitor the system state in real time and dynamically adjust the control strategy according to changes in the state.

[0039] The zone priority sorting and dynamic start-stop mechanism adjusts the start-stop of zones based on real-time thermal parameters to optimize heat management.

[0040] The load forecasting module accurately predicts load fluctuations, allowing the system to adjust the priorities of each zone in advance to optimize heat storage or release strategies. This helps reduce unnecessary energy waste and improve overall energy efficiency. By accurately forecasting loads, the system can store sufficient thermal energy before peak loads or release thermal energy during off-peak periods, thus utilizing energy more efficiently. Accurate load forecasting helps avoid excessive or insufficient energy supply, thereby reducing energy procurement and storage costs. Optimizing energy use can reduce energy consumption and related operation and maintenance costs. The load forecasting module can cope with the unpredictability of external weather conditions and user behavior by stabilizing system loads by adjusting priorities in advance. Multi-level dynamic feedback algorithms can adjust system parameters in real time to cope with load fluctuations, thereby enhancing the overall stability of the system. By optimizing energy allocation and adjusting the priorities of each zone, the system can ensure a stable energy supply during peak loads, thereby improving user comfort and satisfaction. Accurate load forecasting and intelligent adjustment also help reduce the risk of energy outages.

[0041] Each section of the thermal storage unit 1 is modularly configured. The thermal storage capacity of the thermal storage unit 1 can be expanded by increasing the number of sections, decreasing the number of sections, or replacing the thermal storage modules inside the sections.

[0042] Modular design allows for flexible adjustment of thermal storage units according to actual needs. When increased storage capacity is required, only new zones or modules need to be added; conversely, if storage demand decreases, zones or modules can be reduced. This flexibility enables the system to adapt to different application scenarios and energy demands. As technology advances or user needs change, the system can be easily upgraded or modified to meet higher performance requirements. Modular design allows each zone or module to be maintained and upgraded independently without affecting the operation of the entire system. This reduces maintenance costs and improves system reliability and availability. In the event of a failure, the faulty module can be quickly located and replaced, shortening repair time and reducing downtime losses. By adjusting the number of zones and the configuration of internal thermal storage modules, energy distribution and storage strategies can be optimized. For example, during peak load periods, more thermal energy can be stored to meet peak demand; while during off-peak periods, storage can be reduced to lower costs. This optimization helps improve overall energy efficiency and reduce unnecessary energy waste. Modular design allows users to customize configurations according to actual needs and budgets. This helps reduce initial investment costs and makes the system more economical and efficient. As the thermal storage capacity increases or decreases, users can adjust their investment scale accordingly to achieve the best cost-effectiveness ratio.

[0043] The dynamic flow regulation device 4 includes a flow control valve and a variable frequency pump, which regulates the flow rate of each zone in the thermal storage unit 1 through the feedback control signal of the feedback control system 2. The dynamic flow regulation device 4 also includes a temperature control feedback loop for monitoring the outlet temperature of each zone in the thermal storage unit 1.

[0044] The dynamic flow regulation device 4, through flow control valves and variable frequency pumps, can precisely regulate the flow rate of each zone in the thermal storage unit 1 based on signals from the feedback control system 2. This precise control helps ensure that each zone receives the required water flow rate, thereby maintaining stable heat exchange efficiency. The temperature control feedback loop can monitor the outlet temperature of each zone in the thermal storage unit 1 in real time, ensuring that the temperature remains within the set range. This helps prevent overheating or overcooling, improving system stability and safety. By precisely controlling flow rate and temperature, the dynamic flow regulation device 4 can optimize the heat transfer and storage process, reducing unnecessary energy waste. This helps improve the overall system energy efficiency and reduce operating costs. The modular design and flexible control strategy of the dynamic flow regulation device 4 allow the system to be quickly adjusted according to actual needs. For example, during peak load periods, the flow rate can be increased to meet higher heat demand; while during off-peak periods, the flow rate can be reduced to lower costs. By precisely controlling flow rate and temperature, the dynamic flow regulation device 4 can reduce thermal and mechanical stress within each zone of the thermal storage unit 1, thereby extending the service life of the equipment.

[0045] The feedback control system 2 includes temperature sensors and flow sensors. The temperature sensors collect temperature data from each zone in the thermal storage unit 1, and the flow sensors collect flow data from each zone in the thermal storage unit 1. The feedback control system 2 also includes a data processing module, which receives and analyzes the data from the temperature and flow sensors and provides feedback signals to the adaptive control module 3. The feedback control system 2 further includes an anomaly detection and handling module. When abnormal fluctuations in temperature or flow are detected, an automatic feedback control mechanism is activated to adjust the flow and temperature back to normal.

[0046] Temperature and flow sensors can collect real-time temperature and flow data from each zone in thermal storage unit 1, ensuring the system can promptly understand the operating status of each zone. The data processing module receives and analyzes this data, providing accurate feedback signals to the adaptive control module 3, thereby achieving precise control. By monitoring temperature and flow in real time, the system can promptly detect and respond to potential anomalies, thus preventing system crashes or malfunctions. The anomaly detection and handling module can quickly activate the automatic feedback control mechanism when abnormal fluctuations in temperature or flow are detected, adjusting flow and temperature to restore the system to normal operation and enhance system stability. Accurate temperature and flow data help the system optimize the heat transfer and storage process, reducing unnecessary energy waste. Through data analysis, the system can identify zones with low energy utilization efficiency and take corresponding adjustment measures to improve overall energy utilization efficiency. Real-time monitoring of temperature and flow helps to promptly detect potential problems such as equipment overheating and overload, allowing for preventative measures to avoid equipment damage. By optimizing flow and temperature control, internal thermal and mechanical stresses can be reduced, extending the equipment's service life.

[0047] The dynamic adjustment capability of this embodiment is as follows: Through the dynamic flow regulation device 4, the system can adjust the flow distribution of each zone in real time according to the load demand, ensuring effective heat transfer and storage. The adaptive control module 3 uses a multi-level feedback algorithm to dynamically adjust the flow and temperature of each zone in the thermal storage unit 1 based on the real-time data of the feedback control system 2, improving the system's flexibility and response speed.

[0048] The modular design of this embodiment: Each section of the thermal storage unit 1 is modularly configured, facilitating system expansion and upgrades. By adding, removing, or replacing the thermal storage modules within a section, the thermal storage capacity can be flexibly adjusted to meet different application requirements.

[0049] This embodiment optimizes heat transfer: the system optimizes the heat transfer process through precise temperature and flow control, reducing heat loss and waste. The synergistic effect of the dynamic flow regulation device 4 and the adaptive control module 3 ensures efficient heat utilization.

[0050] The load forecasting and regulation in this embodiment: The load forecasting module in the adaptive control module 3 can predict load fluctuations based on external meteorological data, user historical load data, and external data sources, and adjust the priority of each zone before heat storage or release. This forecasting and regulation mechanism helps the system prepare in advance, avoids excessive or insufficient heat storage, and further improves energy utilization efficiency.

[0051] Real-time monitoring and anomaly handling in this embodiment: The temperature and flow sensors in the feedback control system 2 can monitor the temperature and flow data of each zone in real time, ensuring the stability and safety of system operation. When abnormal fluctuations in temperature or flow are detected, the anomaly detection and handling module will activate the automatic feedback control mechanism to adjust the flow and temperature back to normal, preventing system failure or damage.

[0052] This embodiment features multiple protection mechanisms: the system can also be equipped with other protection mechanisms, such as high-temperature protection and pressure protection, to ensure the safe operation of the system under extreme conditions.

[0053] The intelligent management system in this embodiment integrates intelligent technologies, such as fuzzy logic control and machine learning algorithms, to achieve intelligent management and control of the thermal storage process. Users can remotely monitor and control the system to understand its operating status and performance data in real time, and perform remote adjustments and maintenance.

[0054] Maintenance in this embodiment: The modular design and easy expandability of the system make maintenance and upgrades simpler and more convenient. Users can add or replace components such as thermal storage modules or sensors as needed, ensuring long-term stable operation of the system.

[0055] Example 2

[0056] A method for operating a solid thermal energy storage system with dynamic adaptation and multi-level feedback control includes the following steps:

[0057] The thermal storage process includes opening the flow control valves of all zones during the thermal storage start-up phase. The temperature of the zones or modules that enter first rises first, followed by the zones or modules that enter later. When the temperature of a certain zone or module reaches a set threshold, the flow control valves of some zones are gradually closed to reduce the inlet flow of this zone or module. Then, the other operating zones redistribute the flow by adjusting the flow control valves to absorb heat evenly.

[0058] The heat release process involves gradually opening the flow control valves of each zone according to the load demand in the initial stage of heat release. When the temperature of a certain zone or module drops to a set threshold, the flow control valves of some zones are gradually closed to reduce the inlet flow of this zone or module. Then, other operating zones redistribute the flow by adjusting the flow control valves, extending the heat release time and stabilizing the release of heat. This method significantly improves the response accuracy in the heat storage and heat release process, extends the system heat release time, and optimizes the overall performance through flexible design and multivariate control. It is suitable for heat storage needs with complex load fluctuations.

[0059] Example 3

[0060] This embodiment provides a solid thermal energy storage system with dynamic adaptation and multi-level feedback control, including:

[0061] The thermal storage unit is divided into multiple modular sections, each containing multiple thermal storage modules connected in series and parallel to absorb and store heat.

[0062] The feedback control system includes multiple sensors to monitor temperature and flow data in each zone;

[0063] The adaptive control module dynamically adjusts the flow and temperature of each zone based on the real-time data of the feedback control system through a multi-level feedback algorithm.

[0064] The dynamic flow regulation device adjusts the flow distribution of each zone according to the load demand to ensure uniform heat release during the heat storage and heat release process.

[0065] This embodiment of the system achieves precise heat management under complex load conditions through modular thermal storage unit design, multi-level feedback control, and adaptive algorithms. The system includes thermal storage units, a feedback control system, an adaptive control module, and a dynamic flow regulation device. It can dynamically adjust flow distribution and temperature according to real-time load demand, ensuring the stability and uniformity of the thermal storage and release processes. During the thermal storage phase, a control strategy of fully opening and gradually closing is adopted; during the heat release phase, a strategy of gradually opening and gradually closing is adopted to extend the heat release time and improve the system's stability and response speed. This invention significantly improves the adaptability and scalability of the thermal storage system, making it suitable for thermal storage needs with complex load fluctuations in scenarios such as solar thermal power generation and industrial waste heat recovery.

[0066] The adaptive control module includes a load forecasting module, which is used to predict load fluctuations and adjust zoning priorities before heat storage and release based on external meteorological data, user historical load data and other external data sources.

[0067] The adaptive control module uses a dynamic feedback algorithm based on fuzzy logic control or machine learning to adjust the flow and temperature of the partitions in real time to further improve the system's adaptability.

[0068] Adaptive learning algorithms and dynamic temperature regulation in different zones adjust flow distribution based on changes in pipe segment temperature, thereby improving heat uniformity.

[0069] The thermal storage unit features a modular design for each zone, allowing for expansion of storage capacity by increasing or decreasing the number of zones or replacing internal storage modules to accommodate varying load demands. It boasts high scalability and flexible system configuration; the modular zone design facilitates expansion and adapts to future load growth.

[0070] The dynamic flow regulation device includes a flow control valve and a variable frequency pump, which regulates the flow of each zone through feedback control signals;

[0071] The dynamic flow control device includes a temperature control feedback loop to monitor the outlet temperature of each zone to ensure uniform heat release.

[0072] The feedback control system includes temperature sensors and flow sensors, which are used to collect temperature and flow data for each zone, respectively.

[0073] The feedback control system includes a data processing module for receiving and analyzing sensor data, thereby providing accurate feedback signals to the adaptive control module.

[0074] Gradual shutdown and startup strategies during heat storage and release processes:

[0075] The system adopts a flow control method of "opening all first and then gradually closing" during the thermal storage process. That is, during the thermal storage start-up phase, the flow control valves of all zones are opened, and after the temperature reaches the set threshold, some zones are gradually closed to reduce the inlet flow, so as to maintain uniform heat absorption and prevent local overheating.

[0076] In this embodiment, during the thermal storage phase, the system first activates all zones and parallel pipe sections to ensure rapid startup of the thermal storage process and improve heat absorption efficiency. As the thermal storage temperature rises, the system gradually shuts down each zone or pipe section, progressively reducing flow to avoid overheating and temperature imbalance, thus achieving a smooth end to thermal storage. This strategy ensures that the system can quickly reach the set thermal storage capacity within a short time, thereby efficiently completing thermal storage.

[0077] During the heat release process, the system adopts a "gradual opening and gradual closing" flow control method. That is, in the early stage of heat release, the flow control valves of the zones are gradually opened according to the load demand to prevent a sudden increase in heat in the early stage, and in the near end of heat release, some zones are gradually closed to prolong the heat release time and achieve stable heat release.

[0078] In this embodiment, during the heat release process, the system gradually opens zones and pipe sections according to load demand, achieving precise control of the heat release process and avoiding pressure shocks to the system caused by the initial heat surge. As heat release continues, the system gradually adjusts the closing sequence of zones and pipe sections, extending the heat release time so that heat can be output steadily and continuously, meeting the long-term, stable heating demand.

[0079] The feedback control system also includes an anomaly detection and handling module. When the system detects abnormal fluctuations in temperature or flow, it activates an automatic feedback control mechanism to restore the system to normal by adjusting the flow and temperature.

[0080] The preliminary design and system configuration of this embodiment include dynamic optimization of thermal storage units and zones, multi-level configuration of zones and pipe segments, and dynamic load forecasting and pre-regulation strategies, as detailed below:

[0081] Dynamic optimization of thermal storage units and zones: Based on the rated heat storage capacity and flow requirements, input key parameters such as the heat capacity of the thermal storage medium, the heat storage rate of a single thermal storage module, and the fluid flow rate into a multivariate optimization model to optimize the total number of thermal storage units and the number of zones, ensuring that the system has the ability to operate in a balanced manner under load fluctuation conditions.

[0082] Multi-level configuration of zones and pipe sections: After the thermal storage unit is zoned, the system arranges thermal storage modules in each zone in a series-parallel combination to flexibly adapt to thermal storage / heat release requirements.

[0083] Dynamic load forecasting and pre-regulation strategy: The system combines solar radiation monitoring devices and meteorological data interfaces to predict solar load trends through load forecasting models and adjust the flow priority of zones and pipe sections in advance according to load fluctuations.

[0084] This embodiment of real-time operation and load change monitoring includes multivariate monitoring and partition priority adjustment, as detailed below:

[0085] During operation, the system monitors the temperature, flow rate, and pressure of each zone through sensors, and automatically adjusts the priority of the zones in conjunction with the load sensing module to ensure dynamic response under load fluctuation conditions.

[0086] The specific zoning management of the heat storage and heat release stages in this embodiment is as follows:

[0087] Thermal storage stage: Synchronous opening and gradual closing of parallel pipe sections

[0088] Thermal storage start-up and flow balancing control: In the initial stage, all parallel pipe sections in each zone are activated. The system adjusts the flow rate in real time based on temperature monitoring to ensure uniform heat absorption. During the thermal storage process, the system sequentially closes zones according to outlet temperature priority, first reducing the inlet flow rate and gradually closing it completely to avoid transient fluctuations. As the pipe sections are gradually closed, the flow rate is readjusted based on the temperature distribution of the remaining pipe sections to prevent sudden increases in flow rate or heat imbalance.

[0089] Heat release phase: gradual opening and closing of the pipe section

[0090] During the initial heat release phase, pipe sections are selectively opened based on load demand. The system monitors outlet temperature and flow rate in real time, gradually opening more pipe sections according to priority to avoid the impact of initial surges on the system. Zone priorities are dynamically adjusted based on load and temperature conditions; zones with higher temperatures are activated first during high loads, and zones with lower temperatures are deactivated first during low loads. As heat release nears its end, the system gradually closes some pipe sections, prioritizing those based on temperature change rate to reduce heat fluctuations. After heat release is complete, the system enters standby mode, ready to respond quickly to increased load demand by expanding the number of zones.

[0091] Many embodiments and applications beyond the examples provided will be apparent to those skilled in the art upon reading the foregoing description. Therefore, the scope of this teaching should not be determined by reference to the foregoing description, but rather by reference to the foregoing claims and the full scope of their equivalents. For purposes of completeness, all articles and references, including patent applications and publications, are incorporated herein by reference. The omission of any aspect of the subject matter disclosed herein in the foregoing claims is not intended as a waiver of that subject matter, nor should it be construed as an indication that the applicant has not considered that subject matter as part of the disclosed inventive subject matter.

[0092] The above content provides a further detailed description of the present invention. It should not be construed that the specific embodiments of the present invention are limited to this. For those skilled in the art, several simple deductions or substitutions can be made without departing from the concept of the present invention, and all such deductions or substitutions should be considered as falling within the scope of protection of the present invention as defined by the submitted claims.

Claims

1. A solid thermal energy storage system with dynamic adaptation and multi-level feedback control, characterized in that, It includes a thermal storage unit (1), a feedback control system (2), an adaptive control module (3), and a dynamic flow regulating device (4). The thermal storage unit (1) is connected to the feedback control system (2) and the adaptive control module (3) respectively. The adaptive control module (3) is connected to the feedback control system (2). The dynamic flow regulating device (4) is installed on the thermal storage unit (1) and is connected to the feedback control system (2) and the adaptive control module (3). The thermal storage unit (1) includes several partitions, and each partition is equipped with several thermal storage modules connected in series and parallel for absorbing and storing heat. The feedback control system (2) includes multiple sensors for monitoring temperature and flow data of each zone; The adaptive control module (3) is used to dynamically adjust the flow rate and temperature of each zone in the thermal storage unit (1) based on the real-time data of the feedback control system (2) using a multi-level feedback algorithm. The dynamic flow regulation device (4) includes a flow control valve, and the dynamic flow regulation device (4) is used to adjust the flow distribution of each zone in the thermal storage unit (1) according to the load demand.

2. The solid thermal energy storage system with dynamic adaptation and multi-level feedback control according to claim 1, characterized in that, The adaptive control module (3) includes a load forecasting module, which is used to predict load fluctuations and adjust the priority of each zone before heat storage or heat release based on external meteorological data, user historical load data and external data sources.

3. The solid thermal energy storage system with dynamic adaptation and multi-level feedback control according to claim 1, characterized in that, The multi-level feedback algorithm is based on fuzzy logic control or machine learning algorithm settings.

4. A solid thermal energy storage system with dynamic adaptation and multi-level feedback control according to claim 1, characterized in that, Each partition of the thermal storage unit (1) is modularly configured. The thermal storage capacity of the thermal storage unit (1) can be expanded by increasing the number of partitions, decreasing the number of partitions, or replacing the thermal storage modules inside the partitions.

5. A solid thermal energy storage system with dynamic adaptation and multi-level feedback control according to claim 1, characterized in that, The dynamic flow regulation device (4) also includes a variable frequency pump, which regulates the flow rate of each zone in the thermal storage unit (1) through the feedback control signal of the feedback control system (2).

6. A solid thermal energy storage system with dynamic adaptation and multi-level feedback control according to claim 1, characterized in that, The dynamic flow regulation device (4) also includes a temperature control feedback loop for monitoring the outlet temperature of each zone in the thermal storage unit (1).

7. A solid thermal energy storage system with dynamic adaptation and multi-level feedback control according to claim 1, characterized in that, The feedback control system (2) includes a temperature sensor and a flow sensor. The temperature sensor is used to collect temperature data of each zone in the thermal storage unit (1), and the flow sensor is used to collect flow data of each zone in the thermal storage unit (1).

8. A solid thermal energy storage system with dynamic adaptation and multi-level feedback control according to claim 7, characterized in that, The feedback control system (2) further includes a data processing module for receiving and analyzing data from the temperature sensor and the flow sensor, and providing feedback signals to the adaptive control module (3).

9. A solid thermal energy storage system with dynamic adaptation and multi-level feedback control according to claim 1, characterized in that, The feedback control system (2) also includes an anomaly detection and processing module. When an abnormal fluctuation in temperature or flow is detected, an automatic feedback control mechanism is activated to adjust the flow and temperature back to normal.

10. A method for operating a solid thermal energy storage system with dynamic adaptation and multi-level feedback control, using the solid thermal energy storage system with dynamic adaptation and multi-level feedback control as described in any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: The thermal storage process includes opening the flow control valves of all zones during the thermal storage start-up phase. The temperature of the zones or modules that enter first rises first, followed by the zones or modules that enter later. When the temperature of a certain zone or module reaches a set threshold, the flow control valves of some zones are gradually closed to reduce the inlet flow of this zone or module. Then, the other operating zones redistribute the flow by adjusting the flow control valves to absorb heat evenly. The heat release process involves gradually opening the flow control valves of the zones according to the load demand in the initial stage of heat release. When the temperature of a certain zone or module drops to a set threshold, the flow control valves of some zones are gradually closed to reduce the inlet flow of this zone or module. Then, other operating zones redistribute the flow by adjusting the flow control valves, extending the heat release time and stabilizing the release of heat.

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