A structure, circuit and method for extracting anti-counterfeiting labels from battery cells used in battery passports

Abstract

The present invention relates to the technical field of battery passports and discloses a structure, circuit, and method for extracting anti-counterfeiting labels from battery cells used in battery passports. When an N-bit excitation signal Cn is input, an N-stage switch delay module inside an IC chip is connected to an external RC delay circuit module to form delay path 1, and is connected to an external RC delay circuit module to form delay path 2. Delay path 1 and delay path 2 generate RC delay signals t1 and t2, respectively, and a signal delay difference is calculated. The N-stage switch delay module in the arbiter PUF circuit structure generates a signal delay difference, and the total delay difference is . The arbiter module generates a digital response of 0 or 1 based on arbitration according to a judgment formula. Finally, a series of 0 / 1 sequences are generated by changing the input N-bit excitation signal Cn. Due to different production processes, different battery cells will generate different 0 / 1 sequences. These 0 / 1 sequences can be used in the battery passport as the unique anti-counterfeiting labels for the battery cells.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of battery passports, and in particular to a structure, circuit and method for extracting an anti-counterfeiting label of a battery cell used in a battery passport. Background Art

[0002] With the rapid development of industries such as mobile devices, energy storage devices, and electric vehicles, global demand for batteries continues to grow, particularly in the consumer electronics and electric vehicle sectors. Battery manufacturing requires complex processes, strict quality control, and high-quality, premium raw materials, resulting in high production costs. Consequently, branded batteries are priced extremely high in the market, creating an opportunity for illegal battery manufacturers. Battery manufacturing involves a complex supply chain, from sourcing raw materials (such as lithium, cobalt, and nickel) to production, assembly, and global distribution. Genuine batteries are often substituted or counterfeited at certain points in the supply chain, particularly by small, informal manufacturers who exploit market demand for low-priced products to produce counterfeit and substandard products. Furthermore, because counterfeit batteries lack rigorous safety testing and necessary protection mechanisms, they are prone to overcharging, over-discharging, and short-circuiting during use, potentially leading to overheating, fire, and even explosion. This not only undermines the brand value of genuine battery manufacturers but also poses a potential threat to consumers, both financially and personally.

[0003] To address these issues, the Global Battery Alliance (GBA) launched the "Battery Passport" concept at the 2023 World Economic Forum in Davos. This innovative digital tool aims to track information about batteries throughout their lifecycle, from raw material extraction and manufacturing to use, maintenance, and recovery. The core component of the Battery Passport is the "Battery ID," a unique identification code for each battery that ensures transparency and traceability throughout its lifecycle.

[0004] The Battery Passport enables all parties in the battery value chain (such as raw material suppliers, manufacturers, users, and recyclers) to share standardized data, enhance collaboration efficiency, and promote the sustainable development of the battery industry. Furthermore, the Battery Passport provides data support for government regulation and policymaking, helping to promote the standardization of the battery industry.

[0005] At present, the technologies used to record battery information on the market mainly include three categories: battery tags, QR codes and RFID.

[0006] A battery label is a label affixed directly to the surface of a battery, containing basic battery information and instructions. This information typically includes: manufacturer information, model and serial number, electrical specifications (voltage, capacity), chemical composition, safety warnings (e.g., flammability, short circuit), and usage and storage instructions. Battery labels are designed to provide users with essential information to help them use batteries safely and effectively. QR codes and RFID (radio frequency identification) tags are widely used for battery tracking and management, but each has its own advantages and disadvantages. QR codes are inexpensive to produce and suitable for large-scale deployment. Users simply scan the QR code with a mobile phone or scanning device to access the information, and once generated, the information remains unchanged, ensuring reliable authentication. However, QR codes can become unscannable if worn or obscured. Furthermore, their limited storage capacity makes them unsuitable for storing large amounts of information. RFID tags, on the other hand, can be read under a variety of conditions, requiring no direct line of sight, but only at a certain distance. They can also store more information than QR codes and can even modify existing data. They are also generally more environmentally resilient and less susceptible to damage. However, RFID tags and readers are more expensive than QR codes. Because it requires dedicated reading and writing equipment to read information, it increases the implementation complexity.

[0007] To better meet the needs of a battery passport, this invention proposes a structure, circuit, and method for extracting the cell anti-counterfeiting label used in a battery passport. The core of this technology is to combine the battery's physical structure and circuit design, leveraging subtle differences in the manufacturing process or materials to generate a unique ID for each battery. This ID can help manufacturers, suppliers, and users identify battery type, production date, batch, and other information, facilitating tracking of the battery's source and history. Furthermore, the battery ID can be used to verify the battery's authenticity, preventing counterfeit and substandard batteries from entering the supply chain. This significantly protects both brand and consumer interests. Summary of the Invention

[0008] In response to the above problems, the present invention proposes a cell anti-counterfeiting label extraction structure, circuit, and extraction method for a battery passport. This is a technology that generates a unique identifier for a battery through circuit characteristics or circuit behavior. This technology mainly utilizes the slight differences in the circuit characteristics or circuit behavior inside the battery. These differences may come from slight differences in the manufacturing process or slight differences in materials, thereby generating a unique ID for each battery. Simply put, this technology is like creating a "fingerprint" for the battery. This "fingerprint" is based on the battery's circuit characteristics or circuit behavior. Therefore, the "fingerprint" of each battery is unique. This method can increase the traceability and traceability of batteries, which is very helpful for battery management and reuse.

[0009] The technical solution of the present invention to solve the above technical problems is as follows:

[0010] A battery cell anti-counterfeiting label extraction structure and circuit for battery passports, comprising a PCB board, a fingerprint extraction circuit structure of a battery coupling structure, and an IC chip; the fingerprint extraction circuit structure of the battery coupling structure and the IC chip are both soldered to the PCB board; the fingerprint extraction circuit structure of the battery coupling structure includes two RC delay circuits, the IC chip is provided with a pin Pad1 and a pin Pad2, and the pins Pad1 and Pad2 are electrically connected to the two RC delay circuits respectively, and the IC chip is internally provided with an arbiter PUF circuit structure, which includes an N-level switch delay module and an arbiter module.

[0011] On the basis of the above technical solution, the present invention can also be improved as follows.

[0012] Preferably, the two RC delay circuits respectively include a capacitor Cap1 and a fixed resistor R1 and a capacitor Cap2 and a fixed resistor R2, the capacitor Cap1 and the fixed resistor R1 are electrically connected, and the capacitor Cap2 and the fixed resistor R2 are electrically connected.

[0013] Preferably, the capacitor Cap1 and the capacitor Cap2 are formed by connecting the copper area on the top layer of the PCB board and the bottom layer of the PCB to the negative electrode of the battery.

[0014] Preferably, the copper plating area is zigzag in shape.

[0015] Preferably, the N-stage switch delay module is composed of N two-choose-two multi-way switch stages.

[0016] Preferably, the arbiter module is a D flip-flop or an SR latch, and the last stage of the two-choose-two multiplexer stage is electrically connected to the D flip-flop or the SR latch.

[0017] A method for extracting a battery cell anti-counterfeiting label for a battery passport comprises the following steps:

[0018] Input the N-bit excitation signal Cn to the Arbiter PUF circuit structure. The N-level switch delay module inside the IC chip is connected to the external RC delay circuit module to form delay path 1, and connected to the external RC delay circuit module to form delay path 2. Delay path 1 and delay path 2 generate RC delay signals t1 and t2 respectively, and then calculate the signal delay difference. , and the N-level switch delay module in the ArbiterPUF circuit structure will produce signal delay difference , the total delay difference is , the Arbiter module is based on the judgment formula

[0019] (1)

[0020] The arbitration generates a digital response of 0 or 1, and finally generates a series of 0 / 1 sequences by changing the input N-bit excitation signal Cn. Due to different production processes, different battery cells will produce different 0 / 1 sequences, and these 0 / 1 sequences can be used in the battery passport as the unique anti-counterfeiting label of the battery cell.

[0021] Preferably, the calculation formula for the signal delay difference generated by the RC delay circuit is as follows:

[0022] (2)

[0023] in, For fixed resistors The resistance value, is the resistance value of the fixed resistor R2, S is the area of ​​the copper plating area, d is the thickness of the PCB board, is the dielectric constant between PCB boards, and k is the electrostatic force constant.

[0024] Preferably, the calculation formula for the signal delay difference generated by the N-stage switch delay module in the Arbiter PuF circuit structure is as follows:

[0025] (3)

[0026] (4)

[0027] Among them, ∆ i and n i They represent the delay difference and noise of the two-choose-two multiplexer level at each stage, C j is a bit of the excitation signal Cn, ∆i represents the delay difference of each multiplexer stage, which is independent and identically distributed as a Gaussian random variable obeying the normal distribution, and N represents the Nth two-choose-two multiplexer stage.

[0028] Compared with the prior art, the technical solution of this application has the following beneficial technical effects:

[0029] Through the above technology, the present invention introduces the manufacturing differences of IC, PCB, and battery, as well as the systematic deviation when soldering the PCB and battery together, into the final random response. With only a little processing, the response can be used to give the battery a unique digital ID, thereby achieving an anti-counterfeiting effect, and finally used for our battery passport. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0030] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the battery cell anti-counterfeiting label of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the battery cell anti-counterfeiting label extraction structure of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the coupling structure of the Arbiter PUF and the RC circuit of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 4 The figure is a flow chart of the method for extracting the anti-counterfeit label of a battery cell according to the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0034] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0035] In the embodiment, Figure 1-4 A battery cell anti-counterfeiting label extraction structure and circuit for a battery passport are provided, including a PCB board, a fingerprint extraction circuit structure of a battery coupling structure, and an IC chip; the fingerprint extraction circuit structure of the battery coupling structure and the IC chip are both soldered to the PCB board; the fingerprint extraction circuit structure of the battery coupling structure includes two RC delay circuits, and the IC chip is provided with pins Pad1 and pin Pad2, which are electrically connected to the two RC delay circuits respectively. An arbiter PUF circuit structure is provided inside the IC chip, and the arbiter PUF circuit structure includes an N-level switch delay module and an arbiter module.

[0036] The two RC delay circuits respectively include a capacitor Cap1 and a fixed resistor R1 and a capacitor Cap2 and a fixed resistor R2. The capacitor Cap1 and the fixed resistor R1 are electrically connected, and the capacitor Cap2 and the fixed resistor R2 are electrically connected.

[0037] The capacitor Cap1 and the capacitor Cap2 are formed by connecting the copper area on the top layer of the PCB board and the bottom layer of the PCB to the negative electrode of the battery.

[0038] The shape of the copper-plated area is zigzag, so that the physical characteristics of the PCB board and the battery can be extracted.

[0039] The N-stage switch delay module is composed of N (N is a positive integer greater than or equal to 1) two-choose-two multi-way switch stages.

[0040] The arbiter module is a D flip-flop or an SR latch, and the last stage of the two-choose-two multiplexer stage is electrically connected to the D flip-flop or the SR latch.

[0041] A method for extracting a battery cell anti-counterfeiting label for a battery passport comprises the following steps:

[0042] Input the N-bit excitation signal Cn to the Arbiter PUF circuit structure. The N-level switch delay module inside the IC chip is connected to the external RC delay circuit module to form delay path 1, and connected to the external RC delay circuit module to form delay path 2. Delay path 1 and delay path 2 generate RC delay signals t1 and t2 respectively, and then calculate the signal delay difference. , and the N-level switch delay module in the ArbiterPUF circuit structure will produce signal delay difference , the total delay difference is , the Arbiter module is based on the judgment formula

[0043] (1)

[0044] The arbitration generates a digital response of 0 or 1, and finally generates a series of 0 / 1 sequences by changing the input N-bit excitation signal Cn. Due to different production processes, different battery cells will produce different 0 / 1 sequences, and these 0 / 1 sequences can be used in the battery passport as the unique anti-counterfeiting label of the battery cell.

[0045] The calculation formula for the signal delay difference generated by the RC delay circuit is as follows:

[0046] (2)

[0047] in, For fixed resistors The resistance value, is the resistance value of the fixed resistor R2, S is the area of ​​the copper plating area, d is the thickness of the PCB board, is the dielectric constant between PCB boards, and k is the electrostatic force constant.

[0048] Due to the random process differences in the PCB manufacturing process and the system deviation during welding and , two RC delay modules that are identical in design will also differ after manufacturing, thus generating two different RC delay signals t1 and t2. The difference between the RC delay signals t1 and t2 is , t1 and t2 are calculated as follows:

[0049]

[0050] in, For fixed resistors The resistance value, is the resistance value of the fixed resistor R2, S is the area of ​​the copper plating area, d is the thickness of the PCB board, is the dielectric constant between PCB boards, and k is the electrostatic force constant.

[0051] The calculation formula for the signal delay difference generated by the N-level switch delay module in the Arbiter PuF circuit structure is as follows:

[0052] (3)

[0053] (4)

[0054] Among them, ∆ i and n i They represent the delay difference and noise of the two-choose-two multiplexer level at each stage, C j is a bit of the excitation signal Cn, ∆i represents the delay difference of each multiplexer stage, which is independent and identically distributed as a Gaussian random variable obeying the normal distribution, and N represents the Nth two-choose-two multiplexer stage.

[0055] The two paths are connected to the RC delay circuit on the external PCB through the chip pins Pad1 and Pad2. In this delay circuit, the main delay characteristics are contributed by the charging and discharging of capacitors Cap1 and Cap2. In the present invention, the capacitor structure is closely linked to the battery, thereby achieving a tight coupling between the chip, PCB board and battery, and thus generating a unique stimulus-response correspondence.

[0056] This method can couple and correspond the status output of the PUF circuit with the integrity of the PCB / battery fingerprint extraction circuit. Any attempt to forge the system by destroying the system structure to replace the battery will destroy the connection between the chip, PCB board and battery, which will cause the PUF output response to change permanently, thereby changing the battery's digital ID.

[0057] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as first and second, etc., are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply the existence of any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Moreover, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variants thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, article, or device comprising a series of elements includes not only those elements, but also other elements not explicitly listed, or elements inherent to such process, method, article, or device. In the absence of further limitations, an element defined by the phrase "comprising a ..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or device comprising the element.

[0058] While embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions, and variations may be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, and that the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A structure and circuit for extracting anti-counterfeit labels from battery cells used in battery passports, characterized in that: The invention comprises a PCB board, a fingerprint extraction circuit structure of a battery coupling structure, and an IC chip; the fingerprint extraction circuit structure of the battery coupling structure and the IC chip are both soldered to the PCB board; the fingerprint extraction circuit structure of the battery coupling structure includes two RC delay circuits, the IC chip is provided with pins Pad1 and Pad2, and pins Pad1 and Pad2 are electrically connected to the two RC delay circuits respectively, and the IC chip is internally provided with an arbiter PUF circuit structure, which includes an N-level switch delay module and an arbiter module; The two RC delay circuits respectively include a capacitor Cap1 and a fixed resistor R1 and a capacitor Cap2 and a fixed resistor R2, the capacitor Cap1 and the fixed resistor R1 are electrically connected, and the capacitor Cap2 and the fixed resistor R2 are electrically connected; The capacitor Cap1 and the capacitor Cap2 are formed by connecting the copper area on the top layer of the PCB board and the bottom layer of the PCB to the negative electrode of the battery.

2. The structure and circuit for extracting the anti-counterfeiting label of a battery cell used in a battery passport according to claim 1, characterized in that: The copper plating area is in a sawtooth shape.

3. The structure and circuit for extracting the anti-counterfeiting label of a battery cell used in a battery passport according to claim 1, characterized in that: The N-stage switch delay module is composed of N two-choose-two multi-way switch stages.

4. The structure and circuit for extracting the anti-counterfeiting label of a battery cell used in a battery passport according to claim 1, characterized in that: The arbiter module is a D flip-flop or an SR latch, and the last stage of the two-choose-two multiplexer stage is electrically connected to the D flip-flop or the SR latch.

5. A method for extracting a battery cell anti-counterfeit label for a battery passport according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Input the N-bit excitation signal Cn to the Arbiter PUF circuit structure. The N-level switch delay module inside the IC chip is connected to the external RC delay circuit module to form delay path 1, and connected to the external RC delay circuit module to form delay path 2. Delay path 1 and delay path 2 generate RC delay signals t1 and t2 respectively, and then calculate the signal delay difference. , and the N-level switch delay module in the Arbiter PUF circuit structure will produce signal delay difference , the total delay difference is , the Arbiter module is based on the judgment formula （1） The arbitration generates a digital response of 0 or 1, and finally generates a series of 0 / 1 sequences by changing the input N-bit excitation signal Cn. Due to different production processes, different battery cells will produce different 0 / 1 sequences, and these 0 / 1 sequences are used in the battery passport as the unique anti-counterfeiting label of the battery cell.

6. The structure and circuit for extracting the anti-counterfeiting label of a battery cell used in a battery passport according to claim 5, characterized in that: The calculation formula for the signal delay difference generated by the RC delay circuit is as follows: （2） in, For fixed resistors The resistance value, is the resistance value of the fixed resistor R2, S is the area of ​​the copper plating area, d is the thickness of the PCB board, is the dielectric constant between PCB boards, and k is the electrostatic force constant.

7. The structure and circuit for extracting the anti-counterfeiting label of a battery cell used in a battery passport according to claim 5, characterized in that: The calculation formula for the signal delay difference generated by the N-level switch delay module in the Arbiter PUF circuit structure is as follows: (3) (4) in, and They represent the delay difference and noise of the two-choose-two multiplexer level at each stage, C j is one bit of the excitation signal Cn, It represents the delay difference of each multi-way switch level, which is independent and identically distributed as a Gaussian random variable and obeys the normal distribution. N represents the Nth level of the two-choose-two multi-way switch level.

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