System and method for measuring straightness of I-shaped rail

Abstract

The invention provides an I-shaped rail straightness measuring system and method. The measuring system comprises a laser measuring unit, a fixing mechanism unit, a distance measuring unit and a display control unit. The laser measuring unit comprises a laser receiver and a laser transmitter, the laser transmitter is installed at the bottom of the I-shaped track, and the laser receiver is fixed on the fixing mechanism unit, so that the laser offset of the laser receiver when the laser receiver is located at different measuring points is measured, and the straightness is obtained through calculation. A shell of the fixing mechanism unit comprises a main body frame and a U-shaped frame, the U-shaped frame is used for being placed in a vertical groove body of a track, the track of the U-shaped frame is tightly attached to an H face and a V face through operation of the fixing mechanism unit, standard positioning is achieved, and therefore the measuring result is more accurate and credible, and calculation errors are reduced. Only two constructors are needed in the whole straightness measuring process, the total working time can be shortened by about 70%, and the working time of the slipway stage and manpower and material resources are greatly saved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of physical measurement, and in particular to a system and method for measuring the straightness of an I-shaped track. Background Art

[0002] A large frame structure is installed inside the ship. A single structure consists of multiple straight-line connected frame units. It is a semi-open cage structure with a top cover. Figure 1 As shown, two half-I-shaped rails are installed on the inner side. Figure 2 , Figure 3 As shown, due to the large size of the frame and high precision requirements, after production is completed at the supplier, it is divided into four frame units and transported separately, and then re-assembled after arriving at the factory. After installation, in order to confirm that the track can be used normally after splicing, the straightness of the spliced ​​track should be tested, and the track is divided into the upper section, middle section I, middle section II and lower section. The straightness of the track between the upper section and the lower section, the upper section and the middle section II, and the middle section I and the lower section is required to be no more than 0.1°.

[0003] The existing straightness detection method requires a measurement and recording personnel to be arranged on the top of the frame, and four measurement personnel to be arranged at the four detection points of the four-section frame unit. First, the laser transmitter is fixed at the bottom of the frame, and then the laser receiver is placed at each detection point in turn to detect the offset of the laser beam received at each point, so as to obtain the track straightness. During the measurement process, since there is no fixed stepping position, the measurement personnel can only use the method of hand-holding and stepping on the frame to keep in a fixed position. During the operation, the measurement personnel need to place the measurement unit on the inner side of the track in turn, and pass it to the next measurement personnel after the measurement is completed. The transfer process requires the measurement personnel to move up and down by stepping on the hand-holding frame. The working height is nearly 10 meters. The safety protection form can only use a hanging safety belt and wearing a helmet, which poses a great safety hazard. At the same time, during the placement of the laser receiver at each monitoring point, there is a lack of strict positioning standards, that is, in the direction perpendicular to the length of the track, the relative position of the laser receiver and the track cannot be strictly unified, resulting in a certain error in the measured offset.

[0004] The existing measurement method is affected by the difficulty of operation for operators, and the measurement efficiency is low. The measurement time for a single frame is about 15-20 minutes, and the measurement of all frames requires 20-24 hours. Combined with six construction workers, the total working time is about 120-144 hours, and all operations are required to be carried out at dusk or at night. It takes 4-5 days during the precious slipway stage of the operation cycle, which takes up a lot of manpower, material and time resources. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of the above-mentioned shortcomings of the prior art, the present invention provides a system for measuring the straightness of an I-shaped track, the measuring system comprising a laser measuring unit and a fixing mechanism unit;

[0006] The laser measurement unit includes a laser receiver and a laser transmitter, the laser transmitter is used to be installed at the bottom of the frame where the I-shaped track is located, the I-shaped track includes a first vertical plate, a second vertical plate and a third vertical plate, the first vertical plate and the third vertical plate are vertically connected to the second vertical plate, the three vertical plates are mutually enclosed to form a vertical trough body extending along the length direction of the track, the vertical surface where the second vertical plate and the vertical trough body intersect is an H surface, the vertical surface where the first vertical plate and the vertical trough body intersect is a V surface, along the length direction of the track, the I-shaped track includes a plurality of sections, each section is provided with at least one measuring point; the laser receiver is fixed on the fixed mechanism unit, and can move up and down along the track with the fixed mechanism unit, so as to measure the laser offset when it is located at different measuring points;

[0007] The fixing mechanism unit includes an outer shell, which includes a main frame and U-shaped frames fixed on both sides of the main frame and symmetrical to each other. The U-shaped frame is used to be placed in the vertical slot body and the opening of the U-shaped frame faces the V-face. An electromagnet is fixed to the inner cavity of the U-shaped frame, and the working surface of the electromagnet faces the V-face. When the electromagnet is energized, the entire outer shell can be adsorbed and fixed to the I-shaped rail.

[0008] Optionally, the fixing mechanism unit also includes a claw, which includes two L-shaped contact portions symmetrically arranged on the left and right, and the two L-shaped contact segments are connected by a movable portion, and the L-shaped contact portion includes a first contact plate and a second contact plate vertically connected in a horizontal plane, and the first contact plate is located on the outer wall surface of the second vertical plate away from the vertical trough body, and the second contact plate is located on the outer wall surface of the third vertical plate away from the vertical trough body, and the movable portion and the second contact plate are both arranged parallel to the connecting line of the two U-shaped frames.

[0009] Optionally, a linear stepper motor is fixed in the main frame through a motor fixing bracket, and the linear stepper motor transmits the driving force to the movable part through a linkage screw to realize the movement of the claw in the left and right directions; the electromagnet is started, and the electromagnet is adsorbed to the V-face, and the fixed mechanism unit is first preliminarily positioned in a direction perpendicular to the V-face, and then the linear stepper motor is operated, and the first contact plate approaches and fits tightly to the second vertical plate, thereby providing a reaction force for the outer shell to move toward the I-shaped track, so that the U-shaped frame fits tightly to the H-face, completing the positioning of the fixed mechanism unit in a direction perpendicular to the H-face, so that the U-shaped frame fits tightly to the H-face and the V-face, and realizing standard positioning.

[0010] Optionally, a back plate is fixed to the outer surface of the main frame away from the U-shaped frame, and the inner cavity of the back plate is provided with a slide rail arranged along the left and right directions. The movable part fits with the slide rail to realize the movement of the claw along the left and right directions; the side of the back plate away from the outer shell is equipped with the laser receiver through a fixing stud.

[0011] Optionally, a distance measuring unit is also included, which includes a lifting lug and a reflective target located at the top of the fixed mechanism unit, and a laser rangefinder located at the top of the track. The lifting lug is used to tie the traction rope, so that the fixed mechanism unit is gradually lowered along the track to each measuring point, and the reflective target is used to cooperate with the laser rangefinder to obtain the current position height of the fixed mechanism unit.

[0012] Optionally, a display control unit is also included, which includes a display component, a control component, a power supply component and a computing and storage component.

[0013] Optionally, the display component is an LED screen for displaying the measurement data and calculation results of each stage during the operation of the equipment; the control component is a group of buttons for controlling the start and stop of the electromagnet in the fixed mechanism unit and the moving direction of the linear stepper motor and the related operations of measurement and calculation in the display control unit; the power supply component includes a power supply battery, a laser receiver, an LED screen, buttons, a motor drive module and a connecting cable, which are used to drive and power each unit of the equipment; the calculation and storage component includes a processor and a memory, which are used to calculate the original measurement data as a straightness numerical value output and store it according to the corresponding formula.

[0014] Optionally, the frame where the I-shaped rail is located includes a plurality of frame units stacked in the vertical direction, and the I-shaped rail includes two rails symmetrically arranged on the left and right. When the left and right rails are measured respectively, the two U-shaped frames are used to be placed in the vertical grooves of the left and right rails respectively.

[0015] The present invention also provides a measuring method of the measuring system, comprising the following steps:

[0016] S1. A measurement and recording personnel should be stationed at the top of the frame in advance, and a laser transmitter fixing personnel should be stationed at the bottom;

[0017] S2. During measurement, the top cover of the frame is opened, and the top measurement personnel install the laser receiver on the fixed mechanism unit, insert the fixed mechanism unit into the track, and the contact surfaces of the fixed mechanism unit are close to the contact surfaces of the vertical groove of the track, and the inner side of the claw of the fixed mechanism unit is close to the outer side of the track. The display control unit power is turned on to power on the equipment, and the electromagnet control button is operated to make the electromagnet start working to adsorb the fixed mechanism unit on the inner side of the V surface of the track. The linear stepper motor control button is operated to move the claw of the fixed mechanism unit in the direction close to the track, thereby providing a reaction force for the shell to move toward the I-shaped track, driving the fixed mechanism unit to move to the left until the U-shaped frame fits the V surface of the track. At this time, the fixed mechanism unit is in close contact with the track on the V surface and H surface, completing a locking positioning, so that the laser measurement unit is fixed at the initial measurement point of the track;

[0018] S3. Fixing the laser transmitter: The personnel fix the laser transmitter at the bottom of the frame, directly below the track to be measured, and adjust the level with reference to the leveler built into the laser transmitter to ensure that the laser of the laser transmitter can be received by the laser receiver; connect the laser receiver and the display control unit, turn on the laser transmitter and the laser receiver, and when the screen shows that the laser receiver has received the laser of the laser transmitter and is near the center of the receiver, clear the position of the laser point to zero as the initial measurement point of the track;

[0019] S4. After the initial measurement point calibration is completed, operate the motor control button to move the claws of the fixed mechanism unit away from the track until the two are disengaged, and operate the electromagnet control button to disconnect the electromagnet and lose its suction, so that the fixed mechanism unit is in a free moving state; the top measurement personnel use the traction rope to lower the fixed mechanism unit under the action of gravity, and at the same time turn on the distance measuring unit and observe the distance data displayed on the screen. When the distance data shows that the fixed mechanism unit has reached the next measurement point, repeat the locking and positioning process in step S2 to make the contact surfaces of the fixed mechanism unit on the H surface and the V surface fit tightly, and use the display control unit to read and record the offsets H1 and V1 of the laser beam in the directions perpendicular to the H surface and perpendicular to the V surface relative to the initial measurement point during the measurement and positioning;

[0020] S5. Use the same method to lower the fixed mechanism unit to each measuring point in turn, collect the offset H2, V2, Hn, Vn, etc. of each measuring point, and after the measurement is completed, disengage the fixed mechanism unit and use the traction rope to pull it vertically back to the top of the track, and the single track data measurement is completed;

[0021] S6. Repeat the above process to complete the data collection of the left and right track measurement points.

[0022] Optionally, the method further includes the following steps:

[0023] S7. Define the measuring points at the same height of the left track and the right track as O1 and O2 respectively, define the measuring points at another same height of the left track and the right track as O3 and O4 respectively, O1, O2, O3, O4 are used as the endpoints of the track straightness statistical segment, and the whole track is combined into multiple track straightness statistical segments; subtract the offsets of O1 and O3 respectively to obtain the left-side deflection of the track straightness statistical segment, and the left-side deflection in the direction perpendicular to the H plane and the direction perpendicular to the V plane are Eh1 and Ev1 respectively; subtract the offsets of O2 and O4 respectively to obtain the right-side deflection of the track straightness statistical segment, and the right-side deflection in the direction perpendicular to the H plane and the direction perpendicular to the V plane are Eh2 and Ev2 respectively; Eh1, Ev1, Eh2, Ev2 are all positive values;

[0024] The maximum value among Eh1, Ev1, Eh2, and Ev2 is selected as the maximum deflection E1, then the relative straightness of the track straightness statistical segment is K1=arcsin(E1 / L1), L1 is the length of the track straightness statistical segment;

[0025] Calculate the relative straightness of each track straightness statistical segment in turn, and select the value with the largest relative straightness as the final straightness of the entire track;

[0026] S8. Use the calculation and storage function of the display control unit to calculate and display the track straightness according to the above formula, and store the measurement process data and calculation results in a form.

[0027] As described above, the present invention provides a system and method for measuring the straightness of an I-shaped track. The system includes a laser measuring unit, a fixed mechanism unit, a distance measuring unit and a display control unit. The laser measuring unit includes a laser receiver and a laser transmitter. The laser transmitter is used to be installed at the bottom of the frame where the I-shaped track is located. The laser receiver is fixed on the fixed mechanism unit and can move up and down along the track with the fixed mechanism unit, so as to measure the laser offset when it is located at different measuring points, and obtain the straightness of the I-shaped track by calculation. The outer shell of the fixed mechanism unit includes a main frame and a U-shaped frame fixed on both sides of the main frame and symmetrical to each other. The U-shaped frame is used to be placed in the vertical groove of the track. Through the operation of the fixed mechanism unit, the U-shaped frame is close to the H surface and the V surface to achieve standard positioning, so that the measurement result is more accurate and reliable, and the calculation error is reduced. The entire straightness measurement process only requires 2 construction workers, which can shorten the total working time by nearly 70%, greatly saving the working time and human and material resources of the slipway stage. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0028] Figure 1 Shown is a side structural schematic diagram of the frame where the I-shaped track is located.

[0029] Figure 2 Shown is a schematic cross-sectional view of the frame on which the I-shaped rail is mounted.

[0030] Figure 3 Shown is a schematic cross-section of an I-beam track.

[0031] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram showing the components of each unit of the measurement system in the present invention.

[0032] Figure 5 Shown is a schematic diagram of the top view of the fixed mechanism unit in the present invention.

[0033] Figure 6 Display as Figure 5 Side view of middle edge Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure.

[0034] Figure 7 Display as Figure 5 Side view of middle edge Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure.

[0035] Component number description

[0036] I-shaped rail 100; first vertical plate 101; second vertical plate 102; third vertical plate 103; vertical trough 104; shell 2; main frame 21; U-shaped frame 22; electromagnet 3; wire hole 5; claw 1; first contact plate 111; second contact plate 112; movable part 113; motor fixing bracket 9; linear stepping motor 8; linkage screw 6; back plate 10; fixing stud 11; laser receiver 12; fixing screw 4; cable hole 7. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0037] The following describes the embodiments of the present invention through specific examples, and those skilled in the art can easily understand other advantages and effects of the present invention from the contents disclosed in this specification. The present invention can also be implemented or applied through other different specific embodiments, and the details in this specification can also be modified or changed in various ways based on different viewpoints and applications without departing from the spirit of the present invention.

[0038] For example, when describing the embodiments of the present invention in detail, for the sake of convenience, the cross-sectional view showing the device structure will not be partially enlarged according to the general scale, and the schematic view is only an example, which should not limit the scope of protection of the present invention. In addition, in actual production, the three-dimensional space dimensions of length, width and depth should be included.

[0039] For ease of description, spatial relational terms such as "under", "below", "below", "below", "above", "on", etc. may be used herein to describe the relationship of one element or feature shown in the drawings to other elements or features. It will be understood that these spatial relational terms are intended to include other directions of the device in use or operation in addition to the directions depicted in the drawings. In addition, when a layer is referred to as being "between" two layers, it can be the only layer between the two layers, or there can be one or more intervening layers. As used herein, "between..." means including the end point values.

[0040] In the context of the present application, a structure in which a first feature is described as being "above" a second feature may include embodiments in which the first and second features are formed in direct contact, and may also include embodiments in which additional features are formed between the first and second features, such that the first and second features may not be in direct contact.

[0041] It should be noted that the illustrations provided in this embodiment are only used to illustrate the basic concept of the present invention in a schematic manner, and therefore the illustrations only show components related to the present invention rather than being drawn according to the number, shape and size of components in actual implementation. In actual implementation, the type, quantity and proportion of each component may be changed arbitrarily, and the component layout may also be more complicated.

[0042] Embodiment 1

[0043] like Figure 4 As shown, this embodiment provides a system for measuring the straightness of an I-shaped track, and the system includes a laser measuring unit, a fixing mechanism unit, a distance measuring unit and a display control unit.

[0044] The laser measurement unit includes a laser receiver and a laser transmitter. The laser transmitter can emit visible red light, has its own level adjustment device, and is powered by batteries; the laser receiver has a sensing area, a measurement accuracy of 0.001mm, and is connected to the display control unit via a cable for power supply and data transmission; the laser transmitter holder is made of aluminum alloy CNC, and its shape fits the bottom of the frame, which is used to install the laser transmitter in a fixed position at the bottom of the frame and keep a certain distance from the edge of the frame.

[0045] The laser transmitter is used to be installed at the bottom of the frame where the I-shaped track is located, and the frame includes a plurality of frame units stacked in the vertical direction. The I-shaped track 100 includes a first vertical plate 101, a second vertical plate 102 and a third vertical plate 103, and the first vertical plate 101 and the third vertical plate 103 are both vertically connected to the second vertical plate 102. The three vertical plates are mutually enclosed to form a vertical trough 104 extending along the length direction of the track, wherein the vertical edge of the first vertical plate 101 away from the second vertical plate 102 protrudes outwardly from the vertical edge of the third vertical plate 103 away from the second vertical plate 102. Along the length direction of the track, the I-shaped track includes a plurality of sections, and each section is provided with at least one measuring point, such as the upper section, middle section I, middle section II and lower section that divide the I-shaped track from top to bottom. The vertical surface where the second vertical plate intersects with the vertical trough is the H surface, and the vertical surface where the first vertical plate intersects with the vertical trough is the V surface. The I-shaped track includes two symmetrically arranged left and right.

[0046] The laser receiver is fixed on the fixed mechanism unit and can move up and down along the track with the fixed mechanism unit, so as to measure the laser offset when it is located at different measuring points. The laser measurement unit can measure the relative offset distance of the laser point of the laser transmitter on the laser receiver and display and record it on the display control unit. By moving the laser receiver at different measuring points on the track, the offset of the laser beam at each measuring point in the direction perpendicular to the H surface and the direction perpendicular to the V surface relative to the initial measuring point is obtained, and the straightness of the I-shaped track is obtained by calculation.

[0047] The fixed mechanism unit is made of aluminum alloy CNC processing or high-strength nylon 3D printing, and mainly includes a shell, a gripper, an electromagnet, a linear stepper motor and other structures. By controlling the electromagnet and the linear stepper motor, the laser measurement unit is controlled to be fixed or separated from the track. The fixed mechanism unit is as follows Figures 5 to 7 shown.

[0048] The shell 2 includes a main frame 21 and U-shaped frames 22 fixed on both sides of the main frame 21 and symmetrical to each other. The U-shaped frame 22 is used to be placed in the vertical slot 104 and the opening of the U-shaped frame 22 faces the V surface. The inner cavity of the U-shaped frame 22 is fixed with an electromagnet 3, and the working surface of the electromagnet 3 faces the H surface. After the electromagnet 3 is energized, it can adsorb and fix the entire shell to the I-shaped track. The electromagnet 3 is installed inside the U-shaped frame 22 using fixing screws 4. The panel where the U-shaped frame 22 contacts the main frame 21 is provided with a wire hole 5 to guide the control line of the electromagnet 3 into the main frame 21. When measuring the left and right tracks respectively, the two U-shaped frames 22 are used to be placed in the left and right tracks respectively.

[0049] The claw 1 includes two L-shaped contact parts that are symmetrically arranged on the left and right, and the two L-shaped contact sections are connected by a movable part 113. The L-shaped contact part includes a first contact plate 111 and a second contact plate 112 that are vertically connected in a horizontal plane. The first contact plate 111 is located on the outer wall surface of the second vertical plate 102 away from the vertical trough body 104, and the second contact plate 112 is located on the outer wall surface of the third vertical plate 103 away from the vertical trough body. The movable part and the second contact plate 112 are both arranged parallel to the connecting line of the two U-shaped frames 22.

[0050] A linear stepper motor 8 is fixed in the main frame 21 through a motor fixing bracket 9. The linear stepper motor 8 transmits the driving force to the movable part 113 through a linkage screw 6 to realize the movement of the claw 1 in the left and right directions. The linkage screw 6 penetrates the outer surface of the main frame away from the U-shaped frame. The end of the linkage screw 6 is fixedly connected to the movable part 113. The movement range of the linkage screw 6 in the left and right directions is limited by the opening on the outer surface of the U-shaped frame. The electromagnet 3 is started, and the electromagnet 3 is adsorbed to the V surface. The fixed mechanism unit is first initially positioned in a direction perpendicular to the V surface. Then the linear stepper motor 8 is operated, and the first contact plate 111 approaches and is close to the second vertical plate 102, thereby providing a reaction force for the shell to move toward the I-shaped track, so that the U-shaped frame is close to the H surface, and the positioning of the fixed mechanism unit in a direction perpendicular to the H surface is completed, so that the U-shaped frame is close to the H surface and the V surface, and the standard positioning is realized.

[0051] The outer surface of the main frame 21 away from the U-shaped frame is fixed with a back plate 10, and the inner cavity of the back plate 10 is provided with a slide rail arranged in the left and right direction, and the movable part fits with the slide rail to realize the movement of the claw in the left and right direction. The side of the back plate 10 away from the shell is installed with the laser receiver 12 through the fixing stud 11. The control and power supply cable of the laser receiver 12, the control and power supply cable of the linear stepper motor 8, and the power supply cable of the electromagnet 3 are collected and led out through the cable hole 7 opened in the main frame to connect to the display control unit.

[0052] Furthermore, it also includes a distance measuring unit, which includes a lifting lug and a reflective target located at the top of the fixed mechanism unit, and a laser rangefinder located at the top of the track. The lifting lug is used to tie the traction rope, so that the fixed mechanism unit is gradually lowered along the track to each measurement point. The reflective target is used to cooperate with the laser rangefinder to obtain the current height of the fixed mechanism unit.

[0053] The laser rangefinder is connected to the display control unit via a cable, and can continuously measure and display its relative distance to the fixed mechanism unit in real time, ensuring data measurement when the fixed mechanism unit reaches each measuring point (upper, middle I, middle II and lower measuring points).

[0054] Furthermore, it also includes a display control unit, which includes a display component, a control component, a power supply component and a computing and storage component.

[0055] The display component is an LED screen, which is used to display the measurement data and calculation results of each stage during the operation of the equipment; the control component is a set of buttons, which are used to control the start and stop of the electromagnet 3 in the fixed mechanism unit and the moving direction of the linear stepper motor 8, as well as the related operations of measurement and calculation in the display control unit. The power supply component includes a power supply battery, a laser receiver, an LED screen, buttons, a motor drive module and a connecting cable, which are used to drive and power each unit of the equipment; the calculation and storage component includes a processor and a memory, which is used to calculate the original measurement data into a straightness value output and store it according to the corresponding formula.

[0056] Embodiment 2

[0057] Based on the measurement system in the first embodiment above, this embodiment provides a measurement method, including the following steps:

[0058] S1. A measurement and recording person should be stationed on the top of the frame in advance, and a laser transmitter fixing person should be stationed at the bottom.

[0059] S2. During measurement, open the top cover of the frame, and the top measurement personnel install the laser receiver 12 on the fixed mechanism unit and insert the fixed mechanism unit into the track. Figure 5 As shown, each contact surface of the fixed mechanism unit is close to each contact surface of the vertical groove body of the track, and the inner side of the claw of the fixed mechanism unit is close to the outer side of the track. Turn on the power of the display control unit to power on the device, operate the electromagnet control button to make the electromagnet start working to adsorb the fixed mechanism unit on the inner side of the V-surface of the track, and operate the linear stepper motor control button to move the claw of the fixed mechanism unit in the direction close to the track, thereby providing a reaction force for the shell to move toward the I-shaped track, driving the fixed mechanism unit to move to the left until the U-shaped frame fits the H-surface of the track. At this time, the fixed mechanism unit is tightly attached to the track on the V-surface and the H-surface, completing a locking positioning, so that the laser measurement unit is fixed at the initial measurement point of the track.

[0060] S3. Fixing of laser transmitter The personnel fix the laser transmitter at the bottom of the frame, directly below the track to be measured, and adjust the level with reference to the leveler built into the laser transmitter to ensure that the laser of the laser transmitter can be received by the laser receiver. Connect the laser receiver and the display control unit, turn on the power of the laser transmitter and the laser receiver, and when the screen shows that the laser receiver has received the laser of the laser transmitter and is near the center of the receiver, clear the position of the laser point as the initial measurement point of the track. If it is not received or is not in the center, adjust the position of the laser transmitter until it can be received and re-fix and level it.

[0061] S4. After the initial measurement point calibration is completed, operate the motor control button to move the fixed mechanism unit claws away from the track until the two are disengaged, and operate the electromagnet control button to cut off the power to the electromagnet and lose the suction, so that the fixed mechanism unit is in a free moving state. The top measurement personnel use the traction rope to make the fixed mechanism unit descend under the action of gravity, and at the same time turn on the distance measuring unit and observe the distance data displayed on the screen. When the distance data shows that the fixed mechanism unit has reached the next measurement point, repeat the locking and positioning process in step S2 to make the contact surfaces of the fixed mechanism unit on the H surface and the V surface fit tightly, and use the display control unit to read and record the offsets H1 and V1 of the laser beam in the directions perpendicular to the H surface and perpendicular to the V surface relative to the initial measurement point during the measurement and positioning;

[0062] S 5. Use the same method to lower the fixed mechanism unit to each measuring point in turn, collect the offset H2, V2, Hn, Vn... of each measuring point, and after the measurement is completed, disengage the fixed mechanism unit and use the traction rope to pull it vertically back to the top of the track, and the single track data measurement is completed.

[0063] S6. Repeat the above process to complete the data collection of the left and right track measurement points.

[0064] S7. Define the measuring points at the same height of the left track and the right track as O1 and O2 respectively, define the measuring points at another same height of the left track and the right track as O3 and O4 respectively, O1, O2, O3, O4 are used as the endpoints of the track straightness statistical segment, and the whole track is combined into multiple track straightness statistical segments; subtract the offsets of O1 and O3 respectively to obtain the left-side deflection of the track straightness statistical segment, and the left-side deflections in the directions perpendicular to the H surface and perpendicular to the V surface are Eh1 and Ev1 respectively; subtract the offsets of O2 and O4 respectively to obtain the right-side deflection of the track straightness statistical segment, and the right-side deflections in the directions perpendicular to the H surface and perpendicular to the V surface are Eh2 and Ev2 respectively; Eh1, Ev1, Eh2, Ev2 are all positive values.

[0065] The maximum value among Eh1, Ev1, Eh2, and Ev2 is selected as the maximum deflection E1, and the relative straightness of the track straightness statistical segment is K1=arcsin(E1 / L1), where L1 is the length of the track straightness statistical segment, that is, the distance from O1 to O3 or the distance from O2 to O4.

[0066] The relative straightness of each track straightness statistical segment is calculated in turn, and the value with the largest relative straightness is selected as the final straightness of the entire track.

[0067] For example, see Figure 1, the offsets of the eight measuring points at the upper, middle I, middle II and lower sections of the left and right tracks relative to the initial measuring points in the H and V directions are counted, thus obtaining 16 sets of data: H upper left, H left I, H left II, H lower left, V upper left, V left I, V left II, V lower left and H upper right, H right I, H right II, H lower right, V upper right, V right I, V right II, V lower right.

[0068] The length from the upper measuring point to the lower measuring point is set to Lup / down, the length from the upper measuring point to the middle II measuring point is set to Lup / down, and the length from the middle I measuring point to the lower measuring point is set to Lmiddle I bottom. The offset between the upper measuring point and the lower measuring point of the track is set to Eup / down, where Eup / down is the maximum value of the four numbers |Hup / left-Hdown / left|, |Vup / left-Vdown / left|, |Hup / right-Hdown / right|, and |Vup / right-Vdown / right|. The relative straightness Kup / down between the upper measuring point and the lower measuring point of the track is arcsin(Eup / Lup / down). Similarly, the relative straightness Kup / middle II and the relative straightness Kmiddle / bottom between the upper and middle II measuring points of the track and the middle I measuring point and the lower measuring point can be obtained. The straightness of the entire track is the maximum value of Kup / down, Kup / middle II and Kmiddle / bottom.

[0069] S8. Use the calculation and storage function of the display control unit to calculate and display the track straightness according to the above formula, and store the measurement process data and calculation results in a form.

[0070] Since the traditional measurement method requires four surveyors to stay in a fixed position by holding and stepping on the frame, the measurement unit is placed and adsorbed on the inner side of the track in turn, and the measurement is passed to the next surveyor after the measurement is completed. The transfer process requires the surveyor to move up and down by stepping on the hand-held frame. The working height is nearly 10 meters, and the safety protection form can only use a hanging safety belt and wear a helmet, which poses a great safety hazard. This method can eliminate the four surveyor points inside the frame, avoid the safety hazard of personnel working in the air, and reduce safety risks.

[0071] The traditional track straightness measurement method requires 6 construction workers to work simultaneously to measure a structure. Affected by the difficulty of the operators, the measurement efficiency is low. The measurement time of a single frame is about 15-20 minutes, and the measurement of all frames requires 20-24 hours. Combined with 6 construction workers, the total working time is about 120-144 hours, and all operations are required to be carried out at dusk or at night. It takes 4-5 days in the precious slipway stage of the operation cycle, which consumes a lot of manpower, material and time resources. This method cancels the 4 measurement points in the frame, retains only the top measurement record and the bottom fixed 2 construction workers, and optimizes the equipment movement, fixation and measurement methods, reducing the measurement time of a single frame to 5-10 minutes, and the entire measurement only takes 5-10 hours, with a total working time of about 10-20 hours, which can shorten the total working time by nearly 70%, greatly saving the working time and manpower and material resources in the slipway stage.

[0072] According to the use requirements of the frame, the straightness of the measuring track between the upper section and the lower section, the upper section and the middle section II, and the middle section I and the lower section should not be greater than 0.1°. This method can effectively reduce the impact on the measurement results by setting requirements for the processing accuracy of the fixing mechanism. At the same time, combined with the close positioning method of the U-shaped frame on the H surface and the V surface, the offset measured at each measuring point is carried out under the same positioning standard, and the measurement results are more accurate and reliable, thereby reducing the calculation error.

[0073] In summary, the present invention provides a system and method for measuring the straightness of an I-shaped track. The system includes a laser measuring unit, a fixed mechanism unit, a distance measuring unit and a display control unit. The laser measuring unit includes a laser receiver and a laser transmitter. The laser transmitter is used to be installed at the bottom of the frame where the I-shaped track is located. The laser receiver is fixed on the fixed mechanism unit and can move up and down along the track with the fixed mechanism unit, so as to measure the laser offset when it is located at different measuring points, and obtain the straightness of the I-shaped track by calculation. The outer shell of the fixed mechanism unit includes a main frame and a U-shaped frame fixed on both sides of the main frame and symmetrical to each other. The U-shaped frame is used to be placed in the vertical groove of the track. Through the operation of the fixed mechanism unit, the U-shaped frame is close to the H surface and the V surface to achieve standard positioning, so that the measurement result is more accurate and reliable, and the calculation error is reduced. The entire straightness measurement process only requires 2 construction workers, which can shorten the total working time by nearly 70%, greatly saving the working time and human and material resources of the slipway stage.

[0074] The above embodiments are merely illustrative of the principles and effects of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention. Anyone familiar with the art may modify or alter the above embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, all equivalent modifications or alterations made by a person of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the spirit and technical concept disclosed by the present invention shall still be covered by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A system for measuring the straightness of an I-shaped track, characterized in that: The measuring system comprises a laser measuring unit and a fixing mechanism unit; The laser measurement unit includes a laser receiver and a laser transmitter, the laser transmitter is used to be installed at the bottom of the frame where the I-shaped track is located, the I-shaped track includes a first vertical plate, a second vertical plate and a third vertical plate, the first vertical plate and the third vertical plate are vertically connected to the second vertical plate, the three vertical plates are mutually enclosed to form a vertical trough body extending along the length direction of the track, the vertical surface where the second vertical plate and the vertical trough body intersect is an H surface, the vertical surface where the first vertical plate and the vertical trough body intersect is a V surface, along the length direction of the track, the I-shaped track includes a plurality of sections, each section is provided with at least one measuring point; the laser receiver is fixed on the fixed mechanism unit, and can move up and down along the track with the fixed mechanism unit, so as to measure the laser offset when it is located at different measuring points; The fixing mechanism unit includes an outer shell, which includes a main frame and U-shaped frames fixed on both sides of the main frame and symmetrical to each other. The U-shaped frame is used to be placed in the vertical slot body and the opening of the U-shaped frame faces the V-surface. An electromagnet is fixed to the inner cavity of the U-shaped frame, and the working surface of the electromagnet faces the V-surface. When the electromagnet is energized, the entire outer shell can be adsorbed and fixed to the I-shaped rail.

2. The I-shaped track straightness measurement system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fixing mechanism unit also includes a claw, which includes two L-shaped contact portions symmetrically arranged on the left and right, and the two L-shaped contact segments are connected by a movable portion. The L-shaped contact portion includes a first contact plate and a second contact plate vertically connected in a horizontal plane, and the first contact plate is located on the outer wall surface of the second vertical plate away from the vertical trough body, and the second contact plate is located on the outer wall surface of the third vertical plate away from the vertical trough body. The movable portion and the second contact plate are both arranged parallel to the connecting line of the two U-shaped frames.

3. The I-shaped track straightness measurement system according to claim 2, characterized in that: A linear stepper motor is fixed in the main frame through a motor fixing bracket, and the linear stepper motor transmits the driving force to the movable part through a linkage screw to realize the movement of the claw in the left and right directions; the electromagnet is started, and the electromagnet is adsorbed to the V-face, and the fixed mechanism unit is first preliminarily positioned in a direction perpendicular to the V-face, and then the linear stepper motor is operated, and the first contact plate approaches and clings to the second vertical plate, thereby providing a reaction force for the shell to move toward the I-shaped track, so that the U-shaped frame clings to the H-face, completing the positioning of the fixed mechanism unit in a direction perpendicular to the H-face, so that the U-shaped frame clings to the H-face and the V-face, and realizing standard positioning.

4. The I-shaped track straightness measurement system according to claim 3, characterized in that: A back plate is fixed to the outer surface of the main frame away from the U-shaped frame, and the inner cavity of the back plate is provided with a slide rail arranged along the left and right directions. The movable part fits with the slide rail to realize the movement of the claw along the left and right directions; the side of the back plate away from the outer shell is equipped with the laser receiver through a fixing stud.

5. The I-shaped track straightness measurement system according to claim 4, characterized in that: It also includes a distance measuring unit, which includes a lifting lug and a reflective target located on the top of the fixed mechanism unit, and a laser rangefinder located on the top of the track. The lifting lug is used to tie the traction rope, so that the fixed mechanism unit is gradually lowered along the track to each measuring point, and the reflective target is used to cooperate with the laser rangefinder to obtain the current position height of the fixed mechanism unit.

6. The I-shaped rail straightness measurement system according to claim 5, characterized in that: It also includes a display control unit, which includes a display component, a control component, a power supply component and a computing and storage component.

7. The I-shaped track straightness measurement system according to claim 6, characterized in that: The display component is an LED screen, which is used to display the measurement data and calculation results of each stage during the operation of the equipment; the control component is a group of buttons, which are used to control the start and stop of the electromagnet in the fixed mechanism unit and the moving direction of the linear stepper motor and the related operations of measurement and calculation in the display control unit; the power supply component includes a power supply battery, a laser receiver, an LED screen, buttons, a motor drive module and a connecting cable, which are used to drive and power each unit of the equipment; The calculation and storage component includes a processor and a memory, which are used to calculate the original measurement data into a straightness value output and store it according to a corresponding formula.

8. The I-shaped track straightness measurement system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The frame where the I-shaped rail is located includes multiple frame units stacked in the vertical direction. The I-shaped rail includes two rails that are symmetrically arranged on the left and right. When the left and right rails are measured respectively, the two U-shaped frames are used to be placed in the vertical grooves of the left and right rails respectively.

9. A measurement method of a measurement system according to any one of claims 7 to 8, characterized in that: The steps include: S1. A measurement and recording personnel should be stationed at the top of the frame in advance, and a laser transmitter fixing personnel should be stationed at the bottom; S2. During measurement, the top cover of the frame is opened, and the top measurement personnel install the laser receiver on the fixed mechanism unit, insert the fixed mechanism unit into the track, and the contact surfaces of the fixed mechanism unit are close to the contact surfaces of the vertical groove of the track, and the inner side of the claw of the fixed mechanism unit is close to the outer side of the track. The display control unit power is turned on to power on the equipment, and the electromagnet control button is operated to make the electromagnet start working to adsorb the fixed mechanism unit on the inner side of the V surface of the track. The linear stepper motor control button is operated to move the claw of the fixed mechanism unit in the direction close to the track, thereby providing a reaction force for the shell to move toward the I-shaped track, driving the fixed mechanism unit to move to the left until the U-shaped frame fits the V surface of the track. At this time, the fixed mechanism unit is in close contact with the track on the V surface and H surface, completing a locking positioning, so that the laser measurement unit is fixed at the initial measurement point of the track; S3. Fixing the laser transmitter: The personnel fix the laser transmitter at the bottom of the frame, directly below the track to be measured, and adjust the level with reference to the leveler built into the laser transmitter to ensure that the laser of the laser transmitter can be received by the laser receiver; connect the laser receiver and the display control unit, turn on the laser transmitter and the laser receiver, and when the screen shows that the laser receiver has received the laser of the laser transmitter and is near the center of the receiver, clear the position of the laser point to zero as the initial measurement point of the track; S4. After the initial measurement point calibration is completed, operate the motor control button to move the claws of the fixed mechanism unit away from the track until the two are disengaged, and operate the electromagnet control button to disconnect the electromagnet and lose its suction, so that the fixed mechanism unit is in a free moving state; the top measurement personnel use the traction rope to lower the fixed mechanism unit under the action of gravity, and at the same time turn on the distance measuring unit and observe the distance data displayed on the screen. When the distance data shows that the fixed mechanism unit has reached the next measurement point, repeat the locking and positioning process in step S2 to make the contact surfaces of the fixed mechanism unit on the H surface and the V surface fit tightly, and use the display control unit to read and record the offsets H1 and V1 of the laser beam in the directions perpendicular to the H surface and perpendicular to the V surface relative to the initial measurement point during the measurement and positioning; S5. Use the same method to lower the fixed mechanism unit to each measuring point in turn, collect the offset H2, V2, Hn, Vn, etc. of each measuring point, and after the measurement is completed, disengage the fixed mechanism unit and use the traction rope to pull it vertically back to the top of the track, and the single track data measurement is completed; S6. Repeat the above process to complete the data collection of the left and right track measurement points.

10. The measuring method according to claim 9, characterized in that: The following steps are also included: S7. Define the measuring points at the same height of the left track and the right track as O1 and O2 respectively, define the measuring points at another same height of the left track and the right track as O3 and O4 respectively, O1, O2, O3, O4 are used as the endpoints of the track straightness statistical segment, and the whole track is combined into multiple track straightness statistical segments; subtract the offsets of O1 and O3 respectively to obtain the left-side deflection of the track straightness statistical segment, and the left-side deflection in the direction perpendicular to the H plane and the direction perpendicular to the V plane are Eh1 and Ev1 respectively; subtract the offsets of O2 and O4 respectively to obtain the right-side deflection of the track straightness statistical segment, and the right-side deflection in the direction perpendicular to the H plane and the direction perpendicular to the V plane are Eh2 and Ev2 respectively; Eh1, Ev1, Eh2, Ev2 are all positive values; The maximum value among Eh1, Ev1, Eh2, and Ev2 is selected as the maximum deflection E1, then the relative straightness of the track straightness statistical segment is K1=arcsin(E1 / L1), L1 is the length of the track straightness statistical segment; Calculate the relative straightness of each track straightness statistical segment in turn, and select the value with the largest relative straightness as the final straightness of the entire track; S8. Use the calculation and storage function of the display control unit to calculate and display the track straightness according to the above formula, and store the measurement process data and calculation results in a form.

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