A locomotive linear combination gap surge arrester and a detection method thereof

Abstract

The application relates to the field of electric locomotive arresters, in particular to a locomotive linear combination gap arrester and a detection method thereof. The arrester comprises a shell, the shell comprises an upper fitting, a lower flange and an insulating shell connected between the upper fitting and the lower flange, a nonlinear resistor, a linear resistor and a plurality of gap copper platforms are arranged in the insulating shell, the linear resistor is in contact and is connected in series between the plurality of gap copper platforms, so as to separate the adjacent gap copper platforms to form a breakdown gap, and the nonlinear resistor is connected in series with the gap copper platforms. The application has the effects of guaranteeing overall thermal stability, reducing residual voltage level and improving protection level.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of surge arresters for electric locomotives, and in particular to a linear combined gap surge arrester for locomotives and its testing method. Background Technology

[0002] During the operation of electric locomotives, due to their extremely large carrying capacity and the fact that they travel on railway tracks, which are usually protected by guardrails to prevent people or animals from entering, there are no tall objects around the electric locomotives. Once lightning strikes, it is very easy for it to strike the top of the electric locomotive. If lightning enters the electric locomotive's system, it can cause damage to the system at best, and fire at worst. If a moving electric locomotive is damaged, it will not only cause delays for the large amount of goods or people being transported, but also pose a threat to the people inside the electric locomotive or other trains on the tracks. Therefore, lightning arresters are needed to conduct the high voltage of lightning to the ground.

[0003] Continuous operating voltage and protection voltage are two very important parameters. Continuous operating voltage is the voltage at which the surge arrester operates normally over a long period of time, while protection voltage is the voltage when struck by lightning. In order to allow current to flow through the surge arrester when struck by lightning, it usually contains a non-linear resistor. However, when the non-linear resistor is subjected to voltages exceeding the continuous operating voltage but not reaching the protection voltage, its resistance will decrease. In particular, high-frequency voltages of high-order harmonics have a significant impact on non-linear resistors, and over time, this can lead to thermal breakdown. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the issue of thermal breakdown in nonlinear resistor surge arresters subjected to voltages exceeding the continuous voltage for extended periods, this application provides a locomotive linear combined gap surge arrester and its detection method.

[0005] This application provides a locomotive linear combined gap surge arrester, which adopts the following technical solution:

[0006] A locomotive linear combined gap surge arrester includes a housing, the housing including an upper fitting, a lower flange, and an insulating shell connected between the upper fitting and the lower flange. The insulating shell contains a nonlinear resistor, a linear resistor, and a plurality of gap copper pedestals. The linear resistors are connected in series between the plurality of gap copper pedestals to separate adjacent gap copper pedestals to form a breakdown gap. The nonlinear resistors are connected in series with the gap copper pedestals.

[0007] By adopting the above technical solution, when the voltage is higher than the continuous voltage but lower than the protection voltage, as the voltage increases, the resistance of the nonlinear resistor decreases while the linear resistor remains unchanged. The voltage sharing ratio of the line resistor increases, effectively limiting the current flowing through the equipment. In particular, the combination of linear and nonlinear resistors ensures the overall resistance value under high-frequency harmonics. At the same time, the increased voltage sharing of the linear resistor ensures overall thermal stability and reduces the probability of thermal breakdown caused by the sharp increase in power consumption of the nonlinear resistor when only the nonlinear resistor is present and high-order harmonics are present. When the voltage is higher than the protection voltage, the breakdown gap between the copper bases is broken down, and the linear resistor and the breakdown arc conduct in parallel, effectively limiting the voltage division on the linear resistor. At the same time, due to the presence of the linear resistor, the impact of the chopped overvoltage generated when the breakdown gap is broken down is reduced. At this time, the resistance of the nonlinear resistor is extremely small, and the overall resistance is low, reducing the residual voltage level and improving the protection level.

[0008] Optionally, the capacitance value formed by the adjacent gap copper platform and the breakdown gap is not greater than 5pF.

[0009] By adopting the above technical solutions and setting a reasonable breakdown gap distance, the linear resistor is effectively protected and the residual voltage is reduced, thereby improving the protection level.

[0010] Optionally, the resistance of the linear resistor is 1.5MΩ±0.5.

[0011] By adopting the above technical solution, through the series connection of linear and nonlinear resistors and the reasonable selection of the value of the linear resistor, transient overvoltage can be effectively shared, thereby effectively improving the harmonic withstand level. Furthermore, the reasonable matching of the parameters of the linear resistor and the breakdown gap eliminates the chopped overvoltage caused by the pure gap surge arrester scheme, thereby improving the overall protection level of the surge arrester.

[0012] Optionally, the insulating shell includes a PPO engineering plastic tube that circumferentially surrounds the nonlinear resistor, the linear resistor, and the gap copper platform.

[0013] By adopting the above technical solution and using PPO insulation material as the insulating cylinder of the surge arrester, the insulation and bending resistance characteristics of the original surge arrester are improved, and the weight of the surge arrester is reduced.

[0014] Optionally, a copper pad is also included, which is held between the nonlinear resistor and the lower flange.

[0015] By adopting the above technical solution, the dielectric constant abrupt change was optimized through the copper pad, thereby improving the electric field distribution at the bottom.

[0016] Optionally, a special conductive adhesive is provided between the adjacent linear resistor and the gap copper base, and the dielectric constant of the special conductive adhesive is between the resistance value of the linear resistor and the resistance value of the gap copper base.

[0017] By adopting the above technical solution, the conductivity of the gap copper platform and the linear resistor can be smoothly transitioned.

[0018] Optional, including:

[0019] A voltage detection module is used to detect the voltage of the nonlinear resistor, obtain voltage detection data, and output it.

[0020] A current detection module is connected in series with the nonlinear resistor, and a fuse is connected in series between the input terminal of the current detection module and the nonlinear resistor. A new nonlinear resistor is connected in parallel with the current detection module. The current detection module is used to detect the current of the nonlinear resistor inside the insulating shell, obtain current detection data, and output it.

[0021] A temperature detection module is in contact with the nonlinear resistor and is used to detect the temperature of the nonlinear resistor, obtain temperature detection data, and output it.

[0022] The image recognition module is used to perform image recognition on the shell, obtain image recognition data, and output it.

[0023] The data processing module is used to receive the voltage detection data, the current detection data, the temperature detection data, and the image recognition data, process and calculate the data to obtain the corresponding processing signal, and output it to the user.

[0024] By adopting the above technical solution, it is possible to automatically determine whether there is a fault inside the surge arrester and whether the nonlinear resistor inside is faulty, which is convenient, fast and efficient.

[0025] This application provides a testing method for a locomotive linear combined gap surge arrester, which adopts the following technical solution:

[0026] A method for testing a locomotive linear combined gap surge arrester includes:

[0027] The processed signal includes comprehensive fault data, and acquires timing data, voltage detection data, current detection data, and temperature detection data;

[0028] The voltage-affecting data are determined by the current detection data and the preset current detection internal resistance threshold.

[0029] The shunt resistance data is determined by comparing the voltage data with a preset temperature resistance threshold.

[0030] The shunt current data is determined by the shunt resistor data, the current detection internal resistance threshold, and the current detection data.

[0031] The correction current data is determined by combining the shunt current data and the current detection data.

[0032] The theoretical resistance data is determined by comparing the temperature detection data with the temperature resistance threshold.

[0033] The detection resistance data is determined by the voltage detection data and the correction current data;

[0034] Nonlinear fault data is determined and output by using the theoretical resistance data, the detected resistance data, and a preset error threshold;

[0035] The voltage detection data and temperature detection data are acquired in real time using the timing data.

[0036] The voltage change is determined by combining multiple voltage detection data points with the timing data.

[0037] The temperature change is determined by combining multiple temperature detection data points with the timing data.

[0038] The overheating fault data is determined by the voltage change, the temperature change, the preset heat dissipation threshold, the error threshold, and the temperature resistance threshold.

[0039] The comprehensive fault data is determined and output by combining the nonlinear fault data and the overheating fault data.

[0040] By adopting the above technical solution, the material properties of the nonlinear resistor can be automatically calculated to determine whether it is normal and whether its internal structure is damaged, which is convenient, quick, and easy to maintain.

[0041] Optional, including:

[0042] The processing signal includes responding to fault data and acquiring the image recognition data;

[0043] The lightning strike time data is determined by the image recognition data, the preset lightning strike image threshold, and the timing data;

[0044] The change in current is determined by combining multiple current detection data points with the timing data.

[0045] The current response time data is determined by the current change, the timing data, and the preset fuse current threshold.

[0046] The response fault data is determined and output by using the lightning strike time data, the current response time, and a preset response time threshold.

[0047] By adopting the above technical solution, the response time of the nonlinear resistor can be automatically calculated.

[0048] This application provides a computer-readable storage medium, which adopts the following technical solution:

[0049] A computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program that can be loaded by a processor and executed to detect a method for a locomotive linear combination gap arrester.

[0050] By adopting the above technical solution, computer programs are stored using computer-readable storage media.

[0051] In summary, this application includes at least one of the following beneficial technical effects:

[0052] 1. Ensure overall thermal stability, reduce the impact of chopped overvoltage caused by breakdown gap, reduce residual voltage level, and improve protection level.

[0053] 2. Improved the insulation and bending resistance of the original surge arrester, and reduced the weight of the surge arrester.

[0054] 3. Improve the electric field distribution at the bottom, so that the conductivity of the gap copper platform and the linear resistor can be smoothly transitioned. Attached Figure Description

[0055] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a locomotive linear combined gap surge arrester in Embodiment 1 of this application.

[0056] Figure 2 It is along Figure 1 A cross-sectional view of line AA in the middle.

[0057] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of a locomotive linear combined gap surge arrester in Embodiment 2 of this application.

[0058] Figure 4 This is a flowchart illustrating a detection method for a locomotive linear combination gap surge arrester according to Embodiment 2 of this application.

[0059] Figure 5 This is a flowchart illustrating steps S16-S24.

[0060] Figure 6 This is a flowchart of steps S3-S34.

[0061] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached drawings: 1. Housing; 11. Upper fitting; 12. Lower flange; 13. Insulating shell; 131. PPO engineering plastic pipe; 2. Nonlinear resistor; 21. Linear resistor; 22. Gap copper platform; 221. Breakdown gap; 23. Copper pad; 24. Special conductive adhesive; 3. Voltage detection module; 31. Current detection module; 32. Temperature detection module; 33. Image recognition module; 34. Data processing module. Detailed Implementation

[0062] The following is in conjunction with the appendix Figure 1-6 This application will be described in further detail.

[0063] Embodiment 1 of this application discloses a linear combined gap surge arrester for locomotives. (Refer to...) Figure 1 and Figure 2 The locomotive linear combination gap surge arrester includes a housing 1, which includes an upper fitting 11, a lower flange 12, and an insulating shell 13 connected between the upper fitting 11 and the lower flange 12. The lower flange 12 and its fasteners can be made of stainless steel to ensure that the parts exposed to the air have rust resistance. The upper fitting 11 and the lower flange 12 are used for external circuit electrical connection, such as being electrically connected to the main circuit breaker and the main transformer, respectively.

[0064] Reference Figure 1 and Figure 2 The insulating shell 13 contains a nonlinear resistor 2, a linear resistor 21, two gap copper platforms 22, and a copper pad 23. The first gap copper platform 22 is electrically connected to the upper fitting 11 by spring compression. The linear resistor 21 can be a ring made of, for example, a ceramic linear resistor containing zinc oxide. The linear resistor 21 is electrically connected to the side wall of the first gap copper platform 22 facing away from the upper fitting 11. The second gap copper platform 22 is electrically connected to the side wall of the linear resistor 21 away from the first gap copper platform 22. The two ends of the linear resistor 21 separate the two gap copper platforms 22, so that a breakdown gap 221 is formed between the inner ring side wall of the linear resistor 21 and the two gap copper platforms 22.

[0065] Reference Figure 1 and Figure 2 The capacitance formed by the opposing sidewalls of the adjacent gap copper bases 22, the material properties of the gap copper bases 22, and the distance of the breakdown gap 221 is no greater than 5pF, while the resistance of the linear resistor 21 is 1.5MΩ±0.5. A special conductive adhesive 24 is bonded between the linear resistor 21 and the gap copper base 22. The dielectric constant of the special conductive adhesive 24 is between the resistance of the linear resistor 21 and the resistance of the gap copper base 22 itself.

[0066] Reference Figure 1 and Figure 2The nonlinear resistor 2 can be made of zinc oxide resistor sheet, and there are multiple of them. The first nonlinear resistor 2 is electrically connected to the end of the second gap copper platform 22 away from the linear resistor 21. The second nonlinear resistor 2 is electrically connected to the first nonlinear resistor 2. The other nonlinear resistors 2 are connected in the same way, each of them is electrically connected to the previous nonlinear resistor 2.

[0067] Reference Figure 1 and Figure 2 The copper pad 23 is electrically connected to the last nonlinear resistor 2, and the lower flange 12 abuts against the copper pad 23 to press the copper pad 23 firmly against the nonlinear resistor 2. That is, in the insulating shell 13, from the upper hardware 11 to the lower flange 12, the gap copper platform 22, the linear resistor 21, the nonlinear resistor 2 and the copper pad 23 are installed in sequence, and adjacent components are electrically connected by contact.

[0068] Reference Figure 1 and Figure 2 The insulating shell 13 includes a PPO engineering plastic tube 131 and a silicone rubber jacket 132. The PPO engineering plastic tube 131 is a tubular shape made of PPO insulating material, which circumferentially surrounds the nonlinear resistor 2, the linear resistor 21, the gap copper platform 22, and the copper pad 23. One end of the PPO engineering plastic tube 131 abuts against the inner wall of the upper fitting 11, and the other end abuts against the inner wall of the lower flange 12. The silicone rubber jacket 132 is made of silicone material and is fitted around the PPO engineering plastic tube 131. One end of the silicone rubber jacket 132 abuts against the outer wall of the upper fitting 11, and the other end abuts against the outer wall of the lower flange 12. The silicone rubber jacket 132 and the PPO engineering plastic tube 131 clamp and insulate the upper fitting 11 and the lower flange 12.

[0069] The implementation principle of a locomotive linear combined gap surge arrester in this application embodiment is as follows: when the voltage is lower than the continuous operating voltage, the linear resistor 21 and the nonlinear resistor 2 are combined to form a large resistor, which limits the current flowing through the device.

[0070] When the voltage is higher than the continuous voltage but lower than the protection voltage, as the voltage increases, the resistance of nonlinear resistor 2 decreases while the resistance of linear resistor 21 remains unchanged. This increases the proportion of voltage shared by linear resistor 21, which can effectively limit the current flowing through the device.

[0071] When the voltage is higher than the protection voltage of the equipment, the breakdown gap 221 is broken down, and the linear resistor 21 and the breakdown arc are connected in parallel, which effectively limits the voltage division on the linear resistor 21. At this time, due to the high voltage, the resistance of the nonlinear resistor 2 is extremely small, and the whole exhibits a low resistance state.

[0072] Example 2:

[0073] Unlike Example 1, referring to Figure 2 and Figure 3 The locomotive linear combination gap surge arrester includes a voltage detection module 3, a current detection module 31, a temperature detection module 32, an image recognition module 33, and a data processing module 34. The voltage detection module 3 can be, for example, a voltmeter or other instruments and equipment with voltage detection function. The two ends of the voltage detection module 3 can be embedded in a PPO engineering plastic tube 131 and passed through a nonlinear resistor 2. The two ends of the voltage detection module 3 are respectively connected in parallel to the first nonlinear resistor 2 and the second nonlinear resistor 2 to detect the voltage of all the nonlinear resistors 2 connected in series, obtain the voltage detection data, and output it.

[0074] Reference Figure 3 The current detection module 31 can be an ammeter or other instrument with current detection function. A fuse 311 is connected in series between the lower flange 12 and the current detection module 31. The fuse 311 can be a fuse, a fuse wire, or other instrument with overcurrent protection. The current detection module 31 detects the current on the nonlinear resistor 2, obtains the current detection data, and outputs it. The nonlinear resistor 2 is also connected in parallel across the two ends of the current detection module 31. When the voltage is not high, the resistance of the nonlinear resistor 2 is much greater than that of the current detection module 31. At this time, the current detection module 31 operates normally. Because the internal resistance of the current detection module 31 is small, the nonlinear resistor 2 cannot receive much voltage, making it difficult for voltage changes to affect the nonlinear resistor 2. Therefore, the resistance of the nonlinear resistor 2 does not decrease, preventing current shunting, until the fuse 311 blows, at which point the nonlinear resistor 2 will begin to operate.

[0075] Reference Figure 2 and Figure 3 The temperature detection module 32 can be a temperature sensor. The detection end of the temperature detection module 32 is embedded in the PPO engineering plastic tube 131, so that the thermally conductive and insulating contact of the detection end of the temperature detection module 32 is made with the nonlinear resistor 2 to detect the temperature of the nonlinear resistor 2, obtain the temperature detection data, and output it. The image recognition module 33 can be a camera, installed on the electric locomotive, with the recognition end facing the upper hardware 11. It performs image recognition to determine whether the upper hardware 11 has been struck by lightning, obtains the image recognition data, and outputs it.

[0076] Reference Figure 3 The data processing module 34 includes a database and a processor. The database is used to store various threshold data, such as current detection internal resistance threshold, temperature resistance threshold, etc. The processor is used to receive voltage detection data, current detection data, temperature detection data and image recognition data, and call the corresponding threshold data from the database. After processing and calculating the data, the processed signal is obtained and output to the user.

[0077] A processor can include a central processing unit such as a CPU or MPU, or a host system built around a CPU or MPU, encompassing both hardware and software. With a processor, a measuring instrument can be freely controlled by programming, allowing it to operate according to user intentions. The processor can control local measurement transmission, remote measurement transmission, and remote communication through internal protocols. Internal protocols broadly refer to all protocols that enable communication or linking within the same measuring instrument or system, including: human-machine interface protocols, software / hardware (interface) protocols, chip bus (C-Bus) protocols, internal bus (I-Bus) protocols, and some or all of these protocols. With the development of integrated circuit technology, some protocols that belong to external bus (E-Bus) have also been integrated into the chip and thus become internal protocols.

[0078] Embodiment 2 of this application discloses a method for detecting a linear combined gap surge arrester on a locomotive. (Refer to...) Figure 4 and Figure 5 The testing method for locomotive linear combination gap surge arresters includes the following steps:

[0079] S1. The signal processing includes comprehensive fault data, and the acquisition of timing data, voltage detection data, current detection data and temperature detection data;

[0080] S11. Determine the data affecting the voltage by using the current detection data and the preset current detection internal resistance threshold.

[0081] S12. Determine the shunt resistance data by influencing the voltage data and the preset temperature resistance threshold;

[0082] S13. Determine the shunt current data by using the shunt resistor data, the current detection internal resistance threshold, and the current detection data;

[0083] S14. Determine the correction current data by combining the shunt current data and the current detection data;

[0084] S15. Determine the theoretical resistance data by using temperature detection data and temperature resistance threshold;

[0085] S16. Determine the detection resistance data by combining the voltage detection data and the correction current data;

[0086] S17. Determine and output nonlinear fault data by using theoretical resistance data, detected resistance data and preset error threshold;

[0087] S2. Real-time acquisition of voltage and temperature detection data through timing data;

[0088] S21. Determine the voltage change by using multiple voltage detection data and timing data;

[0089] S22. Determine the temperature change by using multiple temperature detection data and timing data;

[0090] S23. Determine the overheating fault data by measuring the voltage change, temperature change, preset heat dissipation threshold, error threshold, and temperature resistance threshold.

[0091] S24. Determine and output comprehensive fault data by combining nonlinear fault data and thermal fault data.

[0092] In detail: The current detection internal resistance threshold is the internal resistance of the current detection module 31 itself and the fuse 311. The current detection data represents the current passing through the current detection module 31. The current multiplied by the internal resistance represents the voltage applied to the current detection module 31 and the fuse 311. This is the voltage data. Since the nonlinear resistor 2, which plays a protective role, is connected in parallel, the voltage data is the voltage of the nonlinear resistor 2. The temperature resistance threshold is the corresponding relationship between the temperature caused by the voltage of the nonlinear resistor 2 and the material properties that cause the resistance value to change. Therefore, the resistance value of the nonlinear resistor 2 at this time can be obtained. This is the shunt resistance data. The ratio of this resistance value to the current detection internal resistance threshold, multiplied by the current detection data, gives the magnitude of the current shunted through the nonlinear resistor 2. This is the shunt current data. The sum of the current detection data and the shunt current data is the total current. This is the correction current data.

[0093] The error threshold is the allowable range of difference. By comparing the temperature detection data with the temperature resistance threshold, the internal resistance of the nonlinear resistor 2 should be obtained directly. This is the theoretical resistance data. Then, by comparing the voltage detection data with the correction current data, the detected resistance value can be obtained, which is the detected resistance data. This is then compared with the previous theoretical resistance data. If the difference exceeds the allowable range of the error threshold, it indicates that the nonlinear resistor 2 has a fault. For example, the resistance response speed is slowed down after being affected by voltage or temperature, or the temperature is not increased in time to reduce the resistance after being subjected to voltage. The nonlinear fault data indicating the fault of the nonlinear resistor 2 is output.

[0094] After fuse 311 blows once and the user does not install a new fuse 311 in time, the current detection module 31 is disconnected and cannot start, so no current detection data can be obtained. At this time, calculations can be performed only by voltage and temperature. First, the elapsed time is determined by timing data, and then the changes in voltage and temperature are calculated, which are the voltage change and temperature change. The heat dissipation threshold is the heat dissipation performance of the nonlinear resistor 2 itself. The temperature change plus the heat dissipation threshold is the total heat generated by the nonlinear resistor 2. The voltage change and the temperature resistance threshold can be used to obtain the corresponding theoretical heat. The difference between the voltage change and the total heat is then compared with the error threshold. If it exceeds the error threshold, it indicates that the nonlinear resistor 2 is faulty, and the corresponding heat dissipation fault data is output.

[0095] If fuse 311 is connected and current detection data exists, the nonlinear fault data and the heating fault data can be compared to obtain comprehensive fault data for output, making a more comprehensive judgment and preventing a fault from occurring in a certain calculation situation.

[0096] Reference Figure 6 It also includes the following steps:

[0097] S3. Signal processing includes responding to fault data and acquiring image recognition data;

[0098] S31. Determine the lightning strike time data through image recognition data, preset lightning strike image threshold, and timing data;

[0099] S32. Determine the change in current by using multiple current detection data and timing data;

[0100] S33. Determine the current response time data by using the current change, timing data and preset fuse current threshold.

[0101] S34. Determine and output the response fault data by using the lightning strike time data, current response time and preset response time threshold.

[0102] In detail: The lightning strike image threshold is the image at the time of the lightning strike. Image recognition data is compared with the lightning strike image threshold to determine if a lightning strike has occurred. If so, the current timing data is recorded as the lightning strike time data. Theoretically, after a lightning strike, the resistance of the nonlinear resistor will drop sharply and the breakdown gap 221 will break down, causing a large current to rapidly conduct to the ground terminal. At this time, the fuse 311 will break the overcurrent circuit, and the current detection data will quickly return to zero. Therefore, the current change is calculated by dividing the difference between the current detection data by the time recorded in the timing data. The fuse current threshold is set to half the duration. Operating voltage refers to the voltage at which the current drops by half in a short period of time. This indicates that the fuse has blown. The timing data when the current detection data returns to zero is recorded, which is the current response time data. The response time threshold is the time from the lightning strike to the rapid drop in resistance and grounding. The difference between the current response time data and the lightning strike time data is then calculated. If the difference is within the range of the response time threshold, it indicates that the equipment is operating normally. If the difference exceeds the range of the response time threshold, it indicates that the nonlinear resistor 2 is faulty, or that the breakdown gap 221 has not been broken down, and the corresponding response fault data is output.

[0103] Embodiment 2 of this application discloses a computer-readable storage medium. The computer-readable storage medium stores a computer program capable of being loaded by a processor and executing a detection method for a locomotive linear combination gap arrester.

[0104] Computer-readable storage media include, for example, USB flash drives, portable hard drives, read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), magnetic disks, or optical disks, and other media capable of storing program code.

[0105] The above are all preferred embodiments of this application, and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, all equivalent changes made in accordance with the structure, shape and principle of this application should be covered within the scope of protection of this application.

Claims

1. A method for detecting a linear combined gap surge arrester on a locomotive, characterized in that, The lightning arrester is applied to a linear combination gap arrester for locomotives. The gap arrester includes a first nonlinear resistor (2), a voltage detection module, a current detection module (31), a temperature detection module, an image recognition module, and a data processing module. The voltage detection module is used to detect the voltage across the first nonlinear resistor (2) and output voltage detection data. The current detection module (31) is connected in series with the first nonlinear resistor (2). A fuse (311) is connected in series between its input terminal and the first nonlinear resistor (2). A second nonlinear resistor with a protective function is connected in parallel across the current detection module (31) and the fuse (311) and outputs current detection data. The temperature detection module contacts the first nonlinear resistor (2) and outputs temperature detection data. The image recognition module acquires the image recognition data of the housing. The data processing module receives the above data and outputs a processing signal. The detection method includes: acquiring timing data, voltage detection data, current detection data, and temperature detection data; determining voltage-influencing data based on current detection data and a current detection internal resistance threshold, and further determining shunt resistance data, shunt current data, and correction current data based on the voltage-influencing data, the current detection internal resistance threshold, and a second temperature resistance threshold; determining theoretical resistance data and detection resistance data based on temperature detection data, a first temperature resistance threshold, voltage detection data, and correction current data, and determining nonlinear fault data using the theoretical resistance data, detection resistance data, and a first error threshold; acquiring voltage detection data and temperature detection data in real time based on timing data to determine voltage and temperature changes, and determining heat generation fault data using voltage changes, temperature changes, a heat dissipation threshold, a second error threshold, and a first temperature resistance threshold; determining comprehensive fault data using nonlinear fault data and heat generation fault data, and outputting a processed signal including the comprehensive fault data.

2. The detection method for a locomotive linear combined gap surge arrester according to claim 1, characterized in that, include: Acquire the image recognition data; The lightning strike time data is determined by the image recognition data, the preset lightning strike image threshold, and the timing data; The change in current is determined by combining multiple current detection data points with the timing data. The current response time data is determined by the current change, the timing data, and the preset fuse current threshold. The response fault data is determined and output by using the lightning strike time data, the current response time, and a preset response time threshold.

3. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that, The system stores a computer program that can be loaded by a processor and executed as described in claim 1 or 2 for the detection method of a locomotive linear combination gap arrester.

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