Energy storage battery pack for power grid

Abstract

The invention discloses an energy storage battery pack for a power grid, comprising a battery body, a battery cell is arranged on the battery body, a cross groove is opened on the battery cell, a partition is arranged between two adjacent battery bodies, side plates are arranged at both ends of the partition, gap grooves are opened on both sides of the partition, the gap grooves form a heat dissipation space between the battery body and the partition, a plurality of battery bodies and partitions constitute the energy storage battery pack, and a connecting piece is arranged between two adjacent battery cells; the invention realizes stable connection and heat dissipation management between battery cells through a series of mechanical and pneumatic components, during the operation of the battery pack, a temperature sensor monitors the battery temperature in real time, when the temperature exceeds a set threshold, a control center activates a glue adding component, automatically replenishes adhesive to maintain the fixation of the connecting piece, and at the same time, a mechanical linkage mechanism is used to reduce the displacement between the battery cell and the connecting piece caused by thermal expansion, thereby ensuring the electrical connection and safe operation of the battery pack.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of energy storage batteries, and in particular to an energy storage battery pack for a power grid. Background Art

[0002] With the transformation of energy structure and the growth of clean energy demand, energy storage battery packs are being used more and more widely in power grids. Energy storage battery packs can provide electricity during peak hours of the power grid, balance the power grid load, and improve the operation efficiency and reliability of the power grid. However, energy storage battery packs will generate a lot of heat during operation, especially during rapid charging and discharging, the temperature of the battery pack will increase significantly.

[0003] In existing energy storage battery packs, the connections between battery cells or between battery cells and circuit connecting sheets are usually fixed with adhesives and tapes. This fixing method can meet the reliability requirements of the connection at room temperature, but when the temperature of the battery pack rises, the fluidity of the adhesive will increase, resulting in a decrease in the adhesion between the tape and the connecting sheet, and there is a risk of falling off, which will not only affect the electrical connection of the battery pack, but may also cause safety accidents. Summary of the invention

[0004] The object of the present invention is to provide an energy storage battery pack for a power grid to solve the problems raised in the above background technology.

[0005] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: an energy storage battery pack for a power grid, comprising a battery body, a battery cell is arranged on the battery body, a cross groove is opened on the battery cell, a partition is arranged between two adjacent battery bodies, side plates are arranged at both ends of the partition, gap grooves are opened on both sides of the partition, and the gap grooves form a heat dissipation space between the battery body and the partition, multiple battery bodies and partitions constitute the energy storage battery pack, slots are opened on both sides of the partition, a connecting piece is arranged between two adjacent battery cells, and both ends of the connecting piece A collar piece is provided, the middle part of the collar piece is a cross-shaped block structure and is inserted into the cross slot, a circular groove is provided in the middle part of the collar piece, long grooves are provided on both sides of the cross-shaped block of the collar piece, a limiting component is provided on the connecting piece, a fixed block is provided on the top of the battery body on one side of the battery cell, a swivel seat is rotatably connected to the fixed block, a cross-bar seat is provided on one side of the swivel seat, a temperature sensor is provided at the end of the cross-bar seat, the temperature sensor is electrically connected to the control center, and a glue-adding component for easy adjustment is provided on the cross-bar seat.

[0006] Preferably, the side plate is attached to one side of two adjacent battery bodies, the collar piece is sleeved on the outer side of the battery cell and is in contact with the battery cell, and the long groove forms a glue supply space between the collar piece and the cross groove.

[0007] Preferably, a groove is formed in the middle of the connecting piece, the groove is sleeved on the partition, and the bottom of the cross bar seat overlaps the ring piece and covers the cross-shaped block structure of the ring piece.

[0008] Preferably, the limiting assembly includes a guide rod, a side groove is opened on one side of the connecting plate, the guide rod is located in the side groove and is fixedly plugged into the connecting plate, a movable plug block is slidably sleeved on the guide rod, the movable plug block has an "L"-shaped structure, and the end portion matches the slot, and a support spring is sleeved on the guide rod.

[0009] Preferably, the glue adding assembly includes a cylinder, a receiving groove is provided on the top of the cross bar seat, a mounting plate is provided at the opening of the receiving groove, the mounting plate is fixed to the cross bar seat by screws and covers the receiving groove.

[0010] Preferably, a cylinder is provided in the storage groove, a push block is slidably inserted in the mounting plate, the telescopic end of the cylinder abuts against the push block, and the cylinder is electrically connected to the control center.

[0011] Preferably, a first airbag block is arranged between the push block and the mounting plate, the first airbag block is filled with adhesive, a circulation main pipe is arranged at one end of the first airbag block, a circulation branch pipe is arranged at the end of the circulation main pipe, the circulation main pipe is arranged horizontally and tilted downward, and the ports of the circulation branch pipe respectively lead to the corresponding long grooves.

[0012] Preferably, an end portion of the push block extending to the receiving groove is provided with an abutment plate, a second airbag block is provided between the abutment plate and the receiving groove, and a connecting pipe is provided at one end of the second airbag block.

[0013] Preferably, a cylindrical groove is opened in the middle of the cross bar seat, a round block is arranged at the opening of the cylindrical groove, a movable plug rod is slidably inserted on the round block, the end of the movable plug rod is inserted on the circular groove, a limiting ring is arranged on the movable plug rod in the cylindrical groove, and an abutment spring is sleeved on the movable plug rod.

[0014] Preferably, a support ring is slidably sleeved on the top of the abutment spring on the movable insertion rod, an airbag ring is arranged between the round block and the support ring, and one side of the airbag ring is connected to the connecting pipe.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0016] 1. The energy storage battery pack of the present invention realizes stable connection and heat dissipation management between battery cells through a series of mechanical and pneumatic components. During the operation of the battery pack, the temperature sensor monitors the battery temperature in real time. When the temperature exceeds the set threshold, the control center activates the glue adding component to automatically replenish the adhesive to maintain the fixation of the connecting piece. At the same time, the displacement between the battery cell and the connecting piece caused by thermal expansion is reduced through a mechanical linkage mechanism to ensure the electrical connection and safe operation of the battery pack.

[0017] 2. The present invention forms an effective heat dissipation space by opening gap grooves on both sides of the partition, which helps the battery body to dissipate heat during operation and reduce the internal temperature of the battery pack, thereby reducing the impact of temperature increase on battery performance. The cross-shaped block structure of the ring plate is inserted into the cross slot of the battery cell and has close contact with the battery cell, ensuring a stable connection between the connecting plate and the battery cell and reducing loose connection caused by battery pack vibration or temperature changes.

[0018] 3. In the present invention, the two ends of the connecting piece are fixed with a ring piece, and a groove is formed in the middle, so as to increase the bonding area between the ring piece and the battery core, improve the bonding strength, and effectively prevent the risk of the connecting piece falling off due to the enhanced fluidity of the adhesive.

[0019] 4. The present invention realizes the precise distribution and replenishment of adhesive through the design of the cylinder, push block, first airbag block and circulation pipe in the glue adding assembly. At the same time, the movable plug rod, support ring, airbag ring and other components in the mechanical linkage mechanism can automatically adjust when the temperature changes, reduce the displacement of the ring piece due to thermal expansion, maintain stable connection, and the structural design of the entire battery pack simplifies the installation and maintenance process. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] Figure 1 It is a schematic structural diagram of the energy storage battery pack for the power grid of the present invention.

[0021] Figure 2 It is a schematic structural diagram of the battery body of the present invention.

[0022] Figure 3 It is a schematic structural diagram of the partition and the side plate of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the connecting piece and the collar piece of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 5 For the present invention Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the structure enlarged at point A in the middle.

[0025] Figure 6 It is a schematic structural diagram of the cross bar seat of the present invention.

[0026] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the adjustment in the glue adding component of the present invention.

[0027] Figure 8 For the present invention Figure 7 Schematic diagram of the enlarged structure at point B.

[0028] Fig. 9 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the pipeline in the glue adding component of the present invention.

[0029] Fig.10It is a schematic diagram of the fixed structure in the glue adding component of the present invention.

[0030] Fig.11 For the present invention Fig.10 Schematic diagram of the enlarged structure at point C in the middle.

[0031] In the figure: battery body 1; battery cell 2; cross groove 21; partition 3; gap groove 31; slot 32; side plate 4; connecting piece 5; groove 51; guide rod 52; movable plug block 53; support spring 54; side groove 55; collar piece 6; circular groove 61; long groove 62; fixing block 7; swivel seat 71; cross seat 8; mounting plate 81; cylinder 82; push block 83; first air bag block 84; abutment plate 85; second air bag block 86; connecting pipe 87; circulation main pipe 801; circulation branch pipe 802; round block 88; movable plug rod 89; limit ring 891; abutment spring 892; support ring 893; air bag ring 894; temperature sensor 9. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0032] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0033] See also Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the energy storage battery pack for the power grid of the present invention. Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the structure of the battery body of the present invention. The present invention provides a technical solution: a power grid energy storage battery pack, including a battery body 1, a battery cell 2 is welded on the battery body 1, the battery cell 2 serves as an energy storage unit of the energy storage battery pack, stores and releases electrical energy through chemical reactions, a cross groove 21 is provided on the battery cell 2, a partition 3 is inserted between two adjacent battery bodies 1, both ends of the partition 3 are fixedly connected with side plates 4, and the side plates 4 are attached to one side of the two adjacent battery bodies 1.

[0034] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the partition and the side plate of the present invention. Gap grooves 31 are provided on both sides of the partition 3. The gap grooves 31 form a heat dissipation space between the battery body 1 and the partition 3. The partition 3 is inserted between two adjacent battery bodies 1 to play an isolation and support role and form a heat dissipation space at the same time. Multiple battery bodies 1 and partitions 3 constitute an energy storage battery pack. Slots 32 are provided on both sides of the partition 3. A connecting piece 5 is arranged between two adjacent battery cells 2, and the connecting piece 5 is overlapped on the battery body 1.

[0035] Figure 4It is a structural schematic diagram of the connecting piece and the ring piece of the present invention. Both ends of the connecting piece 5 are fixedly connected with the ring piece 6. The ring piece 6 is sleeved on the outer side of the battery cell 2 and is in contact with the battery cell 2. The middle part of the ring piece 6 is a cross-shaped block structure and is inserted into the cross groove 21. The cross groove 21 is used to insert the cross-shaped block structure of the ring piece 6 to ensure a stable connection between the connecting piece 5 and the battery cell 2.

[0036] Multiple battery bodies 1 are interconnected through partitions 3 and side panels 4 to form an overall energy storage battery pack structure. The gap grooves 31 of the partitions 3 provide heat dissipation space for the battery bodies 1, which helps to maintain the temperature stability of the battery pack. The connecting sheet 5 is overlapped on the battery body 1 and contacts the battery cell 2 through the ring sheet 6 to achieve electrical connection between two adjacent battery cells 2.

[0037] The cross-shaped block structure of the ring piece 6 is inserted into the cross slot 21 of the battery cell 2 to ensure the stability and reliability of the connection. The gap groove 31 of the partition 3 forms a heat dissipation space between the battery body 1 and the partition 3, which helps the battery pack to dissipate heat during operation and reduce the impact of temperature increase on battery performance.

[0038] The ring sheet 6 is sleeved on the outside of the battery cell 2 and inserted into the cross slot 21 through a cross-shaped block structure, which effectively prevents the risk of the connecting sheet 5 falling off due to the increased fluidity of the adhesive when the temperature rises. The side panel 4 is attached to one side of the battery body 1 to enhance the overall structural stability of the battery pack.

[0039] A circular groove 61 is provided in the middle of the ring piece 6, and long grooves 62 are provided on both sides of the cross-shaped block of the ring piece 6. The long grooves 62 form a glue supply space between the ring piece 6 and the cross groove 21. A groove 51 is formed in the middle of the connecting piece 5, and the groove 51 is sleeved on the partition 3. The long grooves 62 are used to accommodate adhesive, thereby increasing the bonding area between the ring piece 6 and the battery cell 2 and improving the bonding strength.

[0040] Figure 5 For the present invention Figure 4 In the structural schematic diagram enlarged at point A in the middle, a limit assembly is arranged on the connecting piece 5, and the limit assembly includes a guide rod 52. A side groove 55 is opened on one side of the connecting piece 5. The guide rod 52 is located in the side groove 55 and is fixedly plugged into the connecting piece 5. A movable plug block 53 is slidably sleeved on the guide rod 52. The movable plug block 53 is in an "L"-shaped structure, and the end portion matches the slot 32. A support spring 54 is sleeved on the guide rod 52, and the model of the support spring 54 can be selected according to the actual working conditions.

[0041] The support spring 54 is sleeved on the guide rod 52 to provide elastic force for the movable plug 53, ensuring that the movable plug 53 can be tightly inserted into the slot 32 and maintain a certain pre-tightening force, so that the connecting piece 5 will not fall off easily during the operation of the battery pack, thereby improving the reliability of the electrical connection.

[0042] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the cross-bar seat of the present invention. The top of the battery body 1 is located on one side of the battery cell 2 and is fixedly connected to a fixed block 7. A swivel seat 71 is rotatably connected to the fixed block 7 through a bearing or a rotary joint, so that the swivel seat 71 can rotate within a certain angle. A cross-bar seat 8 is fixedly connected to one side of the swivel seat 71. The bottom of the cross-bar seat 8 is overlapped on the ring piece 6 and covers the cross-shaped block structure of the ring piece 6. A temperature sensor 9 is installed at the end of the cross-bar seat 8. The wire of the temperature sensor 9 is led out through the internal channel of the cross-bar seat 8 and is electrically connected to the control center through a wiring terminal or a plug.

[0043] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the adjustment in the glue adding component of the present invention, Figure 8 For the present invention Figure 7 In the enlarged structural diagram at B, a glue adding component that is easy to adjust is provided on the cross bar seat 8, and the glue adding component includes a cylinder 82. A storage groove is provided on the top of the cross bar seat 8, and a sealing gasket is used to achieve sealing between the mounting plate 81 and the cross bar seat 8.

[0044] The mounting plate 81 is fixed to the cross bar seat 8 by screws and covers the storage slot. A cylinder 82 is installed in the storage slot. A push block 83 is slidably inserted in the mounting plate 81. The telescopic end of the cylinder 82 is in contact with the push block 83. The power cord of the cylinder 82 is led out through the reserved hole of the mounting plate 81 and is electrically connected to the control center through a wiring terminal or a plug.

[0045] Fig. 9 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the pipeline in the glue adding assembly of the present invention. A first airbag block 84 is bonded between the push block 83 and the mounting plate 81. The first airbag block 84 is made of flexible material and is filled with adhesive. One end of the first airbag block 84 is connected to a circulation main pipe 801, and the end of the circulation main pipe 801 is connected to a circulation branch pipe 802. The circulation main pipe 801 is arranged to be horizontally inclined downward, and the ports of the circulation branch pipe 802 respectively lead to the corresponding long grooves 62 to ensure that the adhesive flows out smoothly under the action of gravity. The pipeline design takes anti-clogging performance into consideration, and the material should be resistant to chemical corrosion. It is a common setting in the prior art and will not be described in detail.

[0046] Fig.10 It is a schematic diagram of the fixed structure in the glue-adding component of the present invention, Fig.11 For the present invention Fig.10The enlarged structural diagram at point C in the middle shows that the end of the push block 83 extends to the receiving groove and is fixedly connected to abutment plate 85, and a second airbag block 86 is bonded between the abutment plate 85 and the receiving groove. The second airbag block 86 is made of flexible material, and the connection of the connecting pipe 87 is firm to prevent gas leakage. One end of the second airbag block 86 is connected to the connecting pipe 87, and a cylindrical groove is provided in the middle of the cross bar seat 8, and a round block 88 is fixed at the opening of the cylindrical groove by screws, and a movable plug rod 89 is slidably inserted on the round block 88, and the end of the movable plug rod 89 is inserted into the circular groove 61.

[0047] The movable rod 89 is fixedly connected with a limit ring 891 in the cylindrical groove, the movable rod 89 is sleeved with an abutment spring 892, the movable rod 89 is slidably sleeved with a support ring 893 at the top of the abutment spring 892, an airbag ring 894 is bonded between the round block 88 and the support ring 893, the airbag ring 894 is made of flexible material, and one side of the airbag ring 894 is interconnected with the connecting pipe 87.

[0048] The control center determines the temperature change of the battery pack based on the monitoring data of the temperature sensor 9. When the temperature of the energy storage battery pack is too high, the adhesive needs to be supplemented. The control center sends a signal to control the expansion and contraction of the cylinder 82, pushing the push block 83 to move. The push block 83 squeezes the first air bag block 84, so that the internal adhesive flows to the long strip groove 62 through the circulation main pipe 801 and the circulation branch pipe 802, so as to achieve uniform distribution of the adhesive. At the same time, the movement of the push block 83 drives the abutment plate 85 to squeeze the second air bag block 86. The second air bag block 86 is compressed, and the gas inside it is transmitted to the air bag ring 894 through the connecting pipe 87. The air bag ring 894 expands and further squeezes the support ring 893, so that the abutment spring 892 is compressed, and the abutment spring 892 further squeezes the limit ring 891, and then the end of the movable plug rod 89 abuts on the ring sheet 6, thereby reducing the displacement between the battery cell 2 and the connecting sheet 5 caused by thermal expansion of the ring sheet 6, and maintaining a stable connection.

[0049] During actual installation, the partition 3 is inserted between two adjacent battery bodies 1 so that the side plate 4 fits on one side of the battery body 1 to form a heat dissipation space gap groove 31, and the connecting piece 5 is overlapped on the battery body 1 to ensure that the two ends of the connecting piece 5 are fixed with ring pieces 6. The cross-shaped block structure of the ring piece 6 is inserted into the cross groove 21 of the battery cell 2 to ensure the stability of the connection. The fixing block 7 is fixed to the top of the battery body 1, and the swivel seat 71 is installed through a bearing or a rotating joint so that the swivel seat 71 can rotate. The cross bar seat 8 is fixed on one side of the swivel seat 71 so that its bottom covers the cross-shaped block structure of the ring piece 6. A limiting component is set on the connecting piece 5, including a guide rod 52, a movable plug block 53 and a support spring 54 to ensure that the connecting piece 5 will not fall off easily during the operation of the battery pack.

[0050] The energy storage battery pack of the present invention realizes stable connection and heat dissipation management between battery cells through a series of mechanical and pneumatic components. During the operation of the battery pack, the temperature sensor monitors the battery temperature in real time. When the temperature exceeds the set threshold, the control center activates the glue adding component to automatically replenish the adhesive to maintain the fixation of the connecting piece. At the same time, the displacement between the battery cell and the connecting piece caused by thermal expansion is reduced through a mechanical linkage mechanism, thereby ensuring the electrical connection and safe operation of the battery pack.

[0051] The control method of the present invention is to control by manually starting and closing the switch. The wiring diagram of the power element and the provision of power supply are common knowledge in the field, and the present invention is mainly used to protect mechanical devices, so the present invention will no longer explain the control method and wiring layout in detail.

[0052] The control method of the present invention is automatic control through a controller. The control circuit of the controller can be implemented by simple programming by technicians in this field. The provision of power is also common knowledge in this field. The present invention is mainly used to protect mechanical devices, so the present invention will no longer explain the control method and circuit connection in detail.

[0053] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations may be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, and that the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A power grid energy storage battery pack, comprising a battery body (1), characterized in that: The battery body (1) is provided with a battery cell (2), the battery cell (2) is provided with a cross groove (21), a partition (3) is provided between two adjacent battery bodies (1), both ends of the partition (3) are provided with side plates (4), both sides of the partition (3) are provided with gap grooves (31), the gap grooves (31) form a heat dissipation space between the battery body (1) and the partition (3), a plurality of battery bodies (1) and the partition (3) form an energy storage battery pack, both sides of the partition (3) are provided with slots (32), a connecting piece (5) is provided between two adjacent battery cells (2), both ends of the connecting piece (5) are provided with a slot (32), A collar piece (6) is provided, the middle of the collar piece (6) is in a cross-shaped block structure and is inserted into the cross groove (21), a circular groove (61) is provided in the middle of the collar piece (6), long grooves (62) are provided on both sides of the cross-shaped block of the collar piece (6), and the long grooves (62) form a glue supply space between the collar piece (6) and the cross groove (21), a limiting component is provided on the connecting piece (5), a fixed block (7) is provided on the top of the battery body (1) and on one side of the battery core (2), a rotating seat (71) is rotatably connected to the fixed block (7), a cross seat (8) is provided on one side of the rotating seat (71), and the cross A temperature sensor (9) is arranged at the end of the cross bar seat (8), and the temperature sensor (9) is electrically connected to the control center. The bottom of the cross bar seat (8) is overlapped on the ring sheet (6) and covers the cross block structure of the ring sheet (6). The cross bar seat (8) is provided with a glue adding component that is easy to adjust. The glue adding component includes a cylinder (82). The top of the cross bar seat (8) is provided with a receiving groove, and a mounting plate (81) is arranged at the opening of the receiving groove. The mounting plate (81) is fixed to the cross bar seat (8) by screws and covers the receiving groove. The mounting plate (81) is provided with a cylinder (82). A push block (83) is slidably inserted in the mounting plate (81), the telescopic end of the cylinder (82) is in contact with the push block (83), the cylinder (82) is electrically connected to the control center, a first air bag block (84) is arranged between the push block (83) and the mounting plate (81), the first air bag block (84) is filled with adhesive, a circulation main pipe (801) is arranged at one end of the first air bag block (84), a circulation branch pipe (802) is arranged at the end of the circulation main pipe (801), the circulation main pipe (801) is arranged to be horizontally inclined downward, and the ports of the circulation branch pipe (802) respectively lead to the corresponding long strip grooves (62).

2. The energy storage battery pack for a power grid according to claim 1, characterized in that: The side plate (4) is attached to one side of two adjacent battery bodies (1), and the sleeve ring sheet (6) is sleeved on the outer side of the battery core (2) and is in contact with the battery core (2).

3. The energy storage battery pack for a power grid according to claim 1, characterized in that: A groove (51) is formed in the middle of the connecting sheet (5), and the groove (51) is sleeved on the partition plate (3).

4. The energy storage battery pack for a power grid according to claim 1, characterized in that: The limit assembly comprises a guide rod (52), a side groove (55) is formed on one side of the connecting piece (5), the guide rod (52) is located in the side groove (55) and is fixedly plugged into the connecting piece (5), a movable plug block (53) is slidably sleeved on the guide rod (52), the movable plug block (53) is in an "L"-shaped structure, and the end portion thereof matches the slot (32), and a support spring (54) is sleeved on the guide rod (52).

5. The energy storage battery pack for a power grid according to claim 1, characterized in that: An end of the push block (83) extends to the receiving groove and is provided with an abutment plate (85), a second airbag block (86) is provided between the abutment plate (85) and the receiving groove, and a connecting pipe (87) is provided at one end of the second airbag block (86).

6. The energy storage battery pack for a power grid according to claim 5, characterized in that: A cylindrical groove is provided in the middle of the cross bar seat (8), a round block (88) is provided at the opening of the cylindrical groove, a movable plug rod (89) is slidably inserted on the round block (88), the end of the movable plug rod (89) is inserted into the circular groove (61), a limit ring (891) is provided on the movable plug rod (89) in the cylindrical groove, and an abutment spring (892) is sleeved on the movable plug rod (89).

7. The energy storage battery pack for a power grid according to claim 6, characterized in that: A support ring (893) is slidably sleeved on the top of the abutment spring (892) on the movable insertion rod (89), an air bag ring (894) is provided between the round block (88) and the support ring (893), and one side of the air bag ring (894) is communicated with the connecting pipe (87).

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