A multi-cutter rotary conical surface rock-breaking test device and test method

Abstract

The present invention provides a multi-cutter rotary conical surface rock-breaking test device and test method, which relates to the cutting technology of cutters and includes a plastic structure, a leveling structure and a cutter head structure. The cutter head structure is used to accommodate concrete. The leveling structure has a rotary lifting component and a scraper, and the horizontal angle of the scraper is variable. The rotary lifting component drives the scraper to rotate, so as to scrape the upper surface of the concrete to form a conical surface. The cutter head structure has cutters with variable hob angles. A relative rotation can occur between the cutter head structure and the concrete, so as to simulate the rock breaking of the rotary conical surface of the cutter. By integrating the production of the conical surface rock surface, the position and angle adjustment of the cutter into one device, the present application can realize the multi-cutter conical surface rock-breaking test. Before the test, the cone angle of the rock surface, the angle of the cutter and the cutter spacing can be flexibly adjusted to explore the rock-breaking performance under different test conditions. Moreover, the hob angle can be flexibly adjusted and has a larger adjustment range.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to hob cutting technology, and particularly to a multi-hob rotary conical surface rock-breaking test device and a test method. Background Art

[0002] A full-face tunnel boring machine is a large and complex complete set of equipment for tunnel boring that integrates functions such as tunneling, muck discharging, and lining, and is a basic equipment for the construction of high-speed railways, highways, subways, water conservancy, etc. Under most stratum conditions, a planar cutterhead has been widely used. However, under certain special stratum conditions, such as in the inclined shaft tunneling project under extremely hard rock geological conditions, the rock-breaking rate and muck discharging efficiency of the planar cutterhead are lower than those of the conical cutterhead. The conical cutterhead adopts a conical structure, with higher muck discharging efficiency, structural strength, and stiffness, and has better tunneling performance and geological adaptability. Since the conical cutterhead is divided into multiple levels, the first level contacts the rock mass first to break the rock and provides a free surface for the subsequent levels. The subsequent multiple levels of cutterheads break the rock under the condition of a free face, resulting in a significant improvement in the rock-breaking efficiency compared with the traditional planar cutterhead. In the inclined shaft tunneling project under extremely hard rock geological conditions, the design of the conical structure cutterhead has become a trend.

[0003] Most of the existing hob cutting rock-breaking test benches are used for linear rock-breaking on a horizontal rock surface, and cannot fully simulate the actual working conditions of hob rotary conical surface rock-breaking, making it difficult to obtain the mechanical property parameters related to the rock-breaking process and the variation law of the rotary rock-breaking performance of the conical hob, and unable to provide a theoretical basis for the structural design of the conical cutterhead and the optimization of tool arrangement. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The present invention provides a multi-hob rotary conical surface rock-breaking test device and a test method, aiming to provide a device for manufacturing a conical rock surface and conical rock-breaking, and solving the problem that it is difficult to obtain the rotary rock-breaking performance of the conical hob under the working conditions of conical rock-breaking of the existing rock-breaking test bench.

[0005] To achieve the above object, an embodiment of the present invention provides a multi-hob rotary conical surface rock-breaking test device, including:

[0006] A plastic structure, including an inner cylinder and an outer cylinder, the inner cylinder is coaxial with the outer cylinder, the inner cylinder is arranged inside the outer cylinder and forms an annular cavity for pouring concrete with the outer cylinder, and the outer cylinder can rotate self-rotation;

[0007] A smoothing structure for smoothing the concrete to form a conical surface, arranged in the inner cylinder, including an installation cylinder, the installation cylinder is fixedly connected to the inner cylinder coaxially, a rotary lifting component, a telescopic component, and a scraper component are arranged in the inner cylinder, the telescopic component is arranged in the radial direction of the rotary lifting component, the scraper component is arranged on the telescopic component, the telescopic component drives the scraper component to move in the radial direction of the rotary lifting component, and the scraper component includes a scraper with a variable horizontal angle;

[0008] The cutter head structure is arranged above the leveling structure. The cutter head structure can move in the vertical direction. The cutter head structure includes at least three cutter head tracks, and the multiple cutter head tracks are arranged radially. The included angle between the cutter head tracks is the polar angle θ. A cutter seat with a hob is arranged on each cutter head track. The cutter seat can slide relative to the cutter head track and is fixed on the cutter head track. The hob inclination angle α of the hob is variable.

[0009] Preferably, the multi-hob rotary conical surface rock breaking test device further includes a top plate and a bottom plate;

[0010] A rotating unit is arranged on the bottom plate, and the rotating unit is connected to the outer cylinder to drive the outer cylinder to rotate self - sufficiently;

[0011] The top plate is provided with a first linear module, and the first linear module is connected to the cutter head structure to drive the cutter head structure to lift and apply different loading forces to the hob.

[0012] Preferably, the rotary lifting assembly includes a rotating unit and a lifting unit, and the rotating unit is arranged on the lifting unit;

[0013] The lifting unit includes a fixed plate, a moving plate arranged below the fixed plate, and a second linear module. The second linear module drives the moving plate to move in the vertical direction;

[0014] The rotating unit is arranged on the moving plate. The rotating unit includes a rotating bin arranged above the installation cylinder and a main shaft arranged in the installation cylinder. The upper end of the main shaft passes through the rotating bin along the axial direction of the rotating bin and has a clearance fit with the rotating bin. A side window is opened on the side of the rotating bin, and the telescopic assembly passes through the side window and is connected to the main shaft;

[0015] A first driving motor is arranged on the moving plate, and the first driving motor is used to drive the main shaft to rotate.

[0016] Preferably, the scraper assembly further includes a scraper bin, a storage bin, and a first connecting arm. The storage bin is connected to the telescopic assembly. One end of the scraper bin is connected to the storage bin. The scraper bin and the storage bin can rotate relative to each other and be fixed. The other end of the scraper bin is hinged to the scraper. One end of the first connecting arm is hinged to the scraper bin, and the other end is hinged to the scraper;

[0017] The first connecting arm is telescopic.

[0018] Preferably, the telescopic assembly includes a second connecting arm and a third connecting arm, the second connecting arm and the third connecting arm are hinged in an X shape, a connecting portion is provided at the upper end inside the rotating bin, the first end of the second connecting arm is hinged to the storage bin, the second end is hinged to the main shaft, the first end of the third connecting arm is hinged to the storage bin, and the second end is hinged to the connecting portion.

[0019] Preferably, the cutter head structure further includes a cutter head, a cutter head edge is formed below the cutter head, and a cutter head ring cavity for accommodating the cutter head track is formed between the cutter head edge and the cutter head;

[0020] The cutter head structure further includes a connecting piece;

[0021] The cutter head track has a connecting end and a free end, the connecting piece passes through the connecting ends of the cutter head tracks and fixes the polar angle θ between the cutter head tracks, the free ends of the cutter head tracks are arranged in the cutter head ring cavity, a heightening block is further arranged on the cutter head edge, and fixing bolts for fixing the heightening block on the cutter head edge are arranged on the heightening block.

[0022] Preferably, the cutter holder includes oppositely arranged side plates and a cutter holder base plate, the two side plates are arranged on the cutter holder base plate, a rotating shaft is penetrated through the side plates, a cutter holder for installing a hob is arranged between the two side plates, and the cutter holder is fixedly connected with the rotating shaft;

[0023] A driving gear connected to the rotating shaft is further arranged on the outer side of the side plate, the driving gear meshes with a driving rack, and the driving rack drives the rotating shaft to rotate through translation so as to change the hob inclination angle α.

[0024] Preferably, a cover body is further arranged on the outer side of the side plate, the cover body covers the driving gear and the driving rack, adjusting bolts are arranged on the cover body in opposite directions, the two adjusting bolts are screwed on the cover body, and the two adjusting bolts are used for abutting against the two ends of the length of the driving rack to lock the driving rack.

[0025] The present application further provides a test method for a multi-hob rotary conical surface rock breaking test, adopting the foregoing multi-hob rotary conical surface rock breaking test device, including:

[0026] S10. Add concrete into the ring cavity and level the upper surface of the concrete to form a conical surface;

[0027] S20. After the concrete is initially solidified, remove the leveling structure and the inner cylinder;

[0028] S30. Based on the test requirements, adjust the polar angle θ, the cutter spacing d of each hob, and the hob inclination angle α;

[0029] S40. After the concrete is completely solidified, the cutter head structure descends, and the outer cylinder rotates self to break the rock surface.

[0030] Preferably, the cutter spacing d of the hob is obtained based on the polar radius ρ of each hob;

[0031] Cutting tool seats with different thicknesses are selected based on the cutter height difference of the hob to ensure that each hob contacts the rock surface.

[0032] The above solution of the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0033] By integrating the production of the conical rock surface, the position and angle adjustment of the hob into one device, the present application can realize the multi-hob conical rock breaking test. Before the test, the conical angle of the rock surface, the angle and cutter spacing of the hob can be flexibly adjusted to explore the rock breaking performance under different test conditions. Moreover, the inclination angle of the hob can be flexibly adjusted, with a larger adjustment range.

[0034] Other features and advantages of the present invention will be described in detail in the subsequent specific implementation section. Description of the Drawings

[0035] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 2 is Figure 1 longitudinal sectional view of;

[0037] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the shaping structure and the smoothing structure;

[0038] Figure 4 is Figure 3 longitudinal sectional view of;

[0039] Figure 5 is a longitudinal sectional view of the rotary lifting assembly;

[0040] Figure 6 is a bottom view of the cutter head structure;

[0041] Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of the cutter head track and the cutter tool seat;

[0042] Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of the cutter tool seat;

[0043] Figure 9 is a schematic diagram of the polar angle and polar radius of each cutter head track, where: (a) is a schematic diagram of different polar radii when the polar angle is 120°; (b) is a schematic diagram of the same polar radius when the polar angle is 90°; (c) is a schematic diagram of the same polar radius when the polar angle is 30°;

[0044] Figure 10 is a schematic diagram of the cutter height difference and the cutter spacing;

[0045] Figure 11It is a schematic diagram of the hob inclination angle of the hob. Specific embodiments

[0046] To make the technical problems, technical solutions and advantages to be solved by the present invention clearer, the following will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0047] As Figures 1-11 shown, an embodiment of the present invention provides a multi-hob rotary conical surface rock-breaking test device, including a shaping structure 100, a leveling structure 200 and a cutter head structure 300. The shaping structure 100 includes an inner cylinder 110 and an outer cylinder 120. The inner cylinder 110 is detachably arranged inside the outer cylinder 120, and the inner cylinder 110 and the outer cylinder 120 are coaxially arranged. A ring cavity for pouring concrete is formed between the inner cylinder 110 and the outer cylinder 120, and the outer cylinder 120 can rotate around its own rotation axis. A leveling structure 200 is arranged in the inner cylinder 110. The leveling structure 200 is used to level the concrete in the ring cavity to form a conical surface required for the test. Specifically, the leveling structure 200 includes an installation cylinder 210, which is coaxially arranged with the inner cylinder 110 and fixed in the inner cylinder 110. A rotary lifting assembly 220, a telescopic assembly 230 and a scraper assembly 240 are arranged in the inner cylinder 110. The telescopic assembly 230 is arranged radially of the rotary lifting assembly 220, and the telescopic assembly 230 can extend radially of the rotary lifting assembly 220. The aforementioned scraper assembly 240 is arranged on the telescopic assembly 230. The scraper assembly 240 is driven by the telescopic assembly 230. At the same time, the scraper assembly 240 and the telescopic assembly 230 are driven by the rotary lifting assembly 220 to move along the axis of the rotary lifting assembly 220 or rotate around the axis, so that the scraper assembly 240 can level the upper surface of the concrete. The scraper assembly 240 includes a scraper 241, and the horizontal angle of the scraper 241 is variable. The horizontal angle refers to the angle between the scraper 241 and the horizontal plane, and this angle is also the conical surface angle β formed by the concrete.

[0048] The cutter head structure 300 is arranged above the leveling structure 200. The cutter head structure 300 can move in the vertical direction. The cutter head structure 300 includes at least three cutter head tracks 310. The multiple cutter head tracks 310 are arranged radially. The included angle between the cutter head tracks 310 is the polar angle θ. A cutter seat 320 is also arranged on each cutter head track 310. A hob 321 is arranged on the cutter seat 320. The cutter seat 320 can slide along the length direction of the cutter head track 310 and is fixed on the cutter head track 310. The distance between the cutter seat 320 and the radiation center is the polar radius ρ. The hob 321 is rotatably arranged on the cutter seat 320. The hob 321 and the conical surface form a hob inclination angle α, and the hob inclination angle α is variable.

[0049] In this application, the test device can fabricate conical surfaces with different cone angle β according to different test requirements, and use the lifting of the cutter head structure 300 to conduct rock breaking tests on the conical surfaces. During the rock breaking tests, the polar angle θ, the polar radius ρ, and the hob inclination angle α can be adjusted to explore the mechanical properties and loading laws of rock breaking on conical surfaces under different conditions.

[0050] The multi-hob rotary conical surface rock breaking test device further includes a top plate 400 and a bottom plate 500. Opposite support wallboards are provided between the top plate 400 and the bottom plate 500. A rotating unit 510 is provided on the bottom plate 500, and the rotating unit 510 is connected to the outer cylinder 120 to drive the outer cylinder 120 to rotate. A first linear module is provided on the top plate 400. The first linear module is connected to the cutter head structure 300 to drive the cutter head structure 300 to lift and apply pressure to the cutter head structure 300, so that the hob 321 bears different loading forces.

[0051] In this embodiment, one end of the first linear module is fixed on the top plate 400, and the other end is fixed on the cutter head structure 300. The telescopic movement of the first linear module is used to drive the lifting of the cutter head structure 300 and apply the loading force. The first linear module can be a structure that realizes the linear movement of the cutter head structure 300, such as an electric push rod or a lead screw assembly.

[0052] In this embodiment, the rotating unit 510 is a turntable. The turntable is equipped with its own motor and has good load-bearing capacity. The turntable drives the outer cylinder 120 to rotate.

[0053] Furthermore, the rotary lifting assembly 220 includes a rotating unit 221 and a lifting unit 222, where the rotating unit 221 drives the lifting unit 222 to move.

[0054] The aforementioned lifting unit 222 includes a fixed plate 222a, a moving plate 222b, and a second linear module 222c. The moving plate 222b is arranged below the fixed plate 222a. The second linear module 222c is arranged on the fixed plate 222a and fixedly connected to the moving plate 222b. The second linear module 222c can drive the moving plate 222b to move, thereby changing the distance between the fixed plate 222a and the moving plate 222b. In this embodiment, the second linear module 222c is a lead screw structure. Specifically, the second linear module 222c includes a second driving motor, a lead screw, and a guiding rod. The second driving motor is fixed in the inner cylinder 110 and is in transmission connection with the lead screw. The lead screw passes through the moving plate 222b and the fixed plate 222a in sequence. The lead screw is in screw connection with the moving plate 222b and is in rotational connection with the fixed plate 222a. The guiding rod passes through the fixed plate 222a and the moving plate 222b in sequence. When the lead screw rotates, the moving plate 222b moves up and down along the guiding rod.

[0055] The aforementioned rotating unit 221 is disposed on the moving plate 222b. The rotating unit 221 includes a rotating bin 221a disposed above the mounting cylinder 210 and a main shaft 221b. A first driving motor is disposed at the lower end of the main shaft 221b, and the first driving motor is fixed on the moving plate 222b. The upper end of the main shaft 221b sequentially passes through the fixed plate 222a and the rotating bin 221a. Specifically, a first central through hole is provided on the fixed plate 222a. The rotating bin 221a includes a rotating cylinder and a bottom cover fixedly connected to the rotating cylinder. The rotating cylinder is disposed on the bottom cover, and a second central through hole is provided on the bottom cover. The upper end of the main shaft 221b passes through the first central through hole and the second central through hole and is in clearance fit with the first central through hole and the second central through hole. A side window 221c is provided on the side surface of the rotating cylinder, and the telescopic assembly 230 passes through the side window 221c and is connected to the main shaft 221b.

[0056] The aforementioned telescopic assembly 230 includes a second connecting arm 231 and a third connecting arm 232. The second connecting arm 231 and the third connecting arm 232 are hinged in an X shape. A connecting portion is provided inside the rotating bin 221a. Preferably, the connecting portion is provided at the inner top end of the rotating cylinder. A first hinge seat is provided on the connecting portion, and a second hinge seat is provided at the upper end of the main shaft 221b. The first end of the second connecting arm 231 is hinged to the scraper 241 structure, and the second end is hinged to the second hinge seat. The first end of the third connecting arm 232 is hinged to the scraper 241 structure, and the second end is hinged to the first hinge seat.

[0057] Since the main shaft 221b is disposed on the moving plate 222b through the first driving motor, when the moving plate 222b moves up and down, the upper end of the main shaft 221b moves accordingly. The telescopic assembly 230 is in an X shape. When the distance between the first hinge seat and the second hinge seat changes, the telescopic assembly 230 opens at different angles, so that the scraper 241 structure moves in the radial direction of the rotating unit 221. When the first driving motor works, it drives the main shaft 221b to rotate. At this time, the telescopic assembly 230 passes through the side window 221c. When the main shaft 221b drives the telescopic assembly 230 to rotate, the telescopic assembly 230 applies the rotational force to the side window 221c and drives the rotating bin 221a to rotate at the same time.

[0058] Preferably, an avoidance groove 221d is further provided in the radial direction of the bottom cover. The number of the avoidance grooves 221d is the same as that of the scraper 241 structures. The avoidance groove 221d is recessed from the edge of the bottom cover towards the center of the bottom cover. The avoidance groove 221d is used to accommodate the scraper assembly 240, so that the scraper assembly 240 has a smaller volume after being accommodated and is more convenient to remove.

[0059] The foregoing scraper assembly 240 includes a scraper bin 242, a storage bin 243, and a first connecting arm 244. The storage bin 243 is connected to the telescopic assembly 230, specifically, the storage bin 243 is rotationally connected to the second connecting arm 231 and the third connecting arm 232. The upper end of the foregoing storage bin 243 is rotationally connected to the scraper bin 242, and the scraper bin 242 can rotate relative to the storage bin 243 and maintain a fixed angle. In this embodiment, a first groove is provided on one side of the storage bin 243 facing the scraper bin 242, and the scraper bin 242 is connected within the first groove. The scraper bin 242 and the storage bin 243 are connected by bolts, and the bolts pass through the tops of the scraper bin 242 and the storage bin 243, so that the scraper bin 242 can rotate relative to the storage bin 243. When nuts are assembled on the bolts, the scraper bin 242 can be clamped within the first groove to achieve the fixation of the scraper bin 242 relative to the storage bin 243.

[0060] The lower end of the scraper bin 242 is hinged to the scraper 241, and both ends of the first connecting arm 244 are respectively hinged to the scraper bin 242 and the scraper 241, such that the first connecting arm 244, the scraper 241, and the scraper bin 242 form a triangular shape. A second groove for storing the scraper 241 is provided on one side of the scraper bin 242 facing the scraper 241. The first connecting arm 244 is telescopic and can adopt structures such as electric push rods. By the telescoping of the first connecting arm 244, the horizontal angle of the scraper 241 can be adjusted, thereby forming conical surfaces at different angles on the concrete surface.

[0061] The foregoing cutter head structure 300 further includes a cutter head 330 and a cutter head edge 340. The cutter head edge 340 is provided below the cutter head 330. The cutter head edge 340 is annular, and the outer diameter of the cutter head edge 340 is the same as the diameter of the cutter head 330. The cutter head edge 340 and the cutter head 330 form a cutter head ring cavity in the vertical direction. The foregoing cutter head tracks 310 are provided within the cutter head ring cavity.

[0062] The cutter head structure 300 further includes a connecting member 350. Each of the cutter head tracks 310 has a connecting end and a free end. The connecting member 350 passes through the connecting ends of the cutter head tracks 310 and can fix the polar angle θ between the cutter head tracks 310. The change and fixation of the polar angle θ between the cutter head tracks 310 can refer to the fixation method of the scraper bin 242 and the storage bin 243. Place each of the cutter head tracks 310 below the cutter head 330 and keep the connecting member 350 coaxial with the cutter head 330. The free ends of each of the cutter head tracks 310 are located within the cutter head ring cavity. A heightening block 360 is further formed on the cutter head edge 340, and fixing bolts are provided on the heightening block 360 for fixing the relative positions of the heightening block 360 and the cutter head edge 340, thereby preventing the cutter head tracks 310 from sliding during rock breaking.

[0063] Preferably, a guiding plate 370 is further provided between the cutter head 330 and the first linear module. The guiding plate 370 is fixedly connected to the first linear module and the cutter head 330 respectively. A sliding structure is provided between the guiding plate 370 and the supporting plate. The sliding structure guides the cutter head 330 to move in the vertical direction, so as to prevent the cutter head 330 from twisting during rock breaking. The sliding structure can be a conventional sliding structure.

[0064] The aforementioned tool holder 320 includes side plates 322 and a tool holder base plate 323. Two side plates 322 are oppositely arranged on the tool holder base plate 323. Rotating shafts 324 are respectively passed through the two side plates 322. A tool rest 325 is further provided between the two side plates 322. The tool rest 325 is used to mount the hob 321. The two rotating shafts 324 are fixedly connected to the tool rest 325. When the rotating shaft 324 rotates, it can drive the tool rest 325 to rotate, thereby realizing the change of the hob inclination angle α.

[0065] Preferably, a chute is further provided in the length direction of the cutter head track 310. A sliding bolt is passed through the chute and screwed to the tool holder base plate 323, so that the tool holder base plate 323 can not only slide relative to the cutter head track 310, but also the tool holder base plate 323 can be removed for single-cutter free-face rock breaking test.

[0066] Specifically, a driving gear 326 is provided outside one of the side plates 322. The driving gear 326 is connected to the rotating shaft 324. The driving gear 326 is also meshed with a driving rack 327. When the driving rack 327 translates, it drives the driving gear 326 to rotate, thereby adjusting the rotation of the hob inclination angle α. Preferably, a spline connection is provided between the rotating shaft 324 and the driving gear 326.

[0067] Furthermore, in order to realize the self-locking of the driving rack 327, a cover body 328 is further provided outside the side plate 322 provided with the driving gear 326. The cover body 328 covers the driving gear 326 and the driving rack 327. Screw holes are opened on two opposite surfaces of the cover body 328. Two adjusting bolts 329 are respectively screwed into the two screw holes. The two adjusting bolts 329 are respectively located in the length direction of the driving rack 327 and can abut against the driving rack 327.

[0068] In this embodiment, two adjusting bolts 329 are used to adjust the driving rack 327 in a way of one advancing and one retreating to change the hob inclination angle α. During the adjustment, one of the adjusting bolts 329 is retracted to leave space for the advancement of the driving rack 327, and the other adjusting bolt 329 pushes the driving rack 327 to move in the direction of the retracted adjusting bolt 329. When the hob inclination angle α meets the requirements, the movement of the driving rack 327 is stopped, and the two adjusting bolts 329 are tightened so that the two adjusting bolts 329 are abutted against both ends of the driving rack 327 to achieve self-locking of the driving rack 327, thereby ensuring that the hob inclination angle α will not change during rock breaking.

[0069] The present application also provides a test method for a multi-hob rotary conical surface rock breaking test, using the aforementioned multi-hob rotary conical surface rock breaking test device, including the following steps:

[0070] S10. Add concrete into the annular cavity.

[0071] Before adding concrete into the annular cavity, the inner cylinder 110 and the leveling structure 200 are installed in the outer cylinder 120, and the inner cylinder 110 and the outer cylinder 120 are kept coaxial. Radial limiting members can be added between the inner cylinder 110 and the outer cylinder 120 to prevent the axial non-collinearity of the inner cylinder 110 and the outer cylinder 120 when adding concrete. Of course, the positions of the inner cylinder 110 and the outer cylinder 120 can also be adjusted at any time when adding concrete to maintain their coaxiality.

[0072] According to the test requirements, confirm the required rock surface angle, adjust the horizontal angle β of the scraper 241 according to the rock surface angle, drive the leveling structure 200 to rotate, and level the upper surface of the concrete to form a conical surface.

[0073] S20. After the concrete is initially solidified, remove the leveling structure 200 and the inner cylinder 110.

[0074] Removing the inner cylinder 110 in the initial stage of concrete solidification can not only prevent the concrete from collapsing due to the loss of the support of the inner cylinder 110, but also prevent the concrete from solidifying on the inner cylinder 110, which is convenient for disassembly.

[0075] When removing the leveling structure 200, the lifting assembly descends, the telescopic assembly 230 contracts, driving the scraper assembly 240 to move towards the center of the leveling structure 200. At the same time, the scraper assembly 240 stores the scraper 241 in the scraper bin 242, and stores the scraper bin 242 and the scraper 241 in the storage bin 243 to reduce the volume of the leveling structure 200.

[0076] S30. Based on the test requirements, adjust the polar angle θ, the cutter spacing d of each hob 321, and the hob inclination angle α.

[0077] Measure the distance ρ of each hob 321 from the radiation center to obtain the cutter spacing d between each hob 321.

[0078] Select tool holders 320 with different functional thicknesses based on the height difference of the hobs 321 to ensure that each hob 321 contacts the rock surface.

[0079] Taking three cutter head tracks 310 and each cutter head track 310 as an example, the three cutter head tracks 310 are the first cutter head track 310a, the second cutter head track 310b, and the third cutter head track 310c. Correspondingly, a tool holder 320 is provided on each cutter head track 310, which are the first tool holder 320a, the second tool holder 320b, and the third tool holder 320c respectively.

[0080] First, adjust the polar angle θ between each cutter head track 310. The polar angle θ of the cutter head track 310 is adjusted according to the test requirements. The polar angle θ is the clockwise angle between the current cutter head track and the reference cutter head track. As Figure 9 a- Figure 9 shown in c, the polar angle θ can be set in various ways according to the test requirements. Taking Figure 9 a as an example, the first cutter head track 310a is the reference cutter head track, and the polar angle θ of the first cutter head track 310a 1 is 0°, the polar angle of the second cutter head track 310b is the angle between the second cutter head track 310b and the reference cutter head track 310, that is, θ 2 = 120°, and the polar angle of the third cutter head track 310c is the angle between the third cutter head track 310c and the reference cutter head track 310, that is, θ 3 = 240°.

[0081] Secondly, measure the distance ρ of the first tool holder 320a from the radiation center 1 , the distance ρ of the second tool holder 320b from the radiation center 2 , and the distance ρ of the third tool holder 320c from the radiation center 3 . ρ 1 , ρ 2 , ρ 3 are the polar radii of each tool holder 320. Calculate the cutter spacing d between the first tool holder 320a and the second tool holder 320b 1 , the cutter spacing d between the third tool holder 320c and the second tool holder 320b 2 . d 1 = ρ 2 - ρ 1 , d 2 = ρ 3 - ρ 2 .

[0082] Next, calculate the cutter height difference Δh of multiple hob cutters 321. The cutter height difference between two adjacent hob cutters 321 is the product of the cutter spacing between two adjacent hob cutters 321 and tanβ.

[0083] In this embodiment, Δh 1 = (ρ 2 - ρ 1 ) tanβ = d 1 tanβ, Δh 2 = (ρ 3 - ρ 2 ) tanβ = d 2 tanβ.

[0084] Finally, adjust the hob inclination angle α of each hob cutter 321.

[0085] S40. After the concrete is completely solidified, the cutter head structure 300 descends to ensure that the hob cutter 321 contacts the rock surface, and the outer cylinder 120 rotates self - sufficiently to break the rock on the rock surface. During the rock - breaking process, the cutter head structure 300 can apply different loading forces to the hob cutter 321.

[0086] S50. Change the horizontal angle β, polar angle θ, cutter spacing d, and hob inclination angle α of the scraper 241, and repeat steps S10 - S40 to explore the conical surface rotary rock - breaking law under different rock surface inclination angles, hob inclination angles, and cutter spacings of the hob cutter 321.

[0087] The above - mentioned is the preferred implementation manner of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for those of ordinary skill in the art of this technology, without departing from the principle described in the present invention, several improvements and refinements can be made, and these improvements and refinements should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A multi-roller rotary cone rock breaking test device, characterized in that: include: A shaping structure (100) comprises an inner cylinder (110) and an outer cylinder (120), wherein the inner cylinder (110) is coaxial with the outer cylinder (120), the inner cylinder (110) is arranged inside the outer cylinder (120) and forms an annular cavity for pouring concrete with the outer cylinder (120), and the outer cylinder (120) is capable of self-rotation; A smoothing structure (200) for smoothing concrete to form a conical surface, arranged in the inner cylinder (110), comprising a mounting cylinder (210), the mounting cylinder (210) being coaxially fixedly connected to the inner cylinder (110), the inner cylinder (110) being provided with a rotating lifting assembly (220), a telescopic assembly (230) and a scraper assembly (240), the telescopic assembly (230) being arranged in a radial direction of the rotating lifting assembly (220), the scraper assembly (240) being arranged on the telescopic assembly (230), the telescopic assembly (230) driving the scraper assembly (240) to move in a radial direction of the rotating lifting assembly (220), and the scraper assembly (240) comprising a scraper (241) capable of changing a horizontal angle; A cutter disc structure (300) is arranged above the trowel structure (200); the cutter disc structure (300) is movable in a vertical direction; the cutter disc structure (300) comprises at least three cutter disc tracks (310); the plurality of cutter disc tracks (310) are arranged radially; the included angle between the cutter disc tracks (310) is a polar angle θ; a cutter seat (320) having a roller cutter (321) is arranged on each cutter disc track (310); the cutter seat (320) is capable of sliding relative to the cutter disc track (310) and being fixed on the cutter disc track (310); and the roller cutter inclination angle α of the roller cutter (321) is variable.

2. The multi-roller rotary cone rock breaking test device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The multi-roller rotary cone rock breaking test device also includes a top plate (400) and a bottom plate (500); A rotating unit (510) is disposed on the bottom plate (500), and the rotating unit (510) is connected to the outer cylinder (120) to drive the outer cylinder (120) to rotate. A first linear module is arranged on the top plate (400), and the first linear module is connected to the cutter disc structure (300) to drive the cutter disc structure (300) to rise and fall and to apply different loading forces to the roller cutter (321).

3. The multi-roller rotary cone rock breaking test device according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The rotating and lifting assembly (220) comprises a rotating unit (221) and a lifting unit (222); the rotating unit (221) is arranged on the lifting unit (222); The lifting unit (222) comprises a fixed plate (222a), a movable plate (222b) arranged below the fixed plate (222a), and a second linear module (222c), wherein the second linear module (222c) drives the movable plate (222b) to move in a vertical direction; The rotating unit (221) is arranged on the movable plate (222b), and the rotating unit (221) comprises a rotating bin (221a) arranged above the mounting tube (210) and a main shaft (221b) arranged in the mounting tube (210); the upper end of the main shaft (221b) is arranged in the rotating bin (221a) along the axial direction of the rotating bin (221a) and is clearance-matched with the rotating bin (221a); ​​a side window (221c) is provided on the side of the rotating bin (221a); ​​and the telescopic assembly (230) is arranged in the side window (221c) and is connected to the main shaft (221b); The moving plate (222b) is provided with a first driving motor, and the first driving motor is used to drive the main shaft (221b) to rotate.

4. The multi-roller rotary cone rock breaking test device according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The scraper assembly (240) further comprises a scraper bin (242), a storage bin (243) and a first connecting arm (244); the storage bin (243) is connected to the telescopic assembly (230); one end of the scraper bin (242) is connected to the storage bin (243); the scraper bin (242) and the storage bin (243) are relatively rotatable and fixed; the other end of the scraper bin (242) is hinged to the scraper (241); one end of the first connecting arm (244) is hinged to the scraper bin (242), and the other end is hinged to the scraper (241); The first connecting arm (244) is retractable.

5. The multi-roller rotary cone rock breaking test device according to claim 4 is characterized in that: The telescopic assembly (230) comprises a second connecting arm (231) and a third connecting arm (232), the second connecting arm (231) and the third connecting arm (232) being hinged in an X shape, a connecting portion being provided at the upper end inside the rotating bin (221a), a first end of the second connecting arm (231) being hinged to the storage bin (243), and a second end being hinged to the main shaft (221b), and a first end of the third connecting arm (232) being hinged to the storage bin (243), and a second end being hinged to the connecting portion.

6. The multi-roller rotary cone rock breaking test device according to claim 5 is characterized in that: The cutter disc structure (300) further comprises a cutter disc (330), a cutter disc edge (340) being formed below the cutter disc (330), and a cutter disc annular cavity for accommodating the cutter disc track (310) being formed between the cutter disc edge (340) and the cutter disc (330); The cutter head structure (300) further includes a connecting member (350); The cutter disc rail (310) has a connecting end and a free end, the connecting member (350) is passed through the connecting end of each cutter disc rail (310) and fixes the polar angle θ between each cutter disc rail (310), the free end of each cutter disc rail (310) is arranged in the cutter disc annular cavity, and a padding block (360) is also arranged on the cutter disc edge (340), and a fixing bolt for fixing the padding block (360) to the cutter disc edge (340) is arranged on the padding block (360).

7. The multi-roller rotary cone rock breaking test device according to claim 6 is characterized in that: The knife seat (320) comprises side plates (322) and a knife seat base plate (323) arranged opposite to each other, the two side plates (322) being arranged on the knife seat base plate (323), a rotating shaft (324) passing through the side plates (322), a knife holder (325) for mounting a hob (321) being arranged between the two side plates (322), and the knife holder (325) being fixedly connected to the rotating shaft (324); A driving gear (326) connected to the rotating shaft (324) is also provided on the outer side of the side plate (322); the driving gear (326) is meshed with a driving rack (327); the driving rack (327) drives the rotating shaft (324) to rotate by translation, thereby changing the inclination angle α of the hob.

8. The multi-roller rotary cone rock breaking test device according to claim 7 is characterized in that: A cover body (328) is further provided on the outer side of the side plate (322), and the cover body (328) covers the driving gear (326) and the driving rack (327). The cover body (328) is provided with adjustment bolts (329) in opposite directions, and two of the adjustment bolts (329) are screwed onto the cover body (328). The two adjustment bolts (329) are used to abut against two ends of the length of the driving rack (327) to self-lock the driving rack (327).

9. A test method for a multi-roller rotary cone surface rock breaking test, using the multi-roller rotary cone surface rock breaking test device according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: include: S10. Add concrete to the annular cavity and smooth the upper surface of the concrete to form a cone; S20. After the concrete is initially solidified, the leveling structure (200) and the inner tube (110) are removed; S30. Based on the test requirements, adjust the polar angle θ, the cutter spacing d of each hob (321), and the hob inclination angle α; S40. After the concrete is completely solidified, the cutter head structure (300) descends, and the outer cylinder (120) rotates to break the rock surface.

10. The test method for the rock breaking test with a multi-roller rotary cone according to claim 9, characterized in that: Obtaining the blade spacing d of the roller cutters (321) based on the polar diameter ρ of each roller cutter (321); Cutters (320) of different thicknesses are selected based on the cutter height differences of the roller cutters (321) to ensure that each roller cutter (321) is in contact with the rock surface.

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